Large-diameter caisson casing and large-diameter shaft construction method

Abstract

The application discloses a large-diameter caisson sleeve and a large-diameter vertical shaft construction method, the large-diameter caisson sleeve comprises a first sleeve and a plurality of standard sleeve, the standard sleeves are connected to each other in a nested mode, and the standard sleeves and the first sleeve are connected to each other in a nested mode, wherein the first sleeve and the standard sleeve are both double-layer structures. The application has strong lateral pressure resistance and can bear large-diameter and large-depth water and soil pressure, thereby breaking through the limitation of a traditional single-layer sleeve hole-forming process that is limited to a diameter of less than 7 m and cannot be dug deep.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building engineering technology, and in particular to a large-diameter caisson casing and a large-diameter vertical shaft construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for large-diameter ultra-deep vertical shafts in cities for special applications such as deep underground space development, deep-diving training, and deep well water storage, the need for such shafts is growing. Vertical shaft construction typically involves methods such as direct excavation and wall lining, shaft freezing, injection molding, concrete curtain, caisson, drilling, and slab-column methods. These methods usually require simultaneous excavation and construction of retaining structures, resulting in slow construction speeds, high difficulty in groundwater control, and significant risks. To overcome these problems, a casing drilling process has been developed, using a single-layer concrete casing to form ultra-deep vertical shafts. However, due to limitations imposed by earth pressure and construction techniques, this process can only achieve shaft diameters of 6-7 meters, which is insufficient for larger diameters. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a large-diameter caisson casing and a large-diameter vertical shaft construction method to solve the problem that the traditional single-layer casing drilling process is limited by the diameter and size of the casing, which cannot be made large or deep.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a large-diameter caisson casing, including a first section casing and multiple standard sections casing, wherein the standard sections casing are nested and connected to each other and to the first section casing.

[0005] The first sleeve is a double-layer structure, including an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve arranged concentrically, and truss reinforcement connecting the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve. Multiple stiffening steel plates are evenly arranged between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve, and the stiffening steel plates are distributed among the truss reinforcement. The length of the outer sleeve is greater than the length of the inner sleeve. The upper ends of the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve are aligned. The truss reinforcement extends from the upper end to the lower end of the inner sleeve. The stiffening steel plates extend from the upper end to the lower end of the outer sleeve. The outer sleeve is a steel pipe, and the inner sleeve is a reinforced concrete circular pipe. The lower end of the reinforced concrete circular pipe has a reserved steel bar exposed. The reserved steel bar is bent upward along the inner side of the concrete end face of the reinforced concrete circular pipe. A temporary sealing plate, which is a circular steel plate, is provided between the lower end of the concrete end face of the reinforced concrete circular pipe and the steel pipe.

[0006] The standard sleeve has a double-layer structure, including an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve arranged at the same center, and truss reinforcement connecting the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve. Multiple stiffening steel plates are evenly arranged between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve. The stiffening steel plates are distributed between the truss reinforcement. The truss reinforcement extends from the upper end to the lower end of the inner sleeve, and the stiffening steel plates extend from the upper end to the lower end of the outer sleeve. The outer sleeve is a steel pipe, and the inner sleeve is a reinforced concrete circular pipe.

[0007] The upper end of the first sleeve is provided with a first nested port, and the upper and lower ends of the standard sleeve are respectively provided with a first nested port and a second nested port. The first nested port and the second nested port are mutually nested male and female ports. The standard sleeve and the first standard sleeve below it are nested and connected through the first nested port and the second nested port. The upper standard sleeve and the lower standard sleeve are nested and connected through the first nested port and the second nested port.

[0008] Furthermore, in the large-diameter caisson casing provided by the present invention, the truss reinforcement is welded onto the steel mesh of the reinforced concrete circular pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, in the large-diameter caisson casing provided by the present invention, the first nested port is a female port and the second nested port is a male port.

[0010] Furthermore, in the large-diameter caisson casing provided by the present invention, the first nested port is a male port and the second nested port is a female port.

[0011] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention also provides a method for constructing large-diameter vertical shafts, which uses the above-mentioned large-diameter caisson casing, including:

[0012] Positioning and layout, measurement to determine the construction location of the vertical shaft;

[0013] The first section of the casing is lifted and its verticality is adjusted.

[0014] After each excavation and sinking of the first casing section, the soil within the sinking depth range is excavated and transported, always keeping the lower end of the concrete end face of the reinforced concrete circular pipe of the first casing section above the soil layer; wherein the length of the outer casing of the first casing section is greater than the length of the inner casing and is greater than or equal to the single excavation depth.

[0015] After the first section of the casing is lowered to the designated elevation, the standard section of the casing is hoisted and nested on the first section of the casing. Waterproof material is then pasted at the nesting connection.

[0016] Continue construction according to the single sinking depth and excavation depth, and extend the standard section of the casing until the lower end of the concrete end face of the reinforced concrete circular pipe of the first section of the casing reaches the design depth.

[0017] During the dewatering construction inside the first casing section, the soil inside the first casing section is leveled, a concrete cushion layer is poured, formwork is laid, and bottom slab reinforcement is tied.

[0018] Remove the temporary sealing plate on the reinforced concrete circular pipe, straighten the bent reserved steel bars at the lower end of the reinforced concrete circular pipe and anchor them to the bottom plate steel bars, and pour concrete to form the bottom plate of the shaft.

[0019] In the double-layer structure of the standard section casing and the first section casing, the inner cavity between the outer and inner casings is covered with truss steel bars and concrete is poured in stages to form the sidewall of the shaft.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] This invention provides a large-diameter caisson casing and a method for constructing large-diameter vertical shafts. The large-diameter caisson casing consists of a first-section casing and a standard-section casing. Both the first-section casing and the standard-section casing are double-layered structures composed of an outer casing and a standard-section casing. By incorporating truss reinforcement and stiffening steel plates within the double-layered structure, the large-diameter caisson casing possesses strong lateral pressure resistance, enabling it to withstand the water and soil pressure of large diameters and great depths. This overcomes the limitation of traditional single-layer casing drilling technology, which is limited to diameters below 7m. In other words, the double-layered structure and the internal truss reinforcement and stiffening steel plates enhance its structural strength, allowing for the construction of large-diameter vertical shafts that can withstand significant water and soil pressure. The standard-section casing allows the large-diameter caisson casing to be extended according to the required construction elevation, thus overcoming the limitations of deep excavation.

[0022] The large-diameter caisson casing and large-diameter shaft construction method provided by this invention, through the temporary sealing plate set at the lower end of the first casing section, can prevent mud and slag from entering the double-layer structure of the first casing section and the standard casing section during the sinking process. Then, the engineering quality and structural strength of the shaft sidewall can be improved by pouring concrete into the inner cavity of the double-layer structure to form the sidewall of the shaft.

[0023] The large-diameter caisson casing provided by this invention, with its double-layered first section and standard section casing, features a hollow cavity in the middle, which facilitates hoisting and transportation when used as components of a caisson casing equipment.

[0024] The large-diameter caisson casing and large-diameter vertical shaft construction method provided by this invention involve attaching waterproof material at the joints between each casing section to ensure waterproofing performance during construction. During the pouring of concrete into the inner cavity, the grout can fill any remaining gaps, further enhancing waterproofing performance. Compared with traditional retaining structures, it exhibits superior structural quality.

[0025] The large-diameter caisson casing and large-diameter vertical shaft construction method provided by this invention use the large-diameter caisson casing as a template for the large-diameter vertical shaft, eliminating the need for formwork and separate vertical shaft formwork, thus improving construction efficiency.

[0026] The large-diameter caisson casing and large-diameter vertical shaft construction method provided by this invention enable the construction of large-diameter vertical shafts at a fast speed with minimal disturbance to the surrounding environment. It can be carried out in sensitive areas such as adjacent to existing buildings, subway tunnels, and municipal pipelines. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the first section of the casing;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation structure of the first section of the casing;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a standard section sleeve;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation structure of a standard section sleeve;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation structure of the first casing section being sunk.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation structure of the first casing excavation.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation structure after the first section of the casing has been lowered and the standard section of the casing has been hoisted.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation structure of the nested connection between the first section of the casing and the standard section of the casing;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation structure after the large-diameter caisson casing has been fully sunk.

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation structure of the base plate that forms the shaft;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation structure of the sidewalls that form the well.

[0038] Figure 12 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the first section of the casing;

[0039] As shown in the figure:

[0040] 100. Large-diameter caisson casing;

[0041] 110. First sleeve section; 111. Outer sleeve; 112. Inner sleeve; 113. Truss reinforcement; 114. Stiffening steel plate; 115. Temporary sealing plate; 116. First nested port; 117. Second nested port; 118. Reserved reinforcement.

[0042] 120. Standard section sleeve;

[0043] 200. Large diameter vertical shaft; 210. Base plate; 220. Side wall;

[0044] 300. Soil. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become clearer from the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 12 Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a large-diameter caisson casing 100, including a first casing section 110 and multiple standard casing sections 120, wherein the standard casing sections 120 are nested and connected to each other and to the first casing section 110. Wherein:

[0048] Please refer to Figures 1 to 2 and Figure 12 The first sleeve 110 has a double-layer structure, including an outer sleeve 111 and an inner sleeve 112 arranged concentrically, and truss reinforcement 113 connecting the outer sleeve 111 and the inner sleeve 112. Multiple stiffening steel plates 114 are evenly arranged between the outer sleeve 111 and the inner sleeve 112, and the stiffening steel plates 114 are distributed among the truss reinforcement 113. The length of the outer sleeve 111 is greater than the length of the inner sleeve 112, and the upper ends of the outer sleeve 111 and the inner sleeve 112 are aligned. The truss reinforcement 113... 13 extends from the upper end to the lower end of the inner sleeve 112, and the stiffening steel plate 114 extends from the upper end to the lower end of the outer sleeve 111. The outer sleeve 111 is a steel pipe, and the inner sleeve 112 is a reinforced concrete circular pipe. A reserved reinforcing bar 118 is exposed at the lower end of the reinforced concrete circular pipe. The reserved reinforcing bar 118 is bent upward along the inner side of the concrete end face of the reinforced concrete circular pipe. A temporary sealing plate 115, which is a circular steel plate, is provided between the lower end of the concrete end face of the reinforced concrete circular pipe and the steel pipe. Figure 1The example illustrates four stiffening steel plates 114. The temporary sealing plate 115 can be glued to the lower end of the concrete end face of the reinforced concrete circular pipe and the side wall of the steel pipe. Of course, other connection methods are also possible.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The standard sleeve has a double-layer structure, including an outer sleeve 111 and an inner sleeve 112 arranged concentrically, and truss reinforcement 113 connecting the outer sleeve 111 and the inner sleeve 112. Multiple stiffening steel plates 114 are evenly arranged between the outer sleeve 111 and the inner sleeve 112, distributed among the truss reinforcement 113. The truss reinforcement 113 extends from the upper end to the lower end of the inner sleeve 112, and the stiffening steel plates 114 extend from the upper end to the lower end of the outer sleeve 111. The outer sleeve 111 is a steel pipe, and the inner sleeve 112 is a reinforced concrete circular pipe. The outer sleeve 111 of the standard sleeve has the same diameter as the outer sleeve 111 of the first sleeve section, and the inner sleeve 112 of the standard sleeve has the same diameter as the inner sleeve 112 of the standard sleeve section.

[0050] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The upper end of the first sleeve 110 is provided with a first nested port 116, and the upper and lower ends of the standard sleeve 120 are respectively provided with a first nested port 116 and a second nested port 117. The first nested port 116 and the second nested port 117 are mutually nested male and female ports. The standard sleeve 120 and the first standard sleeve 120 below it are nested and connected through the first nested port 116 and the second nested port 117. The upper standard sleeve 120 and the lower standard sleeve 120 are nested and connected through the first nested port 116 and the second nested port 117.

[0051] To ensure a reliable connection of the double-layer structure, the large-diameter caisson casing 100 provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention has truss steel bars 113 welded to the steel mesh of a reinforced concrete circular pipe.

[0052] Please refer to Figure 4 The large-diameter caisson casing provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention has a first nested port 116 as a female port and a second nested port 117 as a male port. In this case, the length of the lower end of the reinforced concrete circular pipe is greater than the length of the lower end of the steel pipe.

[0053] To achieve nested connection, the large-diameter caisson casing provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention has a first nested port 116 as a male port and a second nested port 117 as a female port.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] Please refer to Figures 1 to 12 Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a method for constructing a large-diameter vertical shaft, using the large-diameter caisson casing 100 described in Embodiment 1 above, comprising:

[0056] Step 401: Locate and lay out lines on the soil 300, and measure to determine the construction location of the shaft.

[0057] Step 402: Lift the first section of the sleeve 110 and adjust its verticality.

[0058] Step 403: After each excavation and sinking depth of the first casing 110, the soil within the sinking depth range is excavated and transported, always keeping the lower end of the concrete end face of the reinforced concrete circular pipe of the first casing 110 higher than the soil layer; wherein the length of the outer casing 111 of the first casing 110 is greater than the length of the inner casing 112, which is greater than or equal to the single excavation depth h.

[0059] Step 404: After the first sleeve section 110 is lowered to the designated elevation, the standard sleeve section 120 is hoisted and nested on the first sleeve section 110, and waterproof material is pasted at the nesting connection.

[0060] Step 405: Continue construction according to the single sinking depth and excavation depth, and extend the standard sleeve section 120 until the lower end of the concrete end face of the reinforced concrete circular pipe of the first sleeve section 110 reaches the design depth. Figures 9 to 11 This example only shows one standard section of sleeve 120, but is not limited to this.

[0061] Step 406: Dewatering construction is carried out inside the first casing 110. The soil inside the first casing 110 is leveled, a concrete cushion layer is poured, formwork is laid, and bottom slab reinforcement is tied.

[0062] Step 407: Remove the temporary sealing plate 115 on the reinforced concrete circular pipe, straighten the bent reserved steel bar 118 at the lower end of the reinforced concrete circular pipe and anchor it to the bottom plate steel bar, and pour concrete to form the bottom plate 210 of the shaft.

[0063] Step 408: In the double-layer structure of the standard sleeve 120 and the first sleeve 110, the inner cavity between the outer sleeve 111 and the inner sleeve 112 is covered with truss reinforcement 113 and concrete is poured in stages to form the sidewall 220 of the shaft. At this point, a complete large-diameter vertical shaft 200 is formed. The large-diameter vertical shaft 200 refers to a shaft with a diameter greater than 7m.

[0064] The large-diameter caisson casing and large-diameter vertical shaft construction method provided in the above embodiments of the present invention consist of a first-section casing 110 and a standard-section casing 120. Both the first-section casing 110 and the standard-section casing 120 are double-layer structures composed of an outer casing 111 and a standard-section casing 120. By setting truss reinforcement 113 and stiffening steel plates 114 within the double-layer structure, the double-layer large-diameter caisson casing has strong lateral pressure resistance and can withstand the water and soil pressure of large diameters and great depths. This overcomes the limitation of traditional single-layer casing drilling technology, which is limited to diameters below 7m. In other words, the double-layer structure and the truss reinforcement 113 and stiffening steel plates 114 within it improve its structural strength, thereby enabling the construction of large-diameter vertical shafts that can withstand greater water and soil pressure. The standard-section casing 120 allows the large-diameter caisson casing to be extended according to the construction elevation requirements, thus overcoming the limitations of deep excavation.

[0065] The large-diameter caisson casing and large-diameter shaft construction method provided in the above embodiments of the present invention, through the temporary sealing plate 115 set at the lower end of the first section casing 110, can prevent mud and slag from entering the double-layer structure of the first section casing 110 and the standard section casing 120 during the sinking process of the first section casing 110. Then, when concrete is poured into the inner cavity of the double-layer structure to form the side wall of the shaft in the later stage, the engineering quality of the shaft side wall can be improved and the structural strength of the shaft side wall can be improved.

[0066] The large-diameter caisson casing provided in the above embodiments of the present invention, with a double-layered first section casing 110 and a standard section casing 120, has a cavity in the middle, which facilitates hoisting and transportation when used as a component of the casing caisson equipment.

[0067] The large-diameter caisson casing and large-diameter vertical shaft construction method provided by this invention involve attaching waterproof material at the joints between each casing section to ensure waterproofing performance during construction. During the pouring of concrete into the inner cavity, the grout can fill any remaining gaps, further enhancing waterproofing performance. Compared with traditional retaining structures, it exhibits superior structural quality.

[0068] The large-diameter caisson casing and large-diameter shaft construction method provided in the above embodiments of the present invention use the large-diameter caisson casing as a template for the large-diameter shaft, eliminating the need for formwork and separate shaft formwork, thus improving construction efficiency.

[0069] The large-diameter caisson casing and large-diameter shaft construction method provided in the above embodiments of the present invention have a fast construction speed for large-diameter shafts, minimal disturbance to the surrounding environment, and can be constructed in sensitive areas such as adjacent to existing buildings, subway tunnels, and municipal pipelines.

[0070] The large-diameter caisson casing and large-diameter vertical shaft construction method provided in the above embodiments of the present invention aim to break through the limitations of existing processes on casing diameter and size, improve construction speed and industrialization level, effectively control construction risks, and improve structural quality.

[0071] This invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Obviously, the embodiments described above are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this invention are within the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art can make other modifications and variations to this invention. Therefore, if these modifications and variations of this invention fall within the scope of the claims of this invention, then this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A large diameter caisson casing, characterized in that, The first section sleeve and the standard section sleeve are connected by nesting each other, and the standard section sleeve is nested with the first section sleeve; The first section sleeve is a double-layer structure, including an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve arranged concentrically, and a truss steel connecting the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve, a plurality of stiffening steel plates are uniformly arranged between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve, the stiffening steel plates are distributed between the truss steel, the length of the outer sleeve is greater than the length of the inner sleeve, the upper ends of the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve are aligned, the truss steel extends from the upper end to the lower end of the inner sleeve, the stiffening steel plates extend from the upper end to the lower end of the outer sleeve, the outer sleeve is a steel pipe, and the inner sleeve is a reinforced concrete round pipe, a reserved steel is exposed at the lower end of the reinforced concrete round pipe, the reserved steel is bent upward along the inner side of the concrete end face of the reinforced concrete round pipe, and a temporary sealing plate is arranged between the lower end of the concrete end face of the reinforced concrete round pipe and the steel pipe, and the temporary sealing plate is a circular steel plate; The standard section sleeve is a double-layer structure, including an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve arranged concentrically, and a truss steel connecting the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve, a plurality of stiffening steel plates are uniformly arranged between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve, the stiffening steel plates are distributed between the truss steel, the truss steel extends from the upper end to the lower end of the inner sleeve, the stiffening steel plates extend from the upper end to the lower end of the outer sleeve, the outer sleeve is a steel pipe, and the inner sleeve is a reinforced concrete round pipe; The upper end of the first section sleeve is provided with a first nesting port, the upper end and the lower end of the standard section sleeve are respectively provided with a first nesting port and a second nesting port, the first nesting port and the second nesting port are a male port and a female port nested with each other, the standard section sleeve and the first section standard section sleeve below are connected by nesting the first nesting port and the second nesting port, and the standard section sleeve above and the standard section sleeve below are connected by nesting the first nesting port and the second nesting port.

2. A large diameter caisson casing according to claim 1, characterised in that, The truss steel is welded on the steel mesh of the reinforced concrete round pipe.

3. The large diameter caisson casing of claim 1, wherein, The first nesting port is a female port, and the second nesting port is a male port.

4. The large diameter caisson casing of claim 1, wherein, The first nesting port is a male port, and the second nesting port is a female port.

5. A method of constructing a large diameter shaft, characterized by, The large-diameter caisson sleeve of any one of claims 1-4 comprises: Positioning and wire laying, and measuring and determining the construction position of the shaft; Hoisting of the first section sleeve and adjustment of the verticality; After each excavation and sinking depth of the first section sleeve, the soil within the sinking depth range is excavated and transported, and the lower end of the concrete end face of the reinforced concrete round pipe of the first section sleeve is always kept higher than the soil layer; wherein the length of the outer sleeve of the first section sleeve is greater than the length of the inner sleeve, and is greater than or equal to the single excavation depth; After the first section sleeve is sunk to the specified elevation, the standard section sleeve is hoisted, nested on the first section sleeve, and the waterproof material is pasted at the nested connection; Continue to carry out construction according to single sinking depth and excavation depth, and lengthen the standard section casing pipe until the lower end of the concrete end face of the reinforced concrete round pipe of the first section casing pipe reaches the design depth; Carry out dewatering construction in the first section casing pipe, level the earthwork in the first section casing pipe, pour the concrete cushion, lay the formwork, and bind the bottom plate reinforcement; Remove the temporary sealing plate on the reinforced concrete round pipe, straighten the bent reserved reinforcement at the lower end of the reinforced concrete round pipe, and anchor and connect it with the bottom plate reinforcement, and pour the concrete to form the bottom plate of the shaft; Pour the concrete in the inner cavity between the outer casing pipe and the inner casing pipe in the double-layer structure of the standard section casing pipe and the first section casing pipe in batches to cover the truss reinforcement, and form the sidewall of the shaft.

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