Fuel cell vehicle thermal management system with heat pump air conditioner and power battery refrigerant refrigeration

Abstract

The application discloses a fuel cell whole vehicle thermal management system of heat pump air conditioner and power battery refrigerant refrigeration, and relates to the technical field of fuel cells.The application comprises a fuel cell thermal management system, a motor thermal management system, a power battery thermal management system and a heat pump air conditioner system.The integrated thermal management system established by the application fully utilizes the waste heat of the fuel cell, the motor and the power battery in the low-temperature heating mode of the cockpit from the perspective of recycling available waste heat, utilizes PTC to heat the fuel cell and the power battery during cold start, simultaneously utilizes the fast heating feature of the motor to heat the power battery, so that the fuel cell and the power battery rapidly reach the optimal temperature range, during defrosting, the defrosting system not only absorbs the heat of the cockpit, but also absorbs the waste heat of the power battery, and meanwhile, the waste heat of the fuel cell and the motor heats the cockpit, which reduces the influence of the defrosting mode on the comfort of the cockpit, realizes recycling of the waste heat of the vehicle, and reduces energy consumption and improves comfort.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of dye cell, in particular to a fuel cell whole vehicle thermal management system for heat pump air conditioner and power battery refrigerant refrigeration. BACKGROUND

[0002] The fuel cell vehicle is a new energy vehicle with high energy efficiency, energy saving, no pollution and low noise, and is one of the ideal directions for future vehicle development.

[0003] However, the limitation of vehicle-mounted energy is always a key factor restricting the development of new energy vehicles. The electric air conditioning system, electric braking and electric steering as auxiliary systems of new energy vehicles consume the energy of the whole vehicle. Especially, the electric air conditioning system cannot use engine waste heat for cab heating, and its energy consumption accounts for about 1 / 3 of the whole vehicle, which seriously affects the cruising range of new energy vehicles. And the air conditioning system is an essential auxiliary system during vehicle driving, which directly affects the driving and riding comfort. The existing fuel cell vehicle independently sets up and manages the cab thermal management, fuel cell thermal management, power battery thermal management and motor thermal management, and does not coordinate and unify the integrated thermal management, so that the overall thermal management energy consumption of the fuel cell vehicle is high, and part of the thermal energy cannot be reused. Therefore, a new solution is needed for the above problems. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a fuel cell whole vehicle thermal management system for heat pump air conditioner and power battery refrigerant refrigeration.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a fuel cell whole vehicle thermal management system for heat pump air conditioner and power battery refrigerant refrigeration, comprising a fuel cell thermal management system, a motor thermal management system, a power battery thermal management system and a heat pump air conditioning system. The fuel cell thermal management system comprises three loops. The first loop is composed of a first water pump, a PTC, a fuel cell, a first electromagnetic valve and a first radiator. The second loop is composed of the first water pump, the PTC, the fuel cell, a second electromagnetic valve and a first heat exchanger. The third loop is composed of the first water pump, the PTC, the fuel cell, a third electromagnetic valve and an in-vehicle radiator.

[0006] Preferably, the motor thermal management system comprises three loops. The first loop is composed of a second water pump, a motor, a sixth electromagnetic valve and a second radiator. The second loop is composed of the second water pump, the motor, a fifth electromagnetic valve and the first heat exchanger. The third loop is composed of the second water pump, the motor, a fourth electromagnetic valve and the in-vehicle radiator.

[0007] Preferably, the power battery thermal management system is composed of a third water pump, a power battery, a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger.

[0008] Preferably, the heat pump air conditioning system comprises a compressor, a four-way valve, an indoor heat exchanger, an outdoor heat exchanger, a second electronic expansion valve, a first electronic expansion valve, a seventh solenoid valve, an eighth solenoid valve, a ninth solenoid valve, a tenth solenoid valve and an eleventh solenoid valve.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0010] The integrated thermal management system established by the present application fully utilizes the waste heat of the fuel cell, the motor and the power battery in the low-temperature heating mode of the cockpit, utilizes the PTC to heat the fuel cell and the power battery during cold start, and utilizes the fast heating feature of the motor to heat the power battery, so that the fuel cell and the power battery quickly reach the optimal temperature range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0011] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application;

[0013] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the high-temperature cooling mode of the present application;

[0014] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the low-temperature heating mode of the cockpit of the present application;

[0015] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cold start mode of the present application;

[0016] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the defrosting mode of the present application.

[0017] In the figure: 1, first solenoid valve; 2, second solenoid valve; 3, third solenoid valve; 4, fourth solenoid valve; 5, fifth solenoid valve; 6, sixth solenoid valve; 7, seventh solenoid valve; 8, eighth solenoid valve; 9, ninth solenoid valve; 10, tenth solenoid valve; 11, eleventh solenoid valve; 12, first radiator; 13, second radiator; 14, vehicle exterior heat exchanger; 15, vehicle interior heat exchanger; 16, first heat exchanger; 17, second heat exchanger; 18, vehicle interior radiator; 19, PTC; 20, first water pump; 21, second water pump; 22, third water pump; 23, motor; 24, compressor; 25, four-way valve; 26, second electronic expansion valve; 27, first electronic expansion valve. Embodiment

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all.

[0019] Please refer to Figures 1-5 , the fuel cell vehicle thermal management system for heat pump air conditioner and power battery refrigerant refrigeration includes a fuel cell thermal management system, a motor thermal management system, a power battery thermal management system and a heat pump air conditioner system;

[0020] The fuel cell thermal management system includes three circuits, the first circuit is composed of the first water pump 20, the PTC 19, the fuel cell, the first solenoid valve 1 and the first radiator 12, the second circuit is composed of the first water pump 20, the PTC 19, the fuel cell, the second solenoid valve 2 and the first heat exchanger 16, and the third circuit is composed of the first water pump 20, the PTC 19, the fuel cell, the third solenoid valve 3 and the vehicle interior radiator 18.

[0021] The motor thermal management system includes three circuits, the first circuit is composed of the second water pump 21, the motor 23, the sixth solenoid valve 6 and the second radiator 13, the second circuit is composed of the second water pump 21, the motor 23, the fifth solenoid valve 5 and the first heat exchanger 16, and the third circuit is composed of the second water pump 21, the motor 23, the fourth solenoid valve 4 and the vehicle interior radiator 18.

[0022] The power battery thermal management system is composed of the third water pump 22, the power battery, the first heat exchanger 16 and the second heat exchanger 17.

[0023] The heat pump air conditioner system is composed of the compressor 24, the four-way valve 25, the vehicle interior heat exchanger 15, the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 14, the second electronic expansion valve 26, the first electronic expansion valve 27, the seventh solenoid valve 7, the eighth solenoid valve 8, the ninth solenoid valve 9, the tenth solenoid valve 10 and the eleventh solenoid valve 11.

[0024] Fuel cell thermal management system principle: when the temperature of fuel cell is too high, the heat is dissipated through the first radiator 12, the role of PTC 19 is to heat the cooling fluid in the pipeline in the case of low temperature cold start, so that the temperature of fuel cell rises rapidly to the optimal working temperature interval, and also heats the power battery through the first heat exchanger 16. When the cabin needs heating, the fuel cell can also heat the cabin through the vehicle interior radiator 18.

[0025] Motor thermal management system principle: when the temperature of motor 23 is too high, the heat is dissipated through the second radiator 13, and in low temperature environment, the temperature of power battery is too low, the excess heat of motor 23 can heat the power battery through the first heat exchanger 16. In addition, the excess heat of motor 23 can also heat the cabin when the cabin needs heating through the vehicle interior radiator 18.

[0026] Power battery thermal management system principle: when the power battery needs to be cooled, the excess heat is taken away by the heat pump air conditioning refrigerant through the second heat exchanger 17. When the power battery needs to be heated, it can absorb the excess heat of fuel cell and motor 23 through the first heat exchanger 16.

[0027] Heat pump air conditioning system principle: when cooling, the low temperature and low pressure refrigerant is compressed into high temperature and high pressure refrigerant by compressor 24, and then is changed into low temperature and low pressure refrigerant by second electronic expansion valve 26 after heat exchange through vehicle exterior heat exchanger 14, so as to take away the heat of power battery and passenger cabin and realize cooling. When heating, the low temperature and low pressure refrigerant is compressed into high temperature and high pressure refrigerant by compressor 24, and then the heat is transferred to the power battery and passenger cabin which need to be heated through vehicle interior heat exchanger 15, and then is changed into low temperature and low pressure refrigerant by first electronic expansion valve 27, and then absorbs heat through vehicle exterior heat exchanger 14, and then returns to third water pump 22.

[0028] High temperature cooling mode as shown in Figure 2

[0029] Fuel cell thermal management system alone cooling, sequentially connected first water pump 20, PTC 19 (not working), fuel cell, first electromagnetic valve 1, first radiator 12. The fuel cell is cooled through the first radiator 12.

[0030] Motor thermal management system alone cooling, sequentially connected second water pump 21, motor 23, sixth electromagnetic valve 6, second radiator 13. The motor 23 is cooled through the second radiator 13.

[0031] Power battery thermal management system through heat pump air conditioning cooling, sequentially connected third water pump 22, power battery, first heat exchanger 16 (not working), second heat exchanger 17. The heat of power battery is taken away by the heat pump air conditioning refrigerant through the second heat exchanger 17, so as to achieve the purpose of cooling.

[0032] ​The heat pump air conditioning thermal management system cools the passenger compartment and the power battery. It is sequentially connected to compressor 24, four-way valve 25a-b passages, external heat exchanger 14, eighth solenoid valve 8, first electronic expansion valve 27, internal heat exchanger 15, and four-way valve 25d-c passages. The heat pump air conditioning absorbs heat through internal heat exchanger 15 and dissipates heat through external heat exchanger 14 to cool the passenger compartment. After external heat exchanger 14, there is a parallel branch for cooling the power battery, sequentially connected to external heat exchanger 14, tenth solenoid valve 10, second electronic expansion valve 26, second heat exchanger 17, seventh solenoid valve 7, and four-way valve 25d-c passages. The heat pump air conditioning removes heat from the power battery through second heat exchanger 17 and dissipates it through external heat exchanger 14.

[0033] Low-temperature heating mode for the cockpit, such as Figure 3 As shown:

[0034] The fuel cell thermal management system heats the cockpit and is connected in sequence to the first water pump 20, PTC19 (not in operation), fuel cell, third solenoid valve 3, and vehicle radiator 18.

[0035] The motor thermal management system provides heating for the cockpit and is connected in sequence to the second water pump 21, the motor 23, the fourth solenoid valve 4, and the vehicle radiator 18.

[0036] The power battery thermal management system cools the battery through a heat pump air conditioner and is connected in sequence to the third water pump 22, the power battery, the first heat exchanger 16 (which does not participate in operation), and the second heat exchanger 17.

[0037] The heat pump air conditioning system cools the power battery and is connected sequentially to compressor 24, four-way valves 25a-d, in-vehicle heat exchanger 15, first electronic expansion valve 27, ninth solenoid valve 9, second heat exchanger 17, eleventh solenoid valve 11, and four-way valves 25b-c. It also heats the driver's cabin and is connected sequentially to compressor 24, four-way valves 25a-d, in-vehicle heat exchanger 15, first electronic expansion valve 27, eighth solenoid valve 8, external heat exchanger 14, and four-way valves 25b-c. The two circuits between the first electronic expansion valve 27 and the four-way valve 25b are connected in parallel.

[0038] Cold start mode such as Figure 4 As shown:

[0039] The fuel cell thermal management system PTC19 starts working, heating the coolant, which in turn heats the fuel cell. The system is connected in sequence to the first water pump 20, PTC19, fuel cell, second solenoid valve 2, and first heat exchanger 16.

[0040] If the motor thermal management system has excess heat, the first heat exchanger 16 is used to heat the power battery. If there is no excess heat, the second water pump 21 is not used. The second water pump 21, the motor 23, the fifth solenoid valve 5, and the first heat exchanger 16 are connected in sequence.

[0041] The power battery absorbs excess heat from the fuel cell circuit and the motor 23 circuit through the first heat exchanger 16, and absorbs heat from the heat pump air conditioner refrigerant through the second heat exchanger 17. The third water pump 22, the power battery, the first heat exchanger 16, and the second heat exchanger 17 are connected in sequence.

[0042] The heat pump air conditioning system heats the cabin. The compressor 24, the four-way valve 25a-d passage, the indoor heat exchanger 15, the first electronic expansion valve 27, the eighth solenoid valve 8, the outdoor heat exchanger 14, and the four-way valve 25b-c passage are connected in sequence. The system also heats the power battery. The compressor 24, the four-way valve 25a-d passage, the seventh solenoid valve 7, the second heat exchanger 17, the second electronic expansion valve 26, the tenth solenoid valve 10, the outdoor heat exchanger 14, and the four-way valve 25b-c passage are connected in sequence.

[0043] The defrosting mode is shown in FIG. 8. Figure 5

[0044] The fuel cell waste heat is used to heat the cabin. The first water pump 20, the PTC 19 (not used), the fuel cell, the third solenoid valve 3, and the indoor radiator 18 are connected in sequence.

[0045] The motor thermal management system heats the cabin. The second water pump 21, the motor 23, the fourth solenoid valve 4, and the indoor radiator 18 are connected in sequence.

[0046] The power battery thermal management system is cooled by the heat pump air conditioner. The third water pump 22, the power battery, the first heat exchanger 16 (not used), and the second heat exchanger 17 are connected in sequence.

[0047] The heat pump air conditioning system absorbs heat from the cabin through the indoor heat exchanger 15 to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger 14. The compressor 24, the four-way valve 25a-b passage, the outdoor heat exchanger 14, the eighth solenoid valve 8, the first electronic expansion valve 27, the indoor heat exchanger 15, and the four-way valve 25d-c passage are connected in sequence. If the power battery has excess heat, the heat pump air conditioning system also absorbs heat from the power battery to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger 14. The outdoor heat exchanger 14, the tenth solenoid valve 10, the second electronic expansion valve 26, the second heat exchanger 17, the seventh solenoid valve 7, and the four-way valve 25d-c passage are connected in sequence.

[0048] ​It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the application is not limited to the details of the above-exemplified embodiments and that the present application can be implemented in other particular forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. The embodiments should therefore be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the above description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. No reference signs in the claims should be considered as limiting the scope of the claims with respect to the figures of the patent document.

Claims

1. A fuel cell vehicle thermal management system for heat pump air conditioning and power battery refrigerant cooling, characterized in that: The system includes a fuel cell thermal management system, an electric motor thermal management system, a power battery thermal management system, and a heat pump air conditioning system. The fuel cell thermal management system includes three loops. The first loop consists of a first water pump (20), a PTC (19), a fuel cell, a first solenoid valve (1), and a first radiator (12). The second loop consists of a first water pump (20), a PTC (19), a fuel cell, a second solenoid valve (2), and a first heat exchanger (16). The third loop consists of a first water pump (20), a PTC (19), a fuel cell, a third solenoid valve (3), and an in-vehicle radiator (18). The motor thermal management system includes three loops. The first loop consists of a second water pump (21), a motor (23), a sixth solenoid valve (6), and a second radiator (13). The second loop consists of a second water pump (21), a motor (23), a fifth solenoid valve (5), and a first heat exchanger (16). The third loop consists of a second water pump (21), a motor (23), a fourth solenoid valve (4), and an in-vehicle radiator (18). The power battery thermal management system consists of a third water pump (22), a power battery, a first heat exchanger (16), and a second heat exchanger (17); The heat pump air conditioning system consists of a compressor (24), a four-way valve (25), an in-vehicle heat exchanger (15), an out-of-vehicle heat exchanger (14), a second electronic expansion valve (26), a first electronic expansion valve (27), a seventh solenoid valve (7), an eighth solenoid valve (8), a ninth solenoid valve (9), a tenth solenoid valve (10), and an eleventh solenoid valve (11). The compressor (24), the four-way valve (25) ab passage, the external heat exchanger (14), the eighth solenoid valve (8), the first electronic expansion valve (27), the internal heat exchanger (15), and the four-way valve (25) dc passage are connected in sequence to cool the passenger compartment and the power battery. The external heat exchanger (14), the tenth solenoid valve (10), the second electronic expansion valve (26), the second heat exchanger (17), the seventh solenoid valve (7), and the four-way valve (25) are connected in sequence to the DC passage for heat dissipation of the power battery. The compressor (24), the four-way valve (25) ad passage, the vehicle heat exchanger (15), the first electronic expansion valve (27), the ninth solenoid valve (9), the second heat exchanger (17), the eleventh solenoid valve (11), and the four-way valve (25) bc passage are connected in sequence to cool the power battery.

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