A methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor and power generation system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor and a power generation system, relating to the technical field of methanol hydrogen production. The reactor includes: a reforming hydrogen production device, a catalytic combustor, a first microfluidic and microporous channel, a second microfluidic and microporous channel, an intake pipe, and an exhaust pipe; the catalytic combustor is embedded in the reforming hydrogen production device, the first microfluidic and microporous channel is embedded in the catalytic combustor, and the second microfluidic and microporous channel is embedded in the first microfluidic and microporous channel; the second microfluidic and microporous channel is used for introducing a mixed combustion gas; the gap between the second microfluidic and microporous channel and the first microfluidic and microporous channel is used for placing a combustion catalyst; the gap between the first microfluidic and microporous channel and the catalytic combustor is used for discharging combustion tail gas; a heat transfer layer is filled between the catalytic combustor and the reforming hydrogen production device. Through the structural improvement, the efficiency of methanol aqueous solution hydrogen production of the reactor is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production from methanol, and particularly to a reactor for reforming methanol aqueous solution to produce hydrogen and a power generation system. Background Art

[0002] As a new type of energy source, methanol fuel cells have the advantages of less environmental pollution, light weight, high energy storage density, etc. compared with traditional lithium batteries, and can be used as a preferred energy supply for mobile equipment.

[0003] At present, the technology of using methanol fuel for power generation has gradually come into people's sight. However, in the existing power generation technology, small power generation systems all use gas pressure tanks to store hydrogen produced from methanol fuel, and store hydrogen for power generation of the system. Once continuous power generation is required, more hydrogen storage devices need to be prepared to provide hydrogen, which is very inconvenient to operate and implement. Although some large power stations have separately set up methanol hydrogen production devices in the power generation system, most of the hydrogen production devices have cumbersome structures, and are large in weight and floor area, which is not conducive to the popularization and promotion of products.

[0004] In addition, in a traditional methanol hydrogen production reactor, methanol aqueous solution is usually introduced into the reactor, and through external heating of the reactor, a chemical reaction occurs between the methanol aqueous solution and the catalyst to produce hydrogen. Due to the relatively simple structure of the traditional reactor, the catalyst is prone to pulverization and high-temperature sintering, and at the same time, external heating easily causes uneven internal heating, resulting in incomplete internal chemical reactions and low hydrogen production efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the market for a reactor with a simple structure and high hydrogen production efficiency. At the same time, it is possible to use this reactor to realize the total control unit to control the operation of multiple reactors and use the hydrogen produced on-site for the power generation process. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a reactor for reforming methanol aqueous solution to produce hydrogen and a power generation system, which improves the efficiency of producing hydrogen from methanol aqueous solution.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a reactor for reforming methanol aqueous solution to produce hydrogen, including: a reforming hydrogen production device, a catalytic combustor, a first microfluidic microporous channel, a second microfluidic microporous channel, an inlet pipe, and an outlet pipe;

[0009] The catalytic combustor is embedded in the reforming hydrogen production device, the first microfluidic microporous channel is embedded in the catalytic combustor, and the second microfluidic microporous channel is embedded in the first microfluidic microporous channel; the reforming hydrogen production device, the catalytic combustor, the first microfluidic microporous channel, and the second microfluidic microporous channel are all located on the same central axis;

[0010] A plurality of air inlets are evenly formed in the second microfluidic microporous channel, and a plurality of air outlets are evenly formed in the catalytic combustor; the plurality of air inlets are respectively connected to the inlet pipe, and the plurality of air outlets are respectively connected to the outlet pipe;

[0011] The second microfluidic microporous channel is used for introducing a mixed combustion gas; the gap between the second microfluidic microporous channel and the first microfluidic microporous channel is used for placing a combustion catalyst; the gap between the first microfluidic microporous channel and the catalytic combustor is used for discharging combustion tail gas; a heat transfer layer is filled between the catalytic combustor and the reforming hydrogen generator;

[0012] During the working process, the mixed combustion gas enters the second microfluidic microporous channel through the inlet pipe, the mixed combustion gas diffuses from the second microfluidic microporous channel to the first microfluidic microporous channel, and a chemical reaction occurs under the catalytic action of the combustion catalyst; a large amount of hot fluid generated by the reaction diffuses from the catalytic combustor to the reforming hydrogen generator; an aqueous methanol solution is introduced into the reforming hydrogen generator; the aqueous methanol solution undergoes a chemical reaction under the catalytic action of a large amount of hot fluid and the reforming hydrogen production catalyst to produce hydrogen.

[0013] Optionally, the reactor further includes an inlet and an outlet;

[0014] The inlet is connected to the top end of the reforming hydrogen generator and is used for introducing an aqueous methanol solution;

[0015] The outlet is connected to the bottom end of the reforming hydrogen generator and is used for discharging the hydrogen generated by the reaction.

[0016] Optionally, a first partition is provided between the inlet and the top end of the catalytic combustor; a second partition is provided between the outlet and the bottom end of the catalytic combustor.

[0017] Optionally, the first partition and the second partition are used to enclose the catalytic combustor, so that after the aqueous methanol solution is introduced into the inlet, it directly enters the reforming hydrogen generator.

[0018] Optionally, the wall of the catalytic combustor is a porous structure or a wire mesh structure.

[0019] Optionally, the first microfluidic microporous channel and the second microfluidic microporous channel are porous structures, and the porous structures are used to ensure the diffusivity of gas and the fluidity of materials, and improve the heat exchange efficiency.

[0020] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the reactor discloses the following technical effects:

[0021] A hydrogen production reactor for reforming methanol aqueous solution provided by the present invention comprises a reforming hydrogen production device, a catalytic combustor, a first microfluidic and microporous channel, a second microfluidic and microporous channel, an intake pipe and an outlet pipe. Combustion catalyst is placed in the gap between the second microfluidic and microporous channel and the first microfluidic and microporous channel, so that the catalyst is not easily sintered at high temperature and the reaction is complete. The reforming hydrogen production device fully utilizes a large amount of hot fluid diffused from the catalytic combustor to produce hydrogen. Therefore, the structure of the reactor enables the reaction of the methanol aqueous solution to be more complete and the hydrogen production efficiency to be higher.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a power generation system based on the hydrogen production reactor for reforming methanol aqueous solution, comprising a fuel tank, a flow distribution valve, a total control unit, a fuel cell and the hydrogen production reactor for reforming methanol aqueous solution according to the first aspect.

[0023] The fuel tank is connected to the hydrogen production reactor for reforming methanol aqueous solution and is used to supply mixed combustion gas and methanol aqueous solution to the hydrogen production reactor for reforming methanol aqueous solution.

[0024] The hydrogen production reactor for reforming methanol aqueous solution is connected to the fuel cell and is used to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell.

[0025] The flow distribution valve is respectively connected to the fuel tank and the hydrogen production reactor for reforming methanol aqueous solution and is used to control the flow rates of the mixed combustion gas and the methanol aqueous solution entering the hydrogen production reactor for reforming methanol aqueous solution.

[0026] The total control unit is respectively connected to the flow distribution valve and the hydrogen production reactor for reforming methanol aqueous solution and is used to control the conduction intensity of the flow distribution valve and the working state of the hydrogen production reactor for reforming methanol aqueous solution. The working state is that the hydrogen production reactor for reforming methanol aqueous solution works or does not work.

[0027] The fuel cell is used to convert the hydrogen provided by the hydrogen production reactor for reforming methanol aqueous solution into electric energy.

[0028] Optionally, the number of the hydrogen production reactors for reforming methanol aqueous solution is single or multiple.

[0029] Optionally, the power generation system further comprises a common rail distribution pipe. The common rail distribution pipe comprises a single main pipe and multiple branch pipes. The main pipe is connected to the fuel tank. When the number of the hydrogen production reactors for reforming methanol aqueous solution is multiple, the multiple branch pipes are respectively connected to the multiple hydrogen production reactors for reforming methanol aqueous solution.

[0030] Optionally, the flow distribution valve includes a combustion flow distribution valve and a reforming flow distribution valve. The combustion flow distribution valve is used to control the flow rate of the mixed combustion gas entering the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor, and the reforming flow distribution valve is used to control the flow rate of the methanol aqueous solution entering the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor.

[0031] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the following technical effects are disclosed for the power generation system:

[0032] A power generation system based on a methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor provided by the present invention includes: a fuel tank, a flow distribution valve, a total control unit, a fuel cell, and the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor; the fuel tank is connected to the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor, the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor is connected to the fuel cell, the flow distribution valve is respectively connected to the fuel tank and the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor, and the total control unit is respectively connected to the flow distribution valve and the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor; by controlling the operation of the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor through the total control unit, the fuel cell can convert the hydrogen gas produced on-site by the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor into electrical energy, thereby realizing the power generation process. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a traditional fixed bed hydrogen production reactor;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a power generation system based on a methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a topology diagram of a power adjustable power generation system based on a methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Symbol Description:

[0039] Reforming hydrogen generator - 1, catalytic combustor - 2, first microfluidic microporous channel - 3, second microfluidic microporous channel - 4, intake pipe - 5, outlet pipe - 6, inlet port - 7, outlet port - 8, first partition - 9, second partition - 10, fuel tank - 11, fuel filling port - 111, solenoid valve - 112, pressure gauge - 113, liquid level gauge - 114, fuel emergency discharge valve - 115, flow distribution valve - 12, combustion flow distribution valve - 121, reforming flow distribution valve - 122, total control unit - 13, fuel cell - 14. Detailed implementation manners

[0040] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0041] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen reactor and a power generation system, which improve the efficiency of hydrogen production using methanol aqueous solution by improving the overall structure of the hydrogen reactor.

[0042] To make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] This embodiment discloses a methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen reactor, as Figure 1 shown, specifically including: reforming hydrogen generator 1, catalytic combustor 2, first microfluidic microporous channel 3, second microfluidic microporous channel 4, intake pipe 5 and outlet pipe 6.

[0045] Specifically, a catalytic combustor 2 is embedded in the reforming hydrogen generator 1, a first microfluidic microporous channel 3 is embedded in the catalytic combustor 2, and a second microfluidic microporous channel 4 is embedded in the first microfluidic microporous channel 3; the reforming hydrogen generator 1, catalytic combustor 2, first microfluidic microporous channel 3 and second microfluidic microporous channel 4 are all located on the same central axis. In fact, this reactor is equivalent to including two nested devices inside and outside. The internal catalytic combustor 2 is mainly used to provide the heat required for the chemical reaction to the external reforming hydrogen generator 1, realizing the function that the reactor can provide self-heating.

[0046] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, the internal structure of the traditional fixed-bed reactor is single and only used to store the catalyst required for the reaction. Due to the large accumulation of the catalyst, the corresponding stacking pressure will also increase. However, in the reactor of this embodiment, by setting multiple nested flow microchannel structures, the single structure in the traditional reactor is changed. With the setting of multiple flow microchannels, the reforming hydrogen generator 1 and the catalytic combustor 2, a microchannel structure is formed as a whole. Since the catalyst bed of the catalytic combustor 2 adopts a thin structure, the flow pressure is reduced, avoiding the problem of excessive local temperature, enhancing the temperature uniformity of the whole reactor, and improving the reaction efficiency of hydrogen production.

[0047] Furthermore, a plurality of air inlets are evenly arranged on the second microflow microchannel 4, and a plurality of air outlets are evenly arranged on the catalytic combustor 2; the plurality of air inlets are respectively connected to the air inlet pipe 5, and the plurality of air outlets are respectively connected to the air outlet pipe 6. By arranging a plurality of air inlets, the mixed combustion gas introduced from the air inlet pipe 5 can be evenly distributed in the upper, middle and lower parts of the second microflow microchannel 4, thereby reducing the internal temperature difference of the catalytic combustor 2 and ensuring the full combustion of the gas in the catalytic combustor 2 at the same time; and arranging a plurality of air outlets can also make the large amount of hot fluid generated by the reaction of the first microflow microchannel 3 flow fully, further reducing the internal temperature difference of the catalytic combustor 2.

[0048] In addition, the second microfluidic microporous channel 4 is used to introduce the mixed combustion gas; the gap between the second microfluidic microporous channel 4 and the first microfluidic microporous channel 3 is used to place the combustion catalyst; the gap between the first microfluidic microporous channel 3 and the catalytic combustor 2 is the channel for discharging the combustion exhaust gas, and the combustion exhaust gas is discharged from multiple air outlets through this channel; the gap between the catalytic combustor 2 and the reforming hydrogen generator 1 is filled with a heat transfer material. Since the wall of the catalytic combustor 2 is a porous structure or a wire mesh structure, the reforming hydrogen production catalyst and its carrier can be placed on the wall of the catalytic combustor 2, and the carrier is mainly an alumina carrier or a cordierite honeycomb ceramic carrier; the first microfluidic microporous channel 3 and the second microfluidic microporous channel 4 are porous structures, and the porous structure is used to ensure the diffusivity of the gas and the fluidity of the material. Among them, by placing the combustion catalyst in the gap between the second microfluidic microporous channel 4 and the first microfluidic microporous channel 3, the catalyst has an independent storage space, reducing the stacking pressure caused by catalyst accumulation, and the contact area between the catalyst and the external environment is also correspondingly increased, avoiding reaction failure due to excessive catalyst accumulation. In addition, the first microfluidic microporous channel 3 and the second microfluidic microporous channel 4 are porous structures. While playing a supporting role, the porous structure can also ensure the diffusion of the mixed combustion gas and a large amount of hot fluid, and at the same time realize the contact reaction between the mixed combustion gas and the catalyst. The porous structure can also ensure the fluidity of the catalyst and prevent the catalyst from caking due to long-term stacking. At the same time, a large amount of hot fluid generated by the reaction in the catalytic combustor 2 can easily enter the reforming hydrogen generator 1 through the heat transfer material, uniformly providing heat for the hydrogen production reaction in the reforming hydrogen generator 1.

[0049] The reactor further includes an inlet 7 and an outlet 8. The inlet 7 is connected to the top of the reforming hydrogen generator 1 and is used to introduce the methanol aqueous solution; the outlet 8 is connected to the bottom of the reforming hydrogen generator 1 and is used to discharge the hydrogen generated by the reaction; a first partition 9 is provided between the inlet 7 and the top of the catalytic combustor 2; a second partition 10 is provided between the outlet 8 and the bottom of the catalytic combustor 2; the first partition 9 and the second partition 10 are used to enclose the catalytic combustor 2, so that after the methanol aqueous solution is introduced into the inlet 7, it directly enters the space between the catalytic combustor 2 and the reforming hydrogen generator 1 to carry out the reforming hydrogen production reaction. After the reaction is completed, the hydrogen produced is directly discharged from the outlet 8.

[0050] During operation, the mixed combustion gas enters the second microchannel 4 through the intake pipe 5. The mixed combustion gas diffuses from the second microchannel 4 to the first microchannel 3 and undergoes a chemical reaction under the catalytic action of the combustion catalyst. A large amount of hot fluid generated by the reaction diffuses from the catalytic combustor 2 to the reforming hydrogen generator 1. An aqueous methanol solution is introduced into the reforming hydrogen generator 1. The aqueous methanol solution undergoes a chemical reaction under the action of a large amount of hot fluid, the reforming hydrogen production catalyst, and its carrier to produce hydrogen. Throughout the process, the temperature can be controlled by changing the ratio of the combustion catalyst and its carrier in the catalytic combustor 2, as well as the ratio of methanol, oxygen, and nitrogen in the introduced mixed combustion gas.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] This example discloses a power generation system based on a reforming hydrogen generator for an aqueous methanol solution, as Figure 3 shown, which specifically includes: a fuel tank 11, a flow distribution valve 12, a total control unit 13, a fuel cell 14, and a reforming hydrogen generator for an aqueous methanol solution disclosed in Example 1.

[0053] Specifically, the fuel tank 11 is connected to the reforming hydrogen generator for an aqueous methanol solution and is used to supply the mixed combustion gas and the aqueous methanol solution to the reforming hydrogen generator for an aqueous methanol solution. Among them, the fuel tank 11 is divided into a mixed combustion gas tank and an aqueous methanol solution tank. The reforming hydrogen generator for an aqueous methanol solution is connected to the fuel cell 14 and is used to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell 14. Since the hydrogen generated by the reaction contains a large amount of carbon dioxide, the hydrogen needs to be purified and the impurities removed before being introduced into the fuel cell. The flow distribution valve 12 is respectively connected to the fuel tank 11 and the reforming hydrogen generator for an aqueous methanol solution and is used to control the flow rates of the mixed combustion gas and the aqueous methanol solution entering the reforming hydrogen generator for an aqueous methanol solution. Among them, the flow distribution valve 12 includes a combustion flow distribution valve 121 and a reforming flow distribution valve 122. The combustion flow distribution valve 121 is used to control the flow rate of the mixed combustion gas entering the reforming hydrogen generator for an aqueous methanol solution from the mixed combustion gas tank, and the reforming flow distribution valve 122 is used to control the flow rate of the aqueous methanol solution entering the reforming hydrogen generator for an aqueous methanol solution from the aqueous methanol solution tank. The total control unit 13 is respectively connected to the flow distribution valve 12 and the reforming hydrogen generator for an aqueous methanol solution and is used to control the conduction intensity of the flow distribution valve 12 and the working state of the reforming hydrogen generator for an aqueous methanol solution. The working state of the reforming hydrogen generator for an aqueous methanol solution has two states: working or not working. The fuel cell 14 is used to convert the hydrogen provided by the reforming hydrogen generator for an aqueous methanol solution into electrical energy.

[0054] Further, a fuel filling port 111, a solenoid valve 112, a pressure gauge 113, a liquid level gauge 114, and a fuel emergency discharge valve 115 are also provided on the fuel tank 11. The fuel filling port 111 is used to add the required fuel to the fuel tank 11; the solenoid valve 112, connected to the fuel filling port 111, is used to control the flow rate of the fuel introduced; the pressure gauge 113 is used to monitor the air pressure inside the fuel tank 11; the liquid level gauge 114 is used to monitor the fuel quantity inside the fuel tank 11; and the fuel emergency discharge valve 115 is used to discharge the fuel inside the fuel tank 11 in case of danger.

[0055] In addition, the power generation system further includes a common rail distribution pipe, which includes a single main pipe and a plurality of branch pipes. The main pipe is connected to the fuel tank 11. When the number of methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactors is multiple, the plurality of branch pipes can be used to connect to the multiple methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactors respectively, and the plurality of branch pipes supply mixed combustion gas to the multiple methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactors respectively.

[0056] Embodiment 3

[0057] This embodiment discloses the practical application of a methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor and a power generation system, as Figure 4 shown. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0058] First, the fuel tank 11 and a plurality of methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactors are connected by using the common rail distribution pipe. The power generation system needs to control the plurality of methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactors to complete the power generation process through the master control unit 13.

[0059] The master control unit 13 controls the flow rate of the mixed combustion gas entering the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor by controlling the combustion distribution valve 121. In the catalytic combustor 2 of the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor, the catalytic combustion reaction of the mixed combustion gas mainly occurs to ensure the working temperature in the reforming hydrogen production device 1 of the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor. The combustion process is as follows:

[0060] CH 3 OH + 1.5O 2 (g) = 2H 2 O(g) + CO 2 (g).

[0061] In the reforming hydrogen production device 1 of the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor, the master control unit 13 controls the flow rate of the methanol aqueous solution entering the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor by controlling the reforming distribution valve 122. The methanol aqueous solution entering through the inflow port 7 is heated by the heat conducted by the catalytic combustor, and thus a catalytic reforming reaction occurs to generate hydrogen. The reforming process is as follows:

[0062] CH 3 OH + H2 O=CO 2 +3H 2 。

[0063] The hydrogen generated by the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor is introduced into the fuel cell to form a fuel cell power generation system. To meet the actual power demand, multiple methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactors are added and flexibly arranged. The master control unit comprehensively controls multiple methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactors to form a fuel cell power generation system with adjustable power. The master control unit reasonably regulates the flow rate of the methanol aqueous solution through the feedback information of flow rate, hydrogen volume fraction ratio, and temperature change, and then controls the reaction rate of the methanol aqueous solution reforming hydrogen production reactor to achieve the goal of controlling the stability of catalytic hydrogen production.

[0064] The working mode of "on-site hydrogen production and immediate use" provides a solution for the miniaturization development of fuel cells. The so-called "on-site hydrogen production and immediate use" is to store hydrogen energy in the liquid form of methanol, and when electric energy is needed, hydrogen is prepared by the methanol reforming chemical reaction, and the hydrogen energy is converted into electric energy through the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell. As the best hydrogen carrier currently known to humans, methanol fuel cells that do not rely on high-pressure and low-temperature transportation and distribution systems, filling systems, and complex hydrogen storage systems will have an extremely wide application market.

[0065] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. For the same or similar parts between the embodiments, reference can be made to each other.

[0066] Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, based on the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen production reactor by reforming methanol aqueous solution, characterized in that, it includes: a reforming hydrogen production device, a catalytic combustor, a first microfluidic microporous channel, a second microfluidic microporous channel, an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe; the catalytic combustor is embedded in the reforming hydrogen production device, the first microfluidic microporous channel is embedded in the catalytic combustor, and the second microfluidic microporous channel is embedded in the first microfluidic microporous channel; the reforming hydrogen production device, the catalytic combustor, the first microfluidic microporous channel and the second microfluidic microporous channel are all located on the same central axis; a plurality of air inlets are evenly arranged on the second microfluidic microporous channel, and a plurality of air outlets are evenly arranged on the catalytic combustor; the plurality of air inlets are respectively connected to the inlet pipe, and the plurality of air outlets are respectively connected to the outlet pipe; by providing a plurality of air inlets, the mixed combustion gas introduced from the inlet pipe can be evenly distributed in the upper, middle and lower parts of the second microfluidic microporous channel, reducing the internal temperature difference of the catalytic combustor; providing a plurality of air outlets enables the large amount of hot fluid generated by the reaction in the first microfluidic microporous channel to fully flow, reducing the internal temperature difference of the catalytic combustor; the second microfluidic microporous channel is used for introducing mixed combustion gas; the gap between the second microfluidic microporous channel and the first microfluidic microporous channel is used for placing combustion catalyst; the gap between the first microfluidic microporous channel and the catalytic combustor is used for discharging combustion tail gas; a heat transfer layer is filled between the catalytic combustor and the reforming hydrogen production device; during the working process, the mixed combustion gas enters the second microfluidic microporous channel through the inlet pipe, the mixed combustion gas diffuses from the second microfluidic microporous channel to the first microfluidic microporous channel, and a chemical reaction occurs under the catalytic action of the combustion catalyst; the large amount of hot fluid generated by the reaction diffuses from the catalytic combustor to the reforming hydrogen production device; methanol aqueous solution is introduced into the reforming hydrogen production device; the methanol aqueous solution undergoes a chemical reaction and produces hydrogen under the catalytic action of the large amount of hot fluid and the reforming hydrogen production catalyst; the reactor further includes an inflow port and an outflow port; the inflow port is connected to the top end of the reforming hydrogen production device, and the inflow port is used for introducing methanol aqueous solution; the outflow port is connected to the bottom end of the reforming hydrogen production device, and the outflow port is used for discharging the hydrogen generated by the reaction; a first partition is provided between the inflow port and the top end of the catalytic combustor; a second partition is provided between the outflow port and the bottom end of the catalytic combustor; the first partition and the second partition are used to seal the catalytic combustor, so that after the methanol aqueous solution is introduced into the inflow port, it directly enters the reforming hydrogen production device.

2. The hydrogen production reactor by reforming methanol aqueous solution according to claim 1, characterized in that, the wall of the catalytic combustor is a porous structure or a wire mesh structure.

3. The hydrogen production reactor by reforming methanol aqueous solution according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first microfluidic microporous channel and the second microfluidic microporous channel are porous structures, and the porous structures are used to ensure the diffusivity of gas and the fluidity of materials, and improve the heat exchange efficiency.

4. A power generation system based on a hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming, characterized in that, it includes: a fuel tank, a flow distribution valve, a total control unit, a fuel cell, and a hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming according to any one of claims 1-3; the fuel tank is connected to the hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming and is used to provide a mixed combustion gas and methanol aqueous solution for the hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming; the hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming is connected to the fuel cell and is used to provide hydrogen for the fuel cell; the flow distribution valve is respectively connected to the fuel tank and the hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming and is used to control the flow rates of the mixed combustion gas and methanol aqueous solution entering the hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming; the total control unit is respectively connected to the flow distribution valve and the hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming and is used to control the conduction intensity of the flow distribution valve and the working state of the hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming; the working state is that the hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming works or does not work; the fuel cell is used to convert the hydrogen provided by the hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming into electric energy.

5. The power generation system based on a hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming according to claim 4, characterized in that, the number of the hydrogen production reactors for methanol aqueous solution reforming is single or multiple.

6. The power generation system based on a hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming according to claim 5, characterized in that, the power generation system further includes a common rail distribution pipe, the common rail distribution pipe includes a single main pipe and multiple branch pipes, the main pipe is connected to the fuel tank, and when the number of the hydrogen production reactors for methanol aqueous solution reforming is multiple, the multiple branch pipes are respectively connected to the multiple reactors.

7. The power generation system based on a hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming according to claim 4, characterized in that, the flow distribution valve includes a combustion flow distribution valve and a reforming flow distribution valve, the combustion flow distribution valve is used to control the flow rate of the mixed combustion gas entering the hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming, and the reforming flow distribution valve is used to control the flow rate of the methanol aqueous solution entering the hydrogen production reactor for methanol aqueous solution reforming.

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