Functional edible mushroom bag culture medium and application thereof in edible mushroom cultivation

Abstract

The application discloses a functional edible mushroom bag culture medium and application thereof in edible mushroom cultivation, and belongs to the technical field of mushroom cultivation. The functional edible mushroom bag culture medium is composed of sawdust, corn cob, a composite filling matrix, soybean meal powder, quicklime and fish bone powder, and the mass fractions of the components are as follows: 18-22% of corn cob, 5-9% of the composite filling matrix, 0.5-2% of the soybean meal powder, 0.5-1.5% of the quicklime, 1-2% of the fish bone powder, and the rest of the sawdust. The application tests mineral substances of edible mushrooms and culture media, reasonably adds organic mineral substances according to the demand of human body absorbable functional mineral substances, and converts inorganic mineral substances into organic mineral substances which are convenient for human body absorption by using the high-efficiency absorption of edible mushrooms, so as to form a special technology of mycelium bag cultivation of functional edible mushrooms.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the cultivation technology field of mushrooms, and particularly relates to a functional edible fungus bag culture medium and application thereof in edible fungus cultivation. BACKGROUND

[0002] Edible fungi refer to a kind of large fungi with fleshy or gelatinous fruit bodies or periderm-like tissues that can be used for food and medicine. Edible fungi have high nutritional value and are rich in protein, fungal polysaccharides, dietary fiber, vitamins and many trace elements. The cultivation of edible fungi highly depends on edible fungus bag culture medium, and a good fungus bag culture medium can provide a favorable environment for the growth of edible fungus mycelium and improve the yield of edible fungi.

[0003] Chinese patent CN103910547A discloses an edible fungus culture medium, a preparation method thereof and an edible fungus culture method. The edible fungus culture medium comprises, by weight fraction, 75-86 parts of sawdust, 12-20 parts of bran, 1-5 parts of yeast fermentation product and 0.5-2 parts of gypsum. The organic matter content in the yeast fermentation product is greater than or equal to 50%, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is greater than or equal to 10%, and the amino acid content is greater than or equal to 6%. By adding the yeast fermentation product in the culture medium to replace the sugar and part of the bran in the traditional edible fungus culture medium, high-quality edible fungi can be cultivated while the production cost of edible fungi is greatly reduced. The edible fungus culture medium has low pollution rate, high content of organic matter, amino acid and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the yeast fermentation product, and the beneficial microorganisms in the ingredients and the granular organic fertilizer in the ingredients can meet the growth of edible fungus strains, the fungus rod has fast growth and good quality, the mycelium is dense and strong, the light receiving degree is high, and the disease prevention performance is good.

[0004] Chinese patent CN108395332A provides an edible fungus culture medium and a preparation method thereof. The edible fungus culture medium comprises the following components in mass fraction: 15-25 parts of edible fungus residue, 6-8 parts of edible fungus root, 15-30 parts of tea seed shell, 15-25 parts of sunflower seed meal, 6-8 parts of mink feces, 0.8-2 parts of edible fungus water-retaining agent, 15-30 parts of straw particles, 2-3 parts of composite regulator and 0.5-1.5 parts of lime. The edible fungus culture medium of the application is rich in nutrients, has high mushroom yield, good mushroom shape and high quality, and adds the self-developed edible fungus water-retaining agent and composite regulator, thereby avoiding the water supplement program in the growth process of edible fungi, shortening the growth cycle of edible fungi, increasing the finished product rate of fungus rods, reducing the pollution rate, and enabling the edible fungus residue after harvesting of fruiting bodies to be directly used for feed, fertilizer and the like. The addition of the water-retaining agent and the regulator does not affect the waste reuse of the edible fungus residue.

[0005] In the cultivation process of edible fungi, the growth of mycelium needs a large amount of oxygen, so the air permeability and water retention capacity of the fungus bag medium are required to be high. The plant-based material used in the prior art will gradually decompose during the growth of mycelium, reducing the permeability of the medium and affecting the absorption of nutrients and mineral elements by edible fungi, which is difficult to meet the expected cultivation effect. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the above defects of the prior art, the problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a functional edible fungus bag medium and its application in the cultivation of edible fungi.

[0007] Through the test of minerals in edible fungi and fungus culture medium, according to the demand of functional minerals absorbable by human body, the organic minerals are reasonably added, the inorganic minerals are efficiently absorbed by edible fungi to convert into organic minerals which are easy to be absorbed by human body, and the special technology of fungus bag cultivation of functional edible fungi is formed.

[0008] A functional edible fungus bag medium is composed of sawdust, corn cob, composite filling substrate, soybean meal powder, quicklime and fish bone powder, and the mass fraction of each component is as follows: corn cob 18-22%, composite filling substrate 5-9%, soybean meal powder 0.5-2%, quicklime 0.5-1.5%, fish bone powder 1-2%, and the balance is sawdust.

[0009] Preferably, the sawdust is any one of poplar sawdust, locust tree sawdust and mulberry sawdust.

[0010] The composite filling substrate used in the present application is composed of filling carbon material and polymeric skeleton material in proportion; wherein the coal tar pitch is subjected to oxidation treatment, then continues to undergo oxidation polymerization with o-tolidine, and then is subjected to carbonization treatment in a closed anaerobic environment, the carbonization product is subjected to secondary oxidation to obtain the filling carbon material; the polymeric skeleton material is polymerized from 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, pyrrole and diethanol formaldehyde.

[0011] In the preparation process of the filling carbon material, first, coal tar pitch is oxidized to obtain an oxidation precursor, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the oxidation precursor are parallel, compact and multi-layer graphene structure, and the actual available space is small under the action of pi-pi stacking; therefore, the present application promotes the connection of the oxygen-containing functional groups in the oxidation precursor and the amine groups of o-tolidine through chemical oxidation polymerization, occupies and supports the branch space of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of the oxidation precursor through the benzene ring structure of o-tolidine, and completes nitrogen atom doping, so as to increase the intermolecular distance, reduce the irreversible aggregation and stacking, and because the radius and valence electron of the nitrogen atom are close to those of the carbon atom, the degree of influence of the combination on the carbon lattice distortion is small, which is beneficial to the formation of pores. The rapid growth of edible fungi requires a large amount of oxygen for respiration, and the culture medium also needs to maintain humidity, and anoxic and dry environment is not suitable for the growth of edible fungus mycelium and mushroom cultivation. The polymer skeleton material is polymerized from 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, pyrrole and diethylene glycol formaldehyde, also has a porous structure and a volume greater than that of the filling carbon material, and can play a full supporting role in the culture medium and form a channel conducive to air circulation. The filling carbon material and the polymer skeleton material of the composite filling matrix have nitrogen-containing functional groups, good hydrophilicity, good water retention capacity, and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface can improve the oxygen adsorption activity, and can create a good environment for the growth of mycelium.

[0012] Preferably, the preparation method of the composite filling matrix is as follows:

[0013] S1, coal tar pitch is mixed with deionized water and ground until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain pitch slurry; an oxidizing agent is added to the pitch slurry, mixed uniformly and subjected to oxidation reaction; after the oxidation reaction is completed, the product is subjected to centrifugal treatment to separate and collect the precipitate, the precipitate is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain an oxidation precursor, which is ready for use;

[0014] S2, the oxidation precursor, o-tolidine and acid liquid are mixed uniformly, then an oxidizing agent is added and subjected to oxidation polymerization reaction under reflux conditions; after the oxidation polymerization reaction is completed, the insoluble substance is collected by centrifugal separation, and the insoluble substance is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain a pre-carbonized substrate, which is ready for use;

[0015] S3, the pre-carbonized substrate is mixed with potassium hydroxide uniformly, then subjected to carbonization treatment in a closed and nitrogen-protected manner; after the carbonization treatment is completed, the product is washed with deionized water until the eluate pH is neutral, and dried to obtain a carbonized product; the carbonized product, sodium nitrate and concentrated sulfuric acid are mixed uniformly, an oxidizing agent is added and subjected to secondary oxidation; after the secondary oxidation is completed, the precipitate is collected by centrifugal separation, the precipitate is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain a filling carbon material, which is ready for use;

[0016] S4, 4, 4'-dimethyl-2, 2'-dipyridyl, pyrrole, diethyl formaldehyde and N, N-dimethylformamide are mixed uniformly, a catalyst is added and a polymerization reaction is carried out in a closed anaerobic environment; after the polymerization reaction is completed, the solid is collected by centrifugal separation, and is sequentially washed with anhydrous ethanol, deionized water and dried to obtain a polymer skeleton material, which is reserved;

[0017] S5, the polymer skeleton material is mixed with the filling carbon material in proportion to obtain a filling material; the filling material is mixed with anhydrous ethanol, and each component is uniformly dispersed by ultrasonic treatment, and then anhydrous ethanol is removed by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain a composite filling matrix.

[0018] Specifically, the preparation method of the composite filling matrix is as follows, in parts by weight:

[0019] S1, 3.60-4.65 parts of coal tar pitch is mixed with 30-45 parts of deionized water to grind until each component is uniformly dispersed to obtain a pitch slurry; 0.95-1.45 parts of potassium permanganate is added to the pitch slurry, mixed uniformly and subjected to an oxidation reaction; after the oxidation reaction is completed, the product is separated and collected by centrifugal treatment, and the precipitate is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain an oxidation precursor, which is reserved;

[0020] S2, 2.95-3.85 parts of the oxidation precursor, 0.10-0.15 parts of o-tolidine and 75-100 parts of hydrochloric acid are mixed uniformly at 0-4°C, then 0.10-0.15 parts of ammonium persulfate is added and subjected to an oxidation polymerization reaction under reflux conditions; after the oxidation polymerization reaction is completed, the insoluble material is collected by centrifugal separation, and the insoluble material is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain a pre-carbonization matrix, which is reserved;

[0021] S3, 2.35-3.05 parts of the pre-carbonization matrix and 7.25-9.45 parts of potassium hydroxide are mixed uniformly, then subjected to carbonization treatment in a closed and nitrogen atmosphere; after the carbonization treatment is completed, the product is washed with deionized water until the pH of the eluent is neutral, and dried to obtain a carbonization product; 1.35-1.75 parts of the carbonization product, 0.65-0.90 parts of sodium nitrate and 60-75 parts of concentrated sulfuric acid are mixed uniformly, 4.05-5.30 parts of potassium permanganate is added and subjected to a second oxidation; after the second oxidation is completed, the precipitate is collected by centrifugal separation, the precipitate is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain a filling carbon material, which is reserved;

[0022] S4, 1.85-2.40 parts of 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 2.00-2.65 parts of pyrrole, 6.25-8.10 parts of diethylene glycol formaldehyde and 30-40 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide are mixed uniformly, 9.75-12.65 parts of iron chloride is added and polymerization reaction is carried out under the condition of being closed and nitrogen protection; after the polymerization reaction is completed, the solid is collected by centrifugal separation, and is washed by anhydrous ethanol, deionized water in sequence and dried to obtain a polymer skeleton material, which is reserved;

[0023] S5, the polymer skeleton material and the filling carbon material are mixed in proportion to obtain a filling material; the filling material is mixed with anhydrous ethanol, and each component is uniformly dispersed by ultrasonic treatment, and then anhydrous ethanol is removed by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain a composite filling matrix.

[0024] Preferably, the temperature of the oxidation reaction in step S1 is 25-40℃, and the reaction time is 3-8h.

[0025] Preferably, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in step S2 is 1.0-1.5mol / L.

[0026] Preferably, the temperature of the oxidative polymerization reaction in step S2 is 60-75℃, and the reaction time is 4-10h.

[0027] Preferably, the temperature of the carbonization treatment in step S3 is 500-650℃, and the treatment time is 0.5-3h.

[0028] Preferably, the mass fraction of the concentrated sulfuric acid in step S3 is 98.3%.

[0029] Preferably, the temperature of the secondary oxidation in step S3 is 5-20℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-1.5h.

[0030] Preferably, the polymerization reaction in step S4 is carried out in two stages, first at 55-65℃ for 0.5-1.5h, and then the temperature is raised to 80-95℃ and the reaction is continued for 0.5-1.0h.

[0031] In the filling material of step S5, the mass ratio of the polymer skeleton material to the filling carbon material is (3.85-4.65):1, preferably 4.25:1.

[0032] Preferably, the solid-liquid ratio of the filling material to anhydrous ethanol in step S5 is 1:(7-14)g / mL.

[0033] The application also provides the application of the functional edible mushroom bag culture medium in edible mushroom cultivation, and the specific cultivation method is as follows:

[0034] 1) The sterilized functional edible fungus bag culture medium is packaged in a fungus bag, and the edible fungus mycelium is inoculated into the fungus bag under sterile conditions. After inoculation, the fungus bag is transferred to a growth environment suitable for the edible fungus for cultivation;

[0035] 2) After the mycelium grows completely, the fungus is induced, the fungus bud is formed, the fungus bag film is cut to squat the fungus, and the edible fungus is harvested after growing completely.

[0036] On the basis of common sense in the art, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be combined arbitrarily, i.e. to obtain each preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0037] The introduction and functions of part of the raw materials in the formula of the present application are as follows:

[0038] Soybean meal powder: powder made from oil cakes obtained after soybean oil extraction, which can be used as feed and fertilizer. It has high crude protein content, good digestibility, and high content of various essential amino acids, and is rich in various vitamins such as niacin, pantothenic acid, and choline.

[0039] Fish bone powder: fish bone powder is a by-product obtained after removing fish meat from a whole fish, and then drying and crushing the product; fish bone powder has high calcium content, contains collagen, keratin, vitamins, polysaccharides, amino acids, and various minerals, which are used to provide inorganic minerals for efficient absorption by edible fungi and conversion into organic minerals that are easy for the human body to absorb.

[0040] Advantages of the present application:

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present application tests the minerals of edible fungi and fungus culture medium, reasonably adds organic minerals according to the demand of functional minerals absorbable by the human body, utilizes the high efficiency of edible fungi in absorbing inorganic minerals to convert them into organic minerals that are easy for the human body to absorb, and forms a special technology for cultivating fungus mycelium bags of functional edible fungi.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present application uses a composite filling substrate as a culture medium filler to prevent the culture medium from being hardened and to increase air flow and water retention capacity; the composite filling substrate has a high specific surface area and a rigid support structure, which can provide sufficient support in the culture medium and form channels conducive to air circulation. The filling carbon material and the polymeric skeleton material of the composite filling substrate have nitrogen-containing functional groups, good hydrophilicity, good water retention capacity, oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface to improve oxygen adsorption activity, and can create a good environment for the growth of mycelium. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present application will be further described by way of examples, but the present application is not limited to the scope of the examples. The experimental methods in the following examples are not specified, and the methods are selected according to conventional methods and conditions, or according to the instructions of the commodity.

[0044] The parameters of some raw materials in the examples of the present application are as follows:

[0045] Poplar sawdust, product number: 41, produced by Shengshou County Xinhui Mining Processing Factory;

[0046] Soybean meal powder, product number: 142128, produced by Shanghai Kolamann Reagent Co., Ltd.;

[0047] Fish bone powder, product number: KRQaATXw, produced by Taizhou Agricultural Products Special Store;

[0048] Coal tar pitch, product number: 203, produced by Hengshui Zehao Rubber Chemical Co., Ltd.;

[0049] Hydrochloric acid, concentration: 1.0 mol / L, produced by Shenzhen Haishan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0050] Concentrated sulfuric acid, mass fraction: 98.3%, produced by Henan Dongke Chemical Product Sales Co., Ltd. Example 1

[0051] A functional edible mushroom bag culture medium, the mass fractions of the components are as follows: 20% of corncob, 7% of composite filling substrate, 1.5% of soybean meal powder, 1.0% of quicklime, 1.5% of fish bone powder, and the rest of poplar sawdust.

[0052] The preparation method of the composite filling substrate is as follows:

[0053] S1, 3.60 kg of coal tar pitch was mixed with 30 kg of deionized water and ground until the components were uniformly dispersed to obtain pitch slurry; 0.95 kg of potassium permanganate was added to the pitch slurry, mixed uniformly and subjected to oxidation reaction, the oxidation reaction temperature was 30℃, and the reaction time was 4h; after the oxidation reaction was completed, the product was separated and collected by centrifugal treatment, the precipitate was washed with deionized water and dried to obtain an oxidation precursor, which was ready for use;

[0054] S2, 2.95 kg of the oxidation precursor, 0.10 kg of o-tolidine and 75 kg of hydrochloric acid were mixed uniformly at 0℃, then 0.10 kg of ammonium persulfate was added and subjected to oxidation polymerization reaction under reflux condition, the oxidation polymerization reaction temperature was 70℃, and the reaction time was 6h; after the oxidation polymerization reaction was completed, the insoluble substance was collected by centrifugal separation, and the insoluble substance was washed with deionized water and dried to obtain a pre-carbonized substrate, which was ready for use;

[0055] S3, 2.35 kg of the pre-carbonization substrate is mixed with 7.25 kg of potassium hydroxide, and then carbonization treatment is carried out in a closed and nitrogen-protected manner, the carbonization treatment temperature is 600 DEG C, and the treatment time is 1.5 h; after the carbonization treatment is completed, the product is washed with deionized water until the eluent pH is neutral, and then dried to obtain a carbonization product; 1.35 kg of the carbonization product, 0.65 kg of sodium nitrate, and 60 kg of concentrated sulfuric acid are mixed uniformly, 4.05 kg of potassium permanganate is added, and secondary oxidation is carried out, the secondary oxidation temperature is 15 DEG C, and the reaction time is 1 h; after the secondary oxidation is completed, the precipitate is collected by centrifugal separation, the precipitate is washed with deionized water, and then dried to obtain a filled carbon material, which is used for standby;

[0056] S4, 1.85 kg of 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 2.00 kg of pyrrole, 6.25 kg of diethylene glycol formaldehyde, and 30 kg of N,N-dimethylformamide are mixed uniformly, 9.75 kg of iron chloride is added, and polymerization is carried out in a closed and nitrogen-protected manner, the polymerization is carried out in two stages, first at 60 DEG C for 1 h, and then heated to 85 DEG C and continued to react for 0.5 h; after the polymerization reaction is completed, the solid is collected by centrifugal separation, and then washed with anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, and dried to obtain a polymer skeleton material, which is used for standby;

[0057] S5, the polymer skeleton material and the filled carbon material are mixed in a mass ratio of 4.25:1 to obtain a filling material; the filling material is mixed with anhydrous ethanol, the solid-liquid ratio is 1:14 g / mL, ultrasonic treatment is carried out to disperse the components uniformly, and then anhydrous ethanol is removed by reduced pressure distillation to obtain a composite filling matrix. Example 2

[0058] This example is basically the same as example 1, the difference is that in this example, the filling material of step S5 is prepared by mixing the polymer skeleton material and the filled carbon material in a mass ratio of 3.85:1. Example 3

[0059] This example is basically the same as example 1, the difference is that in this example, the filling material of step S5 is prepared by mixing the polymer skeleton material and the filled carbon material in a mass ratio of 4.65:1. Example 4

[0060] A functional edible mushroom bag culture medium, the mass fraction of each component is as follows: corn cob 20%, composite filling matrix 7%, soybean meal powder 1.5%, quicklime 1.0%, fish bone powder 1.5%, and the balance is poplar sawdust.

[0061] The preparation method of the composite filling matrix is as follows:

[0062] S1, 4.65 kg of coal tar pitch was mixed with 45 kg of deionized water to grind until the components were uniformly dispersed to obtain a pitch slurry; 1.45 kg of potassium permanganate was added to the pitch slurry, mixed uniformly and subjected to oxidation reaction, the temperature of the oxidation reaction was 30℃, and the reaction time was 4 h; after the oxidation reaction was completed, the product was separated by centrifugal treatment and the precipitate was collected, washed with deionized water, and dried to obtain an oxidation precursor, which was ready for use;

[0063] S2, 3.85 kg of the oxidation precursor, 0.15 kg of o-tolidine and 100 kg of hydrochloric acid were mixed uniformly at 0℃, then 0.15 kg of ammonium persulfate was added and subjected to oxidative polymerization reaction under reflux condition, the temperature of the oxidative polymerization reaction was 70℃, and the reaction time was 6 h; after the oxidative polymerization reaction was completed, the insoluble substance was collected by centrifugal separation, washed with deionized water, and dried to obtain a pre-carbonized base material, which was ready for use;

[0064] S3, 3.05 kg of the pre-carbonized base material was mixed with 9.45 kg of potassium hydroxide, then subjected to carbonization treatment under airtight and nitrogen protection, the temperature of the carbonization treatment was 600℃, and the treatment time was 1.5 h; after the carbonization treatment was completed, the product was washed with deionized water until the pH of the eluent was neutral, and dried to obtain a carbonized product; 1.75 kg of the carbonized product, 0.90 kg of sodium nitrate and 75 kg of concentrated sulfuric acid were mixed uniformly, 5.30 kg of potassium permanganate was added and subjected to secondary oxidation, the temperature of the secondary oxidation was 15℃, and the reaction time was 1 h; after the secondary oxidation was completed, the precipitate was collected by centrifugal separation, the precipitate was washed with deionized water, and dried to obtain a filled carbon material, which was ready for use;

[0065] S4, 2.40 kg of 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 2.65 kg of pyrrole, 8.10 kg of diethylene glycol formal and 40 kg of N,N-dimethylformamide were mixed uniformly, 12.65 kg of iron chloride was added and subjected to polymerization reaction under airtight and nitrogen protection, the polymerization reaction was carried out in two stages, first at 60℃ for 1 h, then the temperature was raised to 85℃ and continued to react for 0.5 h; after the polymerization reaction was completed, the solid was collected by centrifugal separation, washed with anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, and dried to obtain a polymer skeleton material, which was ready for use;

[0066] S5, the polymer skeleton material and the filled carbon material were mixed in a mass ratio of 4.25:1 to obtain a filling material; the filling material was mixed with anhydrous ethanol, the solid-liquid ratio was 1:14 g / mL, and each component was uniformly dispersed by ultrasonic treatment, then the anhydrous ethanol was removed by reduced pressure distillation to obtain a composite filling matrix. Example 5

[0067] A functional edible mushroom bag culture medium, the mass fraction of each component is as follows: corn cob 20%, composite filling matrix 7%, soybean meal powder 1.5%, quicklime 1.0%, fish bone powder 1.5%, and the balance is poplar sawdust.

[0068] The preparation method of the composite filling matrix is as follows:

[0069] S1, 3.60 kg of coal tar pitch is mixed with 30 kg of deionized water to grind until each component is uniformly dispersed to obtain pitch slurry; 0.95 kg of potassium permanganate is added to the pitch slurry, mixed uniformly and subjected to oxidation reaction, the oxidation reaction temperature is 30°C, the reaction time is 4h; after the oxidation reaction is completed, the product is separated and collected by centrifugal treatment, the precipitate is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain an oxidation precursor, which is ready for use;

[0070] S2, another 2.35 kg of the oxidation precursor is mixed with 7.25 kg of potassium hydroxide, and then subjected to carbonization treatment under airtight and nitrogen protection, the carbonization treatment temperature is 600°C, and the treatment time is 1.5h; after the carbonization treatment is completed, the product is washed with deionized water until the eluate pH is neutral, and then dried to obtain a carbonized product; another 1.35 kg of the carbonized product, 0.65 kg of sodium nitrate and 60 kg of concentrated sulfuric acid are mixed uniformly, 4.05 kg of potassium permanganate is added and subjected to secondary oxidation, the secondary oxidation temperature is 15°C, and the reaction time is 1h; after the secondary oxidation is completed, the precipitate is collected by centrifugal separation, the precipitate is washed with deionized water, and then dried to obtain a filling carbon material, which is ready for use;

[0071] S3, 1.85 kg of 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, 2.00 kg of pyrrole, 6.25 kg of diethylene glycol formaldehyde and 30 kg of N,N-dimethylformamide are mixed uniformly, 9.75 kg of iron chloride is added and subjected to polymerization reaction under airtight and nitrogen protection, the polymerization reaction is carried out in two stages, first at 60°C for 1h, then heated to 85°C and continued to react for 0.5h; after the polymerization reaction is completed, the solid is collected by centrifugal separation, and then washed with anhydrous ethanol, deionized water and dried in sequence to obtain a polymer skeleton material, which is ready for use;

[0072] S4, the polymer skeleton material and the filling carbon material are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4.25:1 to obtain a filling material; the filling material is mixed with anhydrous ethanol, the solid-liquid ratio is 1:14 g / mL, each component is uniformly dispersed by ultrasonic treatment, and then the anhydrous ethanol is removed by reduced pressure distillation to obtain a composite filling matrix. Example 6

[0073] A functional edible mushroom bag culture medium, the mass fraction of each component is as follows: corn cob 20%, filling matrix 7%, soybean meal powder 1.5%, quicklime 1.0%, fish bone powder 1.5%, and the balance is poplar sawdust.

[0074] The preparation method of the filling matrix is as follows:

[0075] 1.85 kg of 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 2.00 kg of pyrrole, 6.25 kg of diethylene glycol formaldehyde and 30 kg of N,N-dimethylformamide are uniformly mixed, 9.75 kg of iron chloride is added and polymerization is carried out under closed and nitrogen protection, the polymerization is carried out in two stages, first at 60°C for 1 h, then the temperature is raised to 85°C and the reaction is continued for 0.5 h; after the polymerization is completed, the solid is collected by centrifugal separation, washed with anhydrous ethanol, deionized water in sequence, and dried to obtain the filling matrix. Example 7

[0076] A functional edible mushroom bag culture medium, the mass fraction of each component is as follows: corn cob 20%, filling matrix 7%, soybean meal powder 1.5%, quicklime 1.0%, fish bone powder 1.5%, and the balance is poplar sawdust.

[0077] The preparation method of the filling matrix is as follows:

[0078] S1, 3.60 kg of coal tar pitch and 30 kg of deionized water are mixed and ground until the components are uniformly dispersed to obtain pitch slurry; 0.95 kg of potassium permanganate is added to the pitch slurry, mixed uniformly and subjected to oxidation reaction, the oxidation reaction temperature is 30°C, and the reaction time is 4 h; after the oxidation reaction is completed, the product is separated and the precipitate is collected by centrifugal treatment, the precipitate is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain an oxidation precursor, which is ready for use;

[0079] S2, 2.95 kg of the oxidation precursor, 0.10 kg of o-tolidine and 75 kg of hydrochloric acid are mixed uniformly at 0°C, then 0.10 kg of ammonium persulfate is added and subjected to oxidative polymerization under reflux conditions, the oxidative polymerization temperature is 70°C, and the reaction time is 6 h; after the oxidative polymerization is completed, the insoluble material is collected by centrifugal separation, washed with deionized water and dried to obtain a pre-carbonized substrate, which is ready for use;

[0080] S3, 2.35 kg of the pre-carbonized substrate and 7.25 kg of potassium hydroxide are uniformly mixed, then subjected to carbonization treatment under closed and nitrogen protection, the carbonization treatment temperature is 600°C, and the treatment time is 1.5 h; after the carbonization treatment is completed, the product is washed with deionized water until the pH of the eluent is neutral, and dried to obtain a carbonized product; 1.35 kg of the carbonized product, 0.65 kg of sodium nitrate and 60 kg of concentrated sulfuric acid are uniformly mixed, 4.05 kg of potassium permanganate is added and subjected to secondary oxidation, the secondary oxidation temperature is 15°C, and the reaction time is 1 h; after the secondary oxidation is completed, the precipitate is collected by centrifugal separation, the precipitate is washed with deionized water, and dried to obtain a filling matrix.

[0081] Compare with Example 1

[0082] A functional edible mushroom bag culture medium, the mass fraction of each component is as follows: corn cob 20%, soybean meal powder 1.5%, quicklime 1.0%, fish bone powder 1.5%, and the balance is poplar wood chips.

[0083] Test Example 1

[0084] The functional edible mushroom bag culture medium prepared according to the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention was used as the substrate for cultivating shiitake mushrooms, and the differences in mineral content in products harvested using different culture media were tested. The shiitake mushroom variety used in the test was Jixiang 15. The sterilized functional edible mushroom bag culture medium was packaged into cultivation bags, and shiitake mushroom mycelium was inoculated into the bags under aseptic conditions. After inoculation, the bags were transferred to a spawn chamber for cultivation. The bags were arranged in a "well" shape, ideally with 8 layers high. The cultivation room temperature was controlled at approximately 23°C, and the relative humidity was 50%. Five days after inoculation, the room temperature was raised to 28°C and maintained in a dark, sealed environment. After 10 days, the room temperature was controlled at 25°C, with ventilation twice daily (morning and evening). The bags were turned over once a week, and their positions were rotated both vertically and horizontally to ensure each bag received the same cultivation conditions. After 14 days, when the mycelium entered its peak growth period, ventilation was increased three times daily. After 45 days, the shading material was removed. After the mycelium has fully grown, the mushrooms are induced to grow. After 3 days of induced growth, the bags are picked out, and the plastic film around the mushroom buds is cut to allow the mushrooms to settle. The settling period is 7 days. Once the shiitake mushrooms have fully grown, they are harvested.

[0085] After uniformly harvesting and cleaning to remove impurities, the content of representative minerals in different batches of shiitake mushrooms was tested according to relevant standards. The tested minerals were iron, zinc, calcium, and phosphorus. The determination of mineral content followed the methods and procedures specified in GB5009.90-2016 "Determination of Iron in Food", GB 5009.14-2017 "Determination of Zinc in Food", GB 5009.92-2016 "Determination of Calcium in Food", and GB5009.87-2016 "Determination of Phosphorus in Food". During the testing, wet digestion was uniformly used for sample digestion, and the hydroquinone and sodium sulfite reduction method was used for phosphorus determination. The results of mineral content determination for shiitake mushrooms cultivated using different functional edible mushroom bag culture media are shown in Table 1.

[0086] Table 1:

[0087]

[0088] As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, by testing the mineral substances of edible fungi and fungus culture medium, the present application reasonably adds organic mineral substances according to the needs of human body absorbable functional mineral substances, utilizes the high-efficiency inorganic mineral substance absorption of edible fungi to convert the inorganic mineral substances into organic mineral substances convenient for human body absorption, and forms the mycelium bag cultivation special technology of functional edible fungi. There are differences in the absorption and conversion capacity of nutritional elements of different functional edible fungi bag culture medium during the cultivation process, and the example 1 has the best cultivation effect.

[0089] Test Example 2

[0090] The specific surface area of the composite filling medium or filling medium prepared in some examples was determined by gas adsorption BET method. The test was carried out according to the method and steps provided in GB / T 19587-2017 "Gas adsorption BET method for determining the specific surface area of solid substances". The test instrument was JT-2000 specific surface area and porosity analyzer (Beijing Haisi Rui Technology Co., Ltd.), the test method was static volume method, the test temperature was 25℃, and the adsorbate was helium. The test results of the specific surface area are shown in Table 2.

[0091] Table 2:

[0092]

[0093] As can be seen from the test results in Table 2, the example 1 has a higher specific surface area, is suitable for water retention and pore formation in the medium, promotes air exchange and the growth of edible fungi.

[0094] The reason for the test results of the above test examples may be that, in the preparation process of the filled carbon material, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the oxidation precursor is a parallel, compact and multi-layer graphene structure, and the available space is small under the action of pi-pi stacking; therefore, the present application promotes the connection of the oxygen-containing functional groups in the oxidation precursor and the amine groups of o-tolidine by chemical oxidation polymerization, occupies the branch space of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of the oxidation precursor through the benzene ring structure of o-tolidine and completes nitrogen atom doping, thereby increasing the intermolecular distance, reducing the irreversible aggregation and accumulation thereof; since the radius and valence electrons of the nitrogen atom are close to those of the carbon atom, the degree of influence of such combination on the distortion of the carbon lattice is small, which is beneficial to the formation of pores. The rapid growth of edible fungi requires a large amount of oxygen for respiration, and the culture medium also needs to maintain humidity, and anoxic and dry environment is not suitable for the growth of edible fungus mycelium and mushroom cultivation. The polymer skeleton material is polymerized from 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl and pyrrole, diethylene glycol formaldehyde, also has a porous structure and a volume larger than that of the filled carbon material, and can play a full supporting role in the culture medium and form a channel for air circulation. The filled carbon material and the polymer skeleton material of the composite filled substrate have nitrogen-containing functional groups, good hydrophilicity, good water retention capacity, and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface can improve the oxygen adsorption activity, and can create a good environment for the growth of mycelium.

Claims

1. A functional edible mushroom bag culture medium, which is composed of sawdust, corn cob, a composite filling matrix, soybean meal powder, quicklime, and fish bone powder, characterized in that, The mass fraction of each component is as follows: 18-22% of corncob, 5-9% of composite filling matrix, 0.5-2% of soybean meal powder, 0.5-1.5% of quicklime, 1-2% of fish bone powder, and the balance of sawdust; the composite filling matrix is composed of filling carbon material and polymer skeleton material in a certain proportion; wherein, coal tar pitch is oxidized, then continues to be oxidized and polymerized with o-tolidine, and then is carbonized in a closed anaerobic environment; the carbonized product is oxidized again to obtain the filling carbon material; the polymer skeleton material is polymerized from 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, pyrrole and diethylene glycol formaldehyde; The preparation method of the composite filling matrix is as follows, in terms of weight parts: S1, 3.60-4.65 parts of coal tar pitch is mixed with 30-45 parts of deionized water and ground until each component is uniformly dispersed to obtain pitch slurry; 0.95-1.45 parts of potassium permanganate is added to the pitch slurry, mixed uniformly and subjected to oxidation reaction; after the oxidation reaction is completed, the product is separated and collected by centrifugal treatment, and the precipitate is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain an oxidation precursor, which is ready for use; S2, 2.95-3.85 parts of the oxidation precursor, 0.10-0.15 parts of o-tolidine and 75-100 parts of hydrochloric acid are mixed uniformly at 0-4℃, then 0.10-0.15 parts of ammonium persulfate is added and subjected to oxidation polymerization reaction under reflux condition; after the oxidation polymerization reaction is completed, the insoluble substance is collected by centrifugal separation, and the insoluble substance is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain a pre-carbonization matrix, which is ready for use; S3, 2.35-3.05 parts of the pre-carbonization matrix and 7.25-9.45 parts of potassium hydroxide are mixed uniformly, then subjected to carbonization treatment in a closed and nitrogen-protected environment; after the carbonization treatment is completed, the product is washed with deionized water until the pH of the eluent is neutral, and then dried to obtain a carbonized product; 1.35-1.75 parts of the carbonized product, 0.65-0.90 parts of sodium nitrate and 60-75 parts of concentrated sulfuric acid are mixed uniformly, 4.05-5.30 parts of potassium permanganate is added and subjected to secondary oxidation; after the secondary oxidation is completed, the precipitate is collected by centrifugal separation, the precipitate is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain a filling carbon material, which is ready for use; S4, 1.85-2.40 parts of 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, 2.00-2.65 parts of pyrrole, 6.25-8.10 parts of diethylene glycol formaldehyde and 30-40 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide are mixed uniformly, 9.75-12.65 parts of ferric chloride is added and subjected to polymerization reaction in a closed and nitrogen-protected environment; after the polymerization reaction is completed, the solid substance is collected by centrifugal separation, and then washed with anhydrous ethanol, deionized water and dried in sequence to obtain a polymer skeleton material, which is ready for use; S5, the polymer skeleton material and the filling carbon material are mixed in a certain proportion to obtain a filling material; the filling material is mixed with anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonically treated to uniformly disperse each component, then anhydrous ethanol is removed by reduced pressure distillation to obtain a composite filling matrix.

2. The functional mushroom bag substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sawdust is any one of poplar sawdust, locust tree sawdust and mulberry sawdust.

3. The functional mushroom bag substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the oxidation reaction in step S1 is 25-40℃, and the reaction time is 3-8h.

4. The functional mushroom bag substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the oxidative polymerization reaction in step S2 is 60-75℃, and the reaction time is 4-10h.

5. The functional mushroom bag substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the carbonization treatment in step S3 is 500-650℃, and the treatment time is 0.5-3h; the temperature of the secondary oxidation is 5-20℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-1.5h.

6. The functional mushroom bag substrate according to claim 1, wherein: The polymerization reaction in step S4 is carried out in two stages, first at 55-65℃ for 0.5-1.5h, and then at 80-95℃ for 0.5-1.0h.

7. The functional mushroom bag substrate according to claim 1, wherein: In the filling material of step S5, the mass ratio of the polymer skeleton material to the filling carbon material is (3.85-4.65):

1.

8. The functional mushroom bag substrate according to claim 1, wherein: The solid-liquid ratio of the filling material to anhydrous ethanol in step S5 is 1:(7-14) g / mL.

9. The use of the functional edible mushroom bag medium according to any one of claims 1-8 in the cultivation of edible mushrooms, characterized in that, The specific cultivation method is as follows: 1) The sterilized functional edible mushroom bag medium is packaged in a cultivation bag, and the edible mushroom mycelium is inoculated into the bag under sterile conditions. After inoculation, the bag is transferred to the growth environment suitable for the edible mushroom and cultivated; 2) After the mycelium grows completely, the mushroom is induced, the bag film is cut open to squat the mushroom after the mushroom bud is formed, and the edible mushroom is harvested after it grows completely.

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