A high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-efficiency membrane reactor with a biomimetic leaf catalytic bed pore structure. The leaf epidermal metal shell is made of a high-temperature and corrosion-resistant metallic material. The outer surface can be sprayed with a highly absorptive material for solar-assisted heating, providing support and protection for the membrane reactor and absorbing heat and providing energy. The low-porosity mesophyll blocks are densely packed with catalyst and function as product generators. The high-porosity blocks in the branch veins are filled with low-density catalyst and have low flow resistance, functioning as product transporters. The main vein separation membrane tubes are made of a highly permeable and selective material, such as palladium alloy or zeolite, and function as separation, purification, and product transporters. The present invention can achieve efficient product generation, transport, and purification similar to those in leaves and can be applied to and enhance various gaseous reversible chemical production processes, such as carbon dioxide reduction, methane reforming to produce hydrogen, ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen, and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of product separation membrane reactors, and in particular relates to a high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure. Background Art

[0002] In traditional reactors, reversible reaction systems cannot fully convert reactants due to thermodynamic equilibrium constraints. Separation membranes, devices that selectively transmit different components, are widely used in purification, electrode preparation, and product separation. By leveraging the product separation function of membranes, target products can be continuously removed from traditional reactors. Based on the Le Chatelier principle, this method overcomes the inherent thermodynamic constraints, achieving higher target product yields and reactant conversion rates while also purifying the product.

[0003] However, in traditional membrane reactors, the selective transfer of certain substances through the membrane under the action of the transmembrane driving force leads to the formation of a concentration gradient at the membrane / solution interface. This concentration polarization problem of the separation products, which is common in traditional membrane reactors, hinders further separation of the products and significantly reduces the cost-effectiveness of the membrane materials. In addition, it also affects the efficient progress of the reaction. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the synergy between separation and reaction in the membrane reactor through low-cost transformation, so as to achieve the cooling and efficiency improvement of the membrane reactor and make full use of the high-value membrane materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the weak reaction and separation performance caused by concentration polarization in existing membrane reactors, the present invention proposes a high-efficiency membrane reactor with a biomimetic blade-like catalytic bed pore structure. This membrane reactor significantly improves the synergy between reaction and separation within the membrane reactor and can be applied to a variety of reversible gaseous chemical production processes.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] A high-efficiency membrane reactor with a biomimetic leaf catalytic bed pore structure comprises six main components: a leaf epidermal metal shell, a main vein separation membrane tube, an inlet and outlet medium-pore block, a metal porous spacer, a branch vein high-porosity block, and a mesophyll low-porosity block. The leaf epidermal metal shell and the main vein separation membrane tube are fixed to each other by welding to ensure their coaxial spatial positioning. The mesophyll low-porosity block, the branch vein high-porosity block, and the inlet and outlet medium-pore block are all part of the catalytic bed reaction section and are filled between the leaf epidermal metal shell and the main vein separation membrane tube, where they are tightly attached. Non-fixed metal porous spacers are distributed between the mesophyll low-porosity block, the branch vein high-porosity block, and the inlet and outlet medium-pore block.

[0007] Inspired by the efficient nutrient production and transport capabilities of leaves, this invention constructs a high-efficiency membrane reactor structure with a biomimetic leaf catalytic bed pore structure based on the distribution of the leaf epidermis, main veins, branch veins, and mesophyll within the leaf. The leaf epidermis provides protection, support, and sunlight transmission within the leaf. The mesophyll absorbs sunlight through photosynthesis, producing a large amount of nutrients. The branch veins absorb nutrients and transfer them to the main veins, which then transport them to the plant body to provide nutrients.

[0008] In a high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure, the leaf epidermal metal shell plays the role of protection, support and sunlight reception. It is a cylindrical tube with a diameter of 50-100mm, a length of 300-2000mm and a thickness of 2-5mm. It is made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant metal materials including but not limited to aluminum, copper and stainless steel. The outer surface of the leaf epidermal metal shell is sprayed with high-light-absorbing materials including but not limited to carbon black, black chromium and black nickel by a vacuum sputtering coating process to absorb solar energy for auxiliary heating.

[0009] The main vein separation membrane tube serves to transport the product. It is a cylindrical tube with a diameter of 20-60 mm and is smaller than the diameter of the leaf epidermal metal shell. The tube length is the same as the leaf epidermal metal shell. It is composed of a palladium membrane tube or zeolite loaded on a porous ceramic or porous stainless steel substrate, wherein the substrate thickness is 1-3 mm and the palladium membrane thickness is 3-10 μm.

[0010] The heat absorbed by the leaf epidermal metal shell is first transferred to the catalytic bed reaction zone composed of medium-pore blocks at the inlet and outlet, high-pore blocks at the branch veins, and low-pore blocks at the mesophyll to provide reaction heat and carry out reactions to varying degrees.

[0011] The pore blocks in the inlet and outlet are in the shape of a circular umbrella, with an inner diameter equal to the diameter of the main vein separation membrane tube and an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the leaf epidermis metal shell, and are located at the inlet and outlet of the membrane reactor; the porosity of the catalyst particle bed filled with the pore blocks in the inlet and outlet is 0.45-0.55, and the medium pore design takes into account the uniform and stable inflow and outflow of reactants and heat transfer.

[0012] The branch vein high-porosity block is in the shape of a circular umbrella, with an inner diameter equal to the diameter of the main vein separation membrane tube and an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the leaf epidermis metal shell, and is arranged and distributed in an orderly manner with the mesophyll low-porosity blocks; the porosity of the catalyst particle bed filled with the branch vein high-porosity block is 0.6-0.8, and the reaction product mixture mainly relies on low flow resistance to flow along the branch vein high-porosity block, realizing a function similar to the product transmission of the branch veins in leaves.

[0013] The mesophyll low-porosity block is in the shape of a circular umbrella, with an inner diameter equal to the diameter of the main vein separation membrane tube and an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the leaf epidermis metal shell tube, and is arranged and distributed in an orderly manner with the branch vein high-porosity blocks; the porosity of the catalyst particle bed filled with the mesophyll low-porosity block is 0.2-0.4, and the reaction rate in the mesophyll low-porosity block is mainly increased by the high amount of catalyst, thereby achieving a function similar to the production of mesophyll photosynthesis products in leaves.

[0014] The metal porous spacer is in the shape of a circular umbrella, with a thickness of 1-2 mm, an inner diameter equal to the diameter of the main leaf vein separation membrane tube, and an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the leaf epidermis metal shell tube. It is located between the medium-pore block at the inlet and outlet, the high-pore block at the branch leaf vein, and the low-pore block at the mesophyll. It is made of stainless steel or copper and is used to fix the shape of each pore block and separate each pore block. The porous structure of the metal porous spacer allows airflow to pass through without affecting the original airflow.

[0015] In the catalytic bed reaction zone, the orderly arrangement and distribution of medium-pore blocks at the inlet and outlet, high-pore blocks in the branch veins, and low-pore blocks in the mesophyll achieves enhanced reaction production and product separation. The specific process is as follows:

[0016] The reactants flow in evenly from the pore blocks in the inlet and outlet, and a large amount of products are produced in the mesophyll low-pore blocks, forming a high-concentration product mixture. After being promptly delivered to the main vein separation membrane tube through the transmission channel of the branch vein high-pore block, the high-concentration product in the catalytic bed becomes a low-concentration product, and enters the next mesophyll low-pore block to continue to efficiently produce a large amount of products, completing efficient reaction and separation synergy in the catalytic bed.

[0017] In the reaction zone of the catalytic bed, the catalyst filling of each pore block in the inlet medium pore block, the branch vein high pore block and the mesophyll low pore block is uniform, but their porosities are different.

[0018] Preferably, the high-efficiency membrane reactor is suitable for various gaseous, reversible chemical production processes. The catalyst material in the catalyst bed is determined by the corresponding reaction conditions and is not limited to a fixed material. For example, methane reforming to hydrogen production corresponds to a nickel-based catalyst NiO / Al2O3, while methanol reforming to hydrogen production corresponds to a copper-based catalyst CuO / ZnO.

[0019] Preferably, the heating method of the high-efficiency membrane reactor can be solar heating, heat storage tank heating or electric furnace heating to achieve continuous clean production day and night.

[0020] Preferably, in the annular area between the leaf epidermis metal shell and the main vein separation membrane tube of the high-efficiency membrane reactor, a high-pressure reaction zone can be created by an external booster pump or a back pressure valve at the outlet to further enhance the separation effect.

[0021] Preferably, a low-pressure separation zone can be created in the main vein separation membrane tube of the high-efficiency membrane reactor by connecting an external vacuum pump to further enhance the separation effect.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the method proposed in the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. This high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure is inspired by the efficient nutrient production and transport capabilities of leaves, maintaining functional characteristics highly similar to the composition of each part of the leaf, and achieving efficient product production and separation and purification.

[0024] 2. This high-efficiency membrane reactor has a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure. The inclined branch vein high-pore blocks guide the product to the main vein separation membrane tube to increase the product partial pressure on the membrane tube side, thereby improving the product purification amount.

[0025] 3. This high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure has inclined mesophyll low-pore blocks that absorb the low-product concentration reaction mixture after radial product transport and separation by the branch vein high-pore blocks and main vein separation membrane tubes, achieving efficient reaction under the action of a sufficiently high amount of catalyst, thereby increasing product production.

[0026] 4. This high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure has an orderly arrangement of inclined branch vein high-porosity blocks and inclined mesophyll low-porosity blocks, which realizes the sequential production and separation of products, that is, the synergy of reaction and separation in the membrane reactor.

[0027] 5. The high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure has a pore block distribution in the inlet and outlet that takes into account both the reaction performance and flow stability of the inlet and outlet.

[0028] 6. This high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure only requires changing the porosity distribution of the catalytic bed in the traditional membrane reactor and maintaining this distribution through a metal porous spacer. The required modification cost is extremely low and the improvement effect is obvious.

[0029] 7. This high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure is suitable for various gaseous reversible chemical production processes, such as carbon dioxide reduction, methane reforming to produce hydrogen, ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, etc.

[0030] 8. This high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure allows for lower temperature production operations due to improved separation performance, which means it allows for the use of lower-grade energy, which is beneficial to the recycling of low-grade energy in industrial production processes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1Schematic diagram of a high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure proposed in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 A half-section view and a side view of a high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 The three-view and isometric drawings of the porous metal spacer 4 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 The three-view and isometric drawings of the branch vein high porosity block 5 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 The three-view and isometric drawings of the mesophyll low-porosity block 6 of the present invention are shown;

[0036] Figure 6 The present invention provides a front view and a cross-sectional view of (a) the inlet pore block and (b) the outlet pore block;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of methane conversion performance in this embodiment;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a performance comparison chart of hydrogen recovery rate in this embodiment.

[0039] 1-leaf epidermal metal shell, 2-main leaf vein separation membrane tube, 3-inlet and outlet medium-pore block, 4-metal porous spacer, 5-branch leaf vein high-porosity block, 6-mesophyll low-porosity block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, which is only one embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Example: A bionic blade-based high-efficiency hydrogen separation membrane reactor for hydrogen production based on methane wet reforming.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the present invention proposes a high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic leaf catalytic bed pore structure, comprising a leaf epidermis metal shell 1, a main vein separation membrane tube 2, an inlet and outlet medium-pore block 3, a metal porous spacer 4, a branch vein high-pore block 5, and a mesophyll low-pore block 6, a total of six main parts, which correspond to the distribution of the leaf epidermis 1', main vein 2', branch vein 5', and mesophyll 6' in the leaf respectively. Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, all six parts are rotationally symmetric around the same axis, and the total length of the membrane reactor is 2000 mm, wherein the arrows describe the flow direction in the membrane reactor.

[0043] In the membrane reactor, the leaf epidermis metal shell 1 plays the role of protection, support and receiving sunlight. It is a cylindrical tube with a diameter of 70mm, a length of 2000mm and a thickness of 2mm. It is made of stainless steel. The outer surface of the leaf epidermis metal shell 1 is sprayed with black chromium high-light-absorbing material by a vacuum sputtering coating process to absorb solar energy for auxiliary heating.

[0044] In the membrane reactor, the main vein separation membrane tube 2 serves as product transport. It is a cylindrical tube with a diameter of 33 mm and a length of 2000 mm. It is composed of a palladium membrane tube supported on porous stainless steel. The substrate thickness is 1 mm and the palladium membrane thickness is 5 μm, which can achieve nearly 100% selective separation of hydrogen products. The water vapor purge gas in the main vein separation membrane tube 2 carries away the separated products, realizing a function similar to the separation, purification and product transportation of the main vein 2' in the leaf.

[0045] In the membrane reactor, heat absorbed by the leaf epidermis metal shell 1 is first transferred to the catalytic bed reaction zone, consisting of medium-porosity blocks 3 at the inlet and outlet, high-porosity blocks 5 at the branch veins, and low-porosity blocks 6 at the mesophyll. This provides heat for the reaction and allows for varying degrees of reaction. The methane wet reforming reaction system consists of CH4, H2O, H2, CO, and CO2, with CH4 and H2O as reactants and H2, CO, and CO2 as products. H2 is the only product selectively separated by the palladium membrane.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown in FIG5 , in the membrane reactor, the pore blocks 3 in the inlet and outlet are in the shape of a circular umbrella, with a total thickness of 20 mm, an inner diameter of 33 mm, an outer diameter of 66 mm, and an inclination angle φ of 135°, and are located at the inlet and outlet of the membrane reactor respectively; the porosity of the catalyst particle bed filled with the pore blocks 3 in the inlet and outlet is 0.5, and the medium pore design takes into account the uniform and stable inflow and outflow of reactants and heat transfer.

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, in the membrane reactor, the branch vein high porosity block 5 is annular umbrella-shaped, 5 mm thick, 33 mm inner diameter, 66 mm outer diameter, and has an inclination angle φ of 135°, and is arranged in an orderly manner with the mesophyll low porosity block 6; the porosity of the catalyst particle bed filled with the branch vein high porosity block 5 is 0.8, and the reaction product mixture mainly relies on low flow resistance to flow along the branch vein high porosity block 5, realizing a function similar to the product transmission of the branch vein 5' in the leaf.

[0048] like Figure 5As shown, in the membrane reactor, the mesophyll low-porosity block 6 is an annular umbrella shape with a thickness of 13 mm, an inner diameter of 33 mm, an outer diameter of 66 mm, and an inclination angle φ of 135°, and is arranged in an orderly manner with the branch vein high-porosity block 5; the porosity of the catalyst particle bed filled with the mesophyll low-porosity block 6 is 0.3, and the reaction rate at the mesophyll low-porosity block 6 is greatly improved mainly by relying on the high amount of catalyst, thereby realizing a function similar to the production of photosynthetic products of mesophyll 6' in leaves.

[0049] like Figure 6 As shown, in the membrane reactor, the metal porous spacer 4 is in the shape of a circular umbrella, with a thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 33 mm, and an outer diameter of 66 mm. It is located between the pore block 3 at the inlet and outlet, the branch vein high-pore block 5, and the mesophyll low-pore block 6. It is made of stainless steel or copper and is used to fix the shape of each pore block and separate the pore blocks. The porous structure of the metal porous spacer 4 allows airflow to pass through without affecting the original airflow.

[0050] In the membrane reactor, reactants flow in evenly from the pore blocks 3 at the inlet and outlet, and produce a large amount of products in the mesophyll low-pore block 6, forming a high-concentration product mixture. After being separated in time through the transmission channel of the branch vein high-pore block 5, the high-concentration product in the catalytic bed becomes a low-concentration product, and enters the next mesophyll low-pore block 6 to continue to efficiently produce a large amount of products, completing efficient reaction and separation synergy in the catalytic bed.

[0051] In order to test the performance of the bionic leaf high-efficiency membrane reactor, a comparison was conducted with a traditional membrane reactor under the same conditions using concentrated solar energy as the heat source. The relevant reaction conditions are: the concentrated solar energy flux is 10,000 W / m 2 , the reaction pressure of the catalytic bed is 3 bar, the membrane tube separation pressure is 1 bar, the reactant feed temperature is 400℃, and the water-carbon ratio of the reactant feed is 3.

[0052] like Figure 7 As shown, the methane conversion rate, that is, the ratio of the input methane being converted, represents the reaction performance of the membrane reactor. The bionic blade membrane reactor has a significant improvement under different original reaction levels of traditional membrane reactors. When the methane conversion rate of the traditional membrane reactor is 0.6, it has a maximum conversion improvement of 28.3%.

[0053] like Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the hydrogen recovery rate, that is, the ratio of all produced hydrogen being separated, represents the separation performance of the membrane reactor. The bionic blade membrane reactor has a significant improvement under different original reaction levels of traditional membrane reactors. When the hydrogen recovery rate of the traditional membrane reactor is 0.58, it has a maximum conversion improvement of 34.5%.

[0054] The porous solid catalyst material is determined by the corresponding reaction conditions and is not limited to a certain material. For example, methane reforming to produce hydrogen corresponds to Ni-based catalysts including NiO / Al2O3, Ni / MgO-Al2O3, Ni / La2O3-Al2O3, Rh-based catalysts including Rh / Al2O3, Rh / CeO2-ZrO2, Ru-based catalysts including Ru / Al2O3, Ru / CeO2-ZrO2, Ir-based catalysts including Ir / Al2O3, Ir / CeO2-ZrO2, Pt-based catalysts including Pt / Al2O3, Pt / CeO2-ZrO2; For alcohol reforming to produce hydrogen, copper-based catalysts such as CuO / ZnO, CuO-ZnO-Al2O3, CuO-ZnO-Cr2O3, CuO-ZnO-CeO2, CuO-ZnO-La2O3, CuO-ZnO-MgO, and CuO-ZnO-TiO2 are suitable. For ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen, monometallic catalysts include Ir, Ru, Ni, and Fe, while bimetallic catalysts include Fe0.9Ni0.1, Fe0.9Mo0.1, Fe3C, Mo2C, Fe4N, and Mo2N. The specific catalyst is determined by the corresponding reaction system.

[0055] This example demonstrates the feasibility and reliability of a high-efficiency membrane reactor with a biomimetic blade-like catalytic bed pore structure in a methane wet reforming hydrogen production system. The biomimetic blade-like catalyst's multi-stage pore structure enables efficient product separation and reaction synergy.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure, characterized in that include: The leaf epidermis metal shell (1), the main leaf vein separation membrane tube (2), the inlet and outlet medium pore block (3), the metal porous spacer (4), the branch leaf vein high pore block (5) and the mesophyll low pore block (6), the leaf epidermis metal shell (1) is located at the outermost side, and plays the role of supporting protection and absorbing heat and providing energy; the main leaf vein separation membrane tube (2) is located at the innermost side, and plays the role of separation, purification and product transportation; the leaf epidermis metal shell (1) and the main leaf vein separation membrane tube (2) are fixed to each other by welding, and the mesophyll low pore block (6), the branch leaf vein high pore block (5) and the inlet and outlet medium pore block (3) belong to the catalytic bed reaction part, and are filled in the leaf epidermis metal shell (1) and the main leaf vein separation membrane tube. (2), and closely fits with the leaf epidermal metal shell (1) and the main leaf vein separation membrane tube (2), and plays a reaction role. The filling method is to fill a medium-pore block (3) at the inlet and outlet, and then fill the branch leaf vein high-pore block (5) and the mesophyll low-pore block (6) in sequence along the flow direction, and then repeat the above filling combination of the branch leaf vein high-pore block (5) and the mesophyll low-pore block (6), and finally fill a medium-pore block (3) at the outlet. The non-fixed metal porous spacer (4) is distributed between the mesophyll low-pore block (6), the branch leaf vein high-pore block (5) and the medium-pore block (3) at the inlet and outlet, and plays a fixed block role of different pore blocks.

2. The high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leaf epidermal metal shell (1) is cylindrical and tubular, with a diameter of 50-100 mm, a length of 300-2000 mm, and a thickness of 2-5 mm. It is made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant metal materials including but not limited to aluminum, copper, and stainless steel. The outer surface of the leaf epidermal metal shell (1) is sprayed with high-light-absorbing materials including but not limited to carbon black, black chromium, and black nickel by a vacuum sputtering coating process for absorbing solar energy to assist in heating, and plays a role in supporting and protecting the membrane reactor and absorbing heat and providing energy.

3. The high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main vein separation membrane tube (2) is cylindrical, has a diameter of 20-60 mm and is smaller than the diameter of the leaf epidermal metal shell (1), and has the same length as the leaf epidermal metal shell (1). It is composed of a palladium membrane tube or zeolite supported on a porous ceramic or porous stainless steel substrate, wherein the substrate has a thickness of 1-3 mm and the palladium membrane has a thickness of 3-10 μm.

4. The high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main vein separation membrane tube (2) has a product separation function. The product gas generated in the catalytic bed reaction part of the mesophyll low-pore block (6), the branch vein high-pore block (5) and the inlet and outlet medium-pore block (3) will penetrate through the membrane into the main vein separation membrane tube (2). The water vapor purge gas in the main vein separation membrane tube (2) will carry away the separation product, realizing the separation and purification and product transportation functions similar to the main vein (2') in the leaf.

5. The high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pore block (3) in the inlet and outlet is in the shape of a circular umbrella, with an inner diameter equal to the diameter of the main vein separation membrane tube (2) and an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the leaf epidermis metal shell (1), and is located at the inlet and outlet of the membrane reactor; the porosity of the catalyst particle bed filled in the pore block (3) in the inlet and outlet is 0.45-0.55, and the medium pore design takes into account the uniform and stable inflow and outflow of reactants and heat transfer, and also has reaction capacity.

6. The high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The branch vein high-porosity block (5) is in the shape of a circular umbrella, with an inner diameter equal to the diameter of the main vein separation membrane tube (2) and an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the leaf epidermis metal shell (1), and is arranged and distributed in an orderly manner with the mesophyll low-porosity block (6); the porosity of the catalyst particle bed filled with the branch vein high-porosity block (5) is 0.6-0.8, and the reaction product mixture mainly relies on low flow resistance to flow along the branch vein high-porosity block (5), thereby achieving a function similar to the product transmission of the branch vein (5') in the leaf.

7. The high-efficiency membrane reactor with a biomimetic blade catalytic bed pore structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesophyll low-porosity block (6) is an annular umbrella-shaped block with an inner diameter equal to the diameter of the main vein separation membrane tube (2) and an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the leaf epidermis metal shell (1), and is arranged and distributed in an orderly manner with the branch vein high-porosity block (5); the porosity of the catalyst particle bed filled with the mesophyll low-porosity block (6) is 0.2-0.4, and the reaction rate at the mesophyll low-porosity block (6) is greatly improved mainly by relying on the high amount of catalyst, thereby achieving a function similar to the production of photosynthesis products of the mesophyll (6') in the leaf.

8. The high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal porous spacer (4) is in the shape of a circular umbrella, with a thickness of 1-2 mm, an inner diameter equal to the diameter of the main vein separation membrane tube (2), and an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the leaf epidermis metal shell (1). It is located between the inlet and outlet medium pore block (3), the branch vein high pore block (5) and the mesophyll low pore block (6), and is made of stainless steel or copper material. It is used to fix the shape of each pore block and separate the pore blocks. The porous structure of the metal porous spacer (4) allows airflow to pass through without affecting the original airflow.

9. The high-efficiency membrane reactor with a bionic blade catalytic bed pore structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesophyll low-porosity blocks (6) in the catalytic bed produce a large amount of products to form a high-concentration product mixed gas, which is promptly delivered to the main vein separation membrane tube (2) through the transmission channel of the branch vein high-porosity block (5) for separation. The high-concentration product in the catalytic bed is converted into a low-concentration product and enters the next mesophyll low-porosity block (6) to continue to efficiently produce a large amount of products, completing the efficient reaction and separation synergy in the catalytic bed.

10. The catalytic bed according to claim 9, characterized in that: The catalyst material in the catalyst bed is determined by the corresponding reaction conditions and is not limited to fixing a certain material.

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