A method for adjusting peripheral eyes in tunnel drilling and blasting construction with fracture development

Abstract

The application discloses a fissure development tunnel drill-and-blast method construction peripheral eye adjusting method, which comprises the following steps: measurement and line laying; peripheral eye position adjustment; drilling and hole cleaning; charge quantity and charge structure adjustment; and peripheral eye plugging. Through reasonable adjustment of peripheral eye position, charging and other processes, the application can effectively reduce the disturbance effect of drill-and-blast construction on the fissure development tunnel face peripheral surrounding rock, can not only reduce tunnel overbreak and underbreak, improve construction efficiency and reduce construction cost, but also can reduce surrounding rock falling and dropping of slag after drill-and-blast construction, and improve drill-and-blast construction safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel drilling and blasting construction technology, and in particular to a method for adjusting the perimeter holes in tunnel drilling and blasting construction with fractures. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel drilling and blasting, the development of fissures at the tunnel face has a significant impact on the drilling and blasting effect. The impact of fissure development on drilling and blasting is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, incorrect hole layout can easily lead to drill jamming during drilling, which not only damages equipment but also affects the construction progress. Second, the connection between the blast hole and the fissure causes the blasting energy to disperse, affecting the blasting effect and requiring subsequent treatment, which also affects the construction progress. Third, unreasonable charge quantity and charge structure in the peripheral holes may cause excessive disturbance to the surrounding rock, disrupting the self-stabilizing state of the surrounding rock, thereby causing rockfalls, debris falls, or even local collapses during subsequent construction, affecting the safety of subsequent construction.

[0003] Based on the patterns of how the development of fissures at the tunnel face affects drilling and blasting operations, reasonable adjustments to the layout of blast holes, drilling, and charging processes can greatly reduce the impact of fissures on the drilling and blasting procedures. In particular, reasonable adjustments to the peripheral holes can not only improve drilling and blasting efficiency and reduce construction costs, but also enhance safety during the construction process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0005] Therefore, embodiments of the present invention propose a method for adjusting the perimeter eye during the drilling and blasting construction of tunnels with fracture development.

[0006] This invention proposes a method for adjusting the perimeter boreholes during the drill-and-blast method for tunnels with fractures, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Measure and set out;

[0008] (2) Adjustment of peripheral eye position;

[0009] (3) Drilling and cleaning the hole;

[0010] (4) Adjustment of charge quantity and charge structure;

[0011] (5) Peripheral eye blockage.

[0012] In some embodiments, in step (1), a total station is used to measure and lay out the tunnel excavation outline, and the arch top, arching position and peripheral hole position are marked with red paint. The peripheral hole positions are evenly arranged according to the drilling and blasting process design spacing, and the error of all point markings does not exceed 5cm.

[0013] In some embodiments, in step (1), the position of the peripheral eye is marked by measuring and laying out the line. During the marking process, the peripheral eye within the influence range of the crack is specially marked. According to the positional relationship between the peripheral eye and the crack and the development of the crack, the position of the specially marked peripheral eye is adjusted according to a certain adjustment method. The peripheral eye that needs further adjustment of the charge amount and charge structure is marked again in different ways.

[0014] In some embodiments, in steps (2) and (4), the position of the peripheral eye, the amount of explosive charge, and the charge structure are adjusted during construction according to the special marking information of the peripheral eye.

[0015] In some embodiments, the information of the special markers is determined based on the influence of different types of fractures on the drilling effect of the surrounding holes at different locations, and the different types of fractures are classified according to the different directions and widths of fracture development at the working face.

[0016] In some embodiments, the adjustment method is divided into:

[0017] (1) When the shortest distance between the fracture and the peripheral hole exceeds the minimum resistance line of the borehole design or the fracture width a≤2mm and does not directly pass through the peripheral hole position, the peripheral hole does not need to be adjusted;

[0018] (2) When the crack width a≤2mm but passes through the peripheral eye position, the peripheral eye is adjusted to the inside of the working face until the minimum distance from the hole edge to the crack is 5±1cm, and the charge structure and charge amount remain unchanged.

[0019] (3) When the crack width is 10mm ≥ a > 2mm, if it passes through the peripheral eye or the distance h1 from the edge of the peripheral eye is ≤ 10cm, the peripheral eye is adjusted to the inside of the working face until the minimum distance from the edge of the hole to the crack is 10±1cm, and the charging structure and the amount of charge remain unchanged; if the distance h2 from the outside edge of the peripheral eye is > 10cm, the peripheral eye is adjusted to the outside of the working face until the minimum distance from the edge of the hole to the crack is 10±1cm, and the charging structure and the amount of charge remain unchanged; if the distance from the inside edge of the peripheral eye is 30cm ≥ h3 > 10cm, the position of the peripheral eye remains unchanged, the charging structure is adjusted to a straight charging, and the strip emulsion explosive is reduced by 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 according to the crack width and the distance from the peripheral eye.

[0020] (4) When the crack width a > 10 mm and the distance h2 from the outer edge of the peripheral eye > 10 cm, the peripheral eye does not need to be adjusted;

[0021] (5) When the crack width a > 10 mm and the distance from the inner edge of the peripheral eye h3 > 10 cm, the position of the peripheral eye remains unchanged, the charge structure remains unchanged, and the strip emulsion explosive is reduced by 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 according to the crack width and the distance from the peripheral eye.

[0022] In some embodiments, a blasting operation is further included after step (5), and the next cycle is performed after the blasting operation is completed.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] This invention classifies the development of face fissures by different directions and widths. Based on the influence of different types of fissures on the drilling and blasting effects of peripheral holes at different locations, the invention adjusts the position, charge amount, and charge structure of peripheral holes within the fissure's influence range during positioning and charging operations, thereby reducing the negative impact of fissures on the blasting effect of peripheral holes.

[0025] The method of the present invention reduces the negative impact of tunnel face fissure development on drilling and blasting operations, improves drilling and blasting efficiency, reduces tunnel over-excavation and under-excavation, and enhances safety during the drilling and blasting process. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0027] Figure 1 Flowchart of the method for adjusting the perimeter holes in tunnel drilling and blasting construction with fracture development. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0029] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a method for adjusting the perimeter holes during drilling and blasting construction of fracture-developed tunnels according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the peripheral eye adjustment method for drilling and blasting tunnels with fracture development according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0031] (1) Measure and set out;

[0032] (2) Adjustment of peripheral eye position;

[0033] (3) Drilling and cleaning the hole;

[0034] (4) Adjustment of charge quantity and charge structure;

[0035] (5) Peripheral eye occlusion;

[0036] (6) Blasting operations.

[0037] In step (1), a total station is used to measure and lay out the tunnel excavation outline, and the arch crown, arching position, and peripheral hole positions are marked with red paint. The peripheral hole positions are evenly spaced according to the drill-and-blast process design, and the error of all point markings does not exceed 5cm. The peripheral hole positions are located and marked by measurement and layout. During the marking process, peripheral holes within the influence range of the fracture are specially marked. According to the positional relationship between the peripheral holes and the fracture and the fracture development, the position of the specially marked peripheral holes is adjusted according to a certain adjustment method. Peripheral holes that need further adjustment of charge quantity and charge structure are marked again with different special marks. That is to say, during the measurement and layout process, the position of the peripheral holes is marked by positioning marks, and the peripheral holes within the influence range of the fracture are marked by special marks. According to the positional relationship between the peripheral holes and the fracture and the fracture development, the adjustment method of the peripheral holes is determined according to a certain adjustment method. If the charge structure and charge quantity of the peripheral holes need further adjustment, different special marks are used to mark them again. When making special markings, special markings with the peripheral eye adjustment information agreed upon with the operators are used to distinguish the peripheral eye position, charge structure and charge amount, so that the operators can make adjustment prompts for subsequent drilling and charge processes after the peripheral eye measurement and layout.

[0038] In steps (2) and (4), adjustments are made to the peripheral eye position, charge quantity, and charge structure according to different special marking information. The information for these special markings is determined based on the influence of different types of fractures on the drilling and blasting effects of peripheral eyes at different locations. Different types of fractures are classified according to the direction and width of fracture development at the tunnel face. That is, by classifying the direction and width of fracture development at the tunnel face, and based on the influence of different types of fractures on the drilling and blasting effects of peripheral eyes at different locations, adjustments are made to the position, charge quantity, and charge structure of peripheral eyes within the fracture's influence range during peripheral eye positioning and charging operations, thereby reducing the negative impact of fractures on the blasting effect of peripheral eyes.

[0039] During construction, workers drill holes and load explosives according to special marking information. After sealing the holes, blasting is carried out, thus completing one cycle. The next cycle is then carried out according to actual needs.

[0040] In some embodiments, the method for adjusting the peripheral eye is as follows:

[0041] (1) If the shortest distance between the fracture and the surrounding hole exceeds the minimum resistance line of the borehole design, the drilling and blasting design plan shall be followed. The surrounding holes do not need to be adjusted, and the charge structure and charge amount remain unchanged.

[0042] (2) When the crack width a≤2mm and does not directly pass through the peripheral eye position, the peripheral eye does not need to be adjusted, and the charge structure and charge amount remain unchanged;

[0043] (3) When the crack width a≤2mm but passes through the peripheral eye position, the peripheral eye is adjusted to the inside of the working face until the minimum distance from the edge of the peripheral eye hole to the crack is 5±1cm, and the charge structure and charge amount remain unchanged.

[0044] (4) When the crack width is 10mm≥a>2mm, if it passes through the peripheral eye or the distance from the edge of the peripheral eye hole is h1≤10cm, the peripheral eye is adjusted to the inside of the working face until the minimum distance from the edge of the peripheral eye hole to the crack is 10±1cm, and the charge structure and charge amount remain unchanged.

[0045] (5) When the crack width is 10mm ≥ a > 2mm, if the distance h2 from the outer edge of the peripheral eye hole is greater than 10cm and it is still within the working face, the peripheral eye is adjusted to the outer side of the working face until the minimum distance from the edge of the peripheral eye hole to the crack is 10±1cm, and the charge structure and charge amount remain unchanged.

[0046] (6) When the crack width is 10mm ≥ a > 2mm, if the distance from the inner edge of the peripheral eye is 30cm ≥ h3 > 10cm, the position of the peripheral eye remains unchanged, the charging structure is adjusted to a straight charging, and the amount of charging is reduced appropriately. According to the crack width and the distance from the peripheral eye, the strip emulsion explosive is reduced by 1 / 5 to 1 / 4.

[0047] (7) When the crack width a > 10 mm and the distance h2 from the outer edge of the peripheral eye > 10 cm, it is still within the working face range. The peripheral eye does not need to be adjusted, and the charge structure and charge amount remain unchanged.

[0048] (8) When the crack width a > 10 mm and the distance from the inner edge of the peripheral eye h3 > 10 cm, the position of the peripheral eye remains unchanged, the charge structure remains unchanged, and the charge amount is appropriately reduced. According to the crack width and the distance from the peripheral eye, the strip emulsion explosive is reduced by 1 / 4 to 1 / 2.

[0049] When the peripheral eye does not need adjustment, the charge structure and charge amount also do not need adjustment. In addition, the construction procedure of this invention is the same as the conventional tunnel construction procedure, except that special marks for adjustment information are added when marking the peripheral eye position. This does not affect the normal construction procedure and is convenient for implementation on the construction site.

[0050] This invention summarizes the influence of fracture development on the blasting effect of peripheral holes. Based on the positional relationship between peripheral holes and fractures, fracture development and orientation, it determines the adjustment methods for the position of peripheral holes and the amount of explosives. This not only reduces the negative impact of fractures on the blasting effect of peripheral holes and reduces tunnel over-excavation and under-excavation, thus improving tunnel construction efficiency, but also utilizes the characteristics of peripheral holes to appropriately reduce the amount of explosives used, saving construction costs. At the same time, adjusting the position of peripheral holes and the amount of explosives can reduce the disturbance of blasting operations to the surrounding rock, improving the safety of subsequent operations.

[0051] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms may refer to different embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0052] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0053] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting the perimeter boreholes during drill-and-blast construction of fractured tunnels, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Measure and set out; (2) Adjustment of peripheral eye position; (3) Drilling and cleaning the hole; (4) Adjustment of charge quantity and charge structure; (5) Blocking of surrounding eyes, In step (1), the positions of the peripheral eyes are marked by measuring and laying out. During the marking process, the peripheral eyes within the influence range of the fracture are specially marked. According to the positional relationship between the peripheral eyes and the fracture and the fracture development, the positions of the specially marked peripheral eyes are adjusted according to a certain adjustment method. The peripheral eyes that require further adjustment of the charge amount and charge structure are marked again with different special markings. The adjustment methods are divided into: When the shortest distance between the fracture and the peripheral hole exceeds the minimum resistance line of the borehole design or the fracture width a≤2mm and does not directly pass through the peripheral hole, the peripheral hole does not need to be adjusted. When the fracture width a≤2mm but passes through the peripheral eye position, the peripheral eye is adjusted to the inside of the working face until the minimum distance from the hole edge to the fracture is 5±1cm, while the charge structure and charge amount remain unchanged. When the crack width is 10mm ≥ a > 2mm, if it passes through the peripheral eye or the distance h1 from the edge of the peripheral eye is ≤ 10cm, then the peripheral eye is adjusted to the inside of the working face until the minimum distance from the edge of the hole to the crack is 10±1cm, and the charging structure and charge amount remain unchanged; if the distance h2 from the outside edge of the peripheral eye is > 10cm, then the peripheral eye is adjusted to the outside of the working face until the minimum distance from the edge of the hole to the crack is 10±1cm, and the charging structure and charge amount remain unchanged; if the distance from the inside edge of the peripheral eye is 30cm ≥ h3 > 10cm, then the position of the peripheral eye remains unchanged, the charging structure is adjusted to a straight charging, and the strip emulsion explosive is reduced by 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 according to the crack width and the distance from the peripheral eye. When the crack width a > 10 mm and the distance h2 from the outer edge of the peripheral eye > 10 cm, the peripheral eye does not need to be adjusted; When the crack width a > 10 mm and the distance h3 from the inner edge of the peripheral eye > 10 cm, the position of the peripheral eye remains unchanged, the charge structure remains unchanged, and the strip emulsion explosive is reduced by 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 according to the crack width and the distance from the peripheral eye.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), a total station is used to measure and lay out the tunnel excavation outline, and the arch top, arching position and peripheral hole position are marked with red paint. The peripheral hole positions are evenly arranged according to the drilling and blasting process design spacing, and the error of all point markings does not exceed 5cm.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In steps (2) and (4), the position, amount of explosive charge, and structure of the peripheral eye are adjusted during construction according to the special marking information of the peripheral eye.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The information of the special markings is determined based on the influence of different types of fractures on the drilling effect of the surrounding holes at different locations. The different types of fractures are classified according to the different directions and widths of fracture development at the working face.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After step (5), there is also a blasting operation, and the next cycle is carried out after the blasting operation is completed.

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