Damping and early warning system and emergency warning method for rock drill rod drive

Abstract

The application discloses a damping-warning system and an emergency warning method for a drill rod transmission of a rock drill. The damping-warning system has two functions: one is damping for a rebound process of the drill rod; and the other is avoiding the system from continuing to violently impact when a brittle fracture and a falling fragment occur at the end of the drill rod, so that the rock drill is maximally protected. The two functions are realized through fluid transmission, and both functions are achieved at one time. According to the warning function of the system, the application further designs an emergency warning method. When an inner end surface of the drill rod suddenly has a brittle fracture and a falling drill rod fragment, the system can perform emergency flood discharge. The application does not need an external power source, has a stable structure and is high in engineering application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a vibration reduction and early warning protection method for rock drills to prevent sudden damage to the drill rod. Specifically, it refers to a vibration reduction method for the rock drill rod during its rebound process, and a method to prevent further impact damage after the drill rod tip fractures and breaks into fragments. This invention belongs to the field of rock drill protection and vibration reduction, and provides a vibration reduction-early warning system and emergency early warning method for the transmission process of a rock drill rod. Background Technology

[0002] A rock drill is an important piece of engineering machinery, commonly used in tunnel excavation and mining. Its specific function is to drill holes in rock to create openings for subsequent blasting with explosives. The drill bit is one of the key components of a rock drill.

[0003] The working principle of a rock drill is impact crushing. Hydraulic power drives the piston rod of the cylinder to reciprocate. During this reciprocating motion, the front end of the piston rod intermittently impacts the chisel rod, which transmits the impact force to the rock, thus crushing it.

[0004] Two problems are frequently encountered when operating a rock drill:

[0005] (1) System vibration problem:

[0006] Rock drills generate strong vibrations during operation in two processes: first, the vibration generated when the piston rod strikes the chisel, and the chisel strikes the rock; second, the vibration generated when the chisel rebounds from the rock and strikes the piston rod. The former vibration is necessary for the rock drill to break the rock; the latter vibration is unhelpful and should be reduced.

[0007] The difficulty lies in the fact that the process of the drill rod impacting the rock and the process of the drill rod rebounding are almost simultaneous, with a very short time difference between the two actions. This means that the impact piston of the hydraulic cylinder does not have enough time to retract, so the drill rod rebounding will almost inevitably impact the impact piston, thus generating vibration. This vibration is difficult to avoid, and given this difficulty, there is relatively little research in the industry on vibration reduction during the drill rod rebound process. The few relevant studies include a small number of external pneumatic or external hydraulic vibration reduction methods. These methods have certain drawbacks, such as adding an external power source, making the equipment more complex; and compatibility issues between the external independent vibration reduction system and the working process of the rock drill.

[0008] (2) Problems with sudden damage to the drill rod:

[0009] The drill rod is a consumable part; its rear end is installed in the rock drill and constantly bears the impact of the drill piston. Therefore, the drill rod frequently encounters deformation and damage. A particularly serious issue is that the drill rod tip may suddenly fracture due to fatigue. If these brittle fragments fall, they can directly cause severe internal impact damage. This situation seriously threatens the lifespan of the rock drill. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the problems and needs existing in the background art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a vibration reduction and early warning system and an emergency early warning method for the transmission process of a rock drill bit. This invention proposes a novel vibration reduction and protection mechanism. This transmission, relying on internal fluid, can both prevent the drill bit from directly impacting the piston when it rebounds, thereby reducing vibration; and detect the presence of falling debris in advance when the drill bit suddenly fractures, releasing the fluid pressure in advance and cutting off the transmission, thus preventing violent impacts inside the rock drill and causing damage.

[0011] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0012] I. A vibration damping and early warning system for rock drill rod transmission

[0013] The shock absorption and early warning system includes an outer shell, an impact module, a buffer module, an impact device, and a drill rod. The impact module and the drill rod are respectively installed at both ends inside the outer shell. The buffer module and the impact device are both installed inside the outer shell. The buffer module is located close to the impact module and is connected to the impact module. The impact device is located close to the drill rod. The impact module, the impact device, and the drill rod are slidable inside the outer shell. The buffer module is fixedly installed inside the outer shell. The space between the impact module and the buffer module, as well as between the buffer module and the impact device, is filled with a transmission fluid.

[0014] The impact module includes an impact disc, a transmission piston, and an impact piston. The impact disc is slidably and sealably disposed at one end inside the outer cylinder of the housing. One end of the transmission piston is slidably and sealably disposed in the impact disc. The other end of the transmission piston extends inward and is slidably and sealably disposed in the buffer module. The impact piston is slidably disposed inside the outer cylinder of the housing at the outer end of the impact disc. Multiple vent holes are provided on the circumferential side of the outer cylinder between the impact piston and the impact disc. The diameter of the impact piston is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer cylinder of the housing.

[0015] The buffer module includes a shell ring rib, a shell inner cylinder, a first one-way valve group, a second one-way valve group, a third one-way valve group, and a fourth one-way valve group;

[0016] The inner cylinder of the shell is fixedly installed inside the outer cylinder of the shell by the shell ring rib. The cavity between the outer cylinder, the inner cylinder, the shell ring rib and the impact device is referred to as the fourth fluid cavity. The cavity between the outer cylinder, the inner cylinder, the shell ring rib and the impact module is referred to as the first fluid cavity. The end of the impact module is slidably and sealably installed inside the inner cylinder of the shell. The impact device is coaxially installed with the inner cylinder of the shell. The impact device part is slidably and sealably installed inside the inner cylinder of the shell, and the remaining part of the impact device is slidably and sealably installed inside the outer cylinder of the shell.

[0017] The chamber between the inner cylinder of the housing and the impact module is designated as the second fluid cavity, and the chamber between the inner cylinder of the housing and the impact device is designated as the third fluid cavity. All four fluid cavities (first, second, third, and fourth) are filled with a transmission fluid. A first one-way valve assembly is installed on the end face of the inner cylinder where the impact module is located, allowing the transmission fluid in the first fluid cavity to flow unidirectionally to the second fluid cavity. A second one-way valve assembly is also installed on the outer circumferential side of the inner cylinder near the impact module, allowing the transmission fluid in the second fluid cavity to flow unidirectionally to the first fluid cavity. A third one-way valve assembly is installed in the housing ring ribs, allowing the transmission fluid in the first fluid cavity to flow unidirectionally to the fourth fluid cavity. A fourth one-way valve assembly is also installed in the housing ring ribs, allowing the transmission fluid in the fourth fluid cavity to flow unidirectionally to the third fluid cavity.

[0018] The first, second, third, and fourth check valve groups are each composed of multiple check valves, which are installed at intervals along the circumference in the housing ring ribs or the inner cylinder of the housing. Each check valve consists of a valve core and a spring, with the spring sleeved outside the valve core. The housing ring ribs or the inner cylinder of the housing have irregularly shaped holes with smooth inner walls, which serve as mounting holes for the check valve core and the spring.

[0019] When the end face of the impact module contacts the inner end face of the inner cylinder of the housing, the position of the impact module on the circumferential side of the inner cylinder of the housing does not coincide with the position of the second one-way valve group, so that the second one-way valve group is in an openable state.

[0020] The positions of each check valve in the third check valve group correspond one-to-one with those in the fourth check valve group, and the control direction of each check valve in the third check valve group is perpendicular to that of the corresponding check valve in the fourth check valve group. When the third check valve group is in the open state, it controls the state of the fourth check valve group, so that the fourth check valve group is in the closed state.

[0021] The impact device includes an impact disk, a ring magnet, a bearing, a rotating shaft, a trigger, a pressure relief sensor, and a pneumatic column;

[0022] The impact plate is composed of a first connecting post and a second connecting post connected coaxially in sequence. The diameter of the first connecting post is smaller than the diameter of the second connecting post. The first connecting post is slidably and sealably disposed inside the buffer module. The second connecting post is slidably and sealably disposed inside the outer cylinder of the housing. A ring magnet is installed in the end face of the second connecting post near the buffer module. The ring magnet is disposed near the first connecting post.

[0023] The first connecting column has a vacuum chamber inside, and the second connecting column has a shaft mounting chamber inside. The shaft is mounted in the shaft mounting chamber via bearings, and a pressure relief sensor is fixedly mounted on the end of the shaft near the vacuum chamber. The shaft mounting chamber includes two bearing chambers, a lever space, and a sealing chamber. The shaft is sequentially divided into a first fixed section, a connecting section, a sealing section, and a second fixed section. The first fixed section and the second fixed section are respectively mounted in the two bearing chambers via corresponding bearings.

[0024] A lever is installed on the connecting section, and the lever is located in the lever space. Mounting grooves are respectively opened on both sides of the end face of the second connecting post near the drill rod. A stepped hole is also opened in the second connecting post under each mounting groove. A trigger is installed in each mounting groove and the corresponding stepped hole. Internal channels are respectively opened in the second connecting posts on both sides of the lever space. Each internal channel communicates with the corresponding stepped hole. A corresponding pneumatic column is installed in each internal channel. One end of each pneumatic column is located in the internal channel and can slide in a sealed manner within the internal channel. The other end of each pneumatic column extends out of the internal channel and contacts the side of the lever. The sealing section is located in the sealing cavity, providing a seal. The section can rotate within the sealed cavity. A rotating shaft bore is formed within the sealed section, communicating with the vacuum cavity. Multiple pressure relief holes are formed within the sealed section, each arranged radially and circumferentially, and interconnected. Multiple pressure relief channels are formed within the second connecting column, with their inlets arranged circumferentially within the cavity wall of the sealed cavity. The relative positions of the inlets of the multiple pressure relief channels are the same as those of the multiple pressure relief holes. Each pressure relief hole and its corresponding pressure relief channel inlet are on the same cross-section but staggered. The outlets of the multiple pressure relief channels are located on the end face of the second connecting column near the first connecting column.

[0025] The inner ports of the two built-in channels are located above or below the axis and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axis, while the outer ports of the two built-in channels are symmetrically arranged about the axis.

[0026] Initially, each pressure relief hole is not connected to the inlet of the corresponding pressure relief channel; when the inner end face of the drill rod suddenly cracks and the drill rod fragments fall off, each pressure relief hole is connected to the inlet of the corresponding pressure relief channel, so that the vacuum chamber is connected to the fourth fluid cavity.

[0027] II. An emergency warning method for a vibration damping and early warning system in rock drill rod drive.

[0028] When the inner end face of the drill rod suddenly fractures and fragments fall off, the impact device contacts the drill rod, pushing the trigger at the bottom into the impact device. This inward movement of the trigger compresses the gas in the corresponding internal channel, creating a pressure difference between the two internal channels. The pneumatic column in the channel with the higher pressure moves towards the pneumatic column in the channel with the higher pressure, simultaneously driving the shaft to rotate via a lever. During shaft rotation, when the pressure relief hole connects to the inlet of the corresponding pressure relief channel, the transmission fluid in the fourth fluid chamber flows sequentially through the pressure relief channel, pressure relief hole, and the inner hole of the shaft into the vacuum chamber, thus cutting off the force transmission between the impact piston and the drill rod. Simultaneously, the pressure relief sensor on the shaft collects the fluid pressure. Once the pressure relief sensor collects the fluid pressure, it sends a stop signal, providing early warning of sudden malfunctions in the rock drill.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0030] (i) The structural components of the present invention are all internal, thus freeing them from the constraints of external power sources;

[0031] (ii) This invention avoids direct impact on the hydraulic cylinder piston rod during the rebound of the drill rod, thus reducing system vibration;

[0032] (III) This invention provides early warning of whether the drill rod will crack and deform and produce falling pieces. If the drill rod is damaged, the system will avoid violent impact by depressurizing the transmission fluid, thus protecting the rock drill's structural components to the greatest extent. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the overall structure.

[0034] Figure 2 This is the main sectional view.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the shell structure.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the valve core.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of an impact piston.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a sectional view of the piston sleeve.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the impact disk.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the impact disk.

[0041] Figure 9 This is a diagram of the rotating shaft structure.

[0042] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the disassembly and assembly of the impact device components.

[0043] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the impact device.

[0044] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the impact device.

[0045] Figure 13 This is a diagram showing the distribution of the cavities.

[0046] Figure 14 This is a magnified view of the piston sleeve in its extreme position.

[0047] Figure 15 The operating principle diagram is shown in Figure 1.

[0048] Figure 16 This is the operating principle diagram (II).

[0049] Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional view of the impact device.

[0050] Figure 18 The operating principle diagram (III).

[0051] Figure 19 The operating principle diagram is shown in Part Four.

[0052] Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating the principle of equal volume flow.

[0053] Figure 21 The operating principle diagram is shown in Part 5.

[0054] Figure 22 This is a diagram illustrating the principle of vibration reduction.

[0055] Figure 23 The operating principle diagram is shown in section six.

[0056] Figure 24 The operating principle diagram is shown in section seven.

[0057] Figure 25 The operating principle diagram is shown in Figure 8.

[0058] Figure 26 This is a diagram illustrating the pressure relief principle.

[0059] In the diagram: 1. Housing; 2. Impact disc; 3. Drive piston; 4. Piston sleeve; 5. Impact disc; 6. Ring magnet; 7. Impact piston; 8. Drill rod; 9. Valve core; 11. Outer cylinder of housing; 12. Ring rib of housing; 13. Inner cylinder of housing; 14. Vent hole; 15. Bearing; 16. Shaft; 17. Trigger; 18. Pressure relief sensor; 19. Pneumatic column; 20. Early warning sensor; 21. Impact device; 22. Air groove; 23. Arc-shaped concave surface; 24. Arc-shaped gap; 25. Conical gap; 26. Circular gap; 81. Drill rod fragments; 501. Mounting groove; 502. Vacuum chamber; 503. Circular hole; 504 Pressure relief channel; 505 Sealing cavity; 506 Internal channel; 507 Bearing cavity; 508 Stepped hole; 509 Lever space; 510 Clearance hole; 161 First fixed section; 162 Connecting section; 163 Sealing section; 164 Second fixed section; 165 Lever; 166 Rotary shaft inner hole; 167 Pressure relief hole; A First check valve group; B Second check valve group; C Third check valve group; D Fourth check valve group; S1 First fluid cavity; S2 Second fluid cavity; S3 Third fluid cavity; S4 Fourth fluid cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, a detailed description is provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0061] This invention discloses a vibration reduction and early warning system and an emergency early warning method for the drill bit transmission process of a rock drill, such as... Figures 1 to 26 This is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] The shock absorption and early warning system includes an outer shell 11, an impact module, a buffer module, an impact device 21, and a drill rod 8. The impact module and drill rod 8 are respectively located at both ends of the outer shell 11. Both the buffer module and the impact device 21 are located inside the outer shell 11. The buffer module is positioned close to and connected to the impact module. The impact device 21 is positioned close to the drill rod 8. The function of the impact device is to receive the power transmitted by the transmission fluid and transmit it to the drill rod 8. The drill rod 8 is the final output mechanism of the rock drill and the final actuator of the impact force. Figure 1 The outer surface of the end face of the drill rod 8 has grooves to balance the pressure difference between the inside and outside. The impact module, the impact device 21, and the drill rod 8 are slidable within the outer cylinder 11 of the housing, with the impact device 21 being able to slide in a sealed manner within the outer cylinder 11. The buffer module is fixedly installed within the outer cylinder 11, and the space between the impact module and the buffer module, as well as between the buffer module and the impact device 21, is filled with a transmission fluid. The transmission fluid is a low-viscosity, lightweight, and incompressible fluid.

[0063] The impact module includes an impact disc 2, a transmission piston 3, a piston sleeve 4, and an impact piston 7. The impact disc 2 is slidably and sealably disposed at one end within the outer cylinder 11 of the housing. The inner wall of the outer cylinder 11 is a smooth inner wall, allowing for slidable sealing with other structures. An axial through hole is formed in the middle of the impact disc 2. The inner wall of the through hole is smooth, and the diameter of the through hole is equal to the diameter of the right end of the transmission piston 3. Figure 2 As shown. One end of the transmission piston 3 is slidably and sealably disposed in the impact disc 2. The other end of the transmission piston 3 is fitted with a piston sleeve 4 and extends inward, then slidably and sealably disposed in the inner cylinder 13 of the buffer module housing. The impact piston 7 is slidably disposed in the outer cylinder 11 of the housing at the outer end of the impact disc 2. The impact piston 7 is the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder and is the source of the impact force when the rock drill is working. Figure 1 The diameter of the impact piston is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer cylinder 11. Multiple vent holes 14 are spaced circumferentially on the side of the outer cylinder 11 between the impact piston 7 and the impact disc 2. The function of the vent holes 14 is to achieve air pressure balance and prevent the influence of internal and external air pressure differences. After the impact piston 7 impacts the impact disc 2 inward, it drives the impact disc 2 and the transmission piston 3 to slide inward.

[0064] like Figure 5 As shown, the impact disc 2 is annular in shape and is installed inside the housing 1, specifically inside the outer cylinder 11 of the housing, near the right side. The outer wall of the impact disc 2 is smooth, and its outer diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the outer cylinder 11, allowing the impact disc 2 to slide in a sealed manner relative to the outer cylinder 11. The right end face of the impact disc is provided with air grooves, including dispersive and annular air grooves, which are interconnected. The function of the air grooves is to achieve pressure balance and prevent pressure differences from having an impact. The impact disc 2 bears the impact force of the impact piston 7, slides to the left, and squeezes the transmission fluid to the left. During this process, the impact disc 2 slides in a sealed manner within the outer cylinder 11 of the housing, and the right end of the transmission piston 3 also slides in a sealed manner within the through hole of the impact disc 2. During the movement of the impact disc, due to the air grooves ( Figure 5 The function of ) and vent 14 ( Figure 3 The internal air pressure is always kept in balance with the external air pressure to avoid the influence of air pressure difference.

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, the transmission piston 3 is dumbbell-shaped, with the thickest end on the right, the thinnest in the middle, and a moderate diameter on the left. The outer surface of the transmission piston 3 is smooth throughout. Specifically, the right end of the transmission piston 3 inserts into the axial through-hole of the impact disc 2, and its outer diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the central hole of the impact disc 2, allowing for relative sealing and sliding. Also specifically, the middle section of the transmission piston 3 is a long and slender section, with a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the circular through-hole on the right end face of the inner cylinder 13 of the housing. Furthermore, the diameter of the axial through-hole of the impact disc 2 is equal to the inner diameter of the inner cylinder 13 of the housing, the outer diameter of the right end of the transmission piston 3, and the outer diameter of the piston sleeve 4.

[0066] The buffer module includes a housing ring rib 12, a housing inner cylinder 13, a first one-way valve group A, a second one-way valve group B, a third one-way valve group C, and a fourth one-way valve group D;

[0067] The inner cylinder 13 is made of metal and is fixedly installed inside the outer cylinder 11 by a shell ring rib 12. The outer cylinder 11 and the inner cylinder 13 are spatially coaxial. The length of the outer cylinder 11 is much greater than the length of the inner cylinder 13. The shell ring rib 12 is located at a relatively midpoint along the length of both the outer cylinder 11 and the inner cylinder 13. The inner wall of the inner cylinder 13 is a smooth inner wall, allowing for sealed sliding with other structural components. The left end face of the inner cylinder 13 is completely open, while the right end face is partially closed. Figure 3 A through hole and a corresponding 45-degree chamfer are provided at the center axis of the right end face. The inner walls are smooth. The diameter of the through hole is much smaller than the inner diameter of the inner cylinder 13 of the shell, and slightly larger than the piston rod diameter of the transmission piston 3. Figure 2 The shell ring rib 12 is circular in shape and is used to fix and connect the outer shell cylinder 11 and the inner shell cylinder 13. The left and right end faces of the shell ring rib 12 are perpendicular to the axis of the shell 1. In a specific implementation, the outer shell cylinder 11, the shell ring rib 12, and the inner shell cylinder 13 together form the shell 1, making the shell 1 a composite structure with a double-layered cylindrical cavity, such as... Figure 3 (a) and Figure 3 As shown in (b). The housing 1 serves as the mounting reference for the entire structure, and all structural components are installed inside the housing 1. The housing 1 is made of carbon steel.

[0068] The cavity between the outer shell 11, the inner shell 13, the shell ring rib 12, and the impact disk 5 of the impact device 21 is designated as the fourth fluid cavity S4. The cavity between the outer shell 11, the inner shell 13, the shell ring rib 12, and the transmission piston 3 of the impact module is designated as the first fluid cavity S1. One end of the transmission piston 3 of the impact module is always slidably and sealably disposed within the inner shell 13. A step is provided at one end of the inner shell 13 to limit the return of the transmission piston 3. Figure 1 As shown, this allows the transmission piston 3 to be in the right limit position within the inner cylinder 13 of the housing. The impact disc 5 of the impact device 21 is coaxially arranged with the inner cylinder 13 of the housing. A portion of the impact disc 5 of the impact device 21 is always slidably and sealably disposed within the inner cylinder 13 of the housing, while the remaining portion of the impact disc 5 of the impact device 21 is slidably and sealably disposed within the outer cylinder 11 of the housing.

[0069] The chamber between the inner cylinder 13 of the housing and the transmission piston 3 of the impact module is designated as the second fluid chamber S2. The chamber between the inner cylinder 13 of the housing and the impact disc 5 of the impact device 21 is designated as the third fluid chamber S3. The first fluid chamber S1, the second fluid chamber S2, the third fluid chamber S3, and the fourth fluid chamber S4 are all filled with transmission fluid. Other components or locations in the system are not filled with transmission fluid. A first one-way valve group A is installed on the end face of the inner cylinder 13 where the transmission piston 3 of the impact module is located. The transmission fluid in the first fluid chamber S1 passes through the first one-way valve group A. The valve group A is connected to the second fluid cavity S2 in one direction; a second one-way valve group B is also installed on the outer circumferential side of the inner cylinder 13 of the shell near the impact module end, and the transmission fluid in the second fluid cavity S2 is connected to the first fluid cavity S1 in one direction through the second one-way valve group B; a third one-way valve group C is installed in the shell ring rib 12, so that the transmission fluid in the first fluid cavity S1 is connected to the fourth fluid cavity S4 in one direction through the third one-way valve group C; a fourth one-way valve group D is also installed in the shell ring rib 12, so that the transmission fluid in the fourth fluid cavity S4 is connected to the third fluid cavity S3 in one direction through the fourth one-way valve group D.

[0070] The first check valve group A, the second check valve group B, the third check valve group C, and the fourth check valve group D are each composed of multiple check valves, which are installed circumferentially in the housing ring rib 12 or the housing inner cylinder 13. Each check valve consists of a valve core 9 and a spring, with the spring sleeved outside the valve core 9. A shaped hole with a smooth inner wall is provided in the housing ring rib 12 or the housing inner cylinder 13. The shaped hole serves to accommodate and assemble the check valve core, acting as a mounting hole for both the check valve core and the spring. The structure of the valve core 9 is as follows... Figure 4 As shown, it includes a sealing end and a conducting end. The sealing end is a plug-like structure with a 45-degree chamfer, which can completely fit with the chamfer at the corresponding position of the irregular hole to achieve a seal; the conducting end is a hollow cylindrical cavity structure with some conducting holes around the cylinder.

[0071] When the end face of one end of the drive piston 3 of the impact module contacts the inner end face of the inner cylinder 13 of the housing, the position of the drive piston 3 on the circumferential side of the inner cylinder 13 of the impact module does not coincide with the position of the second one-way valve group B, so that the second one-way valve group B is in an openable state. When the end of the drive piston 3 moves to the left, so that the irregular hole on which the second one-way valve group B is installed is blocked by the end of the drive piston 3, the second one-way valve group B is always closed.

[0072] Each check valve in the third check valve group C corresponds one-to-one with each check valve in the fourth check valve group D; that is, check valve groups C and D are installed in pairs. Furthermore, the control direction of each check valve in the third check valve group C is perpendicular to the corresponding check valve in the fourth check valve group D, and the conduction direction of each check valve in the third check valve group C is parallel to the axial direction; that is, the conduction direction of each check valve in the fourth check valve group D is perpendicular to the axial direction. When the third check valve group C is in the open state, it controls the state of the fourth check valve group D, causing the fourth check valve group D to be in the closed state. The opening and closing of the third check valve group C is not affected by the opening and closing of the fourth check valve group D. In other words, the basis for the conduction of the third check valve group C is that the pressure in the first fluid cavity S1 is greater than the pressure in the fourth fluid cavity S4; however, the prerequisite for the conduction of the fourth check valve group D is that the third check valve group C is closed.

[0073] Piston sleeve 4 is a horizontal cylindrical shape with a smooth outer surface. Figure 6 The diameter of piston sleeve 4 is equal to the inner diameter of the inner cylinder 13 of the housing, and the two can slide relative to each other in a sealed manner. The left end face of piston sleeve 4 is a circular plane, and the contact end face between piston sleeve 4, which is fitted over the transmission piston 3, and the inner cylinder 13 of the buffer module housing is set as an arc-shaped concave surface 23 (i.e., the right end face is an arc-shaped concave surface). The right end face is not blocked, and a cavity is provided inside the piston sleeve to facilitate assembly with the left end of the transmission piston 3, so that when the end face of the transmission piston 3 is in contact with the end face of the inner cylinder 13 of the buffer module housing, when the transmission piston 3 is in the right limit position ( Figure 14 A certain gap can be retained at the arc-shaped end face, that is, an arc-shaped gap 24 is formed between the two. A certain amount of transmission fluid can be stored in the arc-shaped gap to avoid the phenomenon of "delay" when the transmission piston starts.

[0074] A chamfer is provided at the end between the transmission piston 3 and the inner cylinder 13 of the buffer module housing, and a chamfer is also provided on the inner circumferential side surface between the inner cylinder 13 of the buffer module housing and the end of the transmission piston 3, that is, the shape of the left end is irregular. Figure 2 The irregular shape serves to achieve a close fit with the piston sleeve 4. After the transmission piston 3 and piston sleeve 4 are assembled, they are inserted into the inner cylinder 13 of the housing. After assembly, a conical gap 25 and an annular gap 26 are formed sequentially between the inner cylinder 13 of the buffer module and the end of the transmission piston 3. The transmission fluid in the first fluid cavity S1 also flows sequentially into the second fluid cavity S2 through the annular gap 26, the conical gap 25, and the arc-shaped gap 24 between the inner cylinder 13 of the buffer module and the transmission piston 3. The conical gap 25 has two functions: 1. Buffering effect: when the transmission piston moves to the right to near its limit position, the gap gradually decreases, and the oil flow rate gradually decreases, thus playing a buffering role; 2. Rapid start-up effect: when the transmission piston starts from the right limit position, some oil can quickly flow through the gap, avoiding the phenomenon of "delay" at the moment of transmission piston start-up.

[0075] like Figure 11 , Figure 10 , Figure 12 As shown, the impact device 21 includes an impact disk 5 and an annular magnet 6;

[0076] The impact disk 5 is composed of a first connecting post and a second connecting post connected coaxially in sequence. The diameter of the first connecting post is smaller than the diameter of the second connecting post, meaning the overall shape of the impact disk 5 is a boss. The diameter of the first connecting post is equal to the inner diameter of the outer shell 11, and the diameter of the second connecting post is equal to the inner diameter of the outer shell 11. Because the outer surface of the impact disk 5 is smooth, the first connecting post can always be slidably and sealingly installed inside the inner shell 13 of the buffer module, and the second connecting post can always be slidably and sealingly installed inside the outer shell 11. A circular hole 503 is opened in the end face of the second connecting post near the inner shell 13 of the buffer module. A ring magnet 6 is installed in the circular hole 503. The ring magnet 6 is positioned close to the first connecting post. Through the magnetic attraction between the ring magnet 6 and the left end face of the inner shell 13, the impact disk 5 is reset to the position where it fits against the left end face of the inner shell. When the impact disc 5 is in the right limit position, that is, when the second connecting post is in contact with the left end face of the inner cylinder 11 of the housing, the first connecting post extends into the inner cylinder 11 of the housing, but cannot block the irregular hole D of the fourth one-way valve assembly D installed on the housing ring rib 12. Figure 2 ).

[0077] The impact device 21 also includes a bearing 15, a rotating shaft 16, a trigger 17, a warning sensor 20, a pressure relief sensor 18, and a pneumatic column 19;

[0078] The first connecting column has a vacuum chamber 502 inside, and the second connecting column has a shaft mounting cavity. The vacuum chamber 502 communicates with the inner hole 166 of the shaft mounting cavity. The shaft 16 is mounted in the shaft mounting cavity via bearings 15, and the outer wall of the shaft 16 is smooth. A pressure relief sensor 18 is fixedly mounted on the end of the shaft 16 near the vacuum chamber 502. The shaft mounting cavity includes two bearing cavities 507, a clearance hole 510, a lever space 509, and a sealing cavity 505. The walls of all cavities or the holes are smooth. The shaft 16 is sequentially divided into a first fixed section 161, a connecting section 162, a sealing section 163, and a second fixed section 164. The first fixed section 161 and the second fixed section 164 are respectively mounted in the two bearing cavities 507 via corresponding bearings 15. The outer diameter of the first fixed section 161 is equal to the inner diameter of the bearing 15. The outer diameter of the second fixed section 164 is smaller than the inner diameter of the clearance hole 510 of the impact disc 5. The end of the rotating shaft 16 passes through the relief hole 510 and connects to the vacuum chamber 502.

[0079] A lever 165 is installed on the connecting section 162. The lever 165 is vertically located in the lever space 509. Mounting grooves 501 are respectively opened on both sides of the end face of the second connecting post near the drill rod 8. A stepped hole 508 is also opened in the second connecting post under each mounting groove 501. Figure 7 As shown, the left half of the stepped hole is a narrow section with a smooth inner wall, communicating with the mounting groove; the right half of the stepped hole is a wide section with a countersunk hole structure. Taking the plane containing the centerline of the lever cavity as section X, the cross-sectional view is shown below. Figure 8 As shown, each mounting slot 501 and corresponding stepped hole 508 houses a trigger 17. The trigger 17 consists of two structural parts fixedly connected together: the left half is fan-shaped, and the right half is a guide post. The outer wall of the guide post is smooth, as shown... Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown. The sector size of trigger 17 is slightly smaller than the size of the mounting groove 501 of impact disk 5. The thickness of the sector portion of trigger 17 is less than the depth of the mounting groove 501 of impact disk 5. The outer diameter of the guide post of the trigger is equal to the inner diameter of the narrow section of the stepped hole 508 of impact disk 5, and the lower part of trigger 17 can slide in a sealed manner within the stepped hole 508. In the initial position, the left end face of trigger 17 protrudes significantly from the left end face of impact disk 5. Figure 11 The X and Y planes are calibrated. The second connecting posts on both sides of the lever space 509 each have an internal channel 506. The internal channels 506 are S-shaped, with the same length. The inner ports of the two internal channels 506 are located above or below the axis and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axis. The outer ports of the two internal channels 506 are symmetrically arranged about the axis. Each internal channel 506 communicates with a corresponding stepped hole 508. Each internal channel 506 contains a corresponding pneumatic column 19, which is cylindrical with a smooth outer wall. Its outer diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the internal channel 506 of the impact disc 5. Figure 12 One end of each pneumatic column 19 is disposed within the built-in channel 506 and each pneumatic column 19 can slide in a sealed manner within the built-in channel 506. A warning sensor 20 is fixedly installed at one end of each pneumatic column 19, and the other end of each pneumatic column 19 extends out of the built-in channel 506 and contacts the side of the lever 165. The two pneumatic columns 19 are located above or below the axis, and the lever 165 rotates in the lever space 509.

[0080] The diameter of the sealing section 163 is larger than that of the connecting section 162. The sealing section 163 is located within the sealing cavity 505, and its outer diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the sealing cavity 505. The sealing section 163 can rotate within the sealing cavity 505. A rotating shaft inner hole 166 is formed within the sealing section 163, with its right end open and conducting. The rotating shaft inner hole 166 communicates with the vacuum cavity 502. Multiple pressure relief holes 167 are formed within the sealing section 163, and the rotating shaft inner hole 166 communicates with the inlets of these holes. Each pressure relief hole 167 is arranged radially and circumferentially, interconnected, and symmetrically arranged. The included angle between two adjacent pressure relief holes 167 is 2β, meaning the angle between the centerline of each of the two pressure relief holes 167 and the vertical line is β. Figure 9 The section containing the pressure relief hole 167 is designated as section K; multiple pressure relief channels 504 are provided inside the second connecting column, and the inlets of the multiple pressure relief channels 504 are arranged circumferentially at intervals in the cavity wall of the sealing cavity 505; the center point of the interface between the pressure relief channel 504 and the sealing cavity 505 is taken as section Y, and the cross-sectional view is shown below. Figure 8 As shown. The relative positional relationship between the inlets of the multiple pressure relief channels 504 is the same as the relative positional relationship between the multiple pressure relief holes 167. Each pressure relief hole 167 and the inlet of the corresponding pressure relief channel 504 are on the same cross section but are staggered. That is, in the initial state, each pressure relief hole 167 is not connected to the inlet of the corresponding pressure relief channel 504. The outlets of the multiple pressure relief channels 504 are located at the end face of the second connecting post near the first connecting post, specifically outside the annular magnet 6, so that each pressure relief channel 504 is connected to the fourth fluid cavity S4. The cross-sectional shape of the pressure relief channel 504 in the axial direction is L-shaped. Figure 8 When there is a pressure difference between the two pneumatic columns 19, the lever 165 will be driven to rotate, which in turn will drive the rotating shaft 16 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating shaft 16 will connect the pressure relief hole 167 with the corresponding pressure relief channel 504, thereby connecting the vacuum chamber 502 with the fourth fluid cavity S4.

[0081] Each built-in channel 506 is pre-filled with compressible gas. Since the pneumatic column and the built-in channel slide in a sealed manner, and the guide post of the trigger 17 and the narrow section of the stepped hole 508 also slide in a sealed manner, the built-in gas will not leak. The requirement for the amount of built-in gas is that, in the initial state, the internal air pressure of the built-in channel 506 is equal to the external atmospheric pressure, so that the left end face of the trigger 17 protrudes from the left end face of the impact disk 5.

[0082] The on / off principle of pressure relief hole 167 is as follows:

[0083] like Figure 11 As shown, for clarity, two planes are defined: the X-section and the Y-section.

[0084] like Figure 12 As shown, the X-plane contains a lever 165 of the rotating shaft 16, a pneumatic column 19, a warning sensor 20, and a built-in channel 506, while the Y-plane contains a pressure relief channel 504 and a pressure relief hole 167 of the rotating shaft 16.

[0085] The impact device has two triggers 17, one above the other. When both triggers 17 are subjected to the same compressive force, the gas in the internal channel 506 is compressed to the same degree. At this time, the left and right sides of the lever 165 are subjected to the same compressive force, so the lever does not rotate. Correspondingly, the pressure relief hole 167 is misaligned with the pressure relief channel 504. At this time, the pressure relief hole 167 is not connected and is in a disconnected state, so no pressure is released. When the two triggers 17 are subjected to different compressive forces, the gas in the internal channel 506 is compressed to different degrees, and the left and right sides of the lever 165 are subjected to different compressive forces. Therefore, the lever 165 begins to move to one side, driving the rotating shaft 16 to rotate. When the rotating shaft 16 rotates a certain angle, the pressure relief hole 167 aligns and connects with the pressure relief channel 504. Figure 12 At this time, the fluid in the pressure relief channel can flow through the pressure relief hole 167 into the inner hole 166 of the rotating shaft. Figure 11 This allows for pressure relief.

[0086] When a rock drill is working, two processes generate strong vibrations: first, the vibration generated when the piston rod strikes the drill rod, and the vibration generated when the drill rod strikes the rock; second, the vibration generated when the drill rod rebounds after being hit by the rock and strikes the piston rod. It should be noted that the system of this invention only reduces vibration during the drill rod rebound process.

[0087] Brief description of the shock absorption principle of this invention:

[0088] like Figure 2 As shown, the impact piston 7 strikes the impact disc 2 to the left, and the impact disc 2 squeezes the transmission fluid in the four chambers to the left. Under the transmission of the fluid, the impact device 21 strikes the drill rod, and finally completes the impact on the rock. When the drill rod rebounds, through the design of the four chambers and the cooperation of the four sets of one-way valves, the fluid power is completely converted into pushing the transmission piston 3 to the right. This makes the kinetic energy of the rebound instantly converted into the kinetic energy of the transmission piston, thus giving the impact piston 7 enough time to retract and avoiding the direct impact of the drill rod on the impact piston when it rebounds. This reduces the vibration generated in this process.

[0089] The working process of the shock absorption function is as follows:

[0090] Step 1: Initial state: such as Figure 2 As shown.

[0091] At this time, the impact piston 7 has not yet moved on the right side, and there is a certain distance between the impact piston and the impact disc 2;

[0092] At this time, the transmission piston 3 is in the right limit position, and the right end of the transmission piston 3 is inserted into the inner hole of the impact plate 2, but the right end face of the transmission piston 3 does not protrude from the right end face of the impact plate 2.

[0093] At this time, the impact device 21 is in the right limit position, that is: under the magnetic attraction of the annular magnet 6, the right end face of the second connecting body of the impact disk 5 in the impact device 21 is in contact with the left end face of the inner cylinder 13 of the shell.

[0094] At this time, the drill rod 8 is in its original position, and there is a certain gap between the drill rod 8 and the impact disk 5.

[0095] At this time, all four check valve groups (A / B / C / D) are in the closed state;

[0096] At this point, four cavities (S1 / S2 / S3 / S4) are formed inside the structure, as follows: Figure 13 As shown;

[0097] At this point, the four cavities are filled with transmission fluid.

[0098] Step 2: As Figure 15 As shown. When the rock drill starts working, the impact piston 7 moves to the left. When the impact piston 7 hits the impact disc 2, it drives the impact disc 2 to move to the left as well.

[0099] Step 3: As Figure 15 As shown. After the impact disc 2 moves to the left, it compresses the transmission fluid in cavity S1, increasing the pressure in cavity S1. Under the pressure difference between cavity S1 and cavity S4, the one-way valve group C is fully opened, and the transmission fluid flows rapidly from cavity S1 into cavity S4, causing the pressure in cavity S4 to increase rapidly, which in turn pushes the impact device 21 to move to the left; when the impact device 21 moves to the left, the pressure in cavity S3 decreases; at the same time, under the pressure difference between cavity S1 and cavity S2, the one-way valve group A is fully opened, and the transmission fluid flows rapidly from cavity S1 into cavity S2; therefore, the pressure on the left side of piston sleeve 4 is small, and the pressure on the right side is large, so piston sleeve 4 drives transmission piston 3 to move rapidly to the left under the action of pressure difference. It should be noted that at the moment of starting of transmission piston 3, due to the arc-shaped concave surface set on piston sleeve ( Figure 6 The S2 chamber is not in a vacuum state at the moment of startup. Figure 14 Instead of a fluid flow within the arc-shaped gap, a certain amount of fluid is present, which facilitates the rapid start-up of the transmission piston. Furthermore, the assembly of the transmission piston and piston sleeve is fitted with a conical gap and an annular gap between the assembly and the inner cylinder 13 of the housing. Figure 14 This also facilitates the rapid entry of the transmission fluid, resulting in a very fast start-up response from the transmission piston, thus avoiding any "jamming" at the moment of startup.

[0100] Furthermore, since the port of check valve assembly B is blocked by the piston sleeve 4 after operation, the flow direction of the transmission fluid does not support the opening of the check valve assembly when check valve assembly B is closed. Similarly, since the valve core of check valve assembly C blocks the port of check valve assembly D after it opens, forming a clamping condition, check valve assembly D is also in the closed state.

[0101] Step 4: As Figure 16 As shown. The impact piston 7 continues to impact to the left, the impact device 21 also continues to move rapidly to the left, and the transmission piston 3 follows suit and moves to the left.

[0102] In the impact device 21, the trigger 17 first contacts the end face of the left-side drill rod 8 and generates a squeezing effect. Since the end face of the drill rod 8 is intact, both the upper and lower triggers 17 are subjected to the same degree of squeezing force. The impact device has two triggers 17; when both triggers 17 are subjected to the same squeezing effect, the gas in the internal channel 506 is compressed to the same degree. Figure 17 At this time, the left and right sides of lever 165 are subjected to the same compressive force, so lever 165 does not rotate. Figure 12 Correspondingly, the pressure relief hole 167 and the pressure relief channel 504 are misaligned. At this time, the pressure relief hole 167 is not conductive and is in a disconnected state, thus not relieving pressure. Figure 12 ).

[0103] The impact device 21 continues to move to the left until the impact disc 5 strikes the chisel 8 on the left. The chisel 8 then strikes the rock, completing the rock drilling operation. At this point, the impact device 21 stops moving to the left, and the pressure in chamber S4 increases until it equals the pressure in chamber S1. The pressure in chamber S3 also increases rapidly and equals the pressure in chamber S2. At this point, all one-way valve groups are closed, the transmission fluid stops flowing, and the transmission piston 3 and impact disc 5 stop operating. It is important to note that at this point, the impact piston also strikes its position and stops operating, but the impact piston 7 is still in contact with the impact disc 2. It is also important to note that the piston sleeve is now located on the left side of one-way valve group B, and one-way valve group B should not be blocked at this time.

[0104] Step 5: As Figure 18 As shown, after the drill rod 8 hits the rock, it rebounds instantly. The rebound force pushes the impact device 215 to the right. At this time, the impact piston 7 does not have time to retract and is still in contact with the impact disc 2.

[0105] When the impact disc 5 moves to the right, the upper and lower triggers 17 reset to the same degree under the pressure of the internal gas. Therefore, the lever 165 does not rotate. Figure 12 Therefore, the pressure relief hole 167 and the pressure relief channel 504 are not connected, and no pressure is released at this time.

[0106] Impact disk 5 moves to the right ( Figure 18 This causes a rapid increase in pressure within cavities S3 and S4. The pressure in cavity S3 increases and becomes greater than that in cavity S2. Under the influence of this pressure difference, piston sleeve 4 drives transmission piston 3 to move rapidly to the right. After the transmission piston moves to the right, the pressure in cavity S3 decreases appropriately, resulting in a pressure in cavity S4 that is greater than that in cavity S3. Therefore, check valve group D opens under the influence of the pressure difference. At this time, check valve group C is closed because there is no restriction on the opening of check valve group D. After the transmission piston moves to the right, the pressure in S2 increases. Since check valve group A remains closed, check valve group B opens under the influence of the pressure difference between cavities S2 and S1, allowing the transmission fluid to flow from cavity S2 into S1.

[0107] It is important to note that this action is completed in a very short time, and the impact piston 7 still does not have enough time to retract.

[0108] Step 6: As Figure 19 As shown, under the rebound effect, the impact disc 5 continues to move to the right, and the transmission piston 3 also moves rapidly to the right. When the transmission piston moves to the right, the transmission fluid mainly flows from cavity S2 into cavity S1 through the one-way valve group B, and a small portion of the fluid passes through the annular gap between the transmission piston 3 and the inner cylinder 13 of the housing (…). Figure 14 ) flows into cavity S1 ( Figure 19 When the piston sleeve 4 moves to the right until it blocks the one-way valve assembly B, the one-way valve assembly B closes; afterwards, the transmission fluid in the cavity S2 can only pass through the annular gap between the transmission piston 3 and the inner cylinder 13 of the housing. Figure 14 ) flows into cavity S1 ( Figure 19 During the above process, the operating speed of the transmission piston 3 decreases from fast to slow, which has the beneficial effect of further reducing vibration in the system.

[0109] Step 7: Explain the key principles of shock absorption.

[0110] In steps five and six above, the impact disk 5 and the transmission piston 3 move to the right. Although there is fluid flow within cavity S1, the impact disk 2 does not move during this short period, which is crucial. The reason is that during the movement of the transmission piston 3 to the right, the decrease in fluid volume within cavity S2 equals the increase in volume within cavity S1. Figure 19 , Figure 20 ).

[0111] The geometric interpretation is as follows:

[0112] like Figure 20As shown, the inner diameter of the impact disc 2 is set to d. Based on the conditions already set in the previous invention description (the inner diameter of the impact disc 2 is equal to the inner diameter of the inner cylinder 13 of the housing), the inner diameter of the inner cylinder 13 of the housing is also d. Simultaneously, the diameter of the thinner section in the middle of the transmission piston rod is set to e. During the movement of the transmission piston 3 to the right, the distance the left end of the transmission piston travels to the right is equal to the distance the transmission piston travels to the right; this distance is set to L.

[0113] Then: the decrease in fluid volume V1 in the second fluid cavity S2 satisfies V1=π*(d 2 -e 2 )

[0114] Similarly, the increase in volume V2 of the first fluid cavity S1 satisfies V2=π*(d 2 -e 2 )

[0115] Therefore: V1 = V2.

[0116] This indicates that the decrease in fluid volume within cavity S2 is equal to the increase in volume within cavity S1. In other words, during the movement of the transmission piston to the right, the volume flowing into cavity S1 completely compensates for the increased volume in S1, and the pressure within S1 remains unchanged during this process. Therefore, there is no additional pressure driving the impact disc 2 to move to the right.

[0117] The phenomenon observed in the above process is as follows: when the drill rod 8 experiences a rebound effect, its rebound energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the transmission piston 3 through energy transformation. During the movement of the transmission piston, due to its special geometric design, the impact disk 2 achieves a delayed rightward movement. This delay provides sufficient time for the impact piston 7 to react and retract. Throughout the entire process, the transmission piston 3 does not collide with the impact piston 7, nor with the impact disk 2. Therefore, the vibration problem is solved.

[0118] Step 8: As Figure 21 As shown, after all the rebound energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the transmission piston 3, the rebound energy disappears, and the system damping is completed. At this time, the structural components have not yet returned to their original positions, therefore... Figure 21The following diagram illustrates the subsequent reset process. After the rebound energy dissipates, the impact device 21 (impact disc 5) continues to move to the right under the magnetic attraction of the annular magnet 6 and the inner cylinder 13 of the housing. The one-way valve group D remains open, and the transmission fluid continues to flow from the cavity S4 to the cavity S3. Additionally, the transmission piston 3 continues to move to the right. During this movement, the piston sleeve 3 gradually moves to the right side of the one-way valve group B. The beneficial effect is that the one-way valve group B gradually transitions from being blocked by the piston sleeve 4 to being unblocked. When the one-way valve group B is blocked, it closes, and the transmission fluid in the cavity S3 flows only from the annular gap between the transmission piston 3 and the inner cylinder 13 of the housing to the cavity S1. During this process, the transmission piston moves to the right at a relatively fast speed. When the one-way valve assembly B is no longer blocked, it opens, and the transmission fluid in cavity S3 mainly flows into cavity S1 from the one-way valve assembly B. During this process, only a small amount of transmission fluid still flows into cavity S1 from the annular gap between the transmission piston 3 and the inner cylinder 13 of the housing, thus realizing the deceleration process of the transmission piston 3. Figure 22 The beneficial effect is that it further reduces system vibration.

[0119] Step 9: As Figure 22 and Figure 23 As shown, when the transmission piston 3 has fully moved to its right limit position, the impact device 21 continues to move to the right under the magnetic attraction of the annular magnet 6 and the inner cylinder 13 of the housing. At this time, fluid enters the cavity S3 from the cavity S4, and then flows from the cavity S3 into the cavity S1 through the one-way valve group B. Since the transmission piston has reached its right limit position, the increased transmission fluid in the cavity S1 will drive the impact disc 2 to move to the right. When the impact disc 5 is in contact with the left end face of the inner cylinder 13 of the housing, the impact device 21 completes its reset, and the impact disc 2 also resets to its initial position to the right. Reset complete.

[0120] It is particularly important to note that throughout the entire process of the drive piston moving to the right, the drive piston never impacts the impact piston 7, and the impact disc 2, due to its delayed retraction, also does not impact the impact piston 7. Therefore, the method of this invention effectively avoids the situation where the drill rod violently impacts the impact piston during the rebound process, effectively reducing system vibration.

[0121] Based on the system, this invention also proposes an early warning method for sudden failures of a rock drill. When the inner end face of the drill rod 8 suffers sudden brittle fracture and drill rod fragments 81 fall off, and the impact device 21 comes into contact with the drill rod 8, the drill rod fragments 81 at the bottom push the bottom trigger 17 into the impact device 21. After the bottom trigger 17 moves inward, it compresses the gas in the corresponding internal channel 506. The top trigger 17 is not pushed, resulting in a pressure difference between the gas in the two internal channels 506. The pneumatic column 19 in the internal channel 506 with higher pressure moves towards the pneumatic column 19 in the internal channel 506 with higher pressure, and simultaneously, the lever 165 drives... The rotating shaft 16 rotates; during the rotation of the shaft 16, when the pressure relief hole 167 connects with the inlet of the corresponding pressure relief channel 504, the transmission fluid in the fourth fluid cavity S4 flows into the vacuum cavity 502 after passing through the pressure relief channel 504, the pressure relief hole 167, and the inner hole 166 of the shaft in sequence. This cuts off the force transmission between the impact force of the impact piston 7 and the drill rod 8. Specifically, the fluid in the fourth fluid cavity S4 flows out rapidly, and the volume of the fourth fluid cavity S4 decreases rapidly, resulting in a shorter effective transmission length. Therefore, the impact force transmitted by the impact piston 7 is cut off, which can avoid violent impact and thus prevent violent impact on the drill rod fragments 81, thereby preventing destructive impact. At the same time, the pressure relief sensor 18 on the shaft 16 collects the fluid pressure; when the pressure relief sensor 18 collects the fluid pressure, it sends a stop signal to the control system to realize early warning in case of sudden failure of the rock drill.

[0122] The specific working process of the early warning and protection function for sudden damage to the drill rod is as follows:

[0123] Step 1: Same as the first step of the shock absorption function;

[0124] Step 2: Same as step 2 of the shock absorption function;

[0125] Step 3: Same as step 3 of the shock absorption function;

[0126] Step 4: As Figure 24 As shown. The impact piston 7 continues to impact to the left, the impact device 21 also continues to move rapidly to the left, and the transmission piston 3 follows suit and moves to the left.

[0127] At this point, if the end face of the drill rod 8 suddenly fractures, accompanied by the falling of drill rod fragments 81 ( Figure 24 If the drill rod fragment 81 falls to the bottom of the outer cylinder of the shell due to gravity, then the fragment will be lost. Figure 24 ).

[0128] As the impact device 21 continues to move to the left, the lower-positioned trigger 17 of the two triggers 17 contacts the drill rod fragment 81 first and generates a squeezing effect first. Meanwhile, the higher-positioned trigger 17 is not subjected to a squeezing effect. Therefore, the upper and lower triggers 17 experience different squeezing forces. Figure 25 ).

[0129] Therefore, the gas pressure in the built-in channel 506 connected to the higher-position trigger 17 is lower, and the gas pressure in the built-in channel 506 connected to the lower-position trigger 17 is higher. This results in uneven compression on the left and right sides of the lever 165 of the rotating shaft 16, causing the rotating shaft 16 to rotate, as... Figure 26 As shown in (a) and (b). This then drives the pressure relief hole 167 to connect with the pressure relief channel 504. At the instant of connection, the high-pressure fluid in the cavity S4 rushes from the pressure relief channel 504 into the pressure relief hole 167. Figure 25 , Figure 26 ), and then punched into the inner hole 166 of the rotating shaft ( Figure 26 Finally, the fluid rushes into the vacuum chamber 502, causing a sudden depressurization of the transmission fluid within the cavity S4. Because the pressure of the transmission fluid is released, its transmission effect on the impact disc 5 disappears, and the entire impact device 21 is no longer subjected to a leftward thrust. This ensures that no destructive impact occurs inside the rock drill, maximizing the protection of the rock drill. As the pressure relief sensor 18 detects the pressure change, the rock drill's control system issues a shutdown command.

[0130] The above embodiments are used to explain and illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Any modifications and changes made to the present invention within the spirit and scope of the claims shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shock-absorbing-early-warning system for use in the drive of a rock drill rod, characterized in that The shell outer cylinder (11) is internally provided with an impact module and a drill rod (8) at two ends respectively, the buffer module and the impact device (21) are arranged in the shell outer cylinder (11), the buffer module is arranged close to the impact module and is connected with the impact module, the impact device (21) is arranged close to the drill rod (8), the impact module, the impact device (21) and the drill rod (8) are slidable in the shell outer cylinder (11), the buffer module is fixedly installed in the shell outer cylinder (11), and the impact module and the buffer module and the buffer module and the impact device (21) are filled with transmission fluid; The impact module comprises an impact disc (2), a transmission piston (3), a piston sleeve (4) and an impact piston (7); the impact disc (2) is sealingly and slidably arranged at one end of the shell outer cylinder (11), one end of the transmission piston (3) is sealingly and slidably arranged in the impact disc (2), the other end of the transmission piston (3) is sleeved with the piston sleeve (4) and is sealingly and slidably arranged in the buffer module after extending inward, and the impact piston (7) is slidably arranged in the shell outer cylinder (11) at the outer end of the impact disc (2); a plurality of air holes (14) are arranged on the circumferential side of the shell outer cylinder (11) between the impact piston (7) and the impact disc (2), the diameter of the impact piston is smaller than the inner diameter of the shell outer cylinder (11); the inner diameter of the central hole of the impact disc (2), the outer diameter of the piston sleeve (4) and the inner diameter of the shell inner cylinder (13) are the same; The buffer module comprises a shell ring rib (12), a shell inner cylinder (13), a first one-way valve group (A), a second one-way valve group (B), a third one-way valve group (C) and a fourth one-way valve group (D); The shell inner cylinder (13) is fixedly installed in the shell outer cylinder (11) through the shell ring rib (12), a cavity between the shell outer cylinder (11), the shell inner cylinder (13) and the shell ring rib (12) and the impact device (21) is recorded as a fourth fluid cavity (S4), and a cavity between the shell outer cylinder (11), the shell inner cylinder (13) and the shell ring rib (12) and the impact module is recorded as a first fluid cavity (S1); the end of the impact module is sealingly and slidably arranged in the shell inner cylinder (13), the impact device (21) is coaxially arranged with the shell inner cylinder (13), part of the impact device (21) is sealingly and slidably arranged in the shell inner cylinder (13), and the remaining part of the impact device (21) is sealingly and slidably arranged in the shell outer cylinder (11); The chamber between the housing inner cylinder (13) and the impact module in the housing inner cylinder (13) is recorded as a second fluid cavity (S2), and the chamber between the housing inner cylinder (13) and the impact device (21) in the housing inner cylinder (13) is recorded as a third fluid cavity (S3); the first fluid cavity (S1), the second fluid cavity (S2), the third fluid cavity (S3) and the fourth fluid cavity (S4) are all filled with transmission fluid; the end face of the housing inner cylinder (13) where the impact module is located is provided with a first one-way valve group (A), and the transmission fluid in the first fluid cavity (S1) is unidirectionally communicated to the second fluid cavity (S2) through the first one-way valve group (A); the outer circumferential side of the housing inner cylinder (13) near one end of the impact module is also provided with a second one-way valve group (B), and the transmission fluid in the second fluid cavity (S2) is unidirectionally communicated to the first fluid cavity (S1) through the second one-way valve group (B); the third one-way valve group (C) is installed in the housing ring rib (12), so that the transmission fluid in the first fluid cavity (S1) is unidirectionally communicated to the fourth fluid cavity (S4) through the third one-way valve group (C); the fourth one-way valve group (D) is also installed in the housing ring rib (12), so that the transmission fluid in the fourth fluid cavity (S4) is unidirectionally communicated to the third fluid cavity (S3) through the fourth one-way valve group (D).

2. A shock-absorbing and early-warning system for use in the drive of drill rods in rock drills as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The first one-way valve group (A), the second one-way valve group (B), the third one-way valve group (C) and the fourth one-way valve group (D) are all composed of a plurality of one-way valves, and the plurality of one-way valves are installed in the housing ring rib (12) or the housing inner cylinder (13) at intervals along the circumference; each one-way valve is composed of a valve core (9) and a spring, the spring is sleeved outside the valve core (9), a special-shaped hole is formed in the housing ring rib (12) or the housing inner cylinder (13), the inner wall of the special-shaped hole is smooth, and the special-shaped hole serves as the installation hole of the one-way valve core and the spring.

3. A shock-absorbing and early-warning system for use in the drive of drill rods in rock drills as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that When the end face of the end portion of the impact module is in contact with the inner end face of the housing inner cylinder (13), the position of the impact module on the circumferential side of the housing inner cylinder (13) does not coincide with the position of the second one-way valve group (B), so that the second one-way valve group (B) is in an openable state.

4. A shock-absorbing and early-warning system for use in the drive of drill rods in rock drills as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The positions of each one-way valve in the third one-way valve group (C) and each one-way valve in the fourth one-way valve group (D) correspond one by one, and the control direction of each one-way valve in the third one-way valve group (C) and the corresponding one-way valve in the fourth one-way valve group (D) is perpendicular; when the third one-way valve group (C) is in an open state, the third one-way valve group (C) controls the state of the fourth one-way valve group (D), so that the fourth one-way valve group (D) is in a closed state.

5. A shock-absorbing and early-warning system for use in the drive of drill rods in rock drills as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The impact device (21) comprises an impact disc (5), an annular magnet (6), a bearing (15), a rotating shaft (16), a trigger (17), a pressure relief sensor (18) and a pneumatic column (19). The impact disc (5) is composed of the first connecting column and the second connecting column which are coaxially connected in sequence, the diameter of the first connecting column is smaller than that of the second connecting column, the first connecting column is sealingly and slidably arranged in the buffer module, the second connecting column is sealingly and slidably arranged in the outer cylinder (11) of the shell, and the end face of the second connecting column close to the buffer module is provided with an annular magnet (6), and the annular magnet (6) is arranged close to the first connecting column; A vacuum cavity (502) is formed in the first connecting column, and a rotating shaft mounting cavity is formed in the second connecting column; a rotating shaft (16) is mounted in the rotating shaft mounting cavity through a bearing (15), and a pressure relief sensor (18) is fixedly arranged on one end of the rotating shaft (16) close to the vacuum cavity (502); the rotating shaft mounting cavity comprises two bearing cavities (507), a lever space (509) and a sealing cavity (505), the rotating shaft (16) is sequentially divided into a first fixed section (161), a connecting section (162), a sealing section (163) and a second fixed section (164), and the first fixed section (161) and the second fixed section (164) are respectively arranged in the two bearing cavities (507) through corresponding bearings (15); The connecting section (162) is provided with a lever (165) located in a lever space (509). The second connecting column is provided with a mounting groove (501) on both sides of the end face close to the drill rod (8). A stepped hole (508) is further provided in the second connecting column below each mounting groove (501). A trigger (17) is installed in each mounting groove (501) and the corresponding stepped hole (508). An internal channel (506) is provided in the second connecting column on both sides of the lever space (509). Each internal channel (506) is in communication with the corresponding stepped hole (508). A corresponding pneumatic column (19) is arranged in each internal channel (506). One end of each pneumatic column (19) is arranged in the internal channel (506) and each pneumatic column (19) can sealably slide in the internal channel (506). The other end of each pneumatic column (19) extends out of the internal channel (506) and contacts the side surface of the lever (165). The sealing section (163) is arranged in the sealing cavity (505) and can sealably rotate in the sealing cavity (505). The sealing section (163) is provided with a rotating shaft inner hole (166) in communication with the vacuum cavity (502). A plurality of pressure relief holes (167) are provided in the sealing section (163). Each pressure relief hole (167) is arranged along the radial direction and is arranged along the circumferential direction. The plurality of pressure relief holes (167) are in communication with each other. A plurality of pressure relief channels (504) are provided in the second connecting column. The entrances of the plurality of pressure relief channels (504) are arranged along the circumferential direction in the cavity wall of the sealing cavity (505). The relative positional relationship between the entrances of the plurality of pressure relief channels (504) is the same as the relative positional relationship between the plurality of pressure relief holes (167). Each pressure relief hole (167) and the entrance of the corresponding pressure relief channel (504) are located on the same cross section but are staggered. The outlets of the plurality of pressure relief channels (504) are arranged at the end face of the second connecting column close to the first connecting column.

6. A shock-absorbing and early-warning system for use in the drive of drill rods in rock drills as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that The inner ports of the two internal channels (506) are located above or below the shaft center and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axial direction. The outer ports of the two internal channels (506) are symmetrically arranged about the axis.

7. A shock-absorbing and early-warning system for use in the drive of drill rods in rock drills as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that In the initial state, each pressure relief hole (167) is not in communication with the entrance of the corresponding pressure relief channel (504). When the inner end face of the drill rod (8) suddenly cracks and the drill rod fragments (81) fall, each pressure relief hole (167) is in communication with the entrance of the corresponding pressure relief channel (504), so that the vacuum cavity (502) is in communication with the fourth fluid cavity (S4).

8. An emergency warning method for a shock-absorbing-early-warning system in a drill rod drive of a rock drill as claimed in any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, When the inner end surface of the drill rod (8) suddenly cracks and the drill rod fragments (81) fall, the impact device (21) contacts the drill rod (8), the drill rod fragments (81) push the bottom trigger (17) to the inside of the impact device (21), the bottom trigger (17) moves inward and squeezes the gas in the corresponding built-in channel (506), a gas pressure difference is generated between the gases in the two built-in channels (506), the pneumatic column (19) in the built-in channel (506) with high gas pressure moves towards the pneumatic column (19) in the built-in channel (506) with high gas pressure, and simultaneously drives the rotating shaft (16) to rotate through the lever (165); when the rotating shaft (16) rotates, the pressure relief hole (167) communicates with the inlet of the corresponding pressure relief channel (504), then the transmission fluid in the fourth fluid cavity (S4) flows into the vacuum cavity (502) through the pressure relief channel (504), the pressure relief hole (167) and the rotating shaft inner hole (166) in turn, thereby cutting off the force transmission between the impact force of the impact piston (7) and the drill rod (8), and the pressure relief sensor (18) on the rotating shaft (16) collects the fluid pressure; when the pressure relief sensor (18) collects the fluid pressure, a stop signal is sent, and early warning is realized when the rock drill suddenly fails.

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