Tunnel excavation support device

Abstract

This invention discloses a tunnel excavation support device, comprising: a mounting platform horizontally mounted on a traveling mechanism; a mounting rod vertically mounted on the mounting platform, with a mounting block at the top of the mounting rod; and multiple support mechanisms, each including a first telescopic rod, a support rod, a first support plate, two second support plates, and two diagonal supports. This invention, by setting multiple adjustable-radius support mechanisms, achieves flexible adjustment of the support area according to the arc dimensions of the tunnel surface, effectively supporting the inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock. It is suitable for tunnel support of different sizes and has high economic and practical value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction equipment technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a tunnel excavation support device. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel portal excavation, to prevent deformation or collapse of the surrounding rock, support structures are needed to protect the inner walls of the tunnel. These support structures play a crucial role in tunnel safety. However, existing tunnel support structures generally suffer from difficulties in installation and dismantling, are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and have poor applicability. Furthermore, existing tunnel support structures cannot adjust the support area based on the dimensions of the tunnel's curved surface. For example, the invention patent with authorization announcement number CN111648791B discloses a tunnel excavation support structure and construction method, which includes an outer and inner layer of curved support. The curved dimensions of the outer and inner supports are fixed, making it impossible to adjust the support area according to the dimensions of the tunnel's curved surface, thus limiting the applicability of the support structure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and to provide at least the advantages that will be described later.

[0004] Another objective of this invention is to provide a tunnel excavation support device to address the technical deficiencies described in the background section.

[0005] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the present invention, a tunnel excavation support device is provided, comprising:

[0006] The mounting platform is horizontally mounted on the traveling mechanism;

[0007] The mounting rod is vertically mounted on the mounting platform, and a mounting block is provided at the top of the mounting rod;

[0008] Multiple support structures are arranged circumferentially, and each support structure includes:

[0009] The first telescopic rod is connected to the mounting block; for multiple support mechanisms, the middle first telescopic rod is vertically arranged, and the multiple first telescopic rods on the outside are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle first telescopic rod arranged in the transverse direction of the tunnel. The multiple first telescopic rods on the outside are all configured such that one end is connected to the mounting block, and the other end extends upward at an incline towards the inner wall of the tunnel curved surface.

[0010] A support rod is coaxially mounted on the top of the first telescopic rod, and a sleeve is slidably fitted on the support rod along its axial direction; the first support plate is an arc-shaped structure located on the top of the support rod.

[0011] Two second support plates are slidably mounted on either side of the first support plate; the two second support plates and the first support plate form an arc-shaped structure adapted to the inner wall of the tunnel surface and can abut against the inner wall of the tunnel surface; for multiple support mechanisms, telescopic plates are vertically mounted at the bottom of the two outer second support plates, and the bottom of each telescopic plate is slidably connected to the mounting platform along the transverse direction of the tunnel.

[0012] Two diagonal supports are provided, with one diagonal support corresponding to each second support plate. One end of each diagonal support is hinged to the sleeve, and the other end is hinged to the second support plate.

[0013] Preferably, in the tunnel excavation support device, the first support plate has an arc-shaped channel inside that is consistent with its structure.

[0014] One side of each second support plate is inserted into the arc-shaped channel, and the concave surface of the second support plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped channel; a first airbag is laid on the convex surface of the second support plate, and multiple first support plates are laid on the outer surface of the first airbag, and any two adjacent first support plates are connected by a first elastic element.

[0015] Preferably, in the tunnel excavation support device, each telescopic plate includes multiple unit plates that are sequentially slidably connected inside and outside. Each unit plate is provided with a second airbag on one side near the inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock. Multiple second support plates are laid on the outer surface of the second airbag. Any two adjacent second support plates are connected by a second elastic element.

[0016] Preferably, in the tunnel excavation support device, the mounting platform includes a horizontally arranged mounting plate and movable plates that slide laterally along the tunnel on both sides of the mounting platform; the bottom of the mounting rod is connected to the upper surface of the mounting plate, and one movable plate is provided for each telescopic plate, with the bottom of each telescopic plate slidingly connected to the corresponding movable plate along the tunnel.

[0017] Preferably, in the tunnel excavation support device, the traveling mechanism includes:

[0018] A base plate is horizontally positioned below the mounting plate and connected to the mounting plate via a vertically positioned second telescopic rod; the bottom of the base plate is provided with multiple first omnidirectional wheels;

[0019] Two third telescopic rods are provided, one for each movable plate. The top of each third telescopic rod is connected to the bottom of the corresponding movable plate, and the bottom is provided with a second omnidirectional wheel. The upper part of each third telescopic rod is connected to the top of the second telescopic rod via a horizontally arranged fourth telescopic rod, and the lower part is connected to the base plate via a horizontally arranged fifth telescopic rod.

[0020] Preferably, in the tunnel excavation support device, multiple ball bearings are rolled and embedded on the concave surface of each second support plate.

[0021] Preferably, in the tunnel excavation support device, the mounting rod is a telescopic rod.

[0022] Preferably, the tunnel excavation support device comprises three support mechanisms.

[0023] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] This invention, by setting up multiple support mechanisms with adjustable arc length and evenly spaced along the circumference, allows for flexible adjustment of the size of the arch formed by the multiple support mechanisms according to the shape and size of the tunnel arch. This enables the concave surface of the support body to adapt to and effectively abut against the corresponding inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock, achieving effective support for the tunnel surrounding rock, improving the applicability of the support device, and thus enhancing its economic practicality. In addition, the support device provided by this invention has a simple structure and is easy to move, further improving the practicality of the device.

[0025] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel excavation support device described in one technical solution of the present invention in its use state;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel excavation support device described in another technical solution of the present invention in the state of multiple support mechanisms in retracted state;

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified view of part A in the image;

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of part B in the image;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel excavation support device in its stowed state, as described in another technical solution of the present invention.

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Tunnel; 21-Mounting plate; 22-Movable plate; 3-Mounting rod; 31-Mounting block; 41-First telescopic rod; 42-Support rod; 43-First support plate; 44-Second support plate; 441-Airbag; 442-Support piece; 443-First elastic element; 444-Ball bearing; 45-Sleeve; 46-Diagonal support; 47-Telescopic plate; 51-Base plate; 52-Second telescopic rod; 53-Third telescopic rod; 54-Fourth telescopic rod; 55-Fifth telescopic rod; 56-First caster wheel; 57-Second caster wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0033] It should be understood that terms such as “having,” “comprising,” and “including” as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0034] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following implementation plan are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0035] In the description of this invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0036] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the present invention provides a tunnel excavation support device, which includes:

[0037] The mounting platform is horizontally mounted on the traveling mechanism;

[0038] Mounting rod 3 is vertically mounted on the mounting platform, and mounting block 31 is provided on the top of mounting rod 3;

[0039] Three support structures are arranged circumferentially, and each support structure includes:

[0040] The first telescopic rod 41 is connected to the mounting block 31; for the three support mechanisms, the middle first telescopic rod is set vertically, and the other two first telescopic rods are symmetrically set on both sides of the middle first telescopic rod along the transverse direction of the tunnel. The other two first telescopic rods are both set such that one end is connected to the mounting block 31, and the other end extends upward at an inclination towards the inner wall of the tunnel curved surface.

[0041] A support rod 42 is coaxially mounted on the top of the first telescopic rod 41, and a sleeve 45 is slidably sleeved on the support rod 41 along its axial direction.

[0042] The first guard plate 43 is an arc-shaped structure located at the top of the support rod 42;

[0043] Two second support plates 44 are slidably disposed on both sides of the first support plate 43; the two second support plates 44 and the first support plate 43 form an arc-shaped structure adapted to the inner wall of the curved surface of tunnel 1 and can abut against the inner wall of the curved surface of tunnel 1; for the three support mechanisms, telescopic plates 47 are vertically disposed at the bottom of the two outer second support plates, and the bottom of each telescopic plate 47 is slidably connected to the mounting platform along the transverse side of tunnel 1.

[0044] Two diagonal supports 46 are provided, and a second support plate 44 is provided with one diagonal support 46. One end of each diagonal support 46 is hinged to the sleeve 45, and the other end is hinged to the second support plate 44.

[0045] In the above technical solution, the present invention provides a tunnel excavation support device, which includes a mounting platform on a traveling mechanism, a mounting rod vertically mounted on the mounting platform, and three support mechanisms mounted on the mounting rod via mounting blocks. The traveling mechanism facilitates movement of the support device. Multiple support mechanisms are arranged in a circumferential direction on the mounting platform via the mounting rod and mounting blocks. These multiple support mechanisms form a semi-circular structure identical to the arched structure of the tunnel's curved inner wall. Each support mechanism includes a first telescopic rod mounted on the mounting block, a support rod at the top of the first telescopic rod, a first support plate at the top of the support rod, two second support plates on either side of the first support plate, and two diagonal supports that cooperate with the two second support plates. Of the multiple first telescopic rods in the multiple support mechanisms, the middle first telescopic rod is vertically mounted, and the remaining multiple first telescopic rods are an even number, and are evenly divided into two symmetrical groups located on the middle first telescopic rod along the transverse direction of the tunnel (within a certain range). Figure 1For example, the direction horizontal to the screen is the tunnel transverse direction, and the direction vertical to the screen is the tunnel longitudinal direction. On both sides, the support body of each support mechanism is formed by the first support plate and two second support plates made of elastic material. The arc length of each support body can be adjusted by the movement of the sleeve on the support rod along the axis of the support rod. Any two adjacent support bodies can contact each other on their adjacent sides. Furthermore, the height of each support body can be adjusted by the first telescopic rod, so that multiple support bodies form a continuous arch shape that is adapted to the inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock. The concave surface abuts against the inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock, thereby achieving effective support for the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0046] When supporting the surrounding rock of a tunnel, the entire device is moved to the tunnel via a traveling mechanism. By adjusting the length of the first telescopic rod, the first support plate of each support mechanism is raised to the highest point of its concave surface and contacts the inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock. Then, the position of the sleeve is adjusted along the axial direction of the support rod, thereby adjusting the arc length of the two second support plates relative to the first support plate. This allows multiple support bodies to form a continuous arched structure that adapts to the inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock, effectively supporting the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0047] This invention, by setting up multiple support mechanisms with adjustable arc length and evenly spaced along the circumference, allows for flexible adjustment of the size of the arch formed by the multiple support mechanisms according to the shape and size of the tunnel arch. This enables the concave surface of the support body to adapt to and effectively abut against the corresponding inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock, achieving effective support for the tunnel surrounding rock, improving the applicability of the support device, and thus enhancing its economic practicality. In addition, the support device provided by this invention has a simple structure and is easy to move, further improving the practicality of the device.

[0048] Another technical solution is that the tunnel excavation support device has an arc-shaped channel inside the first support plate 43 that is consistent with its structure.

[0049] One side of each second support plate 44 is inserted into the arc-shaped channel, and the concave surface of the second support plate 44 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped channel; a first airbag 441 is laid on the convex surface of the second support plate 44, and a plurality of first support pieces 442 are laid on the outer surface of the first airbag 441, and any two adjacent first support pieces 442 are connected by a first elastic member 443.

[0050] Two second support plates are slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped channel via concave surfaces, achieving a slidable connection with the first support plate. However, because the concave surfaces of the second support plates, which can be housed within the arc-shaped channel of the first support plate, are radially misaligned with the concave surfaces of the first support plate, during support operations, the second support plates extend beyond the first support plate and approach the inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock, but do not make proper contact. To improve the support effect, in the above technical solution, the invention provides an inflatable airbag on the concave surface of the second support plate, and lays multiple supporting plates on the airbag. Any two adjacent supporting plates are connected by a first elastic element. The two ends of the first elastic element are respectively hinged to the adjacent support plates. After the sleeve is adjusted to the position, the second support plate extends out of the first support plate and inflates into the airbag. The airbag inflates and pushes multiple support plates toward the tunnel surrounding rock, so that multiple support plates abut against the inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock. The airbag and multiple support plates connected by the first elastic element can satisfy the requirement that the second support plate can be pulled out relative to the first support plate, while also ensuring that multiple support plates on the second support plate abut against the inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock during support, thereby improving the support strength of the support device for the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0051] Another technical solution involves a tunnel excavation support device where each telescopic plate 47 comprises multiple unit plates that slide sequentially inside and outside the tunnel. Each unit plate has a second airbag on its side closest to the inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock. Multiple second support plates are laid on the outer surface of the second airbag, and any two adjacent second support plates are connected by a second elastic element. An inflatable second airbag and multiple second support plates are located on the outer side of the unit plate (close to the tunnel). During support operations, inflating the second airbag pushes the second support plates to abut against the inner wall of the vertical side of the tunnel surrounding rock, thus supporting the vertical side wall of the tunnel surrounding rock and improving the overall support effect for the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0052] Another technical solution involves a tunnel excavation support device where the mounting platform includes a horizontally positioned mounting plate 21 and movable plates 22 that slide laterally along both sides of the mounting platform. The bottom of the mounting rod 3 is connected to the upper surface of the mounting plate 21. One telescopic plate 47 corresponds to one movable plate 22, and the bottom of each telescopic plate 47 is slidably connected to the corresponding movable plate 22 along the tunnel's transverse direction. By configuring the mounting platform as a pull-out, variable-size structure consisting of the mounting plate and two movable plates, the width of the support device can be adjusted according to the tunnel's transverse width, adapting to tunnels of different widths. Furthermore, in the idle state, the movable plates can be stored inside the mounting plate, reducing the volume of the support device and facilitating transport or storage.

[0053] Another technical solution, the tunnel excavation support device, wherein the traveling mechanism includes:

[0054] A base plate 51 is horizontally positioned below the mounting plate 21 and connected to the mounting plate 21 via a vertically positioned second telescopic rod 52; the bottom of the base plate 51 is provided with a plurality of first universal wheels 55;

[0055] Two third telescopic rods 53 are provided, and one third telescopic rod 53 is provided for each movable plate 22. The top of each third telescopic rod 53 is connected to the bottom of the corresponding movable plate 22, and the bottom is provided with a second universal wheel 56. The upper part of each third telescopic rod 53 is connected to the top of the second telescopic rod 52 through a horizontally arranged fourth telescopic rod 54, and the lower part is connected to the base plate 51 through a horizontally arranged fifth telescopic rod 55.

[0056] A laterally adjustable walking mechanism is installed in conjunction with the pull-out mounting platform. Specifically, a base plate is installed below the mounting plate and connected to it via a second telescopic rod. A third telescopic rod is installed below each movable plate. Each third telescopic rod is connected to the second telescopic rod and the base plate via a fourth telescopic rod and a fifth telescopic rod, respectively. Multiple first omnidirectional wheels are installed at the bottom of the base plate, one of which is equipped with a brake. Second omnidirectional wheels are installed at the bottom of the third telescopic rods, each equipped with a brake. The third telescopic rod is connected to the second telescopic rod via the fourth telescopic rod, allowing the extension and retraction of the second telescopic rod to drive the free extension and retraction of the third telescopic rod, thereby adjusting the height of the entire support device. The third telescopic rod is connected to the base plate via the fifth telescopic rod to ensure the stability of the third telescopic rod in lateral movement.

[0057] In another technical solution, the tunnel excavation support device has multiple rolling balls 444 embedded in the concave surface of each second support plate 44. The multiple rolling balls reduce the frictional resistance when the second support plate is pulled relative to the first support plate, improving the flexibility and convenience of the support device.

[0058] In another technical solution, the installation rod 3 of the tunnel excavation support device is a telescopic rod. By extending and retracting the installation rod, the overall height of multiple support mechanisms can be adjusted according to the height of the inner wall of the curved surface of the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0059] The number of devices and processing scale described herein are for the purpose of simplifying the description of the invention. Applications, modifications, and variations of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0060] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A tunnel excavation support device, characterized in that, include: The mounting platform is horizontally mounted on the traveling mechanism; The mounting rod is vertically mounted on the mounting platform, and a mounting block is provided at the top of the mounting rod; Multiple support structures are arranged circumferentially, and each support structure includes: The first telescopic rod is connected to the mounting block; for multiple support mechanisms, the middle first telescopic rod is vertically arranged, and the multiple first telescopic rods on the outside are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle first telescopic rod arranged in the transverse direction of the tunnel. The multiple first telescopic rods on the outside are all configured such that one end is connected to the mounting block, and the other end extends upward at an incline towards the inner wall of the tunnel curved surface. A support rod is coaxially mounted on the top of the first telescopic rod, and a sleeve is slidably fitted onto the support rod along its axial direction. The first guard plate is an arc-shaped structure located at the top of the support rod; Two second support plates are slidably disposed on both sides of the first support plate; the two second support plates and the first support plate form an arc-shaped structure that adapts to the inner wall of the tunnel surface and can abut against the inner wall of the tunnel surface; for multiple support mechanisms, telescopic plates are vertically disposed at the bottom of the two outer second support plates, and the bottom of each telescopic plate is slidably connected to the mounting platform along the tunnel surface. Two diagonal supports are provided, and one diagonal support is provided for each second support plate. One end of each diagonal support is hinged to the sleeve, and the other end is hinged to the second support plate. The first support plate has an arc-shaped channel inside that is consistent with its structure. One side of each second support plate is inserted into the arc-shaped channel, and the concave surface of the second support plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped channel; a first airbag is laid on the convex surface of the second support plate, and multiple first support plates are laid on the outer surface of the first airbag, and any two adjacent first support plates are connected by a first elastic element. Each telescopic plate includes multiple unit plates that slide inward and outward in sequence. Each unit plate has a second airbag on one side near the inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock. Multiple second support plates are laid on the outer surface of the second airbag. Any two adjacent second support plates are connected by a second elastic element.

2. The tunnel excavation support device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting platform includes a horizontally arranged mounting plate and movable plates that slide laterally along the tunnel on both sides of the mounting platform; the bottom of the mounting rod is connected to the upper surface of the mounting plate, and one movable plate is provided for each telescopic plate, with the bottom of each telescopic plate slidingly connected to the corresponding movable plate along the tunnel.

3. The tunnel excavation support device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The walking mechanism includes: A base plate is horizontally positioned below the mounting plate and connected to the mounting plate via a vertically positioned second telescopic rod; the bottom of the base plate is provided with multiple first omnidirectional wheels; Two third telescopic rods are provided, one for each movable plate. The top of each third telescopic rod is connected to the bottom of the corresponding movable plate, and the bottom is provided with a second omnidirectional wheel. The upper part of each third telescopic rod is connected to the top of the second telescopic rod via a horizontally arranged fourth telescopic rod, and the lower part is connected to the base plate via a horizontally arranged fifth telescopic rod.

4. The tunnel excavation support device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Multiple ball bearings are rolled and embedded on the concave surface of each second guard plate.

5. The tunnel excavation support device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting rod is a telescopic rod.

6. The tunnel excavation support device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, There are three support facilities.

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