An additional heat storage device is used for a high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system

Abstract

The application discloses a high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with an additional heat storage device for heat preservation. The experimental system utilizes the heat generated by a subcritical reactor, adopts pressurized water as a heat transfer fluid of a secondary loop to exchange heat with a primary loop and carries out experiments. In the case that the system stops the experiments, liquid lead-bismuth alloy is pumped into a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank, and the heat stored by the heat storage device is used to heat the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank. The application solves the problems in the prior art by adding the heat storage device, such as the need of consuming a large amount of electric energy to install an electric auxiliary heating device on a lead-bismuth alloy pipeline to maintain the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy pipeline. In addition, the application has the advantages of high energy utilization efficiency, no additional power consumption and the like. Meanwhile, the application can provide reliable and stable experimental support for the research and development of heat storage / exchange devices in compressed air energy storage systems and the like, and provide technical support for the clean, safe and efficient utilization of nuclear energy.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of heat storage / heat exchange in nuclear energy, compressed air energy storage and the like, and relates to a high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system, in particular to a high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with an additional heat storage device for heat preservation, which utilizes the heat generated by a subcritical reactor and the additional heat storage device to improve the energy utilization efficiency and stability of the system, and can realize the research and development and testing of heat storage / heat exchange devices in nuclear energy, compressed air energy storage and the like, and provide technical support for the research and development of nuclear energy, compressed air energy storage and the like. BACKGROUND

[0002] Nuclear energy is a clean, safe, economic and sustainable energy, and is an important way for energy development in many countries and regions. With the continuous depletion of fossil energy in the world and the global social concern about the safety of nuclear utilization after the Fukushima accident, international research institutions have vigorously developed accelerator driven subcritical systems (ADS, Accelerator Driven Subcritical System) lead-bismuth liquid metal cooled reactors. A particle accelerator is used as an external source to drive a subcritical reactor, and lead-bismuth liquid metal is used as a coolant and heat transfer medium to realize the functions of transmutation of high-level nuclear waste and production of nuclear fuel, etc., and has the advantages of safety, high efficiency, economy, environmental protection and the like. At present, it is one of the most potential and possible ways to handle a large amount of radioactive waste and reduce the risk of deep burial storage, which is recognized by the world.

[0003] The ADS system mainly consists of a proton accelerator system, a spallation target, and a subcritical core. Liquid lead-bismuth alloy has excellent neutron performance (liquid lead-bismuth alloy performs well in terms of neutron exchange cross section, and has good absorption and scattering effects on neutrons. This makes lead-bismuth alloy a good neutron moderator in ADS, which can effectively slow down and breed neutrons, promote stable operation and efficient energy release of the reactor), radiation resistance (liquid lead-bismuth alloy has high density and high atomic number, which makes it have good ability to absorb and scatter neutrons and gamma rays. The characteristics of high density and high atomic number help to reduce the penetration and propagation of radiation, thereby reducing the damage of radiation to materials), thermal conductivity (liquid lead-bismuth alloy has a relatively high melting point, usually between 125-175 degrees Celsius. This means that it can remain in a liquid state at high temperatures, providing good cooling capacity. In addition, lead-bismuth alloy has high thermal conductivity, which can effectively absorb and transfer heat from nuclear fuel to maintain stable operation of the system), cooling characteristics (liquid lead-bismuth alloy has high heat capacity and low specific heat conduction coefficient, which makes it can effectively absorb and disperse the heat generated in the nuclear reactor. At the same time, the low vapor pressure of lead-bismuth alloy makes the risk of coolant loss and steam explosion lower, improving the safety of the system), and inherent safety characteristics (liquid lead-bismuth alloy has good chemical stability in a nuclear reaction environment. It has low corrosion to oxygen and water vapor, so it can reduce the reaction and corrosion with the environment medium, prolong the service life of the system), making it the preferred primary coolant medium for accelerator-driven subcritical systems. In the accelerator-driven subcritical system, liquid lead-bismuth alloy carries the heat out of the core and exchanges heat with other media such as water or gas in the secondary loop, converting the heat into steam, electricity, and other forms for utilization. In addition, liquid lead-bismuth alloy itself as a working fluid can be used for experiments or further utilization, such as liquid lead-bismuth alloy circulating heat source experiment, thermophysical experiment, etc. The high-temperature flow performance of liquid lead-bismuth alloy also provides convenience for its application. For example, using liquid lead-bismuth alloy as a heat transfer medium in a high-temperature sodium-cooled reactor can significantly reduce maintenance and replacement frequency while ensuring the safe and stable operation of the reactor. Therefore, liquid lead-bismuth alloy can not only be used as a primary coolant medium for a subcritical system, but also can be widely used in other fields.

[0004] The melting point of lead-bismuth alloy is about 125 DEG C, and there is a risk of solidification in the case of inactivity, so the lead-bismuth alloy needs to be treated to prevent the solidification of the lead-bismuth alloy from causing additional losses. In order to avoid the solidification and aggregation of the lead-bismuth alloy in the lead-bismuth test loop or the subcritical system, an external heating device such as an electric auxiliary heating device commonly used at present, such as an electric heater or a heating rod, is installed on the lead-bismuth alloy pipeline to maintain the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy pipeline above the solidification point and keep the lead-bismuth alloy in a liquid state. However, this method requires the installation of a large number of electric heating devices, which has low energy utilization efficiency and consumes additional electric energy. Therefore, in practical applications, sufficient consideration needs to be given to energy consumption and energy utilization efficiency. SUMMARY

[0005] (I) Objectives of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides a high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with an additional heat storage device for heat preservation. The experimental system uses the heat generated by a subcritical reactor, adopts pressurized water as the heat transfer fluid of the secondary loop to exchange heat with the primary loop and carry out experiments, and in the case of stopping the experiment, the liquid lead-bismuth alloy is pumped into a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank, and the heat stored by the heat storage device is used to heat the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank. The present application solves the problems existing in the prior art by adding a heat storage device, such as the need to consume a large amount of electric energy to maintain the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy pipeline. In addition, the present application has the advantages of high energy utilization efficiency and no additional power consumption. At the same time, the present application can provide reliable and stable experimental support for the research and development of heat storage / heat exchange devices in compressed air energy storage systems and other systems, and provide technical support for the clean, safe and efficient use of nuclear energy.

[0007] (II) Technical Solutions

[0008] In order to achieve the objectives of the present application, the following technical solutions are adopted:

[0009] A high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with an additional heat storage device for heat preservation, the components of the experimental system at least include a primary critical reactor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a heater, an air cooler, a heat storage device, a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank and a to-be-tested experimental device, each component is connected by a pipeline and forms at least three loops, the three loops are a primary loop, a secondary loop and a tertiary loop, characterized in that,

[0010] The heat preservation channel is arranged on the outer wall of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank and forms a heat preservation layer of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank, the bottom of the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank is connected with the inlet pipeline of the subcritical reactor through a pipeline, and a first valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the two; the top of the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank is connected with an argon bottle through a pipeline, and a sixteenth valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the two;

[0011] The outlet of the subcritical reactor in the primary loop is communicated with the inlet of the subcritical reactor through pipes, the hot side of the first heat exchanger and the hot side of the second heat exchanger in parallel, forming a circulation loop, and the circulating medium in the primary loop is liquid lead-bismuth alloy.

[0012] The outlet of the experimental device to be tested in the secondary loop is communicated with the inlet of the experimental device to be tested through pipes, the heater, the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the cold side of the second heat exchanger in parallel, and the air cooler, forming a circulation loop, and the circulating medium in the secondary loop is pressurized water; the inlet pipe of the air cooler is also provided with a parallel pipe passing through the hot side of the third heat exchanger, the inlet and outlet pipes of the cold side of the first heat exchanger are respectively provided with a second valve and a third valve, the inlet and outlet pipes of the cold side of the second heat exchanger are respectively provided with a fourth valve and a fifth valve, the inlet pipe of the air cooler is provided with a sixth valve, and the inlet or outlet pipe of the hot side of the third heat exchanger is provided with a ninth valve.

[0013] The outlet of the heat storage device in the tertiary loop is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the inlet of the heat storage device through pipes and the heat preservation channel to form a circulation loop, and the other path is communicated with the inlet of the heat storage device through pipes and the cold side of the third heat exchanger to form another circulation loop, and the circulating medium in the tertiary loop is heat conducting oil; the inlet or outlet pipe of the cold side of the third heat exchanger is provided with a tenth valve, the inlet and outlet pipes of the heat storage device are respectively provided with a twelfth valve and a thirteenth valve, and the inlet pipe of the heat preservation channel is provided with a fourteenth valve.

[0014] Preferably, at least one circulating pump is arranged on the main circulating pipe of the primary loop to drive the circulation of liquid lead-bismuth alloy.

[0015] Preferably, a first expansion tank is further arranged on the main circulating pipe of the primary loop, and the first expansion tank is arranged at a position at least higher than each component and each pipe in the primary loop, so as to balance the volume expansion of the circulating medium liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the primary loop due to temperature rise, and prevent pressure fluctuation caused by temperature change in the loop.

[0016] Preferably, the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank is arranged at a position at least lower than each component and each pipe in the primary loop. Such arrangement is to ensure that when the experiment is stopped, the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the primary loop can flow back to the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank under the action of gravity.

[0017] Preferably, at least one circulating water pump is arranged on the main circulating pipe of the secondary loop to drive the circulation of pressurized water.

[0018] Preferably, a second expansion tank is arranged on the main circulation pipeline of the secondary circuit, and the second expansion tank is arranged at a position higher than at least each component and pipeline in the secondary circuit, so as to balance the volume expansion of the circulating medium pressurized water in the secondary circuit due to temperature rise, and prevent pressure fluctuation caused by temperature change in the circuit.

[0019] Further, the second expansion tank is further communicated with a constant pressure gas cylinder through a pipeline provided with a seventh valve, and when the seventh valve is in an open state, the constant pressure gas cylinder is used to maintain the pressure stability of the circulating medium pressurized water in the secondary circuit, and ensure the stable flow of the pressurized water.

[0020] Preferably, a first bypass pipeline is arranged in parallel with the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the cold side of the second heat exchanger in the secondary circuit, and an eighth valve is arranged on the first bypass pipeline, and the eighth valve is used to adjust the flow of the pressurized water entering the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, so as to realize accurate control of the temperature of the pressurized water entering the experimental device to be tested.

[0021] Preferably, in the tertiary circuit, a second bypass pipeline is arranged on the cold side of the third heat exchanger, and an eleventh valve is arranged on the second bypass pipeline, and the eleventh valve is used to adjust the flow of the circulating medium heat conducting oil entering the cold side of the third heat exchanger, so as to realize accurate control of the heat storage temperature of the heat storage device.

[0022] Preferably, a third expansion tank is arranged on the main circulation pipeline of the tertiary circuit, and the third expansion tank is arranged at a position higher than at least each component and pipeline in the tertiary circuit, so as to balance the volume expansion of the circulating medium heat conducting oil in the tertiary circuit due to temperature rise, and prevent pressure fluctuation caused by temperature change in the circuit.

[0023] Preferably, the heat storage device is one of sensible heat storage device, phase change heat storage device, thermochemical heat storage device, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0024] Preferably, at least one oil pump is arranged on the inlet pipeline or outlet pipeline of the heat storage device, and the oil pump is used to drive the flow of the circulating medium heat conducting oil in the tertiary circuit.

[0025] Further, a bypass pipeline formed by the oil pump and the fourteenth valve is arranged in the tertiary circuit, and at least one fifteenth valve is arranged on the bypass pipeline.

[0026] Preferably, when the experimental system of the present application is used to carry out experiments, at least the following operation steps are included:

[0027] SS1. Before the experiment, keep the first valve and the sixteenth valve open, and close the rest of the valves. The high-pressure argon gas in the argon bottle will press the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank into the circulating pipeline of the primary loop.

[0028] SS2. During the experiment, close the first valve and the sixteenth valve, and open at least the second valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve, and the sixth valve. The liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the primary loop absorbs the heat generated by the subcritical reactor during the circulation process, and transfers the heat to the circulating medium, pressurized water, in the secondary loop through the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger. The pressurized water in the secondary loop is first preliminarily heated by the heater, and then enters the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger to absorb the heat in the primary loop. After the temperature of the pressurized water is regulated by the air cooler, the pressurized water enters the experimental device to be tested to carry out the experiment.

[0029] SS3. When the experiment stops, open the first valve to drive the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the primary loop to flow back to the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank.

[0030] Further, in the above step SS2, during the experiment, when it is necessary to transfer heat to the tertiary loop, the opening of the sixth valve is closed or reduced, and at least the ninth valve, the tenth valve, the twelfth valve, and the thirteenth valve are opened, and the eleventh valve and the fourteenth valve are closed. The pressurized water in the main circulating pipeline of the secondary loop is all or partially introduced into the third heat exchanger to heat the circulating medium, heat conducting oil, in the tertiary loop, and the heat is stored in the heat storage device through the circulation of the heat conducting oil.

[0031] Further, in the above step SS3, when the experiment stops, the tenth valve and the eleventh valve in the tertiary loop are closed, and at least the twelfth valve, the thirteenth valve, and the fourteenth valve are opened. The circulating medium, heat conducting oil, in the tertiary loop passes through the heat storage device and enters the heat preservation channel to achieve heat preservation of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank.

[0032] Preferably, the valves in the experimental system are a combination of one or more of butterfly valves, ball valves, gate valves, stop valves, and plug valves, and are controlled by electricity, gas, liquid, or manually.

[0033] The second object of the present application is to provide a method for adjusting the high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with the above-mentioned additional heat storage device for heat preservation, which comprises the following steps:

[0034] SS1. Before the experiment, keep the first valve and the sixteenth valve open, and close the remaining valves. The high-pressure argon gas in the argon bottle will press the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank into the circulating pipeline of the primary loop.

[0035] SS2. During the experiment, close the first valve and the sixteenth valve, and open at least the second valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve, and the sixth valve. The liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the primary loop absorbs the heat generated by the subcritical reactor during the circulation process, and transfers the heat to the circulating medium, pressurized water, in the secondary loop through the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger. The pressurized water in the secondary loop is first preliminarily heated by the heater, then absorbs the heat in the primary loop through the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, and is finally introduced into the experimental device to be tested after the temperature is adjusted by the air cooler.

[0036] SS3. When the experiment stops, open the first valve to drive the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the primary loop to flow back to the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank.

[0037] Preferably, in the above step SS2, during the experiment, when it is necessary to transfer heat to the tertiary loop, the opening of the sixth valve is closed or reduced, and at least the ninth valve, the tenth valve, the twelfth valve, and the thirteenth valve are opened, and the eleventh valve and the fourteenth valve are closed, so that the pressurized water in the main circulating pipeline of the secondary loop is all or partially introduced into the third heat exchanger to heat the circulating medium, heat conducting oil, in the tertiary loop, and the heat is stored in the heat storage device through the circulation of the heat conducting oil.

[0038] Preferably, in the above step SS3, when the experiment stops, the tenth valve and the eleventh valve in the tertiary loop are closed, and at least the twelfth valve, the thirteenth valve, and the fourteenth valve are opened, so that the circulating medium, heat conducting oil, in the tertiary loop is introduced into the heat preservation channel through the heat storage device to realize the heat preservation of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank.

[0039] (Three) Technical effects

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the additional heat storage device for the high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system for heat preservation has the following beneficial and significant technical effects:

[0041] (1) The additional heat storage device for the high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system for heat preservation can utilize the heat generated by the subcritical reactor to carry out heat storage / exchange experiments on the experimental device.

[0042] (2) The additional heat storage device of the application is used for the high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system for heat preservation, and in the stopping experimental stage, the heat stored by the heat storage device can be used to heat preservation of the lead-bismuth alloy tank to prevent it from solidifying;

[0043] (3) The additional heat storage device of the application is used for the high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system for heat preservation, and has the advantages of high energy utilization efficiency and no additional power consumption;

[0044] (4) The additional heat storage device of the application is used for the high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system for heat preservation, and can provide reliable and stable experimental support for the research and development of heat storage / heat exchange devices in compressed air energy storage systems, and also provide technical support for the clean, safe and efficient use of nuclear energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the additional heat storage device of the application used for the high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system for heat preservation;

[0046] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a primary loop in the application;

[0047] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a secondary loop in the application;

[0048] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a tertiary loop in the application;

[0049] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS:

[0050] Subcritical reactor 1, circulating pump 2, first expansion tank 3, first heat exchanger 4, second heat exchanger 5, heater 6, circulating water pump 7, experimental device to be measured 8, pressure maintaining gas cylinder 9, second expansion tank 10, air cooler 11, third heat exchanger 12, heat storage device 13, third expansion tank 14, oil pump 15, lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 16, heat preservation channel 17, first valve V1, second valve V2, third valve V3, fourth valve V4, fifth valve V5, sixth valve V6, seventh valve V7, eighth valve V8, ninth valve V9, tenth valve V10, eleventh valve V11, twelfth valve V12, thirteenth valve V13, fourteenth valve V14, fifteenth valve V15, sixteenth valve V16. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] For better understanding of the present application, the following further illustrates the content of the present application in conjunction with the examples. In the drawings, the same or similar notations represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described examples are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The examples described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application. Based on the examples in the present application, all other examples obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present application. The structure and technical solutions of the present application are further specifically described below in conjunction with the drawings, and one embodiment of the present application is given.

[0052] As shown in Figures 1-4 , the additional heat storage device of the present application is used for the heat-insulated high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system, and the constituent components of the experimental system at least include a subcritical reactor 1, a first heat exchanger 4, a second heat exchanger 5, a third heat exchanger 12, a heater 6, an air cooler 11, a heat storage device 13, a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 16 and a to-be-tested experimental device 8, each constituent component is communicated through pipelines and forms at least three loops, the three loops are a loop, a loop 2, a loop 3 respectively, wherein a heat-insulated channel 17 is arranged on the outer wall of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 16 and forms a heat-insulated layer of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 16, the bottom of the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 16 is communicated with the inlet pipeline of the subcritical reactor 1 through a pipeline, and a first valve V1 is arranged on the communication pipeline between the two; the top of the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 16 is communicated with an argon bottle 18 through a pipeline, and a sixteenth valve V16 is arranged on the communication pipeline between the two.

[0053] As shown in Figure 1 , 2 , in the loop, the outlet of the subcritical reactor 1 is communicated with the inlet of the subcritical reactor 1 through the pipeline after the hot side of the first heat exchanger 4 and the hot side of the second heat exchanger 5 which are mutually connected in parallel, forming a circulating loop, and the circulating medium in the loop is liquid lead-bismuth alloy. In the preferred example of the present application, at least one circulating pump 2 is arranged on the main circulating pipeline of the loop to drive the circulation of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy. A first expansion tank 3 is also arranged on the main circulating pipeline of the loop, and the arrangement position of the first expansion tank 3 is at least higher than each component and each pipeline in the loop, so as to balance the volume expansion of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the loop due to the temperature rise, and prevent the pressure fluctuation caused by the temperature change in the loop. The arrangement position of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 16 is at least lower than each component and each pipeline in the loop. The purpose of such arrangement is to ensure that when the experiment is stopped, the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the loop can flow back to the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 16 under the action of gravity.

[0054] As shown in Figure 1 ,3 As shown, in the dual-loop configuration, the outlet of the experimental device 8 under test passes through a pipeline sequentially via a heater 6, the cold side of the first heat exchanger 4 and the cold side of the second heat exchanger 5 connected in parallel, and an air cooler 11 before connecting to the inlet of the experimental device 8 under test, forming a circulation loop. The circulating medium in the dual-loop configuration is pressurized water. The inlet pipeline of the air cooler 11 is also provided with a parallel pipeline passing through the hot side of the third heat exchanger 12. A second valve V2 and a third valve V3 are respectively provided on the inlet and outlet pipelines of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 4. A fourth valve V4 and a fifth valve V5 are respectively provided on the inlet and outlet pipelines of the cold side of the second heat exchanger 5. A sixth valve V6 is provided on the inlet pipeline of the air cooler 11. A ninth valve V9 is provided on the inlet or outlet pipeline of the hot side of the third heat exchanger 12. Preferably, at least one circulating water pump 7 is provided on the main circulation pipeline of the dual-loop configuration to drive the pressurized water circulation. A second expansion tank 10 is also installed on the main circulation pipeline of the secondary loop. The second expansion tank 10 is positioned at least higher than all components and pipelines in the secondary loop to balance the volume expansion of the pressurized water circulating in the secondary loop due to temperature increase, preventing pressure fluctuations caused by temperature changes within the loop. The second expansion tank 10 is also connected to a pressure cylinder 9 via a pipeline equipped with a seventh valve V7. When the seventh valve V7 is open, the pressure cylinder 9 is used to maintain the pressure stability of the pressurized water circulating in the secondary loop, ensuring stable flow of the pressurized water. A first bypass pipeline is also provided in the secondary loop, connected in parallel to the cold side of the first heat exchanger 4 and the cold side of the second heat exchanger 5. An eighth valve V8 is installed on the first bypass pipeline. The eighth valve V8 is used to regulate the flow rate of pressurized water entering the first heat exchanger 4 and the second heat exchanger 5, thereby achieving precise control of the temperature of the pressurized water entering the experimental device 8 under test.

[0055] like Figure 1 , 4As shown, in the three loops, the outlet of the heat storage device 13 is divided into two paths, one path passes through the pipeline, passes through the heat preservation channel 17, and is communicated with the inlet of the heat storage device 13 to form a circulating loop, and the other path passes through the pipeline, passes through the cold side of the third heat exchanger 12, and is communicated with the inlet of the heat storage device 13 to form another circulating loop, and the circulating medium in the three loops is heat conducting oil; a tenth valve V10 is arranged on the inlet or outlet pipeline of the cold side of the third heat exchanger 12, a twelfth valve V12 and a thirteenth valve V13 are respectively arranged on the inlet and outlet pipelines of the heat storage device 13, and a fourteenth valve V14 is arranged on the inlet pipeline of the heat preservation channel 17. In the preferred example of the present application, in the three loops, the cold side of the third heat exchanger 12 is also provided with a second bypass pipeline, and an eleventh valve V11 is arranged on the second bypass pipeline, and the eleventh valve V11 is used to adjust the flow of the circulating medium heat conducting oil entering the cold side of the third heat exchanger 12, so as to realize accurate control of the heat storage temperature of the heat storage device 13. The heat storage device 13 is one of a sensible heat storage device, a phase change heat storage device and a thermochemical heat storage device, or a combination of two or more thereof. At least one oil pump 15 is arranged on the inlet or outlet pipeline of the heat storage device 13, and the oil pump 15 is used to drive the flow of the circulating medium heat conducting oil in the three loops.

[0056] When the experimental system of the present application is used to carry out experiments, at least the following operation steps are included:

[0057] SS1. Before the experiment is carried out, keep the first valve V1 and the sixteenth valve V16 in the open state, close the remaining valves, and the high-pressure argon gas in the argon bottle 18 will press the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 16 into the circulating pipeline of the first loop.

[0058] SS2. In the experimental stage, the first valve V1 and the sixteenth valve V16 are closed, and at least the second valve V2, the third valve V3, the fourth valve V4, the fifth valve V5 and the sixth valve V6 are opened. The liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the first loop absorbs the heat generated by the subcritical reactor 1 in the circulating process, and transfers the heat to the circulating medium pressurized water in the second loop through the first heat exchanger 4 and the second heat exchanger 5; the pressurized water in the second loop is first preliminarily heated by the heater 6 in the circulating process, then enters the first heat exchanger 4 and the second heat exchanger 5 to absorb the heat in the first loop, and then enters the experimental device 8 to be tested after the temperature is adjusted by the air cooler 11; in the experimental process, when it is necessary to transfer heat to the third loop, the sixth valve V6 is closed or the opening degree thereof is reduced, and at least the ninth valve V9, the tenth valve V10, the twelfth valve V12, the thirteenth valve V13 are opened, and the eleventh valve V11 and the fourteenth valve V14 are closed, so that the pressurized water in the main circulating pipeline of the second loop is all or partially introduced into the third heat exchanger 12 to heat the circulating medium heat conducting oil of the third loop, and the heat is stored in the heat storage device 13 through the circulation of the heat conducting oil.

[0059] SS3. When the experiment is stopped, the first valve V1 is opened, and the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the first loop is driven to flow back to the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 16. When the experiment is stopped, the tenth valve V10 and the eleventh valve V11 in the third loop are closed, and the twelfth valve V12, the thirteenth valve V13, and the fourteenth valve V14 are opened, so that the circulating medium, i.e. the heat conducting oil in the third loop, passes through the heat storage device 13 and enters the heat preservation channel 17, to achieve heat preservation for the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 16.

[0060] The above-described embodiments fully and effectively achieve the purposes of the present application. Those skilled in the art can understand that the present application includes but is not limited to the contents described in the drawings and the above specific embodiments. Although the present application has been described in relation to the presently preferred embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and any modification not deviating from the functional and structural principles of the present application is to be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An experimental system of high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy with an additional heat storage device for heat preservation, comprising at least a subcritical reactor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a heater, an air cooler, a heat storage device, a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank and a test device, and each component is connected by pipelines to form a primary loop, a secondary loop and a tertiary loop, characterized in that: a heat preservation channel is arranged on the outer wall of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank to form a heat preservation layer of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank, the bottom of the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank is connected to the inlet pipeline of the subcritical reactor by a pipeline, and a first valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the two; the top of the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank is connected to an argon cylinder by a pipeline, and a sixteenth valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the two; and the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank is arranged below each component and pipeline in the primary loop, so that the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the primary loop can flow back to the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank under the action of gravity when the experiment is stopped; in the primary loop, the outlet of the subcritical reactor is connected to the inlet of the subcritical reactor by a pipeline through the hot side of the first heat exchanger and the hot side of the second heat exchanger in parallel, forming a circulation loop, and the circulating medium in the primary loop is liquid lead-bismuth alloy; and a first expansion tank is arranged on the main circulation pipeline of the primary loop and is arranged above each component and pipeline in the primary loop to balance the volume expansion of the circulating medium liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the primary loop due to temperature rise, preventing pressure fluctuations in the loop caused by temperature changes; in the secondary loop, the outlet of the test device is connected to the inlet of the test device by a pipeline through the heater, the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the cold side of the second heat exchanger in parallel, the air cooler, forming a circulation loop, and the circulating medium in the secondary loop is pressurized water; a parallel pipeline passing through the hot side of the third heat exchanger is arranged on the inlet pipeline of the air cooler, a second valve and a third valve are arranged on the inlet and outlet pipelines of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, respectively, a fourth valve and a fifth valve are arranged on the inlet and outlet pipelines of the cold side of the second heat exchanger, respectively, a sixth valve is arranged on the inlet pipeline of the air cooler, and a ninth valve is arranged on the inlet or outlet pipeline of the hot side of the third heat exchanger; and a second expansion tank is arranged on the main circulation pipeline of the secondary loop and is arranged above each component and pipeline in the secondary loop to balance the volume expansion of the circulating medium pressurized water in the secondary loop due to temperature rise, preventing pressure fluctuations in the loop caused by temperature changes; ​ In the three loops, the outlet of the heat storage device is divided into two paths, one path passes through the pipe and the heat preservation channel, and then communicates with the inlet of the heat storage device to form a circulation loop, the other path passes through the pipe and the cold side of the third heat exchanger, and then communicates with the inlet of the heat storage device to form another circulation loop, and the circulating medium in the three loops is heat conducting oil; a tenth valve is arranged on the inlet or outlet pipe of the cold side of the third heat exchanger, a twelfth valve and a thirteenth valve are respectively arranged on the inlet and outlet pipes of the heat storage device, and a fourteenth valve is arranged on the inlet pipe of the heat preservation channel; and a third expansion tank is further arranged on the main circulating pipe of the three loops, which is arranged higher than each component and each pipe in the three loops, so as to balance the volume expansion of the heat conducting oil in the three loops due to temperature rise, and prevent pressure fluctuation caused by temperature change in the loop.

2. The high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with the additional heat storage device for heat preservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one circulating pump is arranged on the main circulating pipe of the one loop to drive the liquid lead-bismuth alloy to circulate.

3. The high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with the additional heat storage device for heat preservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one circulating water pump is arranged on the main circulating pipe of the two loops to drive the pressurized water to circulate.

4. The high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with the additional heat storage device for heat preservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second expansion tank is further communicated with a pressure maintaining gas cylinder through a pipe provided with a seventh valve, when the seventh valve is in an open state, the pressure maintaining gas cylinder is used to maintain the pressure stability of the pressurized water in the two loops, and ensure the stable flow of the pressurized water.

5. The high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with the additional heat storage device for heat preservation according to claim 4, characterized in that, A first bypass pipe is further arranged in the two loops and is connected with the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the cold side of the second heat exchanger in parallel, an eighth valve is arranged on the first bypass pipe, and is used to adjust the flow of the pressurized water entering the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, so as to realize accurate control of the temperature of the pressurized water entering the experimental device to be tested.

6. The high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with the additional heat storage device for heat preservation according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the three loops, the cold side of the third heat exchanger is further provided with a second bypass pipe, and an eleventh valve is arranged on the second bypass pipe, and the eleventh valve is used to adjust the flow of the circulating medium heat conducting oil entering the cold side of the third heat exchanger, so as to realize accurate control of the heat storage temperature of the heat storage device.

7. The high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with the additional heat storage device for heat preservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat storage device is one of sensible heat storage device, phase change heat storage device and thermochemical heat storage device, or a combination of two or more thereof.

8. The high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with the additional heat storage device for heat preservation according to claim 6, characterized in that, At least one oil pump is arranged on the inlet or outlet pipe of the heat storage device, and the oil pump is used to drive the flow of the circulating medium heat conducting oil in the three loops.

9. The high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with the additional heat storage device for heat preservation according to claim 8, characterized in that, A bypass pipe formed by the oil pump and the fourteenth valve is further arranged in the three loops, and at least one fifteenth valve is arranged on the bypass pipe.

10. The high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with the additional heat storage device for heat preservation according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the experimental system is used to carry out experiments, at least the following operation steps are included: SS1. Before the experiment, keep the first valve and the sixteenth valve in the open state, close the remaining valves, and the high-pressure argon gas in the argon cylinder pressurizes the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank into the circulating pipe of the one loop. SS2. In the experimental stage, the first valve, the sixteenth valve are closed, and at least the second valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve are opened, the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the primary loop absorbs the heat generated by the subcritical reactor in the circulation process, and transmits the heat to the circulating medium pressurized water in the secondary loop through the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger; the pressurized water in the secondary loop is first heated by the heater in the circulation process, then enters the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger to absorb the heat in the primary loop, and then enters the experimental device to be tested after the temperature is adjusted by the air cooler to carry out the experiment; SS3. When the experiment stops, the first valve is opened, and the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the primary loop is driven to flow back to the inner cavity of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank.

11. The high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with the additional heat storage device for heat preservation according to claim 10, characterized in that, In the above step SS2, during the experiment, when it is needed to transmit heat to the three loop, the sixth valve is closed or the opening degree thereof is reduced, and at least the ninth valve, the tenth valve, the twelfth valve, the thirteenth valve are opened, and the eleventh valve and the fourteenth valve are closed, so that the pressurized water in the main circulating pipeline of the secondary loop is all or partially introduced into the third heat exchanger to heat the circulating medium heat conducting oil of the three loop, and the heat is stored in the heat storage device through the circulation of the heat conducting oil.

12. The high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with the additional heat storage device for heat preservation according to claim 10, characterized in that, In the above step SS3, when the experiment stops, the tenth valve and the eleventh valve in the three loop are closed, and at least the twelfth valve, the thirteenth valve, the fourteenth valve are opened, so that the circulating medium heat conducting oil in the three loop passes through the heat storage device and is introduced into the heat preservation channel to realize the heat preservation of the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the inner cavity of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank.

13. The high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with the additional heat storage device for thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valves in the experimental system are one or more combinations of butterfly valves, ball valves, gate valves, stop valves and plug valves, and are controlled by electricity, gas, liquid or manually.

14. A method for regulating a high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy experimental system with a heat-insulating device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The adjusting method at least includes the following steps: SS1. Before the experiment, the first valve and the sixteenth valve are kept in the opened state, and the remaining valves are closed, and the high-pressure argon gas in the argon bottle drives the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the inner cavity of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank into the circulating pipeline of the primary loop; SS2. In the experimental stage, the first valve and the sixteenth valve are closed, and at least the second valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve are opened, the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the primary loop absorbs the heat generated by the subcritical reactor in the circulation process, and transmits the heat to the circulating medium pressurized water in the secondary loop through the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger; the pressurized water in the secondary loop is first heated by the heater in the circulation process, then enters the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger to absorb the heat in the primary loop, and then enters the experimental device to be tested after the temperature is adjusted by the air cooler to carry out the experiment; SS3. When the experiment stops, the first valve is opened, and the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the primary loop is driven to flow back to the inner cavity of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank.

15. The conditioning method of claim 14, wherein, In the step SS2, when it is needed to transfer heat to the third loop during the experiment, the sixth valve is closed or the opening degree of the sixth valve is reduced, and the ninth valve, the tenth valve, the twelfth valve and the thirteenth valve are opened, and the eleventh valve and the fourteenth valve are closed, so that the pressurized water in the main circulating pipeline of the second loop is all or partially introduced into the third heat exchanger to heat the circulating medium heat conducting oil of the third loop, and the heat is stored in the heat storage device through the circulation of the heat conducting oil.

16. The conditioning method of claim 14, wherein, In the step SS3, when the experiment is stopped, the tenth valve and the eleventh valve in the third loop are closed, and the twelfth valve, the thirteenth valve and the fourteenth valve are opened, so that the circulating medium heat conducting oil in the third loop is introduced into the heat preservation channel through the heat storage device, and the heat preservation of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the inner cavity of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank is realized.

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