A reliable long-life speed regulating device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a reliable long-life speed regulating device and a speed regulating method. The speed regulating device comprises a base and a rotating drum coaxially connected with the base. At least two slot-shaped photoelectric couplings are arranged on a circuit board and axially spaced apart from each other. The detection slot of each slot-shaped photoelectric coupling is arranged with an upward opening direction, and the detection signal output end of the slot-shaped photoelectric coupling is electrically connected with the signal receiving end arranged on the circuit board. The bottom edge of the rotating drum is located between the detection slots of the slot-shaped photoelectric couplings, and at least one first notch is arranged on the bottom edge of the rotating drum along the circumferential direction. When the rotating drum is at a set rotating angle, the first notch is located between the detection slots of the slot-shaped photoelectric couplings, and the light path of the slot-shaped photoelectric coupling is conducted. By using the slot-shaped photoelectric coupling as a detection device for the notch position of the bottom edge of the rotating drum, the rotating angle of the rotating drum is obtained, and a corresponding detection signal is output. Different speed regulating gears can be obtained according to the combination of the slot-shaped photoelectric coupling detection signals, and the speed regulating device has a longer service life compared with a mechanical speed regulating device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of speed control device technology, and more specifically, to a reliable, long-life speed control device and speed control method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, many applications utilize adjustable positioners as speed control knobs, similar to mechanical speed control methods such as buttons. However, their application is subject to several limitations. For example, in dusty environments, dust easily accumulates on the adjustable positioner, leading to unstable speed control; in humid environments, electronic components, especially electrical contact surfaces, become corroded by moisture, causing the speed control device to malfunction; and in oily environments, since oil is an insulator, its penetration into the speed control device can cause poor contact of electrical components, resulting in the speed control device malfunctioning.

[0003] How to design and develop an adjustment device that can be applied to various working conditions and has a long service life is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem that mechanical speed regulating devices are easily affected by operating conditions in practical applications, thus failing to achieve long-life and stable speed regulation, this application aims to: 1) propose a reliable, long-life speed regulating device by using an optocoupler component as the detection core, supplemented by a stable mechanical component configuration, to achieve the functional requirements of long life and strong adaptability of the speed regulating device; and 2) provide a speed regulation method for this reliable, long-life speed regulating device, the specific scheme of which is as follows:

[0005] A reliable and long-life speed regulating device includes a base mounted on a circuit board and a rotating drum coaxially rotatably connected to the base.

[0006] At least one slotted optocoupler is arranged at axial intervals around the rotating cylinder on the circuit board. The detection slot opening of each slotted optocoupler is arranged facing upward, and the detection signal output terminal of the slotted optocoupler is electrically connected to the signal receiving terminal set on the circuit board.

[0007] The annular path formed by the orthographic projection of the rotating drum onto the circuit board is located between the detection slots of each slotted optocoupler;

[0008] The bottom edge of the rotating cylinder is located between the detection slots of the slotted optical coupler, and at least one first notch is provided along the circumference of the bottom edge of the rotating cylinder;

[0009] When the rotating drum is at a set rotation angle, the first notch is located between the detection slots of the slotted optocoupler, and the optical path of the slotted optocoupler is connected.

[0010] The above technical solution utilizes a slotted optocoupler as a detection device for the position of the notch at the bottom of the rotating drum, thereby obtaining the rotation angle of the drum and outputting a corresponding detection signal. Theoretically, multiple different detection signals can be obtained depending on the number of slotted optocouplers and the length of the notch, resulting in various speed control levels. Furthermore, since the slotted optocoupler is minimally affected by environmental factors, the speed control device can be used in various environments, such as dusty, humid, or oily conditions. Additionally, because the rotating drum itself does not directly contact the slotted optocoupler, there is no environmental corrosion or mechanical wear during application, resulting in a longer service life compared to mechanical speed control devices.

[0011] Furthermore, the base is annular and the end away from the circuit board is folded inward to form a folded edge, and each of the slot-shaped optocouplers is disposed on the circuit board located inside the base;

[0012] The rotating cylinder has a rotating groove circumferentially opened along its outer side wall, and the base has an annular slider on its folded edge, which is slidably connected to the rotating groove.

[0013] A limiting structure is also provided between the rotating cylinder and the base to limit their relative positions.

[0014] The above technical solution effectively protects each slotted optocoupler from external environmental impurities, preventing them from falling into the detection slots. In this solution, the rotating drum is mounted on the circuit board based on the base, avoiding direct contact with the board. This also facilitates smoother sliding between the drum and the base. The limiting structure prevents the drum from rotating freely relative to the base, improving the stability of the speed control device. Finally, the cooperation between the annular slider and the rotating groove satisfies both their rotational sliding requirements and effectively seals the gap between the drum and the base.

[0015] Furthermore, the limiting structure includes:

[0016] The elastic locking block is provided on the rotating slide / annular slider, and the locking groove is formed on the annular slider / rotating slide; or

[0017] Multiple pairs of magnetic blocks are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the rotating slide and the annular slider. The multiple pairs of magnetic blocks are respectively arranged on the rotating slide and the annular slider, or respectively arranged at predetermined positions on the rotating cylinder and the base.

[0018] With the above technical solution, when the rotating drum and the base rotate relative to each other, their positions can be stably in a semi-locked state, and they will not slip relative to each other randomly in a vibrating environment. The magnetic block can achieve a semi-locked state of relative position between the rotating drum and the base. At the same time, during the rotation, the magnetic block can guide the rotation angle with magnetic attraction, so that the notch on the rotating drum is exactly located between the detection slots of the slotted optocoupler without positional deviation, thus improving the stability of speed regulation.

[0019] Furthermore, the rotating drum is a tubular structure with openings at both ends, and a sleeve is nested inside the rotating drum, sliding up and down.

[0020] The annular path formed by the orthographic projection of the sleeve onto the circuit board is located between the detection slots of each slotted optocoupler.

[0021] A press-type elastic self-locking structure is provided between the rotating drum and the sleeve for locking the upper and lower positions of the sleeve;

[0022] The bottom edge of the sleeve is provided with a second notch along its circumference, and the second notch is staggered or adjacent to the first notch;

[0023] When the sleeve is in the first locked position, the bottom end face of the sleeve and the bottom end face of the rotating drum are in the same plane;

[0024] When the sleeve is in the second locked position, the height of the bottom end face of the sleeve is higher than the opening height of the bottom notch of the rotating cylinder.

[0025] Through the above technical solution, the pressing sleeve changes its vertical position, thereby altering the position and length of the notch used for the optical path of the conductive slot-type optocoupler. Consequently, rotating the drum at the same angle yields different detection results; that is, changing the position of the pressing sleeve allows for adjustment of the number of speed settings in the speed control device. Furthermore, all of the above adjustments are achieved through a mechanical structure, ensuring high stability and unaffected by the operating environment.

[0026] Furthermore, a sealing ring is provided between the inner wall of the rotating drum and the outer wall of the sleeve.

[0027] The above technical solution can prevent dust, oil stains and other impurities from the external environment from entering the base without affecting the relative rotation between the sleeve and the rotating drum, thus ensuring the stable operation of the speed regulating device.

[0028] Furthermore, the number of slotted optocouplers is set to two, the two slotted optocouplers are located on the same circular path and the distance along the circular path is less than half the circumference of the circular path, and the length of the notch at the bottom edge of the rotating cylinder is not greater than 1 / 2 the circumference of the circular path; or

[0029] The number of slotted optocouplers is set to three and they are arranged in a rotationally symmetrical manner around the axis of the rotating cylinder. The length of the notch at the bottom edge of the rotating cylinder is 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 times the circumference of the bottom edge of the rotating cylinder.

[0030] Through the above technical solution, rotating the drum allows the slotted optocoupler to output a combination of various detection signals, which can then be used as speed control signals. This means that multiple speed levels can be obtained using only a small number of slotted optocouplers. The reduced number of components also improves the reliability of the speed control device.

[0031] Furthermore, the circuit board is also provided with an infrared ranging sensor for detecting the locking position of the sleeve. The infrared ranging sensor is located inside the base and the detection end is facing the top of the sleeve.

[0032] The detection output terminal of the infrared ranging sensor is electrically connected to the signal receiving terminal set on the circuit board.

[0033] The above technical solution can detect the locking position of the sleeve. The position signal is combined with the detection signal of each slot-type optocoupler. After processing by the processing module set on the circuit board, an accurate speed regulation signal can be obtained, thus forming a reliable and long-life speed regulation device with few components and multiple speeds.

[0034] Furthermore, the base is fixedly mounted on the circuit board by bolts;

[0035] The rotating drum is provided with straight grooves to facilitate twisting;

[0036] The base is provided with a gear position reading, and the rotating drum is provided with a gear position indicator arrow.

[0037] A speed regulation method for a reliable long-life speed regulation device, based on the aforementioned reliable long-life speed regulation device, includes the following steps:

[0038] When the sleeve is in the first locked position, set the corresponding gear data for each rotation angle range of the drum, and define it as the basic gear.

[0039] When the sleeve is in the second locked position, set the corresponding gear data for each rotation angle range of the rotating drum, and define them as extension gears;

[0040] Depending on the speed adjustment requirements, turn the rotary drum to obtain the basic gear, or press the sleeve to put it in the second locking position, and then turn the rotary drum to obtain the extended gear.

[0041] The above technical solution allows for the configuration and selection of various gears, and enables the locking of speed adjustment gears.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0043] (1) By using a slotted optocoupler as a detection device for the position of the notch at the bottom of the rotating drum, the rotation angle of the rotating drum can be obtained and the corresponding detection signal can be output. Various speed regulation levels can be obtained based on the combination of the detection signals of the slotted optocoupler.

[0044] (2) By using a slotted optical coupler to detect the rotation angle of the drum, the speed regulation device is less affected by environmental factors and has high applicability in various applications.

[0045] (3) The rotating drum itself will not come into direct contact with the slotted optocoupler. At the same time, since the slotted optocoupler is in an isolated and sealed state, it will not cause environmental corrosion or mechanical wear during application. Compared with mechanical speed control devices, it has a longer service life. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the speed regulating device (single-cylinder structure).

[0047] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the speed regulating device (single-cylinder structure).

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the speed regulating device sleeve (double-cylinder structure, rotating cylinder omitted).

[0049] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the speed regulating device (double-cylinder structure).

[0050] Reference numerals: 1. Base; 2. Rotating cylinder; 3. Slotted optocoupler; 4. Detection slot; 5. First notch; 6. Folded edge; 7. Annular slider; 8. Rotating slide; 9. Magnetic block; 10. Sleeve; 11. Press-type elastic self-locking structure; 12. Second notch; 13. Sealing ring; 14. Infrared ranging sensor; 15. Straight lines; 16. Bolt; 17. Circuit board. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0052] A reliable, long-life speed regulating device, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a base 1 mounted on a circuit board 17 and a rotating cylinder 2 that is coaxially rotatably connected to the base 1.

[0053] Combination Figure 2 As shown, the base 1 is circular and the end away from the circuit board 17 is folded inward to form a folded edge 6. The rotating cylinder 2 has a rotating groove 8 circumferentially opened along its outer side wall. The edge of the folded edge 6 of the base 1 is provided with an annular slider 7 that matches the rotating groove 8. The annular slider 7 is slidably connected to the rotating groove 8, thereby realizing the coaxial rotation of the rotating cylinder 2 and the base 1.

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment of this application, the base 1 is fixedly mounted on the circuit board 17 by bolts 16, the rotating cylinder 2 is provided with straight lines 15 for easy turning, the base 1 is provided with a gear reading, and the rotating cylinder 2 is provided with a gear indicator arrow.

[0055] To prevent the rotating cylinder 2 from rotating freely on the base 1, a limiting structure is provided between the rotating cylinder 2 and the base 1 to limit their relative positions. In one embodiment, the limiting structure includes an elastic block disposed on the rotating slide 8 or the annular slider 7, and a corresponding slot disposed on the annular slider 7 or the rotating slide 8. The slot and the elastic block are both arranged circumferentially on the rotating cylinder 2. During rotation, the rotating cylinder 2 is locked to the base 1 by the pressing action between the elastic block and the slot. It should be noted that the above-mentioned locking state is not completely fixed. The rotating cylinder 2 will only rotate when the force of turning the rotating cylinder 2 exceeds a set value, which is defined as a semi-locked state. In another embodiment, the limiting structure includes multiple pairs of magnetic blocks 9 arranged circumferentially along the rotating slide 8 and the annular slider 7. The multiple pairs of magnetic blocks 9 are respectively disposed on the rotating slide 8 and the annular slider 7, or respectively disposed at set positions on the rotating cylinder 2 and the base 1. It should be understood that the magnetic blocks 9 located on the rotating slide 8 and the annular slider 7 are set to face each other with different polarities. That is, after the rotating drum 2 rotates at a set angle, the rotating drum 2 and the base 1 can achieve a semi-locked state under the action of the magnetic blocks 9.

[0056] The design of the aforementioned limiting structure prevents the rotating cylinder 2 and the base 1 from sliding relative to each other in a vibrating environment. The magnetic block 9 can achieve a semi-locked state of the relative position between the rotating cylinder 2 and the base 1. At the same time, during rotation, the magnetic block 9 can guide the rotation angle with magnetic attraction, preventing the rotating cylinder 2 from not being turned into place.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, at least one slotted optocoupler 3 is axially spaced around the rotating cylinder 2 on the circuit board 17. The opening direction of the detection slot 4 of each slotted optocoupler 3 is upward, and the detection signal output terminal of the slotted optocoupler 3 is electrically connected to the signal receiving terminal set on the circuit board 17.

[0058] The slotted optocoupler 3 in this embodiment uses a commonly used slotted optocoupler 3 in the prior art to achieve its function. The slotted optocoupler 3 mainly includes an infrared emitting tube and an infrared receiving tube respectively disposed on two cantilever arms, as well as a built-in signal amplification circuit. When an object is present in the detection slot 4 and obstructs the light path, the detection optical path is not connected, and the slotted optocoupler 3 outputs a low-level signal; otherwise, it outputs a high-level signal. Since the slotted optocoupler 3 has been widely disclosed in the prior art, its structure and working principle will not be described in detail here.

[0059] As detailed, each slotted optocoupler 3 is mounted on a circuit board 17 located inside the base 1, thereby avoiding interference from impurities in the external environment, such as water, oil stains, and dust, on the detection of the slotted optocoupler 3.

[0060] The annular path formed by the orthographic projection of the rotating cylinder 2 onto the circuit board 17 is located between the detection slots 4 of each slotted optocoupler 3. Simultaneously, the bottom edge of the rotating cylinder 2 is located between the detection slots 4 of the slotted optocouplers 3, and at least one first notch 5 is provided along its circumference on the bottom edge of the rotating cylinder 2. In this embodiment, an example is provided using one notch combined with two slotted optocouplers 3.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, the number of slotted optocouplers 3 is set to two, namely slotted optocoupler 3a and slotted optocoupler 3b. When the rotating drum 2 is at the set rotation angle, the first notch 5 is located between the detection slots 4 of the slotted optocoupler 3a, and the optical path of the slotted optocoupler 3a is open. At this time, the optical path of the slotted optocoupler 3b is not open, and the output signal of the two slotted optocouplers 3 is "10". Similarly, by changing the length of the first notch 5 and the rotation angle of the rotating drum 2, the two slotted optocouplers 3 can also output three signal combinations of "00", "01" and "11". It can be seen that four-speed regulation can be achieved by using two slotted optocouplers 3.

[0062] In the above scheme, a slotted optocoupler 3 is used as a detection device for the position of the notch at the bottom of the rotating drum 2, thereby obtaining the rotation angle of the rotating drum 2 and outputting a corresponding detection signal. Theoretically, multiple different detection signals can be obtained depending on the number of slotted optocouplers 3 and the length of the notch, thus obtaining multiple different speed control levels. Furthermore, since the slotted optocoupler 3 is minimally affected by environmental factors, the above speed control device can be used in various situations, such as dusty, humid, or oily environments. In addition, since the rotating drum 2 itself does not directly contact the slotted optocoupler 3, there is no environmental corrosion or mechanical wear during application, resulting in a longer service life compared to mechanical speed control devices.

[0063] The aforementioned use of paired magnetic blocks 9 as a limiting structure ensures that the center of the notch on the rotating drum 2 is precisely located between the detection slots 4 of the slotted optocoupler 3 without any positional deviation, thereby improving the stability of speed regulation.

[0064] In a further improved and optimized implementation, combined with Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the rotating cylinder 2 is a tubular structure with openings at both ends, and a sleeve 10 is nested inside the rotating cylinder 2, sliding up and down. The annular path formed by the orthographic projection of the sleeve 10 onto the circuit board 17 is located between the detection slots 4 of each slot-type optocoupler 3.

[0065] A press-type elastic self-locking structure 11 for locking the upper and lower positions of the sleeve 10 is provided between the rotating cylinder 2 and the sleeve 10. The bottom edge of the sleeve 10 has a second notch 12 along its circumference, and the second notch 12 is staggered or adjacent to the first notch 5.

[0066] When the sleeve 10 is in the first locked position, the bottom end face of the sleeve 10 and the bottom end face of the rotating cylinder 2 are in the same plane;

[0067] When the sleeve 10 is in the second locked position, the height of the bottom end face of the sleeve 10 is higher than the opening height of the bottom notch of the rotating cylinder 2.

[0068] Based on the above technical solution, pressing the sleeve 10 changes its vertical position, thereby changing the position and length of the notch used for the optical path of the conductive slot type optocoupler 3. Therefore, rotating the rotating cylinder 2 at the same rotation angle yields different detection results. In other words, changing the position of the pressing sleeve 10 can adjust the number of speed settings in the speed control device. Furthermore, all of the above adjustments are performed by a mechanical structure, ensuring high stability and immunity to environmental influences.

[0069] In the embodiments of this application, combined with Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the press-type elastic self-locking structure 11 and the sleeve 10 achieve functional reuse in structure, similar to the press-and-release principle of a ballpoint pen in the prior art. The press-type elastic self-locking structure 11 includes an upper pressing tooth column, a rotating tooth column, and a movable cylinder near the circuit board 17. A first limiting slider is provided on the upper pressing tooth column, and a first limiting groove is provided on the inner wall of the rotating cylinder 2 along the vertical direction, so that the upper pressing tooth column can only slide up and down and will not slide out of the rotating cylinder 2. The rotating tooth column is coaxially rotatably nested in the rotating cylinder 2. A return spring is provided between the movable cylinder and the circuit board 17. Under the action of the return spring, the top of the movable cylinder abuts against the bottom of the rotating tooth column. To prevent the movable cylinder from rotating, a second limiting groove and a second limiting slider are provided between the outer wall of the movable cylinder and the inner wall of the rotating cylinder 2.

[0070] Both the bottom of the upper pressure column and the top of the rotating column are equipped with ratchet teeth. The meshing between the upper pressure column and the rotating column is incomplete; only the tips of the ratchet teeth partially engage. Guide ribs are provided around the ratchet teeth on both the upper pressure column and the rotating column, and guide grooves are formed on the inner wall of the rotating column relative to the guide ribs. The relative movement between the ratchet teeth and between the guide ribs and the guide grooves causes the rotating column to rotate. Since the heights of the guide grooves and the ratchet teeth are not the same, the position height of the rotating column will alternate up and down during rotation, thereby adjusting and locking the height of the bottom end face of the movable cylinder, i.e., adjusting the position height of the bottom end face of the sleeve 10. In practice, the push-button elastic self-locking structure 11 on ballpoint pens has been widely used; its detailed working principle and structural details will not be elaborated here.

[0071] In an optimized configuration, a sealing ring 13 is provided between the inner wall of the rotating drum 2 and the outer wall of the sleeve 10. This prevents dust, oil stains, and other impurities from the external environment from entering the base 1 without affecting the relative rotation between the sleeve 10 and the rotating drum 2, thus ensuring the stable operation of the speed regulating device.

[0072] like Figure 4 As shown, the circuit board 17 is also equipped with an infrared ranging sensor 14 for detecting the locked position of the sleeve 10. The infrared ranging sensor 14 is disposed inside the base 1 with its detection end facing the top of the sleeve 10, preferably disposed on the central axis of the sleeve 10. The detection output end of the infrared ranging sensor 14 is electrically connected to the setting signal receiving end on the circuit board 17.

[0073] In the above scheme, the infrared ranging sensor 14 can detect the locking position of the sleeve 10. The position signal is combined with the detection signal of each slot-type optocoupler 3, and after being processed by the processing module on the circuit board 17, an accurate speed regulation signal can be obtained, thus forming a reliable and long-life speed regulation device with few components and multiple speeds.

[0074] In practice, a miniature infrared ranging sensor 14 is preferred, which works by measuring distance through the emission and reception of infrared rays.

[0075] In practice, the significance of introducing the sleeve 10 lies in allowing selection of the number of speed settings in the speed control device. For example, as explained above, two slotted optocouplers 3 can achieve four different speed settings under specific conditions. In a particular embodiment, the bottom edge of the sleeve 10 has no notch or the notch length is extremely small. When it is positioned between the slotted optocouplers 3, it is insufficient to conduct the optical path of the slotted optocouplers 3. In this case, if the sleeve 10 is pressed, the optical paths of both slotted optocouplers 3 will be blocked, and the blocking state will not be affected regardless of whether the rotating cylinder 2 is rotated. That is, the output signal combination of the two slotted optocouplers 3 is always "00", and the number of speed settings in the speed control device is locked from the original four settings to a fixed one. Obviously, by reasonably setting the position and length of the notch at the bottom of the sleeve 10, the number of speed settings can be adjusted after pressing the sleeve 10, which is of great significance in practical applications.

[0076] In this embodiment, the number of slotted optocouplers 3 is preferably set to two, with the two slotted optocouplers 3 located on the same circular path and the distance along the circular path being less than half the circumference of the circular path. The length of the notch at the bottom edge of the rotating cylinder 2 is not greater than 1 / 2 of the circumference of the circular path, thereby enabling 4-speed regulation. Alternatively, the number of slotted optocouplers 3 can be set to three and arranged rotationally symmetrically about the axis of the rotating cylinder 2. The length of the notch at the bottom edge of the rotating cylinder 2 is 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 times the circumference of the bottom edge of the rotating cylinder 2.

[0077] Based on the reliable long-life speed regulating device described above, a feasible speed regulating method for the reliable long-life speed regulating device includes the following steps:

[0078] S100, when the sleeve 10 is in the first locked position, set the corresponding gear data for each rotation angle range of the rotating drum 2, and define it as the basic gear;

[0079] S200, when the sleeve 10 is in the second locking position, set the corresponding gear data for each rotation angle range of the rotating drum 2, and define it as the extension gear;

[0080] S300: According to the speed adjustment requirements, rotate the drum 2 to obtain the basic gear, or press the sleeve 10 to put it in the second locking position, and then rotate the drum 2 to obtain the extended gear.

[0081] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reliable long-life speed regulating device, comprising a base (1) mounted on a circuit board (17) and a rotating drum (2) coaxially rotatably connected to the base (1), characterized in that: At least one slotted optocoupler (3) is axially spaced around the rotating cylinder (2) on the circuit board (17). The detection slot (4) of each slotted optocoupler (3) is set with the opening direction facing upward, and the detection signal output terminal of the slotted optocoupler (3) is electrically connected to the signal receiving terminal set on the circuit board (17). The annular path formed by the orthographic projection of the rotating drum (2) onto the circuit board (17) is located between the detection slots (4) of each slotted optocoupler (3); The bottom edge of the rotating cylinder (2) is located between the detection slots (4) of the slotted optical coupler (3), and at least one first notch (5) is provided on the bottom edge of the rotating cylinder (2) along its circumference; When the rotating drum (2) is at a set rotation angle, the first notch (5) is located between the detection slots (4) of the slot-type optocoupler (3), and the optical path of the slot-type optocoupler (3) is open; The rotating cylinder (2) is a tubular structure with openings at both ends, and a sleeve (10) slides up and down inside the rotating cylinder (2); The annular path formed by the orthographic projection of the sleeve (10) onto the circuit board (17) is located between the detection slots (4) of each slot-type optocoupler (3); A press-type elastic self-locking structure (11) for locking the upper and lower positions of the sleeve (10) is provided between the rotating cylinder (2) and the sleeve (10); The sleeve (10) has a second notch (12) on its bottom edge along its circumference, and the second notch (12) is staggered or adjacent to the first notch (5); When the sleeve (10) is in the first locked position, the bottom end face of the sleeve (10) and the bottom end face of the rotating cylinder (2) are in the same plane; When the sleeve (10) is in the second locked position, the bottom end face of the sleeve (10) is higher than the opening height of the bottom notch of the rotating cylinder (2).

2. The reliable long-life speed regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (1) is annular and the end away from the circuit board (17) is folded inward to form a folded edge (6). Each of the slot-shaped optocouplers (3) is set on the circuit board (17) located inside the base (1). The rotating cylinder (2) has a rotating groove (8) circumferentially opened along its outer side wall, and the base (1) has an annular slider (7) on the edge of the folded edge (6), and the annular slider (7) is slidably connected to the rotating groove (8); A limiting structure is also provided between the rotating cylinder (2) and the base (1) to limit their relative positions.

3. The reliable long-life speed regulating device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The limiting structure includes: An elastic locking block is provided on the rotating slide (8) / annular slider (7), and a locking groove is provided on the annular slider (7) / rotating slide (8); or Multiple pairs of magnetic blocks (9) are arranged circumferentially along the rotating slide (8) and the annular slider (7). The multiple pairs of magnetic blocks (9) are respectively arranged on the rotating slide (8) and the annular slider (7), or respectively arranged at predetermined positions on the rotating cylinder (2) and the base (1).

4. The reliable long-life speed regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sealing ring (13) is provided between the inner wall of the rotating cylinder (2) and the outer wall of the sleeve (10).

5. The reliable long-life speed regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of slotted optocouplers (3) is set to two, the two slotted optocouplers (3) are located on the same circular path and the distance along the circular path is less than half the circumference of the circular path, and the length of the notch at the bottom edge of the rotating cylinder (2) is not greater than 1 / 2 of the circumference of the circular path; or The number of slotted optical couplers (3) is set to three and they are arranged in a rotationally symmetrical manner around the axis of the rotating cylinder (2). The length of the notch at the bottom edge of the rotating cylinder (2) is 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 times the circumference of the bottom edge of the rotating cylinder (2).

6. The reliable long-life speed regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit board (17) is also provided with an infrared ranging sensor (14) for detecting the locking position of the sleeve (10). The infrared ranging sensor (14) is located inside the base (1) and the detection end is facing the top of the sleeve (10). The detection output terminal of the infrared ranging sensor (14) is electrically connected to the signal receiving terminal set on the circuit board (17).

7. The reliable long-life speed regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating drum (2) is provided with straight grooves (15) for easy twisting; The base (1) is provided with a gear position reading, and the rotating drum (2) is provided with a gear position indicator arrow.

8. The reliable long-life speed regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (1) is fixedly mounted on the circuit board (17) by bolts (16).

9. A speed regulation method for a reliable, long-life speed regulating device, characterized in that, The reliable long-life speed regulating device according to any one of claims 1-8 includes the following steps: When the sleeve (10) is in the first locked position, the corresponding gear data is set for each rotation angle range of the rotating drum (2) and defined as the basic gear. When the sleeve (10) is in the second locking position, set the corresponding gear data for each rotation angle range of the rotating drum (2), and define it as the extension gear; According to the speed adjustment requirements, turn the rotary drum (2) to obtain the basic gear, or press the sleeve (10) to put it in the second locking position, and then turn the rotary drum (2) to obtain the extended gear.

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