Server atomizing spray liquid cooling system and control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a server atomization spraying liquid cooling system. The system comprises a direct atomization spraying liquid cooling assembly, a first heat exchanger, a compressor assembly, a throttling device, a refrigerant pump, an air-cooled evaporative condenser and a valve assembly. The air-cooled evaporative condenser comprises a second heat exchanger. The direct atomization spraying liquid cooling assembly is communicated with the first heat exchanger to form a first cooling medium circulation loop. The valve assembly is communicated with the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the compressor assembly, the throttling device and the refrigerant pump. The valve assembly is used for switching between a first second cooling medium circulation loop formed by the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the refrigerant pump and a second second cooling medium circulation loop formed by the first heat exchanger, the compressor assembly, the second heat exchanger and the throttling device, so as to meet the switching needs between air cooling, evaporative cooling and mechanical refrigeration auxiliary evaporative cooling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to high heat flux cabinet heat dissipation and cooling technology and evaporative cooling technology, specifically to a server atomized spray liquid cooling system and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the global digital economy, the number of data centers is constantly increasing, and their high energy consumption problem is becoming increasingly prominent. It is estimated that data centers currently consume about 1% to 1.5% of the world's total electricity consumption, which is 1.8 times the total annual electricity consumption of Beijing. In addition, the average PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness) value of global data centers is as high as 1.57, indicating that operational energy efficiency needs to be improved.

[0003] Data center cooling system energy consumption is second only to IT equipment energy consumption, accounting for approximately 40% of the total energy consumption of a data center, and is a major factor affecting the data center's PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness) value. For data centers, IT equipment energy consumption is mainly determined by the data center's user-end business. Therefore, reducing cooling system energy consumption is key to improving data center energy efficiency.

[0004] Currently, mechanical compression refrigeration systems are widely used in cooling systems. While this method can consistently meet the cooling requirements of data center environments, its energy efficiency is limited by the reverse Carnot cycle efficiency limit, making it difficult to significantly improve energy efficiency. Natural cooling technology uses low-temperature air or water as a free cold source to transfer heat from the data center instead of mechanical refrigeration. However, air-based natural cooling technology, which uses low-temperature air as a free cold source, is limited by factors such as the low density and specific heat capacity of air, resulting in limited cooling efficiency and making it only suitable for small spaces. Water, on the other hand, has a high specific heat capacity and better heat transfer performance.

[0005] According to Moore's Law, the performance of IT equipment grows exponentially, and the power consumption per unit area of ​​IT equipment also increases continuously, leading to a continuous increase in the demand for heat dissipation per unit area. The mainstream cooling method for domestic data centers is air cooling, which involves supplying low-temperature air conditioning to the interior of data center servers or the area where servers are located through air conditioning units to remove the heat generated by the servers and lower the ambient temperature. However, air cooling systems have many drawbacks, such as inherently low heat dissipation performance and high noise levels from multiple fans, making it difficult to meet the high heat density heat dissipation requirements of current data centers. Compared to mainstream air cooling systems, liquid cooling systems have greater development prospects and significantly lower PUE values. Immersion liquid cooling systems and direct-plate liquid cooling systems still have many problems, such as: immersion liquid cooling systems require large amounts of coolant; direct-plate systems have limited cooling efficiency, are complex, and cannot adjust cooling capacity according to real-time operating conditions. Currently proposed spray liquid cooling systems mainly use direct dripping of coolant. The applicant believes that this form is closer to a localized immersion liquid cooling system, which suffers from the defect that the heat exchange efficiency is not maximized due to the presence of a liquid film on the heat exchange surface. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a server atomized spray liquid cooling system. By combining evaporative cooling technology with mechanical refrigeration technology, and considering the different cooling capacity that the air can provide under different climatic conditions, namely the difference between outdoor dry-bulb temperature and outdoor wet-bulb temperature, the system switches between three cooling modes—air cooling, evaporative cooling, and mechanical refrigeration-assisted evaporative cooling—through the opening and closing of valve components. This ensures that the cooling capacity requirements of the data center are met while making full use of the natural environment and minimizing the energy consumption of the data center cooling system.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention discloses a server atomizing spray liquid cooling system. The system includes a direct atomizing spray liquid cooling assembly, a first heat exchanger, a compressor assembly, a throttling device, a refrigerant pump, an air-cooled evaporative condenser, and a valve assembly. The first heat exchanger includes a hot-side flow channel and a cold-side flow channel capable of exchanging heat with each other. The air-cooled evaporative condenser includes a second heat exchanger with a hot-side flow channel. The direct atomizing spray liquid cooling assembly communicates with the hot-side flow channel of the first heat exchanger to form a first cooling medium circulation loop. The valve assembly is connected to the cold-side flow channel of the first heat exchanger, the hot-side flow channel of the second heat exchanger, the compressor assembly, the throttling device, and the refrigerant pump. The valve assembly controls the switching of the system between multiple different second cooling medium circulation loops. The multiple different second cooling medium circulation loops include a first second cooling medium circulation loop selectively connected to the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, and the refrigerant pump, and a second second cooling medium circulation loop selectively connected to the first heat exchanger, the compressor assembly, the second heat exchanger, and the throttling device. The direct atomizing spray liquid cooling component is used to transfer server heat to the first cooling medium circulation loop, the first heat exchanger is used to transfer heat from the first cooling medium circulation loop to the second cooling medium circulation loop, and the air-cooled evaporative condenser is used to transfer cooling energy to the second cooling medium circulation loop through the second heat exchanger.

[0008] Specifically, the direct atomizing spray liquid cooling assembly includes, from top to bottom, a coolant enricher for storing a first cooling medium and an atomizing nozzle. The server is installed below the atomizing nozzle, and the first heat exchanger is located below the server. The first cooling medium is a low-temperature fluorinated liquid. The coolant enricher connects the cold end of the hot-side flow channel in the first heat exchanger to the atomizing nozzle. The atomizing nozzle sprays the first cooling medium onto the server in a spray manner for heat exchange. After heat exchange, the first cooling medium flows in from the hot end of the hot-side flow channel in the first heat exchanger, passes through the first heat exchanger, and returns to the coolant enricher, forming a first cooling medium circulation loop.

[0009] Specifically, the server includes a spray surface, which is tilted and forms a 15° angle with the horizontal plane. The atomizing nozzle is positioned directly opposite the spray surface.

[0010] Specifically, the compressor assembly includes a gas separator, a compressor, and an oil separator. The valve assembly includes a first valve, a second valve, and a fourth valve. The first heat exchanger, the first valve, the gas separator, the compressor, the oil separator, the second valve, the second heat exchanger, the fourth valve, and the throttling device are sequentially connected to form a second cooling medium circulation loop.

[0011] Specifically, the valve assembly includes a fifth valve, a sixth valve, a seventh valve, and an eighth valve. The first heat exchanger, the fifth valve, the second heat exchanger, the sixth valve, the refrigerant pump, the seventh valve, and the eighth valve are sequentially connected to form a first and a second cooling medium circulation loop.

[0012] Specifically, the air-cooled evaporative condenser includes an air duct and a fan for applying suction force to the air duct. The air duct contains a water distributor, a heat exchange core located below the water distributor, a water tank for receiving the coolant sprayed by the water distributor, and a water pump for pumping the coolant from the water tank to the water distributor. The valve assembly also includes a water valve connecting the water tank and the water pump. The water distributor distributes water into the wet channel of the heat exchange core. After outdoor fresh air enters the heat exchange core, it undergoes direct evaporative cooling and isenthalpic cooling on the inner surface of the wet channel before exchanging heat with the second cooling medium vapor through a second heat exchanger. The coolant sprayed by the water distributor falls into the water tank and enters the water distributor again under the action of the water pump, circulating sequentially.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a liquid storage tank. The valve assembly includes a third valve, a ninth valve, and a tenth valve. The third valve is installed in the second cooling medium circulation loop and is located between the second heat exchanger and the sixth valve. The liquid storage tank is installed in the first cooling medium circulation loop. One port of the liquid storage tank is connected to one port of the third valve and the second heat exchanger via the ninth valve, and the other port is connected to the other port of the third valve, the sixth valve, and the fourth valve via the tenth valve.

[0014] Specifically, the system includes a control module that determines the cooling mode of the system based on the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature and the outdoor air wet-bulb temperature, and controls the opening and closing state of the valve assembly based on the corresponding cooling mode.

[0015] Specifically, the system includes a detection module for detecting the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature and the outdoor air wet-bulb temperature and sending the measured values ​​to the control module.

[0016] This invention also provides a control method for a server atomizing spray liquid cooling system, implemented using the server atomizing spray liquid cooling system described in the above embodiments. The method includes the following steps:

[0017] Step 1. Detect the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature and outdoor air wet-bulb temperature to determine the cooling mode of the system. The system has three cooling modes: dry mode, wet mode, and mixed mode. When the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature is ≤16℃, the cooling mode of the system is determined to be dry mode. When the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature is >16℃ and the outdoor air wet-bulb temperature is ≤19℃, the cooling mode of the system is determined to be wet mode. When the outdoor air wet-bulb temperature is greater than 19℃, the cooling mode of the system is determined to be mixed mode.

[0018] Step 2. Control the valve assembly according to the cooling mode to switch the system to the corresponding second cooling medium circulation loop:

[0019] In the dry mode, the second cooling medium circulates in the first and second cooling medium circulation loop formed by the first heat exchanger, the fifth valve, the second heat exchanger, the sixth valve, the refrigerant pump, the seventh valve, and the eighth valve connected in sequence. The fans of the direct atomizing spray liquid cooling component and the air-cooled evaporative condenser are in operation, while the water pump of the air-cooled evaporative condenser and the compressor component are in a stopped state, and the other valves of the valve component are in a stopped state.

[0020] In the wet mode, the second cooling medium circulates in the first and second cooling medium circulation loop formed by the first heat exchanger, the fifth valve, the second heat exchanger, the sixth valve, the refrigerant pump, the seventh valve, and the eighth valve connected in sequence. The water valve is in the open state, and the direct atomizing spray liquid cooling component, the fan of the air-cooled evaporative condenser, and the water pump of the air-cooled evaporative condenser are all in the running state. The compressor component is in the stopped state, and the other valves of the valve component are in the stopped state.

[0021] In the hybrid mode, the second cooling medium circulates in a second cooling medium circulation loop formed by the first heat exchanger, the first valve, the gas separator, the compressor, the oil separator, the second valve, the second heat exchanger, the fourth valve, and the throttling device connected in sequence. The water valve is in the open state, and the direct atomizing spray liquid cooling component, the fan of the air-cooled evaporative condenser, and the water pump of the air-cooled evaporative condenser are all in the running state. The refrigerant pump is in the stopped state, and the other valves of the valve assembly are in the stopped state.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) This invention proposes a server atomized spray liquid cooling system that combines evaporative cooling technology with mechanical refrigeration technology. Addressing the varying cooling capacity of air under different climatic conditions, specifically the differences in outdoor dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures, the system switches between a first and second cooling medium circulation loop (selectively connected by the first heat exchanger, second heat exchanger, and refrigerant pump) and a second cooling medium circulation loop (selectively connected by the first heat exchanger, compressor assembly, second heat exchanger, and throttling device) via valve assembly. This allows the system to switch between three cooling modes: air cooling, evaporative cooling, and mechanical refrigeration-assisted evaporative cooling. This application refers to the air cooling mode as the dry mode, the evaporative cooling mode as the wet mode, and the mechanical refrigeration-assisted evaporative cooling mode as the mixed mode. The wet mode of this invention utilizes the latent heat of vaporization of water for cooling, solving the problem of low heat exchange efficiency in natural air cooling. The dry mode of this invention only requires the energy consumption of the fan, while the wet mode only requires the energy consumption of the fan and water pump, significantly reducing energy consumption compared to purely mechanical refrigeration. Therefore, compared with the insufficient heat exchange of natural air cooling and the high energy consumption of mechanical refrigeration in the existing technology, the system of the present invention can minimize the energy consumption of the data center cooling system while ensuring that the cooling requirements of the data center are met.

[0024] (2) The direct atomizing spray liquid cooling component in this invention is connected to the hot side flow channel of the first heat exchanger to form a first cooling medium circulation loop. The first cooling medium is fluorinated liquid. The fluorinated liquid can be reused as a coolant after passing through the first heat exchanger, resulting in low coolant consumption. At the same time, the use of spray cooling technology provides strong heat dissipation, further reducing flow requirements and overall cost.

[0025] (3) In the direct atomizing spray liquid cooling assembly of the present invention, direct cooling is adopted, in which the fluorinated liquid is in direct contact with the server, which serves as a heat source. This results in low thermal resistance and high cooling efficiency. Simultaneously, the server is tilted and the spray surface forms a 15° angle with the horizontal plane, allowing the fluorinated liquid to fully exchange heat and immediately enter the heat dissipation circuit, further enhancing cooling efficiency. Furthermore, since the atomizing nozzles face the spray surface, the atomizing spray matrix formed by several nozzles is also tilted and installed within the cabinet. This installation structure occupies less space while allowing for a larger effective spray surface from the atomizing nozzles, resulting in high coolant utilization efficiency.

[0026] (4) The fluorinated liquid used in this invention has a high boiling point and low surface tension, which can form a thin film on the surface of heat sinks and electronic components, effectively absorbing and transferring heat. In addition, it has good chemical stability and electrical properties, is not easily decomposed and conductive, and can effectively protect the safety and stability of servers and electronic equipment.

[0027] (5) The present invention uses a control module to adjust the cooling mode in real time according to the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature and the outdoor air wet-bulb temperature. By adjusting the opening and closing state of the valve assembly, it switches between three cooling modes: dry mode, wet mode, and mixed mode, so as to make the maximum use of natural cold source and achieve the purpose of energy saving. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the advantages of the present invention in the above and / or other aspects will become clearer.

[0029] Figure 1 A system schematic diagram of a server atomizing spray liquid cooling system is provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an atomizing nozzle matrix according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dedicated cabinet used in this invention;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a server atomizing spray liquid cooling system in dry mode.

[0033] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a server atomizing spray liquid cooling system in wet mode.

[0034] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a server atomizing spray liquid cooling system in hybrid mode.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a control logic diagram of a control method for a server atomizing spray liquid cooling system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of this application are as follows:

[0037] Atomizing spray system 100, refrigerant pump compression refrigeration dual circulation system 200, coolant enrichment unit 1, atomizing nozzle 2, cabinet 3, server 4, first heat exchanger 5, gas separator 7, compressor 8, oil separator 9, fan 10, second heat exchanger 11, water distributor 12, heat exchange core 13, air inlet grille 14, water tank 15, water valve 16, water pump 17, liquid storage tank 18, refrigerant pump 19, throttling device 20, first valve 601, second valve 602, third valve 603, fourth valve 604, fifth valve 605, sixth valve 606, seventh valve 607, eighth valve 608, ninth valve 609, tenth valve 610, atomizing nozzle mounting structure 21, outdoor air dry bulb temperature T0, outdoor air wet bulb temperature T1. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The arrows in the drawings represent the direction of fluid flow. Figures 4 to 6 The dashed lines represent pipelines that are in the off state, while the solid lines represent pipelines that are in the on state.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a server atomizing spray liquid cooling system. The system includes an atomizing spray system 100 and a refrigerant pump compression refrigeration dual-cycle system 200.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the atomizing spray system includes a direct atomizing spray liquid cooling assembly and a first heat exchanger 5. The first heat exchanger 5 includes a hot-side flow channel and a cold-side flow channel capable of exchanging heat with each other. The direct atomizing spray liquid cooling assembly is connected to the hot-side flow channel of the first heat exchanger 5 to form a first cooling medium circulation loop. The direct atomizing spray liquid cooling assembly is used to transfer heat from the data center server room to the first cooling medium in the first cooling medium circulation loop.

[0041] like Figure 1As shown, the refrigerant pump compression refrigeration dual-cycle system includes a compressor assembly, a throttling device 20, a refrigerant pump 19, an air-cooled evaporative condenser, and a valve assembly. The throttling device 20 may be an electronic expansion valve. The air-cooled evaporative condenser includes a second heat exchanger 11 with a hot-side flow channel. The valve assembly is connected to the cold-side flow channel of the first heat exchanger 5, the hot-side flow channel of the second heat exchanger 11, the compressor assembly, the throttling device 20, and the refrigerant pump 19, respectively. The valve assembly is used to control the system to switch between a first and second cooling medium circulation loop selectively connected by the first heat exchanger 5, the second heat exchanger 11, and the refrigerant pump 19, and a second cooling medium circulation loop selectively connected by the first heat exchanger 5, the compressor assembly, the second heat exchanger 11, and the throttling device 20. The first heat exchanger 5 is used to transfer heat from the first cooling medium circulation loop to either the first and second cooling medium circulation loop or the second cooling medium circulation loop. The air-cooled evaporative condenser is used to transfer heat from the second cooling medium in the second cooling medium circulation loop through the second heat exchanger 11. The second cooling medium can be a refrigerant, including but not limited to dichlorofluoromethane (R22).

[0042] like Figures 4 to 6 This refrigerant pump compression refrigeration dual-cycle system has three cooling modes: a dry mode utilizing natural air cooling, a wet mode using evaporative cooling, and a hybrid mode using mechanical refrigeration-assisted evaporative cooling. Depending on the outdoor air dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures, a valve assembly allows the system to switch between these three modes. For details, see [link to details]. Figure 4 and Figure 5 In both dry and wet modes, the first heat exchanger 5, the second heat exchanger 11, and the refrigerant pump 19 are connected to form a first and second cooling medium circulation loop. (See also...) Figure 6 In the hybrid mode, the first heat exchanger 5, the compressor assembly, the second heat exchanger 11, and the throttling device 20 are connected to form a second cooling medium circulation loop.

[0043] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the direct atomizing spray liquid cooling assembly, from top to bottom, includes a coolant enrichment unit 1 for storing the first cooling medium and an atomizing nozzle 2. The server 4 is installed below the atomizing nozzle 2, and the first heat exchanger 5 is located below the server 4. The coolant enrichment unit 1 connects the cold end of the hot-side flow channel in the first heat exchanger 5 to the atomizing nozzle 2. The atomizing nozzle 2 sprays the first cooling medium onto the server 4 in a spray manner for heat exchange. After heat exchange, the first cooling medium flows into the hot end of the hot-side flow channel in the first heat exchanger 5, returns to the coolant enrichment unit 1 after passing through the first heat exchanger 5, forming a first cooling medium circulation loop, and realizing the transfer of heat from the server 4 to the first cooling medium in the first cooling medium circulation loop by the direct atomizing spray liquid cooling assembly.

[0044] The primary cooling medium is a low-temperature fluorinated liquid. Fluorinated liquid is a colorless, odorless, insulating, and non-flammable chemical solvent. Its advantages over other coolants are: electronic fluorinated liquid is a highly stable fluorinated or perfluorinated liquid substance; it is transparent, odorless, non-flammable, non-oil-based, low in toxicity, non-corrosive, has a wide operating temperature range, high thermal and chemical stability, excellent dielectric constant, ideal chemical inertness, and excellent thermal conductivity. Because it is environmentally friendly (ozone layer depletion potential of 0), has a low global warming potential, is safe (no flash point, non-flammable), has very high safety, and strong performance compatibility, it is widely used for heat dissipation in high-end electronic and electrical equipment.

[0045] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, both server 4 and atomizing nozzle 2 are installed in rack 3. Server 4 includes a spray surface. Atomizing nozzle 2 faces the spray surface. Specifically, the spray surface can be the surface of the server's main heat-generating components such as motherboard chips or GPU. Figure 3 As shown, in order to ensure that the fluorinated liquid in the chassis enters the heat dissipation circuit in time and does not form a liquid film on the heat-generating components, the server 4 is tilted and the spray surface is at a 15° angle to the horizontal plane.

[0046] The atomizing nozzle 2 is positioned directly opposite the spray surface, ensuring that the atomizing droplets produced by the nozzle 2 impact each circuit board component directly. Spray cooling requires a suitable atomization distance and space; that is, the significant turbulence after the liquid exits the nozzle can be released into the air, continuously breaking up and atomizing during flight. Furthermore, to accommodate servers with tilted orientations, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the atomizing nozzle array formed by several atomizing nozzles 2 is also installed obliquely in the cabinet 3 via the atomizing nozzle mounting structure 21. Compared with the normal vertical angle spray cooling method, the distance between the atomizing nozzle and the spray surface can be increased under the oblique spray cooling method, avoiding insufficient atomization distance. At the same time, this method makes the spray cone, that is, the cone-shaped coverage area formed by a large number of spray droplets, extend more fully in the spray direction, and the coverage area in the chassis is larger. Therefore, it is beneficial to improve the coolant utilization rate and expand the liquid coverage area.

[0047] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, the compressor assembly includes a gas separator 7, a compressor 8, and an oil separator 9. The valve assembly includes a first valve 601, a second valve 602, and a fourth valve 604. The first heat exchanger 5, the first valve 601, the gas separator 7, the compressor 8, the oil separator 9, the second valve 602, the second heat exchanger 11, the fourth valve 604, and the throttling device 20 are sequentially connected to form a second cooling medium circulation loop.

[0048] Specifically, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the valve assembly includes a fifth valve 605, a sixth valve 606, a seventh valve 607, and an eighth valve 608. The first heat exchanger 5, the fifth valve 605, the second heat exchanger 11, the sixth valve 606, the refrigerant pump 19, the seventh valve 607, and the eighth valve 608 are sequentially connected to form a first and a second cooling medium circulation loop.

[0049] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the air-cooled evaporative condenser includes an air duct and a fan 10 for applying suction force to the air duct. The air duct contains a water distributor 12, a heat exchange core 13 located below the water distributor 12, a water tank 15 for receiving the coolant sprayed by the water distributor 12, and a water pump 17 for pumping the coolant in the water tank 15 to the water distributor 12. The valve assembly also includes a water valve 16, which connects the water tank 15 and the water pump 17. The water distributor 12 can distribute water into the wet passage of the heat exchange core 13. After outdoor fresh air enters the heat exchange core 13, it undergoes direct evaporative cooling and isenthalpic cooling on the inner surface of the wet passage before exchanging heat with the second cooling medium vapor through the second heat exchanger 11. The coolant sprayed by the water distributor 12 falls into the water tank 15 and enters the water distributor 12 under the action of the water pump 17, circulating sequentially. In a specific embodiment, the fan 10 is installed at the outlet of the air duct. An air inlet grille 14 is installed at the inlet of the air duct.

[0050] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system also includes a liquid storage tank 18, and a valve assembly including a third valve 603, a ninth valve 609, and a tenth valve 610. The third valve 603 is installed in the second cooling medium circulation loop and is located between the second heat exchanger 11 and the sixth valve 606. The liquid storage tank 18 is installed in the first and second cooling medium circulation loops. One port of the liquid storage tank 18 is connected to one port of the third valve 603 and the second heat exchanger 11 through the ninth valve 609, and the other port is connected to the other port of the third valve 603, the sixth valve 606, and the fourth valve 604 through the tenth valve 610. In this embodiment, the first heat exchanger 5, the fifth valve 605, the second heat exchanger 11, the ninth valve 609, the liquid storage tank 18, the tenth valve 610, the sixth valve 606, the refrigerant pump 19, the seventh valve 607, and the eighth valve 608 are sequentially connected to form the first and second cooling medium circulation loops. The first heat exchanger 5, the first valve 601, the gas separator 7, the compressor 8, the oil separator 9, the second valve 602, the second heat exchanger 11, the third valve 603, the fourth valve 604, and the throttling device 20 are connected in sequence to form a second cooling medium circulation loop.

[0051] In some embodiments, the system includes a control module that determines the cooling mode of the system based on the outdoor dry-bulb temperature and the outdoor wet-bulb temperature, and controls the opening and closing state of the valve assembly based on the corresponding cooling mode. Specifically, the system includes a detection module for detecting the outdoor dry-bulb temperature and the outdoor wet-bulb temperature and sending the measured values ​​to the control module. Specifically, the detection module may be a dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature and humidity measuring instrument, including a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor.

[0052] The present invention also provides a control method for a server atomizing spray liquid cooling system. Figure 7 The control logic diagram for this control method is provided. See also... Figure 7 The method includes the following steps:

[0053] Step 1. Detect the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature T0 and the outdoor air wet-bulb temperature T1 to determine the system's cooling mode. The system has three cooling modes: dry mode, wet mode, and hybrid mode.

[0054] When the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature T0 ≤ 16℃, the cooling capacity provided by the outdoor air can meet the needs of the data center. At this time, the cooling mode of the system is determined to be dry mode.

[0055] When the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature T0 > 16℃ and the outdoor air wet-bulb temperature T1 ≤ 19℃, the outdoor air can provide cooling capacity but cannot fully meet the data center's needs. In this case, the system's cooling mode is determined to be wet mode.

[0056] When the outdoor air wet-bulb temperature T1 is greater than 19°C, the outdoor air temperature is too high, and the outdoor air cannot provide cooling for the data center at all. In this case, the system cooling mode is determined to be hybrid mode.

[0057] Step 2. Control the valve assembly according to the cooling mode to switch the system to the corresponding second cooling medium circulation loop:

[0058] In dry mode, the second cooling medium circulates in a first and second cooling medium circulation loop formed by the sequential connection of the first heat exchanger 5, the fifth valve 605, the second heat exchanger 11, the ninth valve 609, the liquid storage tank 18, the tenth valve 610, the sixth valve 606, the refrigerant pump 19, the seventh valve 607, and the eighth valve 608. The fan 10 of the direct atomizing spray liquid cooling component and the air-cooled evaporative condenser is in operation, while the water pump 17 of the air-cooled evaporative condenser and the compressor component are in a stopped state, and the other valves of the valve component are in a stopped state.

[0059] In this mode, the low-temperature outdoor air enters through the air inlet 14 and enters the second heat exchanger 11 to exchange heat with the second cooling medium. After being directly cooled by the low-temperature outdoor air, the second cooling medium passes through the liquid storage tank 18 and returns to the first heat exchanger 5 under the action of the refrigerant pump 19 to cool the fluorinated liquid.

[0060] In wet mode, the second cooling medium circulates in the first and second cooling medium circulation loop formed by the first heat exchanger 5, the fifth valve 605, the second heat exchanger 11, the sixth valve 606, the refrigerant pump 19, the seventh valve 607, and the eighth valve 608 connected in sequence. The water valve 16 is in the conducting state, and the fan 10 of the direct atomizing spray liquid cooling component, the air-cooled evaporative condenser, and the water pump 17 of the air-cooled evaporative condenser are all in the running state. The compressor component is in the stopped state, and the other valves of the valve component are in the stopped state.

[0061] In this mode, the water distributor 12 distributes water to the wet channel of the heat exchange core 13. After the outdoor fresh air enters the heat exchange core 13, it undergoes direct evaporative cooling and isenthalpic cooling on the inner surface of the wet channel before exchanging heat with the second cooling medium vapor through the second heat exchanger 11. The coolant sprayed by the water distributor 12 falls into the water tank 15 and enters the water distributor 12 again under the action of the water pump 17, circulating sequentially. After the second cooling medium is cooled, it passes through the liquid storage tank 18 and returns to the first heat exchanger 5 under the action of the refrigerant pump 19 to cool the fluorinated liquid.

[0062] In the mixed mode, the second cooling medium circulates in the second cooling medium circulation loop formed by the sequential connection of the first heat exchanger 5, the first valve 601, the gas separator 7, the compressor 8, the oil separator 9, the second valve 602, the second heat exchanger 11, the fourth valve 604, and the throttling device 20. The water valve 16 is in the conducting state, and the fan 10 of the direct atomizing spray liquid cooling component, the fan 10 of the air-cooled evaporative condenser, and the water pump 17 of the air-cooled evaporative condenser are all in the running state. The refrigerant pump 19 is in the stopped state, and the other valves of the valve assembly are in the stopped state.

[0063] After leaving the first heat exchanger 5, the second cooling medium changes to a gaseous state. It then passes through a gas separator 7 to separate the gaseous and liquid phases. The gaseous phase enters the compressor 8 for compression, while the high-temperature, high-pressure second cooling medium passes through an oil separator 9 to separate the lubricating oil from it. It then enters the second heat exchanger 11 for cooling. At this point, evaporative cooling alone is insufficient to meet the cooling capacity requirements; therefore, evaporative cooling and mechanical refrigeration must operate simultaneously, with mechanical refrigeration assisting evaporative cooling to achieve the required cooling capacity. When the water pump 17 is running, the water distributor 12 on the upper part of the heat exchange core 13 distributes water into the wet channel of the heat exchange core 13. Outdoor fresh air enters the heat exchange core 13 and undergoes direct evaporative cooling on the inner surface of the wet channel, resulting in isenthalpic cooling. It then exchanges heat with the second cooling medium vapor at the second heat exchanger 11, carrying away its heat. After being cooled, the second cooling medium is depressurized by a throttling device 19 and then returns to the first heat exchanger 5 to cool the fluorinated liquid in the first cooling medium circulation loop.

[0064] This invention provides a concept and method for a server atomizing spray liquid cooling system and its control method. Many methods and approaches exist for implementing this technical solution; the above are merely preferred embodiments of this invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this invention. All components not explicitly stated in this embodiment can be implemented using existing technologies.

Claims

1. A server atomizing spray liquid cooling system, characterized in that, The system includes a direct atomizing spray liquid cooling assembly, a first heat exchanger (5), a compressor assembly, a throttling device (20), a refrigerant pump (19), an air-cooled evaporative condenser, and a valve assembly. The first heat exchanger (5) includes a hot-side flow channel and a cold-side flow channel capable of exchanging heat with each other. The air-cooled evaporative condenser includes a second heat exchanger (11) with a hot-side flow channel. The direct atomizing spray liquid cooling assembly is connected to the hot-side flow channel of the first heat exchanger (5) to form a first cooling medium circulation loop. The valve assembly is connected to the cold-side flow channel of the first heat exchanger (5), the hot-side flow channel of the second heat exchanger (11), the compressor assembly, the throttling device (20), and the refrigerant pump (19). The valve assembly is used to control the system in multiple different second cooling medium circulation loops. The switching between different second cooling medium circulation loops includes a first second cooling medium circulation loop formed by selectively connecting the first heat exchanger (5), the second heat exchanger (11), and the refrigerant pump (19), and a second second cooling medium circulation loop formed by selectively connecting the first heat exchanger (5), the compressor assembly, the second heat exchanger (11), and the throttling device (20); the direct atomizing spray liquid cooling assembly is used to transfer the heat of the server (4) to the first cooling medium circulation loop, the first heat exchanger (5) is used to transfer the heat of the first cooling medium circulation loop to the second cooling medium circulation loop, and the air-cooled evaporative condenser is used to transfer the cooling capacity to the second cooling medium circulation loop through the second heat exchanger (11); The direct atomizing spray liquid cooling assembly includes, from top to bottom, a coolant enricher (1) for storing the first cooling medium and an atomizing nozzle (2). The server (4) is installed below the atomizing nozzle (2). The first cooling medium is a low-temperature fluorinated liquid. The coolant enricher (1) is connected to the cold end of the hot-side flow channel in the first heat exchanger (5) and the atomizing nozzle (2). The atomizing nozzle (2) is used to spray the first cooling medium onto the server (4) in a spray manner for heat exchange. After heat exchange, the first cooling medium flows into the hot end of the hot-side flow channel in the first heat exchanger (5), passes through the first heat exchanger (5), and returns to the coolant enricher (1), forming a first cooling medium circulation loop. The server (4) includes a spray surface, which is tilted and forms a 15° angle with the horizontal plane; the atomizing nozzle (2) is positioned directly opposite the spray surface.

2. The server atomizing spray liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compressor assembly includes a gas separator (7), a compressor (8), and an oil separator (9); the valve assembly includes a first valve (601), a second valve (602), and a fourth valve (604); the first heat exchanger (5), the first valve (601), the gas separator (7), the compressor (8), the oil separator (9), the second valve (602), the second heat exchanger (11), the fourth valve (604), and the throttling device (20) are sequentially connected to form a second cooling medium circulation loop.

3. The server atomizing spray liquid cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The valve assembly includes a fifth valve (605), a sixth valve (606), a seventh valve (607), and an eighth valve (608); the first heat exchanger (5), the fifth valve (605), the second heat exchanger (11), the sixth valve (606), the refrigerant pump (19), the seventh valve (607), and the eighth valve (608) are sequentially connected to form a first and a second cooling medium circulation loop.

4. The server atomizing spray liquid cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The air-cooled evaporative condenser includes an air duct and a fan (10) for applying suction force to the air duct. The air duct contains a water distributor (12), a heat exchange core (13) located below the water distributor (12), a water tank (15) for receiving the coolant sprayed by the water distributor (12), and a water pump (17) for pumping the coolant in the water tank (15) to the water distributor (12). The valve assembly also includes a water valve (16), which is connected to… The water tank (15) and the water pump (17) are connected; the water distributor (12) can distribute water to the wet channel of the heat exchange core (13). After the outdoor fresh air enters the heat exchange core (13), it undergoes direct evaporation cooling and isenthalpic cooling on the inner surface of the wet channel, and then exchanges heat with the second cooling medium vapor through the second heat exchanger (11). The cooling liquid sprayed by the water distributor (12) falls into the water tank (15) and enters the water distributor (12) under the action of the water pump (17), and circulates in sequence.

5. A server atomizing spray liquid cooling system according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a liquid storage tank (18), and the valve assembly includes a third valve (603), a ninth valve (609) and a tenth valve (610). The third valve (603) is installed in the second cooling medium circulation loop and is located between the second heat exchanger (11) and the sixth valve (606). The liquid storage tank (18) is installed in the first cooling medium circulation loop. One port of the liquid storage tank (18) is connected to one port of the third valve (603) and the second heat exchanger (11) through the ninth valve (609), and the other port is connected to the other port of the third valve (603), the sixth valve (606) and the fourth valve (604) through the tenth valve (610).

6. The server atomizing spray liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system includes a control module that determines the cooling mode of the system based on the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature and the outdoor air wet-bulb temperature, and controls the opening and closing state of the valve assembly based on the corresponding cooling mode.

7. A server atomizing spray liquid cooling system according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a detection module for detecting the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature and the outdoor air wet-bulb temperature and sending the measured values ​​to the control module.

8. A control method for a server atomizing spray liquid cooling system, characterized in that, This is achieved using a server atomizing spray liquid cooling system as described in claim 4, and the method includes the following steps: Step 1. Detect the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature and outdoor air wet-bulb temperature to determine the cooling mode of the system. The system has three cooling modes: dry mode, wet mode, and mixed mode. When the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature is ≤16℃, the cooling mode of the system is determined to be dry mode; when the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature is >16℃ and the outdoor air wet-bulb temperature is ≤19℃, the cooling mode of the system is determined to be wet mode; when the outdoor air wet-bulb temperature is greater than 19℃, the cooling mode of the system is determined to be mixed mode. Step 2. Control the valve assembly according to the cooling mode to switch the system to the corresponding second cooling medium circulation loop: In the dry mode, the second cooling medium circulates in the first and second cooling medium circulation loop formed by the first heat exchanger (5), the fifth valve (605), the second heat exchanger (11), the sixth valve (606), the refrigerant pump (19), the seventh valve (607), and the eighth valve (608) connected in sequence. The fan (10) of the direct atomizing spray liquid cooling component and the air-cooled evaporative condenser is in operation, the water pump (17) of the air-cooled evaporative condenser and the compressor component are in a stopped state, and the other valves of the valve component are in a stopped state. In the wet mode, the second cooling medium circulates in the first and second cooling medium circulation loop formed by the first heat exchanger (5), the fifth valve (605), the second heat exchanger (11), the sixth valve (606), the refrigerant pump (19), the seventh valve (607), and the eighth valve (608) connected in sequence. The water valve (16) is in the conducting state. The direct atomizing spray liquid cooling component, the fan (10) of the air-cooled evaporative condenser, and the water pump (17) of the air-cooled evaporative condenser are all in the running state. The compressor component is in the stopped state, and the other valves of the valve component are in the stopped state. In the mixed mode, the second cooling medium circulates in the second cooling medium circulation loop formed by the first heat exchanger (5), the first valve (601), the gas separator (7), the compressor (8), the oil separator (9), the second valve (602), the second heat exchanger (11), the fourth valve (604), and the throttling device (20) connected in sequence. The water valve (16) is in the conducting state, and the direct atomizing spray liquid cooling component, the fan (10) of the air-cooled evaporative condenser, and the water pump (17) of the air-cooled evaporative condenser are all in the running state. The refrigerant pump (19) is in the stopped state, and the other valves of the valve assembly are in the stopped state.

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