A new type of anti-sticking deformation reaming bit structure

Abstract

A new type of anti-sticking deformation reaming bit structure is composed of a base body, a shaft column, a disc cover, a disc frame unit and a rotary variable blade wing unit. Through the combination of the wing piece in the rotary variable blade wing unit and the rotor and stator in the disc frame unit, the radial length of the wing piece outside the fixed circle in the disc frame unit is adjusted to increase or decrease the size of the bit head. Through the adjustment of the radial length of the wing piece outside the fixed circle in the disc frame unit and the corresponding radial shaft intersection angle of the wing piece in the adjacent rotary variable disc layer of the upper and lower wing pieces of the prism axis in the shaft column, the change of the bit head form and the side wall groove form of the bit head is realized. Each rotary variable blade wing can be simultaneously or single-controlled to realize the angle deflection and vibration in the area range, so that the whole bit head components present a "relaxed" state, thereby eliminating the problems of sand sticking, well collapse sticking, falling object sticking, sand bridge sticking and mud cake sticking, etc., realizing effective unblocking, and having strong engineering practicality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a novel anti-jamming and deformation-resistant reaming drill bit structure, namely a drilling tool connected to the drill collar by threads, belonging to the field of oil and gas engineering drilling tool design, manufacturing and technical technology. Background Technology

[0002] Downhole reaming technology and tools are routine requirements for addressing issues such as small-clearance casing procedures, salt-gypsum layer creep and compression, casing annulus space, oil layer wellbore breakage, and reducing wellbore pressure surges during tripping. The combined approach of pilot hole opening with reamers and full-end drilling bits has become a common practice in actual drilling engineering, with reamer bits being crucial drilling tool components for downhole reaming operations. Currently, new reamer components include conventional dual-core reamers combining a pilot body and a reamer body, and dual-cylinder driven side-wing telescopic reamers. Both types of bits are monolithic, with smaller winglets located at the front of the bit as pilot wings and larger winglets located at the rear as expansion wings. Compared to conventional dual-core drill bits, the dual-cylinder driven side-wing telescopic type has an additional stage of spare expanding wing components. The two stages of expanding wings are located at the front and rear ends of the drill bit, respectively. The rear wing has a larger radial extension dimension than the front wing. The advance and retraction of pistons in two hydraulic systems control the radial linear extension and retraction of the two stages of wings, or their oscillation within the axial plane of the drill bit. The axial oscillation is achieved by rotating the wings around hinges. While the combined application of these new reamers and all-around drilling bits, or the new reamer bits themselves, can achieve downhole reaming to a certain extent, the problem of stuck drill bits remains unresolved during drilling and retraction. This can be caused by sand accumulation, well collapse, falling debris, sand bridges, mud bags, etc., which can trap the extended expanding wings within the well and prevent them from moving freely. Moreover, while the hinge structure design is beneficial for the blade to swing within the axial plane of the drill bit, it is a disadvantageous factor that causes problems such as the blade cutting surface not being fixed, weak hinge bearing capacity, and poor stability when applied to cutting and grinding hard rocks and gravel in underground rock formations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In light of factors causing drill bit jamming and the compatibility issues of reamer blade stability, reamer blade wear, and blade extension / retraction flexibility and stability, this invention provides a novel anti-jamming deformation reamer bit structure, addressing the aforementioned problems through the structure and operation of the drill bit.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0005] A new type of anti-jamming and deformation-resistant reaming drill bit is installed on the drill pipe below the drill collar. The drill bit structure consists of a base, shaft, disc cover, disc frame unit, and rotary blade unit. The disc frame unit is divided into double rings and double sub-units; the double rings are the guide ring and the stator ring, and the double sub-units are the rotor and the stator. One disc frame unit and multiple rotary blade units constitute a rotary blade disc layer, and several rotary blade disc layers constitute the cutter head in the drill bit structure, which performs the cutting and grinding function on the formation. Before and after the drill bit enters the well, according to actual needs, an external controller adjusts the radius of the cutting and grinding area of ​​the rotary blade disc layer during the coordination of the rotor, stator, and locking unit of the disc frame unit. During this change, the cutter head takes on cylindrical, inverted frustum, and olive shapes, and the sidewalls of the cutter head exhibit straight grooves, arc-shaped grooves, and toothed grooves. The speed monitoring sensor in the drill string system monitors the drilling or lifting speed of the drill string during the drilling process. When a sudden drop in drill string speed causes a stuck drill bit problem, it is linked to an external controller to control the locking unit of the rotary cutter blade unit and the stator of the disc unit to be in an "unlocked" state, or to make the male and female threads of the U-shaped buckle ring in the locking unit in an "unlocked" state. Each rotary cutter blade can be simultaneously or individually controlled to achieve angular deflection and vibration within a certain area, so that the components of the drill bit are in a "relaxed" state, thereby eliminating problems such as stuck drill bit due to sand accumulation, stuck drill bit due to well collapse, stuck drill bit due to falling objects, stuck drill bit due to sand bridging, and stuck drill bit due to mud packing, achieving effective unblocking.

[0006] The aforementioned substrate is a ring-shaped column, consisting of a top surface, a bottom surface, an inner surface, and an outer surface, which appears as a ring when projected vertically.

[0007] The aforementioned shaft is a circular tube with an internal prism. The cross-section of the prism is a regular polygon, and the prism and the circular tube are coaxial. The interior of the circular tube is hollow, and its vertical projection plane is annular. The radius of the circular tube is the same as the inner radius of the annular cross-section of the base body. The circular tube has no end face; one end of the outer surface of the circular tube is machined with external threads, which mate with the threads of the drill collar to connect the drill collar and the drill bit; the other end of the circular tube without threads is the base body connection end, the length of which is greater than or equal to the sum of the column height of the base body annular column and the column height of the cover annular column. The outer surface of this end is integrally formed and connected to the inner surface of the base body annular column. The prism can be solid or hollow, with all outer walls closed. The outer side of the prism's axial ridge is integrally formed and connected to the inner side of the circular tube. The axial length of the prism is equal to the sum of the length of the cylindrical tube and the axial length of the cutting head. One end of the prism is coplanar with one end of the cylindrical tube, meaning the cross-section of the cylindrical tube has two forms: one end has a cross-section that is an inscribed regular polygon, and the other end has a cross-section that is a regular polygon. The hollow area between the outer side of the prism and the inner side of the circular tube serves as a channel for multiphase flow within the drilling system during the drilling process.

[0008] The aforementioned disc cover is coaxial with the base and forms a circular track, appearing as a ring in its vertical projection. The outer diameter of the disc cover's circular track matches the outer diameter of the circular ring on the base's vertical projection plane, and the width of the ring matches the width of the track ring in the disc frame unit. The threaded side of the disc cover's circular track aligns with the threaded side of the track ring in the disc frame unit, and the back of the track ring's threaded side is integrally formed and connected to the bottom surface of the base.

[0009] The aforementioned disc frame unit consists of a track ring, a stator ring, a rotor, a stator, a chuck, and grinding teeth. It is coaxial with the base body, and its outer boundary, which is vertically projected, is circular. The annular track ring has two opposing teeth on both sides, with an X-shaped cross-section. One side of the track ring's teeth forms a pair of opposing teeth with the disc cover's annular track, while the other side's teeth form a pair of opposing teeth with the teeth on one side of the track ring of other disc frame units. Multiple movable ball cores are embedded between each pair of teeth. The ball cores are clamped in the opposing teeth formed by the track ring and the disc cover's annular track, and are distributed along the circumference of the teeth without falling off. Under the control of an external controller, the ball cores, as the rotor of the disc frame unit, rotate clockwise or counterclockwise within the area of ​​the track teeth. The external controller can perform individual control on multiple ball cores. The central axial surface of the rotor ball core has a groove, which engages with the rotor of the rotary blade unit in two states: "locked" or "unlocked". The fixed ring is a circular ring that is coaxial with the rail ring and coplanar with the back joint of the teeth on both sides of the X-type rail ring. The inner diameter of the ring is larger than the outer diameter of the rail ring. The radial distance between the fixed ring and the ring is equal to the distance between the center of curvature of the inner arc spherical surface of the left compartment of the resolver blade locking unit and the rotor engagement when the left compartment is in the minimum compartment position. The stator is uniformly distributed and integrally connected to the circular ring surface of the stator on the same side as the rotor. The stator consists of spherical locking points, a stator plate, and magnetic plate III. The number of stators is the same as the number of spherical cores that serve as the rotor. The stator plate is cylindrical or square. The vertical projection of the spherical locking points is less than or equal to the vertical projection of the stator plate, and the centers of their vertical projections coincide. The vertical projection of the stator plate does not exceed the projection range of the stator ring. The spherical locking points are integrally connected to the stator plate through columnar connecting points. The center of the vertical projection of the connecting points coincides with the center of the vertical projection of the stator plate. The radius of the spherical locking points is equal to the radius of the spherical hollow area between the left and right compartments of the locking unit. Magnetic plate III is the outer surface that wraps around the spherical locking points and the columnar connecting points and has a magnetically attractive diaphragm. The chuck is a disc with a central polygonal hole. The outer circumference of the disc is integrally formed and connected to the back-joint of the teeth on both sides of the X-shaped guide ring. The size of the central polygonal hole in the chuck matches the size of the polygonal cross-section of the prism inside the shaft column, meaning the shaft column will drive the chuck to rotate. The grinding teeth are granular bodies integrally formed with the outer diameter side of the stationary ring. There are multiple grinding teeth, evenly distributed on the outer diameter side of the stationary ring; when the disc frame unit rotates, the grinding teeth abrade the rock. The assembly of the stationary ring and guide ring of the disc frame unit depends on the assembly between the rotor of the rotary cutter blade unit and the rotor of the disc frame unit, and the assembly between the locking unit of the rotary cutter blade unit and the stator of the disc frame unit.

[0010] The aforementioned rotary blade unit consists of blades, rotor fasteners, and locking units. The blade is fan-shaped, with two radial blades and one arc blade forming its perimeter. The small end of the blade is integrally connected to a rotor fastener that matches the rotor of the disc unit. The rotor fastener is inserted into the slot of the rotor core of the disc unit and locked in place. That is, when the rotor of the disc unit rotates clockwise or counterclockwise within the track teeth, it will drive the small end of the blade of the rotary blade to move synchronously. A racetrack-shaped hole is distributed at the central axis of the fan-shaped blade. The racetrack-shaped hole has a central major axis and a central minor axis, and the central major axis is collinear with the central axis of the blade. The two curved ends of the racetrack-shaped hole are symmetrical about both the central major axis and the central minor axis. One end faces the rotor fastener, and the other end faces the arc blade of the blade. The radii of curvature of the two curved ends are the same and larger than the radius of the stator locking point sphere of the disc unit. The inner wall of the racetrack-shaped hole is integrally connected to the outer wall of the double-compartment cylinder of the locking unit. The rotor fastener is matched and docked with the rotor ball core slot of the disc frame unit. Under the control of the external controller, it has two states: "locked" and "unlocked". The rotor fastener and the ball core slot adopt a conventional locking assembly. The locking unit consists of suction and discharge valves, cylinder shell, left and right chamber assembly, and base chamber. The left and right chambers are located near the rotor fastener and the arc-shaped blade of the vane, respectively. The cylinder shell is irregularly shaped and is the integrated outer wall of the left and right chamber assembly and base chamber combination system. The vertical projection of the left and right chamber assembly is racetrack-shaped and perfectly matches the vertical projection of the racetrack-shaped hole of the fan-shaped vane. The top of the straight section corresponding to this assembly is integrally formed and connected to the bottom of the base chamber. The mating surface between the left and right chambers is a spherical surface that perfectly matches the outer surface of the stator locking point sphere of the disc frame unit. That is, the mating spherical surface between the left and right chambers is the outer surface of the stator locking point sphere of the disc frame unit. The left chamber is connected to the base chamber through the left chamber suction and discharge valve, and the right chamber is connected to the base chamber through the right chamber suction and discharge valve. Under the control of the external controller, the suction and discharge valve is a directional and speed control valve that can suck or discharge fluid.

[0011] The left compartment of the aforementioned locking unit consists of a telescopic end I, a fixed end I, and a magnetic retaining plate I; the right compartment consists of a telescopic end II, a fixed end II, and a magnetic retaining plate II. The fixed end is made of rigid material, and the telescopic end is made of a folded plate-type rigid material. The fixed end I of the left compartment and the fixed end II of the right compartment are the two curved ends of a racetrack-shaped section, while the telescopic end I of the left compartment and the telescopic end II of the right compartment together form the straight section of the racetrack-shaped section. The end faces of both telescopic end I and telescopic end II are hemispheres with equal-width edges and radii equal to the radius of the spherical locking point of the stator of the disc frame unit. When the distance between the two hemispheres is infinitely reduced, a hollow region with the same volume as the spherical locking point of the stator of the disc frame unit is formed between the two hemispheres. At the side wall of the columnar connection point between the spherical locking point and the fixed disc, a hollow region with the same volume as the columnar connection point of the stator of the disc frame unit is formed between the edge surfaces of the two hemispheres. The surfaces of the two hollow regions have diaphragms with magnetic properties opposite to those of the magnetic retaining plate III of the stator of the disc frame unit. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to an external controller.) Under control, the diaphragm causes the hollow area formed between the left and right compartments of the locking unit to be in two states: "locked" and "unlocked" with the stator of the frame unit. At the side wall surface outside the spherical locking point and at the columnar connection point between the two hemispheres, where the edges of the two hemispheres directly meet, the edges of the two hemispheres are equipped with diaphragms with opposite magnetic properties. When the distance between the two hemispheres is infinitely reduced, the edges of the two hemispheres are completely fitted together at this point. The end face diaphragm combination of the left compartment telescopic end I of the locking unit is called magnetic clamping plate I; the end face diaphragm combination of the right compartment telescopic end II of the locking unit is called magnetic clamping plate II. To further achieve closed locking of the hollow area formed between the left and right compartments of the locking unit, the end face hemisphere edges of the left compartment telescopic end I and the right compartment telescopic end II of the locking unit are respectively equipped with male and female U-shaped buckles with loops.

[0012] The left and right compartments of the aforementioned locking unit have the same height, and their height matches the depth of the racetrack-shaped hole in the frame unit. In other words, the combined left and right compartments of the locking unit fit perfectly into the racetrack-shaped hole of the frame unit. The base compartment of the locking unit is a cuboid, and the center of its vertical projection coincides with the center of the vertical projection of both the locking unit and the racetrack-shaped hole in the frame unit. The base of the locking unit has a rectangular vertical projection. The length of the rectangle matches the straight section length of the runway-shaped aperture of the disc unit, and the width of the rectangle is greater than the distance between the two parallel straight sections of the runway-shaped aperture of the disc unit. This means that along the major axis, the base covers the combined area of ​​the left telescopic end I and the right telescopic end II of the locking unit. The base is located at the top of this combined area. Along the minor axis, compared to the left and right telescopic ends I and II, the base has an additional rectangular perimeter on each side. The two perimeter walls facing the blade of the rotor blade unit (i.e., the bottom surface of the perimeter) are integrally formed and connected to the blade. Thus, the locking unit is fixed to the runway-shaped aperture of the disc unit via the two rectangular perimeters of the base. The straight section area formed by the left telescopic end I and the right telescopic end II of the locking unit, and the portion enclosed by the base, constitute the base overlap area. The height of the cuboid base of the locking unit is limited to avoid affecting the adjacent rotor blade units above and below. A suction / discharge valve I is installed at the intersection of the bottom edge of the base compartment of the locking unit and the side wall of the fixed end I of the left compartment. The two ends of the suction / discharge valve are connected to the base compartment and the left compartment of the locking unit, respectively. A suction / discharge valve II is installed at the intersection of the bottom edge of the base compartment of the locking unit and the side wall of the fixed end II of the right compartment. The two ends of the suction / discharge valve are connected to the base compartment and the right compartment of the locking unit, respectively.

[0013] The left, right, and base compartments of the aforementioned locking unit are filled with hydraulic oil; at the same time, the hydraulic oil does not completely fill the left, right, and base compartments; under the control of the external controller, the flow of hydraulic oil between the left and base compartments and between the right and base compartments is controlled by suction and discharge valves I and II, respectively, to achieve control of the flow rate and direction of the hydraulic oil.

[0014] Under normal drilling conditions, and with the control of the external controller, the hollow area between the left and right chambers is locked to the stator of the disc frame unit. The male and female threads of the U-shaped buckle rings on the end faces of the left chamber telescopic end I and the right chamber telescopic end II are also locked. Under the control of the external controller, the rotor ball core of the disc frame unit rotates clockwise or counterclockwise along the track ring at an equal angle to the required operating angle. Simultaneously, the suction / discharge valve I connecting the left chamber and the base chamber, and the suction / discharge valve II connecting the base chamber and the right chamber are opened, placing them in suction mode and discharge mode respectively. Hydraulic oil is drawn from the left chamber at a controlled speed and unidirectionally pressurized and propelled to the right chamber via the base chamber. The increased pressure in the right chamber further pushes the locking unit to lock the stator of the disc frame unit in the hollow area between the left and right chambers. The rotor moves along the racetrack-shaped hole of the disc frame unit toward the rotor engagement side. The right compartment telescopic end folding plate is stretched while the left compartment telescopic end folding plate is simultaneously compressed. The radial length of the blades of the resolver unit outside the stator ring of the disc frame unit increases, and the drill bit size increases. When the hollow area locks the stator of the disc frame unit and reaches the end of the racetrack-shaped hole toward the rotor engagement side, the drill bit size reaches its maximum value. Conversely, hydraulic oil is drawn from the right compartment at a controlled speed and pushed into the left compartment through the base compartment with unidirectional pressurization. The pressure increase in the left compartment further pushes the locking unit. The hollow area formed between the left and right compartments locks the stator of the disc frame unit, causing it to move along the racetrack-shaped hole of the disc frame unit towards the arc-shaped cutting edge of the blade. The extension plate of the left compartment is stretched while the extension plate of the right compartment is compressed. The radial length of the blade of the rotary cutter unit outside the unit disc frame stationary ring decreases, and the drill bit size shrinks. When the stator of the hollow area locking disc frame unit reaches the end of the racetrack-shaped hole facing the arc-shaped cutting edge of the blade, the drill bit size reaches its minimum value. During production and use, the control unit's left and right compartments are locked. The hollow area formed between the chambers is located along the track-shaped hole of the disc unit. When the drill bit size is adjusted to meet the drilling requirements, the rotor ball core of the disc unit no longer moves along the track ring, and the suction and discharge valves I and II are closed at the same time. The hydraulic balance of the left and right chambers balances the impact force on the drill bit during the formation drilling process. This not only protects the drill bit's cutting edge, but also the dynamic balancing effect of hydraulics will promote the reverse rotational impact force during the high-speed rotation of the drill bit, which is more conducive to the cutting and breaking of the formation rock by the drill bit.

[0015] The number of resolver blade units is consistent with the number of rotors and stators in the disk frame unit. Each resolver unit is assembled with one rotor on the disk frame unit's track ring and one stator on the stator ring via rotor mating and locking units, thus achieving the assembly of the blades and the disk frame unit. A complete assembly of the number of resolver blade units with the number of rotors on the disk frame unit's track ring forms a blade resolver disk layer. Several blade resolver disk layers rotate at high speed via the chuck of the disk frame unit and the prisms built into the shaft column, becoming the drill bit's cutting head. From the drill bit body to the cutting head, when the radial length of the blades outside the disk frame unit's stator ring remains the same, the drill bit's cutting head is cylindrical; when the radial length of the blades outside the disk frame unit's stator ring gradually decreases, the drill bit's cutting head is frustoconical; when the radial length of the blades outside the disk frame unit's stator ring first increases and then decreases, the drill bit's cutting head is olive-shaped. When the radial angle between the blades of the upper and lower adjacent blade spin-changing disk layers is zero, the cutter head sidewall has a straight groove; when the radial angle between the blades of the upper and lower adjacent blade spin-changing disk layers is non-zero and equal, the cutter head sidewall has an arc-shaped groove; when the radial angle between the blades of the upper and lower adjacent blade spin-changing disk layers is non-zero and unequal, the cutter head sidewall has a regular tooth-shaped groove or an irregular tooth-shaped groove.

[0016] When a stuck drill bit occurs, under the control of the external controller, the various components of the drill bit are "relaxed" in multiple stages according to the severity of the stuck drill bit. The first stage involves the hollow area between the left and right compartments of the locking unit being "unlocked" from the stator of the disc frame unit, or the male and female threads of the U-shaped buckle rings on the end faces of the left compartment telescopic end I and the right compartment telescopic end II being "unlocked," or both being unlocked, to further "relax" the various components of the drill bit. The second stage involves, during the operation of the first stage, rotating the rotor ball cores of all disc frame units clockwise or counterclockwise along the rail at a fixed angle that meets the operating conditions, and even simultaneously operating the suction and discharge valves I and... The start-up operation of the suction or discharge combination of suction and discharge valve II increases the "relaxation" of each component of the drill bit by reducing the drill bit size; the third stage, that is, by controlling the rotor ball core of each disc unit to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise along the track at a non-equal angle according to the operating conditions at a fixed angle, allows the cutter head to take on various shapes such as cylindrical, inverted frustum, and olive, and the cutter head sidewalls to present various groove forms such as straight groove, arc groove, and toothed groove, so as to maximize the "relaxation" of each component of the drill bit by changing the drill bit shape.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, this invention fully utilizes the combination of the blades of the rotary blade unit in the blade rotor disc layer with the rotor and stator of the disc frame unit to adjust the radial length of the blades outside the fixed ring of the disc frame unit, thereby increasing or decreasing the size of the drill bit. It also fully utilizes the axial direction of the prism built into the drill bit shaft column to adjust the radial length of the blades in the upper and lower adjacent blade rotor disc layers outside the fixed ring of the disc frame unit and the corresponding radial axis intersection angle of the blades, thereby changing the shape of the drill bit and the form of the grooves on the side wall of the drill bit. Each rotary blade can be simultaneously or individually controlled to achieve angular deflection and vibration within a region, so that all components of the entire drill bit are in a "relaxed" state, thereby eliminating problems such as stuck drill bits due to sand accumulation, well collapse, falling objects, sand bridges, and mud packing, achieving effective unblocking and having strong practical engineering applicability. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical drill bit with an arc-shaped groove.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drill bit spindle and the spindle tube.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a top view of the tray unit.

[0021] Figure 4 These are the top and side views of the stator assembly.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spin-changing blade unit and the blade.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the runway-shaped opening on the airfoil.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the locking unit.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a top view of the left and right compartments of the locking unit.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the substrate wall assembly.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the disc frame unit and a single rotary blade, as well as the movement of the rotary blade disc layer at 1 / 2 of its rotation stroke.

[0028] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a straight-groove cylindrical drill bit assembly.

[0029] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical drill bit with regularly spaced tooth-shaped grooves.

[0030] Figure 13 These are schematic diagrams of several typical regularized groove drill bit rotary blade disc assembly.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Shaft column, 2. Disc cover, 3. Disc frame unit, 4. Rotor blade unit, 5. Base, 11. Circular tube, 12. Prism, 31. Rail ring, 32. Stator ring, 33. Rotor, 34. Chuck, 35. Grinding tooth, 36. Stator, 41. Blade, 42. Locking unit, 43. Rotor fastener, 51. Inner side, 52. Outer side, 53. Bottom surface, 54. Top surface, 111. Threaded end, 112. Base connection end, 361. Stator, 362. Spherical locking point, 363. Magnetic clamp III. 411. Arc-shaped cutting edge, 412. Radial cutting edge, 413. Racetrack-shaped hole, 421. Base chamber, 422. Left and right chambers combined, 423. Suction and exhaust valve I, 424. Suction and exhaust valve II, 425. Cylinder shell, 4131. Bend end, 4211. Stacked area, 4212. Along the circumference, 4221. Telescopic end I, 4222. Fixed end I, 4223. Magnetic retaining plate I, 4224. Telescopic end II, 4225. Fixed end II, 4226. Magnetic retaining plate II, 4227. Male and female buckles with U-shaped buckle rings. Detailed Implementation

[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, the substrate is a ring-shaped cylinder, which appears as a circular ring when projected vertically.

[0033] In this embodiment of the invention, the shaft is a circular tube with a built-in prism, the cross-section of the prism is a regular polygon, and the prism and the circular tube are coaxial.

[0034] In this embodiment of the invention, the cylindrical tube is hollow inside, and its vertical projection plane is annular. The radius of the cylindrical tube is consistent with the inner ring radius of the cross-section of the base body. The cylindrical tube has no end face; one end of the outer surface of the cylindrical tube is machined with an external thread, which mates with the thread of the drill collar to connect the drill collar and the drill bit; the other end of the cylindrical tube without a thread is the base body connection end, and its length is greater than or equal to the sum of the column height of the base body annular column and the column height of the cover annular column.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, the shaft prism is solid or hollow, with all outer wall surfaces closed. The axial length of the prism is equal to the sum of the length of the shaft tube and the axial length of the cutting head. The hollow area between the outer surface of the prism and the inner surface of the tube serves as a channel for multiphase flow to operate within the drilling system during the drilling process.

[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, the disc cover and the base are coaxial and form a circular track, which appears as a ring when projected vertically. The outer circle dimension of the disc cover's circular track is the same as the outer circle dimension of the circular ring on the vertical projection plane of the base, and the width of the ring is the same as the width of the track ring of the disc frame unit.

[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, the disc frame unit is coaxial with the base, and its outer boundary in vertical projection is circular. The track ring of the disc frame unit is annular, with double-sided back-to-back teeth, and its cross-section is X-shaped. The stator ring of the disc frame unit is a circular ring, the inner diameter of which is larger than the outer diameter of the track ring; the radial distance between the stator ring and the ring is equal to the distance between the center of curvature of the inner arc spherical surface of the left compartment of the rotary blade locking unit at its minimum position and the rotor engagement. The number of stators in the disc frame unit is consistent with the number of spherical cores that serve as rotors; the stator plate is cylindrical or square-column shaped; the vertical projection of the spherical locking point of the stator is less than or equal to the vertical projection of the plate, and the centers of their vertical projections coincide, and the vertical projection of the plate does not exceed the projection range of the stator ring. The connection point between the spherical locking point of the stator and the plate is columnar, and the center of the vertical projection of the connection point coincides with the center of the vertical projection of the plate; the radius of the spherical locking point is equal to the radius of the spherical hollow region between the left and right compartments of the locking unit.

[0038] In this embodiment of the invention, the number of resolver blade units is consistent with the number of rotors and stators in the disc frame unit. The blades of the resolver blade unit are fan-shaped; the racetrack-shaped holes in the blades have a central major axis and a central minor axis, and the central major axis is collinear with the central axis of the blade; the two curved ends of the racetrack-shaped holes are symmetrical about both the central major axis and the central minor axis, and the radii of curvature of the two curved ends are consistent and larger than the radius of the stator locking point sphere of the disc frame unit. Conventional locking components are used between the rotor fitting of the resolver blade unit and the rotor's spherical core slot. The locking unit cylinder housing in the resolver blade unit is irregularly shaped, serving as the integrated outer wall of the left and right compartments combined and the base compartment assembly system. The vertical projection of the left and right compartments combined is racetrack-shaped and perfectly matches the vertical projection of the racetrack-shaped holes of the fan-shaped blades.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, under the control of an external controller, the suction and discharge valve is a valve that controls the direction and speed of fluid suction or discharge.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, the fixed ends of the left and right compartments of the locking unit are made of rigid material, and the telescopic ends are made of folded plate-type rigid material. The fixed end I of the left compartment and the fixed end II of the right compartment are respectively the two curved ends of a racetrack-shaped section; the telescopic end I of the left compartment and the telescopic end II of the right compartment together constitute the straight section of the racetrack-shaped section. The end faces of both telescopic end I and telescopic end II are hemispherical surfaces with equal-width edges, and the radius of the sphere is equal to the radius of the spherical locking point of the stator of the frame unit. The end face diaphragm assembly of the telescopic end I of the left compartment of the locking unit is called magnetic clamping plate I; the end face diaphragm assembly of the telescopic end II of the right compartment of the locking unit is called magnetic clamping plate II.

[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, the left and right compartments of the locking unit have the same height, and their height is consistent with the depth of the runway-shaped hole of the disc unit. The base compartment of the locking unit is a cuboid, and the center of the vertical projection of the base compartment coincides with the center of the vertical projection of the locking unit and the center of the vertical projection of the runway-shaped hole of the disc unit; the vertical projection of the base compartment of the locking unit is rectangular, the length of the rectangle is consistent with the straight length of the runway-shaped hole of the disc unit, and the width of the rectangle is greater than the distance between the two parallel straight sections of the runway-shaped hole of the disc unit; the height of the cuboid base compartment of the locking unit is limited to not affecting the upper and lower adjacent rotary blade units.

[0042] Embodiments of the present invention:

[0043] The rotary blade disc layer, in coordination with the rotor and stator of the disc frame unit and the locking unit, causes changes in the outer diameter and shape of the drill bit. Through simultaneous or single-controlled operation of the rotary blades, angular deflection and vibration within a specific area are achieved, causing the various components of the drill bit to enter a "relaxed" state, thus effectively releasing stuck parts. This type of anti-jamming, deformation-resistant reaming drill bit, with an arc-grooved cylindrical drill bit, is illustrated in the diagram below. Figure 1 As shown, the schematic diagram of the drill bit spindle and spindle tube, the top view of the frame unit, the top view and side view of the stator assembly are respectively as follows: Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the schematic diagram of the spin-changing blade unit and the blade is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the schematic diagram of the runway-shaped hole on the winglet, the schematic diagram of the locking unit, and the top views of the left and right compartments of the locking unit are respectively as follows: Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown in the diagram, the substrate wall assembly is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the diagram illustrates the assembly of the disc frame unit with a single helical blade and the movement of the helical blade disc at half its rotation stroke. Figure 10 As shown, the schematic diagrams of the straight groove cylindrical drill bit assembly and the schematic diagram of the regularly toothed groove cylindrical drill bit are respectively as follows: Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown in the diagram, several typical regularized trench drill bit rotation blade disk assemblies are illustrated. Figure 13As shown. The drill bit structure consists of a base (5), a shaft column (1), a disc cover (2), a disc frame unit (3), and a rotary cutter blade unit (4). The annular base (5) is composed of a top surface (54), a bottom surface (53), an inner surface (51), and an outer surface (52). The disc frame unit (3) consists of a track ring (31), a stator ring (32), a rotor (33), a chuck (34), a toothed part (35), and a stator (36). The stator (36) consists of a fixed plate (361), a spherical locking point (362), and a magnetic plate III (363). The rotary blade unit (4) consists of a blade (41), a locking unit (42), and a rotor fastener (43); the periphery of the fan-shaped blade (41) consists of an arc-shaped blade (411) and two radial blades (412); the locking unit (42) consists of a base chamber (421), a left and right chamber assembly (422), a suction and discharge valve I (423), a suction and discharge valve II (424), and a cylinder shell (425). The left chamber of the locking unit (42) consists of a telescopic end I (4221), a fixed end I (4222), and a magnetic clamping plate I (4223), while the right chamber consists of a telescopic end II (4224), a fixed end II (4225), and a magnetic clamping plate II (4226).

[0044] In the drill bit structure, the threaded end (111) of the cylindrical tube (11) of the shaft column (1) is threaded with the drill collar to connect the drill collar and the drill bit; the other end of the cylindrical tube (11) without threads is the base connection end (112) connected to the base body (5), and the outer side of this end is integrally formed and connected with the inner side (51) of the annular cylinder of the base body (5). The outer side of the axial edge of the prism (12) of the cylindrical tube (11) is integrally formed and connected with the inner side of the cylindrical tube (11). One end of the prism (12) is coplanar with one end of the cylindrical tube (11), that is, the cross section of the shaft column (11) has two forms: the cross section of one end is a circle inscribed with a regular polygon, and the cross section of the other end is a regular polygon. The disc cover (2) of the circular track is assembled with the tooth side of the track ring (31) of the disc frame unit (3) facing each other, and the back of the tooth of the track ring (31) is integrally formed and connected with the bottom surface (53) of the base (5). The toothed edge of one side of the track ring (31) of the disc frame unit (3) and the circular track of the disc cover (2) form a set of teeth facing each other. The toothed edge of the other side and the toothed edge of the track ring (31) of other units of the disc frame (2) form a set of teeth facing each other. Multiple movable ball cores are embedded between each set of teeth. The ball cores are clamped in the teeth facing each other formed by the track ring (31) and the circular track of the disc cover (2), and are distributed along the circumference of the teeth and will not fall off. Under the control of the external controller, the ball cores, as the rotor (33) of the disc frame unit (3), rotate clockwise or counterclockwise in the area of ​​the track teeth. The external controller implements single control or synchronous control on the multiple ball cores. The central axis surface of the ball core of the rotor (33) is provided with a slot, which is engaged with the rotor of the rotary blade unit (4) in a "locked" or "unlocked" state. The stator (32) is a circular ring coaxial with the track ring (31) and coplanar with the back-to-back joint of the teeth on both sides of the X-shaped track ring (31). On the circular ring surface of the stator (32) on the same side as the rotor (33), the stator (36) is evenly distributed and integrally connected. The spherical locking point (362) is integrally connected to the stator (361) through the columnar connecting point. The magnetic plate III (363) is the outer surface of the spherical locking point (362) and the columnar connecting point, and has a magnetic diaphragm. The chuck (34) is a disc with a regular polygonal hole in the center. The outer circumference of the disc is integrally connected to the back-to-back joint of the teeth on both sides of the X-shaped track ring (31). The size of the regular polygonal hole in the center of the chuck (34) matches the size of the cross-section of the regular polygonal prism (12) inside the shaft column (1). That is, the shaft column (1) will drive the chuck (34) to rotate. The grinding teeth (35) are granules integrally formed with the outer diameter side of the fixed ring (32). There are multiple grinding teeth (35) and they are evenly distributed on the outer diameter side of the fixed ring (32). When the disc frame unit (3) rotates, the grinding teeth (35) play a grinding role on the rock.The fixed ring (32) of the disc frame unit (3) is assembled with the track ring (31) of the disc frame unit (3) through the assembly between the rotor fastener (43) of the rotary blade unit (4) and the rotor (33) of the disc frame unit (3) and the assembly between the locking unit (42) and the stator (36) of the disc frame unit (3). The small end of the blade (41) of the rotary blade unit (4) is integrally connected to a rotor fastener (43) that matches the rotor (33) of the disc frame unit (3). The rotor fastener (43) is inserted into the slot of the ball core of the rotor (33) of the disc frame unit (3) and locked. That is, when the rotor (33) of the disc frame unit (3) rotates clockwise or counterclockwise in the area of ​​the track teeth, it will drive the small end of the blade (41) of the rotary blade unit (4) to move synchronously. A racetrack-shaped hole (413) is distributed at the central axis of the fan-shaped blade (41). One end of the racetrack-shaped hole (413) faces the rotor fastener (43), and the other end faces the arc blade (411) of the blade (41). The inner side wall of the racetrack-shaped hole (413) is integrally formed and connected to the outer side wall of the double-compartment cylinder of the locking unit (42). The rotor fastener (43) is paired with the slot of the rotor (33) ball core of the disc frame unit (3) and has two states, "locked" and "unlocked", under the control of the external controller. In the locking unit (42), the left and right compartments of the left and right compartment combination (422) are close to the rotor fastener (43) and the arc blade (411) of the wing (41) respectively; the top of the corresponding straight section of the left and right compartment combination (422) is integrally formed and connected to the bottom of the base compartment (421); the mating surface between the left and right compartments is a spherical surface that completely matches the outer surface of the locking point ball of the stator (36) of the disc frame unit (3), that is, the mating spherical surface between the left and right compartments is the outer surface of the locking point ball of the stator (36) of the disc frame unit (3); the left compartment is connected to the base compartment (421) through the left compartment suction and discharge valve, and the right compartment is connected to the base compartment (421) through the right compartment suction and discharge valve.When the distance between the hemispheres of the left compartment telescopic end I (4221) and the right compartment telescopic end II (4224) of the locking unit (42) decreases infinitely, a hollow region with the same volume as the spherical locking point (362) of the stator (36) of the plate frame unit (3) is formed between the two hemispheres; at the side wall of the columnar connection point between the spherical locking point (362) and the plate (361), a hollow region with the same volume as the columnar connection point of the stator (36) of the plate frame unit (3) is formed between the edge surfaces of the two hemispheres; the surfaces of the two hollow regions have the same volume as the stator of the plate frame unit (3) (36) Magnetic plate III (363) is a diaphragm with opposite magnetic properties. Under the control of the external controller, the diaphragm causes the hollow area formed between the left and right compartments of the locking unit (42) to produce two states of "locking" and "unlocking" with the stator (36) of the tray unit (3). Outside the spherical locking point (362) and at the columnar connection point side wall between the fixed plate (361), that is, at the direct docking point of the two hemispheres, the edge surfaces of the two hemispheres are equipped with diaphragms with opposite magnetic properties. When the distance between the two hemispheres is infinitely reduced, the edge surfaces of the two hemispheres are completely attached. In order to further close and lock the hollow area formed between the left and right compartments of the locking unit (42), the end face hemisphere edge surfaces of the left compartment telescopic end I (4221) and the right compartment telescopic end II (4224) of the locking unit (42) are respectively equipped with male and female buckles with U-shaped buckles with loops. The combined left and right compartments of the locking unit (42) fit perfectly into the racetrack-shaped hole (413) of the frame unit (3). Along the long axis, the base compartment (421) of the locking unit (42) covers the combined area of ​​the left compartment telescopic end I (4221) and the right compartment telescopic end II (4224) of the locking unit (42). The base compartment (421) is located at the top of the combined area of ​​the left compartment telescopic end I (4221) and the right compartment telescopic end II (4224) of the locking unit (42). Along the short axis, the base compartment (421) Compared to the left compartment telescopic end I (4221) and right compartment telescopic end II (4224) of the locking unit (42), there is an additional rectangular perimeter (4212) on each side. The two perimeters (4212) are integrally connected with the blade (41) of the blade unit on the side facing the blade (41) of the rotating blade unit (4). That is, the locking unit (42) is fixed in the runway-shaped hole (413) of the frame unit (3) through the two rectangular perimeters (4212) of the base compartment (421). The straight section formed by the telescopic end I (4221) of the left compartment and the telescopic end II (4224) of the right compartment of the locking unit (42) and the part enclosed by the base compartment (421) is the overlapping area (4211) of the base compartment (421).At the intersection of the bottom edge of the base compartment (421) of the locking unit (42) and the side wall of the left compartment fixed end I (4222), a suction and discharge valve I (423) is installed, with the two ends of the suction and discharge valve connected to the base compartment (421) and the left compartment of the locking unit (42) respectively; at the intersection of the bottom edge of the base compartment (421) of the locking unit (42) and the side wall of the right compartment fixed end II (4225), a suction and discharge valve II (424) is installed, with the two ends of the suction and discharge valve connected to the base compartment (421) and the right compartment of the locking unit (42) respectively. The left, right, and base compartments (421) of the locking unit (42) are filled with hydraulic oil. At the same time, the hydraulic oil does not completely fill the left, right, and base compartments (421). Under the control of the external controller, the flow of hydraulic oil between the left compartment and the base compartment (421) and between the right compartment and the base compartment (421) is controlled by suction and discharge valve I (423) and suction and discharge valve II (424), respectively.

[0045] Under normal drilling conditions, under the control of the external controller, the hollow area formed between the left and right chambers is in a "locked" state with the stator (36) of the frame unit (3), and the male and female buckles (4227) of the U-shaped buckle rings on the end faces of the left chamber telescopic end I (4221) and the right chamber telescopic end II (4224) are in a "locked" state. Under the control of the external controller, the rotor (33) ball core of the control panel unit (3) rotates clockwise or counterclockwise along the rail ring (31) at an equal angle that meets the operating requirements. At the same time, the suction and discharge valve I (423) connecting the left compartment and the base compartment (421) and the suction and discharge valve II (424) connecting the base compartment (421) and the right compartment are opened, so that the suction and discharge valve I (423) and the suction and discharge valve II (424) are in suction mode and discharge mode respectively. The hydraulic oil is drawn from the left compartment at a controlled speed and pushed to the right compartment by unidirectional pressure boosting through the base compartment (421). The pressure boosting of the right compartment pushes the locking unit (42) to lock the stator of the control panel unit (3) in the hollow area formed between the left and right compartments. (36), and make it run along the racetrack-shaped hole (413) of the disc unit (3) toward the rotor fastener (43) side. The right compartment telescopic end folding plate is stretched and the left compartment telescopic end folding plate is compressed. The radial length of the blade (41) of the rotary blade unit (4) outside the fixed ring (32) of the disc unit (3) increases, the drill bit size increases, and when the stator (36) of the hollow region locking disc unit (3) reaches the bend end (4131) of the racetrack-shaped hole (413) toward the rotor fastener (43) side, the drill bit size reaches its maximum value; conversely, the hydraulic oil is drawn from the right compartment at a controlled speed and pushed to the left compartment by unidirectional pressure boosting through the base compartment (421). The left compartment pressure boosting pushes the lock. The stator (36) of the disc frame unit (3) is locked in the hollow area formed between the left and right compartments of the unit (42), and moves along the runway-shaped hole (413) of the disc frame unit (3) toward the arc-shaped cutting edge (411) of the blade (41). The left compartment telescopic end plate is stretched while the right compartment telescopic end plate is compressed. The radial length of the blade (41) of the rotary blade unit (4) outside the unit disc frame stationary ring (32) decreases, and the drill bit size decreases. When the stator (36) of the hollow area locking disc frame unit (3) reaches the bend end (4131) of the runway-shaped hole (413) toward the arc-shaped cutting edge (411) of the blade (411), the drill bit size reaches its minimum value. During production and use, the position of the hollow area formed between the left and right chambers of the control locking unit (42) along the racetrack-shaped hole (413) of the disc unit (3) is determined. When the drill bit size is adjusted to meet the requirements, the ball core of the rotor (33) of the disc unit (3) no longer moves along the track ring (31), and the suction and discharge valves I (423) and II (424) are closed at the same time. The hydraulic pressure of the left and right chambers is used to balance the impact force of the drill bit on the formation during drilling. This not only protects the cutting edge of the drill bit, but also the dynamic balancing effect of the hydraulic pressure will generate a reverse rotational impact force during the high-speed rotation of the drill bit, which is more conducive to the cutting and breaking of the formation rock by the drill bit.Each resolver unit is assembled with a rotor (33) on the track ring (31) and a stator (36) on the stator ring (32) of the disc frame unit (3) through rotor fastener (43) and locking unit (42), respectively, thereby realizing the assembly of the blade (41) and the disc frame unit (3). The number of rotors (33) on the track ring (31) of the disc frame unit (3) is fully assembled with the corresponding number of resolver blade units (4) to form a blade resolver disc layer. Several blade resolver disc layers are rotated at high speed by the prism (12) built into the shaft column (1) through the chuck of the disc frame unit (3) to become the cutting head of the drill bit. From the drill bit body (5) to the cutting head, when the radial length of the vane (41) outside the fixed ring (32) of the disk frame unit (3) remains the same, the cutting head of the drill bit is cylindrical; when the radial length of the vane (41) outside the fixed ring (32) of the disk frame unit (3) gradually decreases, the cutting head of the drill bit is frustoconical; when the radial length of the vane (41) outside the fixed ring (32) of the disk frame unit (3) first increases and then decreases, the cutting head of the drill bit... It is olive-shaped; when the radial axis intersection angle of the blades (41) corresponding to the upper and lower adjacent blade spin-changing disk layers is zero, the blade head sidewall is a straight groove; when the radial axis intersection angle of the blades (41) corresponding to the upper and lower adjacent blade spin-changing disk layers is non-zero and equal, the blade head sidewall is an arc-shaped groove; when the radial axis intersection angle of the blades (41) corresponding to the upper and lower adjacent blade spin-changing disk layers is non-zero and unequal, the blade head sidewall is a regular tooth-shaped groove or an irregular tooth-shaped groove.

Claims

1. A novel anti-jamming and deformation-resistant reaming drill bit structure, comprising a base body, shaft column, disc cover, disc frame unit, and a rotary cutter blade unit; the base body is annular in shape, consisting of a top surface, bottom surface, inner surface, and outer surface; the disc frame unit comprises a guide ring, a stator ring, a rotor, a stator, a chuck, and grinding teeth, the stator comprising a spherical locking point, a fixed disc, and a magnetic clamping plate III; the rotary cutter blade unit comprises blades, rotor fasteners, and a locking unit, the blade periphery consisting of two radial cutting edges and one arc cutting edge, the locking unit comprising a suction / discharge valve, a cylinder shell, a left and right chamber assembly, and a base chamber, characterized in that: The threaded end of the shaft column circular pipe thread cooperates with the thread of the drill collar to connect the drill collar and the drill bit, the outer side of the base connection end of the circular pipe which is not machined with thread is integrally connected with the inner side of the base ring column body, the outer side of the axial edge line of the circular pipe prism is integrally connected with the inner side of the circular pipe, one end of the prism is coplanar with one end of the shaft column circular pipe, that is, the cross section of the shaft column has two forms, one end is a circle inscribed regular polygon, and the other end is a regular polygon; the disc cover is a circular ring body track, the tooth port side of the disc cover is opposite to the tooth port side of the rail ring of the disc frame unit, the tooth port back surface of the rail ring is integrally connected with the bottom surface of the drill bit base, the one side tooth port of the rail ring of the disc frame unit and the circular ring body track of the disc cover form a pair of tooth port opposite tracks, and the other side tooth port and the tooth port of the rail ring of the other disc frame unit form a pair of tooth port opposite tracks, a plurality of movable ball cores are embedded between each pair of tooth ports, the ball cores are clamped in the opposite tooth ports formed by the rail ring and the circular ring body track of the disc cover and are distributed along the circumference of the tooth port and cannot fall off; the rotor ball core of the disc frame unit is provided with a clamping groove on the axial surface, and is matched and docked with the rotor of the rotary variable cutter blade unit; the fixed ring of the disc frame unit is a circular ring coaxial with the rail ring and coplanar with the back interface of the double side tooth port of the rail ring, and the stator is uniformly distributed on the circular ring surface of the fixed ring on the same side of the rotor and is integrally connected; the spherical lock point of the stator of the disc frame unit is integrally connected with the stator disc through the columnar connecting point, the magnetic holding piece III of the stator is the outer surface of the combination of the spherical lock point and the columnar connecting point, and has a magnetic membrane; the chuck of the disc frame unit is a disc with a regular polygon hole in the center, the outer circumference of the disc is integrally connected with the back interface of the double side tooth port of the rail ring, the size of the regular polygon hole in the center of the chuck matches the size of the cross section of the regular polygon of the built-in prism of the shaft column, that is, the shaft column drives the chuck to rotate; the grinding tooth of the disc frame unit is a particle body integrally formed with the outer diameter side of the fixed ring; the matching between the rotor matching of the rotary variable cutter blade unit and the rotor of the disc frame unit and the matching between the lock unit and the stator of the disc frame unit realize the matching of the fixed ring of the disc frame unit and the rail ring of the disc frame unit; the small end of the blade of the rotary variable cutter blade unit is integrally connected with the rotor matching matched with the rotor of the disc frame unit, the rotor matching is inserted into the clamping groove of the rotor ball core of the disc frame unit and is locked, that is, when the rotor of the disc frame unit rotates clockwise or counterclockwise in the area of the track tooth port, the small end of the blade of the rotary variable cutter blade unit will move synchronously; the blade is fan-shaped, one end of the runway type hole distributed at the axis faces the rotor matching, and the other end faces the arc blade of the blade, the inner wall of the runway type hole is integrally connected with the outer wall of the double cylinder of the lock unit; the rotor matching of the rotary variable cutter blade unit and the clamping groove of the rotor ball core of the disc frame unit are matched and docked, and have two states of "locking" and "unlocking" under the control operation of the external controller.In the locking unit of the rotary variable cutter blade unit, the left bin and the right bin are embedded in the runway type hole of the disc frame unit, the left bin and the right bin are respectively close to the rotor buckle and the arc blade, the top of the left bin and the right bin corresponding to the straight area is integrally connected with the bottom of the base bin, the joint surface between the left bin and the right bin is a spherical surface completely matched with the outer surface of the stator locking point ball of the disc frame unit, that is, the joint spherical surface between the left bin and the right bin is the outer surface of the stator locking point ball of the disc frame unit, the left bin is communicated with the base bin through the left bin suction and exhaust valve, the right bin is communicated with the base bin through the right bin suction and exhaust valve, the end face hemispherical edge surface of the left bin and the right bin of the locking unit is respectively provided with a male buckle and a female buckle with a U-shaped buckle ring, which realizes the closure locking or unlocking of the hollow area between the left bin and the right bin of the locking unit; the base bin of the locking unit is located at the top of the left bin and the right bin of the locking unit, and is integrally connected with the side wall of the blade of the rotary variable cutter blade unit along the rectangular circumferential surface, that is, the base bin of the locking unit is fixed in the runway type hole of the disc frame unit through the two rectangular circumferential surfaces of the base bin; the base bin of the locking unit forms a containing part for the straight area formed by the left bin and the right bin of the locking unit, which is the base bin stacking area, which is provided with a suction and exhaust valve I with two ends respectively connected with the base bin and the left bin at the intersection of the circumferential surface of the base bin and the side wall of the fixed end I of the left bin, and a suction and exhaust valve II with two ends respectively connected with the base bin and the right bin at the intersection of the circumferential surface of the base bin and the side wall of the fixed end II of the right bin.

2. The novel anti-sticking deformation reaming bit structure of claim 1, wherein the rail cross section of the disc frame unit is X-shaped; the disc frame unit has multiple grinding teeth, which are evenly distributed on the lateral surface of the outer diameter of the fixed ring; the grinding teeth play a role of grinding rock when the disc frame unit rotates; the rotor, i.e. the ball core, of the disc frame unit is multiple, rotates clockwise or counterclockwise in the area under the control of the external controller, and each ball core rotor is controlled or synchronously controlled by the external controller; the side wall surface of the cylindrical connecting point between the stator ball lock point of the disc frame unit and the fixed disc forms a hollow area with the same volume as the cylindrical connecting point of the disc frame unit between the two hemispherical edge surfaces, and the surface of the two hollow areas has a film with a magnetic property opposite to that of the magnetic holding piece III of the disc frame unit stator; under the control of the external controller, the film makes the hollow area between the left and right warehouses of the lock unit form two states of "locking" and "unlocking" with the disc frame unit stator; the side wall surface of the cylindrical connecting point between the stator ball lock point and the fixed disc, i.e. the direct butt joint between the two hemispherical edge surfaces, has a film with a magnetic property opposite to that of the other, and the two hemispherical edge surfaces completely fit when the distance between the two hemispherical surfaces is infinitely reduced.

3. The novel anti-sticking deformation reaming bit structure of claim 1, wherein the combination of the left and right warehouses of the spin variable blade unit lock unit is embedded in the runway type hole of the disc frame unit, the left warehouse is composed of the telescopic end I, the fixed end I and the magnetic holding piece I, the right warehouse is composed of the telescopic end II, the fixed end II and the magnetic holding piece II, and when the distance between the hemispherical surfaces of the telescopic end I of the left warehouse and the telescopic end II of the right warehouse is infinitely reduced, a hollow area with the same volume as the stator ball lock point of the disc frame unit is formed between the two hemispheres; in the long axis direction, the base warehouse of the lock unit covers the combined area of the telescopic end I of the left warehouse and the telescopic end II of the right warehouse; in the short axis direction, compared with the telescopic end I of the left warehouse and the telescopic end II of the right warehouse, the base warehouse of the lock unit has two more rectangular circumferential edges on both sides; the left, right and base warehouses of the lock unit are filled with hydraulic oil, and the hydraulic oil is not completely filled in the left, right and base warehouses at the same time, and the flow of the hydraulic oil between the left and base warehouses and between the right and base warehouses under the control of the external controller is realized by the suction and discharge valves I and II to control the flow rate and direction of the hydraulic oil flow.

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