An axisymmetric vectoring nozzle with actuation control and shock inducing structure

Abstract

The application discloses an axisymmetric vector nozzle with actuating control and shock wave flow guiding structure, which comprises a nozzle inlet, a convergent section, a transition section, an expansion section and a nozzle outlet connected in sequence from front to back, wherein the convergent section is externally provided with a convergent section adjusting device, the transition section is externally provided with a transition section adjusting device, and the expansion section is externally provided with an expansion section adjusting device; the convergent section adjusting device is used for controlling the change of the inner diameter of the nozzle inlet, the transition section adjusting device is used for controlling the angle between the expansion section and the transition section, and the expansion section adjusting device is used for controlling the change of the inner diameter of the nozzle outlet; a bypass channel is arranged in the inner wall of the expansion section, a flow guiding ring is arranged at the front part of the inner wall surface of the expansion section, and the flow guiding ring is communicated with the bypass channel; and the relative position of the shock wave main flow and the flow guiding ring is adjusted through the convergent section adjusting device, the transition section adjusting device and the expansion section adjusting device, and then the energy loss caused by the shock wave is effectively reduced through the cooperation of the flow guiding ring and the bypass channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vector nozzle design technology, and particularly relates to an axisymmetric vector nozzle employing actuation control and shock wave diversion structure. Background Technology

[0002] Vector propulsion was originally developed to meet the maneuvering requirements (attitude control) of rudderless aircraft (rockets, spacecraft, etc.). It not only provides forward thrust but also thrust during pitch, yaw, or roll. Common vector thrust devices include gas-propellant rudders, oscillating nozzles, and side-aperture nozzles. Gas-propellant rudders, due to their harsh operating conditions and short lifespan, are mostly used in single-use aircraft or experimental models. Vector propulsion devices for aircraft are primarily vector nozzles developed based on oscillating nozzles. Because vector nozzles need to achieve multi-angle, multi-area ratio, and integrated adjustment of nozzle structural dimensions, new requirements are placed on the overall transmission mechanism of the nozzle.

[0003] Currently, as the performance requirements of fighter jets become increasingly demanding, the mainstream velocity of nozzles in mainstream aero-engines is gradually shifting from subsonic to supersonic. Research on supersonic nozzles has received widespread attention. However, due to the significant structural differences between Laval nozzles and traditional convergent nozzles, there is a fundamental difference between supersonic and subsonic operating states. In supersonic operation, shock waves are generated inside the nozzle, and these shock waves interact with the nozzle wall boundary layer. When the shock wave intensity is high, it will have a significant impact on the mainstream velocity, increasing flow losses and reducing thrust. Shock wave losses in the nozzle expansion section increase with the number of shock waves; therefore, reducing the number of shock waves is an effective way to reduce shock wave losses. The development of complex wave systems in the mainstream velocity of supersonic nozzles leads to regional variations in mainstream pressure and velocity in the contraction and expansion sections. Wall reflections of complex wave systems cause adverse pressure gradients and flow separation phenomena in the nozzle mainstream. In the research of supersonic nozzles, reducing the impact of shock waves on the aerodynamics and heat transfer of the nozzle airflow in order to improve the cooling efficiency of the supersonic nozzle and reducing the proportion of secondary flow cooling gas in the total flow rate is a major research direction for supersonic nozzles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an axisymmetric vector nozzle employing an actuation control and shock wave diversion structure.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] An axisymmetric vector nozzle employing actuation control and shock wave diversion structure includes a nozzle inlet, a converging section, a transition section, a diverting section, and a nozzle outlet connected sequentially from front to back. The inner diameter of the converging section gradually decreases from front to back, while the inner diameter of the diverting section gradually increases from front to back. A converging section adjustment device, a transition section adjustment device, and a diverting section adjustment device are provided outside the converging section, the transition section adjustment device, and the diverting section adjustment device, respectively. The converging section adjustment device controls the change in the inner diameter of the nozzle inlet, the transition section adjustment device controls the angle between the diverting section and the transition section, thereby controlling the direction of the nozzle outlet, and the diverting section adjustment device controls the change in the inner diameter of the nozzle outlet. A bypass channel is provided in the inner wall of the diverting section, with its front end opening at the front of the inner wall of the diverting section and its rear end opening at the nozzle outlet. A diversion ring is provided at the front of the inner wall of the diverting section, and the diversion ring is connected to the bypass channel. When the shock wave is incident on the diverting section, the main energy of the shock wave enters the diversion ring, passes through the diversion ring, enters the bypass channel, and is discharged through the rear end of the bypass channel.

[0007] To optimize the above solution, the present invention further adopts the following measures:

[0008] The aforementioned transition section includes transition section sealing plates and transition section adjusting plates that are alternately connected in the circumferential direction. The transition section sealing plates and transition section adjusting plates form a ring structure, and the connection between the transition section sealing plates and transition section adjusting plates is sealed. Both the transition section sealing plates and transition section adjusting plates are axially extensible. The transition section adjusting device includes a transition section control ring, several transition section control rods, and several transition section fixing rods. The transition section control ring is sleeved on the outside of the transition section. The transition section control ring is fixedly connected to the transition section adjusting plates through several transition section fixing rods. The transition section control rods are axially extensible devices, and the extension and retraction of the transition section control rods are controlled by an external control device. One end of the transition section control rod is hinged to the transition section control ring, and the other end is hinged to the expansion section adjusting device. The convergence section adjusting plate and convergence section sealing plate of the convergence section, as well as the expansion section including the expansion section adjusting plate and expansion section sealing plate, are all sealed and hingedly connected to the transition section.

[0009] The aforementioned transition section control rods and transition section fixing rods are all arranged at equal intervals on the transition section control ring.

[0010] The aforementioned convergence section includes convergence section adjusting plates, convergence section sealing plates, and convergence section hinges. The convergence section adjusting plates and convergence section sealing plates are staggered in the circumferential direction and sealed at the joints. Adjacent convergence section adjusting plates and convergence section sealing plates are connected by circumferentially extending convergence section hinges. The convergence section adjusting device includes several actuating cylinders, convergence section control rings, several convergence section control rods, and several convergence section pull rods. The convergence section control rings are sleeved on the outside of the convergence section. Each actuating cylinder corresponds to one convergence section control rod, and each convergence section pull rod... A convergence section adjustment plate is provided. The convergence section control rod is axially positioned. One end of the convergence section control rod passes through the convergence section control ring and is fixedly connected to the actuating cylinder. The other end is fixed to the transition section control ring. The actuating cylinder is a telescopic device. The actuating end of the actuating cylinder is hinged to the convergence section control ring. When the actuating end of the actuating cylinder extends or retracts, it can push the convergence section control ring to move along the convergence section control rod. The extension and retraction of the actuating cylinder is controlled by an external control device. One end of the convergence section pull rod is hinged to the convergence section control ring, and the other end is hinged to the convergence section adjustment plate.

[0011] The aforementioned actuator, convergence section control rod, and convergence section tie rod are all arranged at equal intervals around the transition section control ring.

[0012] The aforementioned expansion section includes expansion section adjusting plates, expansion section sealing plates, and expansion section hinges. The expansion section adjusting plates and expansion section sealing plates are staggered in the circumferential direction and sealed at the joints. Adjacent expansion section adjusting plates and expansion section sealing plates are connected by circumferentially extending expansion section hinges. The expansion section adjusting device includes an expansion section control ring and an expansion section control rod. One end of the transition section control rod is fixed to the transition section control ring, and the other end is hinged to the expansion section control ring. The number of expansion section control rods corresponds one-to-one with the number of expansion section adjusting plates. The expansion section control rod is an axially telescopic device. The extension and retraction of the expansion section control rod is controlled by an external control device. One end of the expansion section control rod is hinged to the expansion section control ring, and the other end is hinged to the expansion section adjusting plate.

[0013] The aforementioned transition section control lever, expansion section control lever, and actuator are all electric cylinders, pneumatic cylinders, or hydraulic cylinders.

[0014] The aforementioned drainage ring consists of several drainage units, with each drainage unit corresponding to a different number of expansion section adjustment plates. The drainage units are fixed on the corresponding expansion section adjustment plates, and the bypass channel is located in the inner wall of the expansion section adjustment plates.

[0015] The inlet of the aforementioned diversion unit faces the incoming gas flow, and an absorber is installed inside the diversion unit. The diversion unit is connected to the bypass channel through the diversion outlet.

[0016] The aforementioned expansion section is equipped with a shock wave monitoring unit, which includes a detection chip and a detection probe. A control baffle is installed at the entrance of the drainage unit. The detection chip is connected to the detection probe, which is installed at the entrance of the drainage unit to detect whether there is a shock wave at the entrance of the drainage unit. The detection chip is signal-connected to the control baffle and is used to receive the detection signal from the detection probe and control the opening and closing of the control baffle.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] This invention, through the design of a vector nozzle control structure, allows for multi-angle adjustment of the deflection angle and nozzle area of ​​the vector nozzle's expansion section to meet different flight conditions. Based on this, a guide ring is arranged at the shock wave incident position in the expansion section. By adjusting the expansion section area and angle, the position of the guide ring relative to the shock wave is adjusted. A detection probe detects whether the guide ring is at the shock wave incident position, and a detection chip controls the opening and closing of a baffle at an appropriate time to absorb the shock wave fluid. The treated fluid is then ejected backward through a bypass channel, reducing the impact of the guide ring's diversion effect on the mainstream thrust. While maintaining the mainstream thrust unchanged, this reduces the shock wave energy and its impact on the mainstream total pressure. Connecting the guide outlet to the bypass channel accelerates the gas outflow velocity within the guide ring, improving the guide ring's ability to absorb fluid carrying the shock wave. The bypass channel can be covered by a liquid-cooled circulation pipe. The liquid-cooled circulation pipe absorbs part of the gas temperature in the bypass channel through heat conduction, so that the fluid ejected from the bypass channel can wrap around the mainstream because its temperature is lower than the mainstream temperature at the nozzle outlet, thereby reducing the infrared radiation intensity at the mainstream outlet. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall vector nozzle.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage ring structure.

[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of time-vector nozzle cross section

[0022] The labels in the diagram are as follows: 1. Actuator; 2. Converging section control ring; 3. Converging section adjusting plate; 4. Converging section sealing plate; 5. Converging section control rod; 6. Converging section tie rod; 7. Converging section hinge; 8. Transition section control ring; 9. Transition section control rod; 10. Transition section fixing rod; 11. Transition section sealing plate; 12. Transition section adjusting plate; 13. Diverging section control ring; 14. Diverging section control rod; 15. Diverging section adjusting plate; 16. Diverging section sealing plate; 17. Diverging section hinge; 18. Drainage ring; 19. Control baffle; 20. Absorber; 21. Drainage outlet; 22. Nozzle inlet; 23. Converging section; 24. Transition section; 25. Diverging section; 26. Nozzle outlet; 27. Bypass channel; 28. Detection probe. Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] It should be noted that the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", and "back" used in the invention are only for clarity of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0025] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the nozzle, from front to back, consists of a nozzle inlet 22, a converging section 23, a transition section 24, a diverging section 25, and a nozzle outlet 26. When the nozzle needs attitude adjustment, the transmitter control system changes the position of the converging section control ring 2 by changing the pressure of the actuator 1. All actuators 1 move in unison, and the converging section control ring 2 moves axially along the converging section control rod 5. That is, the plane of the converging section control ring 2 is perpendicular to the main axis of the converging section. Since the converging section adjusting plate 3 and the converging section sealing plate 4 are circumferentially staggered and connected by the converging section hinge 7,... Therefore, when the convergence section control ring 2 moves axially along the convergence section control rod 5, the convergence section control ring 2 tends to drive the convergence section adjusting plate 3 to move along the main axis and circumferentially through the convergence section tie rod 6. The convergence section adjusting plate 3 and the convergence section sealing plate 4 are both connected to the transition section 24 in a sealed hinged manner. The two ends of the convergence section tie rod 6 are also connected to the convergence section control ring 2 and the convergence section adjusting plate 3 respectively. Therefore, the convergence section tie rod 6 cannot push the convergence section adjusting plate 3 axially, but can only make the convergence section adjusting plate 3 move in the circumferential direction, thereby changing the area of ​​the convergence section.

[0027] The transition section control ring 8 is fixed to the transition section adjusting plate 12 via the transition section fixing rod 10. The transition section control rod 9 on the transition section control ring 8 can be adjusted in length independently. The rear end of the transition section control rod 9 is connected to the expansion section control ring 13. By changing the length of the transition section control rod 9, the transition section adjusting plate 12 and the transition section sealing plate 11 extend axially by a corresponding length, thereby controlling the deflection direction of the expansion section control ring 13. The expansion section control ring 13 drives the expansion section adjusting plate 15 to move circumferentially by changing the length of the expansion section control rod 14, thereby causing the area of ​​the expansion section to change. Its principle is the same as that of the convergence section area change.

[0028] After adjusting the nozzle inlet 22 and nozzle outlet 23 using the above steps, and simultaneously changing the deflection angle of the expansion section 25, the positional requirements of the corresponding attitude are met. Calculations show that, using the above structure, the ratio of the vector nozzle outlet area to the throat area ranges from 1 to 1.5, and the maximum deflection angle of the expansion section in any direction is 30 degrees.

[0029] like Figure 2-3 As shown, after the mainstream airflow contracts in the converging section 23, a shock wave is generated in the transition section 24 and strikes the wall of the expanding section 25. By adjusting the area changes of the converging and expanding sections, the shock wave is made to impact the guiding ring 18.

[0030] The expansion section 25 has a drainage ring 18 on its inner wall near the shock wave incident position. The control baffle 19 is initially closed. When the detection probe 28 outside the baffle detects the shock wave...

[0031] When the control baffle 19 is opened, the main shock wave enters the guide ring 18 and makes full contact with the absorber 20. It then enters the bypass channel 27 through the guide outlet and is discharged through the rear end of the bypass channel. Calculations show that in this vector nozzle, at a high nozzle pressure ratio, the total pressure loss without the guide ring is 20%. However, after the guide ring is opened, the energy loss caused by the shock wave is reduced, the total pressure loss is reduced to less than 7%, the thrust coefficient changes to less than 2%, and the infrared radiation intensity of the wake is reduced by about 20% at large angles of 60 to 90 degrees.

[0032] In summary, by setting up adjustment devices for the convergence section, transition section and expansion section, the present invention achieves the adjustment of the relative position between the main shock wave and the drainage ring 18, and then, through the cooperation of the drainage ring 18 and the bypass channel 27, effectively reduces the energy loss caused by the shock wave.

[0033] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.

[0034] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An axisymmetric vector nozzle employing an actuation control and shock wave diversion structure, comprising a nozzle inlet (22), a converging section (23), a transition section (24), an expanding section (25), and a nozzle outlet (26) connected sequentially from front to back, wherein the inner diameter of the converging section (23) gradually decreases from front to back, and the inner diameter of the expanding section (25) gradually increases from front to back, characterized in that: The converging section (23) is provided with a converging section adjustment device on its exterior, the transition section (24) is provided with a transition section adjustment device on its exterior, and the expanding section (25) is provided with an expanding section adjustment device on its exterior. The converging section adjustment device is used to control the change in the inner diameter of the nozzle inlet (22). The transition section adjustment device is used to control the angle between the expanding section (25) and the transition section (24), thereby controlling the orientation of the nozzle outlet (26). The expanding section adjustment device is used to control the change in the inner diameter of the nozzle outlet (26). 5) A bypass channel (27) is provided in the inner wall. The front end of the bypass channel (27) is open at the front of the inner wall of the expansion section (25), and the rear end of the bypass channel (27) is open at the nozzle outlet (26). A diversion ring (18) is provided at the front of the inner wall of the expansion section (25). The diversion ring (18) is connected to the bypass channel (27). When the shock wave is incident on the expansion section (25), the main energy of the shock wave just enters the diversion ring (18), enters the bypass channel (27) through the diversion ring (18), and is discharged through the rear end of the bypass channel (27).

2. An axisymmetric vector nozzle employing an actuation control and shock wave diversion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transition section (24) includes a transition section sealing plate (11) and a transition section adjusting plate (12) alternately connected in the circumferential direction. The transition section sealing plate (11) and the transition section adjusting plate (12) form an annular structure, and the connection between the transition section sealing plate (11) and the transition section adjusting plate (12) is sealed. The transition section sealing plate (11) and the transition section adjusting plate (12) are both axially extendable. The transition section adjusting device includes a transition section control ring (8), a number of transition section control rods (9), and a number of transition section fixing rods (10). The transition section control ring (8) is sleeved on the outside of the transition section (24). The transition section control ring (8) is fixedly connected to the transition section adjustment plate (12) through several transition section fixing rods (10). The transition section control rod (9) is an axially telescopic device. The extension and retraction of the transition section control rod (9) is controlled by an external control device. One end of the transition section control rod (9) is hinged to the transition section control ring (8), and the other end is hinged to the expansion section adjustment device. The convergence section adjustment plate (3), the convergence section sealing plate (4) of the convergence section (23), and the expansion section (25), including the expansion section adjustment plate (15) and the expansion section sealing plate (16), are all sealed and hinged to the transition section (24).

3. An axisymmetric vector nozzle employing actuation control and shock wave diversion structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transition section control rod (9) and the transition section fixing rod (10) are arranged at equal intervals on the transition section control ring (8).

4. An axisymmetric vector nozzle employing actuation control and shock wave diversion structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The convergence section (23) includes a convergence section adjusting plate (3), a convergence section sealing plate (4), and a convergence section hinge (7). The convergence section adjusting plate (3) and the convergence section sealing plate (4) are staggered in the circumferential direction and sealed at the connection. Adjacent convergence section adjusting plates (3) and convergence section sealing plates (4) are connected by circumferentially extending convergence section hinges (7). The convergence section adjusting device includes several actuating cylinders (1), a convergence section control ring (2), several convergence section control rods (5), and several convergence section pull rods (6). The convergence section control ring (2) is sleeved on the outside of the convergence section (23). Each actuating cylinder (1) corresponds to one convergence section control rod (5), and each convergence section pull rod (6) A convergence section adjustment plate (3) is provided. The convergence section control rod (5) is axially arranged. One end of the convergence section control rod (5) passes through the convergence section control ring (2) and is fixedly connected to the actuating cylinder (1). The other end is fixed on the transition section control ring (8). The actuating cylinder (1) is a telescopic device. The actuating end of the actuating cylinder (1) is hinged to the convergence section control ring (2). When the actuating end of the actuating cylinder (1) extends or retracts, it can push the convergence section control ring (2) to move along the convergence section control rod (5). The extension and retraction of the actuating cylinder (1) is controlled by an external control device. One end of the convergence section pull rod (6) is hinged to the convergence section control ring (2), and the other end is hinged to the convergence section adjustment plate (3).

5. An axisymmetric vector nozzle employing an actuation control and shock wave diversion structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The actuator (1), the convergence section control rod (5), and the convergence section tie rod (6) are all arranged at equal intervals around the transition section control ring (8).

6. An axisymmetric vector nozzle employing an actuation control and shock wave diversion structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The expansion section (25) includes an expansion section adjustment piece (15), an expansion section sealing piece (16), and an expansion section hinge (17). The expansion section adjustment piece (15) and the expansion section sealing piece (16) are staggered in the circumferential direction and sealed at the connection. Adjacent expansion section adjustment pieces (15) and expansion section sealing pieces (16) are connected by circumferentially extended expansion section hinges (17). The expansion section adjustment device includes an expansion section control ring (13) and an expansion section control rod (14). One end of the transition section control rod (9) is fixed on the transition section control ring (8), and the other end is hinged to the expansion section control ring (13). The number of expansion section control rods (14) corresponds one-to-one with the number of expansion section adjustment pieces (15). The expansion section control rod (14) is an axially telescopic device. The extension and retraction of the expansion section control rod (14) is controlled by an external control device. One end of the expansion section control rod (14) is hinged to the expansion section control ring (13), and the other end is hinged to the expansion section adjustment piece (15).

7. An axisymmetric vector nozzle employing an actuation control and shock wave diversion structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transition section control lever (9), expansion section control lever (14) and actuator (1) are all electric cylinders, pneumatic cylinders or hydraulic cylinders.

8. An axisymmetric vector nozzle employing an actuation control and shock wave diversion structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drainage ring (18) is composed of several drainage units, and the number of drainage units corresponds one-to-one with the number of expansion section adjustment plates (15). The drainage units are fixed on the corresponding expansion section adjustment plates (15), and the bypass channel (27) is set in the inner wall of the expansion section adjustment plate (15).

9. An axisymmetric vector nozzle employing an actuation control and shock wave diversion structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inlet of the drainage unit faces the gas flow, and the drainage unit is equipped with a wave absorber (20). The drainage unit is connected to the bypass channel (27) through the drainage outlet (21).

10. An axisymmetric vector nozzle employing an actuation control and shock wave diversion structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The expansion section (25) is equipped with a shock wave monitoring unit, which includes a detection chip and a detection probe. A control baffle (19) is provided at the entrance of the drainage unit. The detection chip is connected to the detection probe (28). The detection probe (28) is installed at the entrance of the drainage unit to detect whether there is a shock wave at the entrance of the drainage unit. The detection chip is connected to the control baffle (19) by signal. The detection chip is used to receive the detection signal from the detection probe (28) and control the opening and closing of the control baffle (19).

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