Electrorheological tool for polishing fine narrow slot or deep hole and working method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of for polishing fine narrow slot or deep hole electrorheological tool and its working method, including tool installation positioning disc, electrorheological tool center axis, anode wire and cathode wire, wherein tool installation positioning disc, can be connected with the output end of rotary drive equipment transmission;Electrorheological tool center axis one end is installed on the tool installation positioning disc, the electrorheological tool center axis is equipped with double helix structure groove;Anode wire and cathode wire are respectively spaced in the double helix structure groove, and anode wire and cathode wire one end are respectively connected with the anode and cathode of high voltage power supply.Compared with prior art, the present application solves the problem of poor accessibility of tool when polishing deep hole, fine narrow slot and other structures by traditional polishing method, and has good application value in the field of fine narrow slot or deep hole polishing.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electrorheological polishing, in particular to an electrorheological tool for polishing a fine and narrow groove or a deep hole and a working method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the vigorous development of the petroleum chemical industry, aerospace, new energy technology, electronic communication, optics, medical devices, shipbuilding industry and other industries, new requirements are put forward for the surface quality of deep hole parts, such as turbine blades in the field of new energy technology and oil drilling bits, oil pipelines and oil storage tanks in the field of petroleum chemical industry. In the specific application of designing optical elements, the requirement for the surface roughness of the inner surface of the machined deep hole and narrow groove is put forward. Due to the geometric characteristics of the deep hole part, the traditional polishing method cannot be used to process these inner surfaces, so electrorheological polishing is proposed to solve the above problems.

[0003] The tool head used in traditional polishing methods such as mechanical polishing, electro-discharge polishing and air bag polishing cannot well adapt to the geometric characteristics of deep hole or fine and narrow groove parts, and there are certain challenges in processing microstructures; the processing principle of magnetorheological polishing is similar to that of electrorheological polishing, but the minimum size of the polishing head can reach about 10 mm, which has exceeded the size processing range of fine and narrow grooves or deep holes. Therefore, the current polishing of fine and narrow grooves or deep holes is still a processing technical problem in the industry, and researchers need to continuously develop to solve this problem. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an electrorheological tool for polishing a fine and narrow groove or a deep hole and a working method thereof. The tool adopts a double helix electrode arrangement design and combines the alternating distribution of the electric field to improve the effective polishing range while ensuring a certain material removal efficiency. At the same time, the electrorheological tool realizes overall rotation, effectively improves the uniformity of the polishing process, and also plays a role in stirring and updating the polishing liquid, so that flexible polishing of the inner surface of a deep hole or a fine and narrow groove with a large depth-diameter ratio can be realized.

[0005] The applicant believes in the conception process that electrorheological polishing is a polishing technology based on intelligent fluid. Essentially, the intelligent fluid between the positive and negative electrodes is converted from liquid phase to solid phase by strong electric field. At this time, the dielectric particles in the solid phase of the intelligent fluid form an array chain structure group with a certain shear strength along the electric field line direction, which can play its polishing function when it moves relative to the workpiece. Compared with mechanical grinding and chemical mechanical polishing, electrorheological polishing has the advantages of small cutting force, no metamorphic layer and no subsurface damage; in addition, electrorheological polishing is a non-contact polishing method, which can ensure the polishing efficiency while the tool wear is very small. Therefore, electrorheological polishing is suitable for the polishing of deep holes or fine and narrow grooves, and has great application prospect and can be applied to the present application.

[0006] The object of the present application can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides an electrorheological tool for polishing a fine narrow slot or a deep hole, comprising a tool mounting positioning disc, an electrorheological tool center shaft, a positive electrode lead wire and a negative electrode lead wire, wherein specifically:

[0008] The tool mounting positioning disc can be drivingly connected to the output end of a rotary driving device;

[0009] The electrorheological tool center shaft is mounted on the tool mounting positioning disc at one end, and a double helix structure groove is provided on the electrorheological tool center shaft;

[0010] The positive electrode lead wire and the negative electrode lead wire are respectively provided in the double helix structure groove in a spaced manner, and one end of the positive electrode lead wire and the negative electrode lead wire is respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a high-voltage power supply.

[0011] Further, the double helix structure groove comprises a first helix groove and a second helix groove which are parallel to each other and helically provided, and the positive electrode lead wire and the negative electrode lead wire are respectively provided in the first helix groove and the second helix groove.

[0012] Further, one end of the electrorheological tool center shaft is a two-stage stepped variable diameter structure.

[0013] Further, a two-stage stepped variable diameter inner hole is provided on the tool mounting positioning disc, and the narrow diameter section of the two-stage stepped variable diameter structure is in interference fit with the small hole diameter section of the two-stage stepped inner hole.

[0014] Further, the material of the electrorheological tool center shaft is organic glass or nylon.

[0015] Further, the positive electrode lead wire and the negative electrode lead wire are made of copper or aluminum.

[0016] Further, the positive electrode lead wire and the negative electrode lead wire are respectively glued in the first helix groove and the second helix groove.

[0017] Further, a first bushing and a second bushing are provided on the tool mounting positioning disc, the positive electrode lead wire and the negative electrode lead wire are respectively led out from the first bushing and the second bushing, and can be electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the high-voltage power supply through a conductive slip ring.

[0018] Further, an electric field is generated between the positive and negative conductive lines and acts on the electrorheological fluid mixed with abrasive particles to make the electrorheological fluid generate an electrorheological effect, at this time, the electrorheological fluid is converted from a liquid phase to a solid with a certain flexibility, and is gathered around the double helix structure to form a flexible polishing head with a certain shear strength, the flexible polishing head rotates and contacts the workpiece surface and generates relative displacement, and the chain structure generated by the electric field polarization drives the abrasive particles and the combined action of pressure, fluid gravity and rotational dynamic pressure to generate a certain shear force on the inner surface of the deep hole part, thereby realizing material removal on the inner surface.

[0019] The second aspect of the present application provides a working method of the electrorheological tool as described above, and the working method comprises:

[0020] S1, the positive pole of the high-voltage power supply is connected with the positive conductive line of the double helix structure through a hole, and the negative pole of the high-voltage power supply is connected with the negative conductive line of the double helix structure through another hole, thereby forming a closed loop circuit of electrorheological polishing;

[0021] S2, when the high-voltage power supply is turned on, a high-voltage electric field is generated between the positive and negative conductive lines, and when the electric field acts on the system filled with insulating polishing liquid, the electrorheological fluid generates rheological properties under the action of the high-voltage electric field, that is, the electrorheological fluid is converted from a liquid phase to a solid phase, and the electrorheological fluid at this time has a certain shear strength;

[0022] S3, when the electrorheological tool polishes a deep hole structure, relative rotational motion between the electrorheological tool and the hole to be polished can realize the polishing function;

[0023] When the electrorheological tool polishes a narrow slot structure, the electrorheological tool not only rotates relative to the machined part, but also makes the machined part move in a feeding mode to realize the polishing function.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following technical advantages:

[0025] 1) The present application provides a deep hole polishing tool head for an electrorheological polishing device, which has strong size adaptability and effectively solves the problem that the tool head of the traditional polishing method cannot be deeply inserted into a deep hole part with a large depth-diameter ratio, and the flexible polishing method adopted has the characteristics of no cutting stress, no metamorphic layer and no subsurface damage, and has a high uniform surface quality;

[0026] 2) The electrode tool head of the present application adopts a double helix alternating arrangement mode of positive and negative conductive lines, which expands the electric field distribution range, improves the uniformity and continuity, and makes the shear pressure more stable and uniform;

[0027] 3) The double helix conductive line arrangement of the electrode tool head increases the effective polishing stroke, thereby improving the polishing efficiency;

[0028] 4) The protruding spiral structure formed by the positive and negative electrode wires on the outer surface of the electrorheological tool stirs and updates the polishing liquid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] In order for the ordinary skilled person to more clearly understand the embodiments or technical solutions of the present application, the drawings in the embodiments are briefly summarized below.

[0030] Figure 1 The three-dimensional model of the electrorheological tool and the method of connecting electricity in the present technical solution;

[0031] Figure 2 The cross-sectional view of the electrorheological tool in the present technical solution;

[0032] Figure 3 The three-dimensional model of the center shaft of the electrorheological tool in the present technical solution;

[0033] Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the electrorheological processing scheme in the present technical solution;

[0034] Label name in the figure: 1, positive electrode wire, 2, negative electrode wire, 3, center shaft of the electrorheological tool, 4, tool mounting and positioning disc, 5, high-voltage power supply, 6, small hole diameter section, 7, large hole diameter section, 8, first spiral groove, 9, second spiral groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Overall, the electrorheological tool and method for polishing fine and narrow grooves or deep holes in the present application relate to the field of electrorheological polishing applications, and include a high-voltage power supply, a center shaft of the electrorheological tool, positive and negative electrode wires, and a tool mounting and positioning disc. The center shaft of the electrorheological tool is processed with a double spiral structure, and the positive and negative electrode wires are wound in the spiral groove through the double spiral structure and fixed by adhesive bonding. The power supply is connected with the positive and negative electrode wires through the hole on the mounting and positioning disc and through the conductive slip ring. In order to install and position the center shaft of the electrorheological tool, the inner hole on the mounting and positioning disc is processed as a stepped hole. The small hole diameter is in interference fit with the center shaft of the electrorheological tool, and the purpose is to clamp and fix the center shaft of the electrorheological tool. The large hole diameter is in clearance fit with the maximum outer diameter formed by the positive and negative electrode wires wound on the center shaft of the electrorheological tool. When the electrorheological tool rotates in the fine and narrow groove or deep hole, not only the inner wall of the fine and narrow groove or deep hole is polished, but also the spiral structure formed by the positive and negative electrode wires on the outer surface of the electrorheological tool stirs and updates the polishing liquid. The electrorheological tool solves the problem of poor tool accessibility in the traditional polishing method when polishing deep holes, fine and narrow grooves and other structures, and has good application value in the field of polishing fine and narrow grooves or deep holes.

[0036] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Any structural / module names, control modes, algorithms, processes, or composition ratios not explicitly described in this technical solution are considered common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0037] The electrorheological tool of this invention for polishing narrow grooves or deep holes includes a tool mounting and positioning plate 4, an electrorheological tool central shaft 3, a positive electrode wire 1, and a negative electrode wire 2, as detailed below. Figures 1 to 3 .

[0038] The tool mounting and positioning plate 4 can be connected to the output end of the rotary drive device. The tool mounting and positioning plate 4 has a first plug hole and a second plug hole. The positive wire 1 and the negative wire 2 are led out from the first plug hole and the second plug hole respectively and can be electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the high-voltage power supply 5 through a conductive slip ring. In specific implementation, the positive and negative terminals of the power supply are connected to the current transformer tool through a conductive slip ring, thereby preventing the current transformer tool mounting and positioning plate from being mounted on the inner ring of the conductive slip ring, and preventing the positive and negative wires from becoming entangled and hindering the normal operation of the current transformer tool during rotation.

[0039] The tool mounting and positioning plate 4 is connected to the output end of the rotary drive device. In the specific transmission connection, the tool mounting and positioning plate 4 is first connected to the conductive slip ring, and then the conductive slip ring is connected to the rotary drive device through the intermediate connecting device (shaft, coupling).

[0040] One end of the current transformer tool center shaft 3 is mounted on the tool mounting and positioning plate 4. The current transformer tool center shaft 3 is provided with a double helical structure groove. The positive electrode wire 1 and the negative electrode wire 2 are respectively arranged in the double helical structure groove at intervals, and one end of the positive electrode wire 1 and the negative electrode wire 2 are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the high voltage power supply 5 through conductive slip rings.

[0041] The double-helix structure includes a first helical groove 8 and a second helical groove 9 that are parallel to each other and spirally arranged. The positive electrode wire 1 and the negative electrode wire 2 are respectively disposed in the first helical groove 8 and the second helical groove 9. The positive electrode wire 1 and the negative electrode wire 2 are respectively glued to the first helical groove 8 and the second helical groove 9.

[0042] One end of the electrorheological tool central shaft 3 has a two-stage stepped diameter-changing structure. The tool mounting and positioning plate 4 has a two-stage stepped diameter-changing inner hole. The narrow diameter section of the two-stage stepped diameter-changing structure is interference-fitted with the small diameter section 6 of the two-stage stepped inner hole, which is intended to clamp and fix the electrorheological tool central shaft. The large diameter section 7 is clearance-fitted with the maximum outer diameter formed by the envelope of the positive and negative conductors wound on the electrorheological tool central shaft.

[0043] In terms of specific material selection, the central shaft 3 of the electrorheological tool is made of non-metallic materials such as plexiglass or nylon to prevent short circuits caused by connection between the positive and negative electrodes; the positive electrode wire 1 and the negative electrode wire 2 are made of copper or aluminum to better fit the inner surface of the double helical groove structure. The two-stage stepped diameter variable structure can be made of high-hardness non-metallic insulating materials to prevent deformation during clamping.

[0044] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a method for using an electrorheological tool for polishing narrow grooves or deep holes, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0045] S1. Connect the positive terminal of the high-voltage power supply to the positive terminal wire of the double helix structure through the plug hole, and connect the negative terminal of the high-voltage power supply to the negative terminal wire of the double helix structure through another plug hole, thus forming a closed loop of electrorheological polishing.

[0046] S2. When the high voltage power supply is turned on, a high voltage electric field is generated between the positive and negative conductors of the phase. When this electric field acts on the system filled with insulating polishing fluid, the electrorheological fluid undergoes rheological properties under the action of the high voltage electric field. That is, the rheological fluid realizes the transformation from liquid phase to solid phase. At this time, the rheological fluid has a certain shear strength.

[0047] S3. When polishing deep hole structures with an electrorheological tool, the polishing function can be achieved simply by the electrorheological tool rotating relative to the hole to be polished. When polishing narrow groove structures with an electrorheological tool, the electrorheological tool not only needs to rotate relative to the workpiece, but also needs to make the workpiece feed.

[0048] S4. At this point, the raised spiral structure formed by the positive and negative conductors on the outer surface of the electrorheological tool stirs and renews the polishing fluid. That is, combined with the friction and pressure generated by the chain structure driven by the electric field polarization, the fluid gravity, and the rotational dynamic pressure, a certain shearing force is generated on the inner surface of the deep hole part, thereby achieving the removal of material from the inner surface.

[0049] In specific implementation, the connection relationship of the double helix structure is as follows: the positive and negative wires are wound into the helical groove and glued to form positive and negative plates that generate an electric field; the electrorheological tool central shaft between the anode and cathode acts as a barrier between the positive and negative wires; the positive and negative wires are alternately distributed on the double helix structure, and the minimum distance between the positive wires is controlled at 0.3-0.4mm; the diameter of the positive and negative wires is slightly smaller than that of the double helix structure; the power supply is connected to the positive and negative wires through the conductive slip ring and the plug hole on the mounting positioning plate 4, the positive wire is connected to the positive terminal of the DC high voltage power supply, and the negative wire is connected to the negative terminal of the DC high voltage power supply.

[0050] The specific processing plan is as follows:

[0051] like Figure 4This is a processing example of a polishing tool head in an embodiment of the present invention. The electrorheological tool center shaft 3 and the double helical electrode structure are driven by an external motor to rotate. At the same time, the workpiece makes a periodic reciprocating motion in the yy direction of the vertical opening, thereby realizing polishing on the inner wall of the U-shaped workpiece to be polished.

[0052] The electrorheological tool of the present invention has good adaptability to the machining of the inner wall surface of various deep hole parts. The tool head can penetrate deep holes or slits with a large depth-to-diameter ratio to polish their inner surfaces to achieve the relevant surface quality requirements. The electrorheological polishing applicable to the electrorheological tool of the present invention is a new, intelligent and flexible polishing method, which has advantages over traditional polishing such as simple processing equipment, long tool head life and good processing stability.

[0053] This invention introduces a new application of this electrorheological tool for polishing the inner surface of narrow grooves or deep holes. The specific polishing steps are as follows:

[0054] Step 1) Fix the workpiece to be polished in the corresponding polishing groove;

[0055] Step 2) Adjust the minimum distance between the electrorheological tool and the surface of the workpiece to be polished to 0.3-0.5 mm, and keep them parallel;

[0056] Step 3) Pour the electrorheological polishing slurry into the polishing tank so that both the electrorheological tool and the workpiece to be polished are immersed in the polishing slurry;

[0057] Step 4) Apply a 2kV DC voltage to the positive and negative wires located on the central axis of the current transformer tool, and adjust the speed of the current transformer tool to 40rpm and the linear speed of the reciprocating motor to 0.1mm / s.

[0058] Step 5) After 2-3 hours, turn off the motor and apply voltage to the electrorheological tool to finish polishing.

[0059] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrorheological tool for polishing narrow grooves or deep holes, characterized in that, include: Tool mounting positioning plate (4); The electrorheological tool center shaft (3) is mounted on the tool mounting and positioning plate (4) at one end, and the electrorheological tool center shaft (3) is provided with a double helical structure groove. Positive wire (1) and negative wire (2) are respectively arranged in the double helix structure groove, and one end of positive wire (1) and negative wire (2) are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the high voltage power supply (5); The double helical structure includes a first helical groove (8) and a second helical groove (9) that are parallel to each other and spirally opened. The positive electrode wire (1) and the negative electrode wire (2) are respectively disposed in the first helical groove (8) and the second helical groove (9). One end of the central shaft (3) of the electrorheological tool is a two-stage stepped variable diameter structure; An electric field is generated between the positive electrode wire (1) and the negative electrode wire (2), and acts on the electrorheological fluid containing abrasive particles to cause an electrorheological effect. At this time, the electrorheological fluid changes from a liquid phase to a solid with a certain degree of flexibility and gathers around the double helix structure to form a flexible polishing head with a certain shear strength. The flexible polishing head rotates and contacts the workpiece surface and generates relative displacement. That is, under the combined action of the friction force, pressure, fluid gravity and rotational dynamic pressure generated by the chain structure group driven by the electric field polarization, a certain shear force is generated on the inner surface of the deep hole part, thereby realizing the removal of material from the inner surface.

2. The electrorheological tool for polishing narrow grooves or deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tool mounting and positioning plate (4) is provided with a two-stage stepped variable diameter inner hole, and the narrow diameter section in the two-stage stepped variable diameter structure is interference-fitted with the small diameter section (6) of the two-stage stepped variable diameter inner hole.

3. The electrorheological tool for polishing narrow grooves or deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the electrorheological tool central shaft (3) is plexiglass or nylon.

4. The electrorheological tool for polishing narrow grooves or deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positive electrode wire (1) and the negative electrode wire (2) are made of copper or aluminum.

5. The electrorheological tool for polishing narrow grooves or deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positive electrode wire (1) and the negative electrode wire (2) are respectively glued to the first spiral groove (8) and the second spiral groove (9).

6. The electrorheological tool for polishing narrow grooves or deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tool mounting and positioning plate (4) is provided with a first plug hole and a second plug hole. The positive wire (1) and the negative wire (2) are led out from the first plug hole and the second plug hole respectively, and can be electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of the high voltage power supply (5) through the conductive slip ring.

7. A method for operating a current-modulated cutting tool as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The working method includes: S1. Connect the positive terminal of the high-voltage power supply to the positive terminal wire of the double helix structure through the plug hole, and connect the negative terminal of the high-voltage power supply to the negative terminal wire of the double helix structure through the other plug hole to form a closed loop of electrorheological polishing. S2. When the high voltage power supply is turned on, a high voltage electric field is generated between the positive and negative conductors of the phase. When this electric field acts on the system filled with insulating polishing fluid, the electrorheological fluid undergoes rheological properties under the action of the high voltage electric field. That is, the rheological fluid realizes the transformation from liquid phase to solid phase. At this time, the rheological fluid has a certain shear strength. S3. When polishing deep hole structures with electrorheological tools, the polishing function can be achieved by rotating the electrorheological tools relative to the hole to be polished. When an electrorheological tool polishes a narrow groove structure, the tool not only rotates relative to the workpiece, but also feeds the workpiece to achieve the polishing function.

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