A kind of undercutting shaped charge and its blasting method

Abstract

This invention discloses a shaped charge for slotting and its blasting method, relating to the field of rock tunnel blasting technology. It facilitates the avoidance of "waste" of explosive energy within the blast holes in the slotting area, thereby improving slotting efficiency and blasting construction quality, and enhancing the rock-breaking effect of slotting blasting. The shaped charge includes: a charge body, which is a tubular structure with a hollow portion, the axial hollow surrounding portion of the tubular structure forming an internal chamber, and multiple axial grooves on the sidewall of the tubular structure; explosive, filling the internal chamber of the charge body; and a shaped charge component, having an outer surface adapted to the inner contour of the grooves, correspondingly engaging with the grooves, with the inner end of the shaped charge component pressing against the outer surface of the explosive. This invention is applicable to rock tunnel blasting scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock tunnel blasting technology, and in particular to a shaped charge for slotting and its blasting method. Background Technology

[0002] To improve the excavation level of rock tunnels, medium-deep hole blasting technology is increasingly being used in rock tunnel excavation. Cut-out blasting is the most important technique in rock tunnel excavation. Currently, the explosives used for cut-out blasting generally include water-gel explosives, emulsion explosives, and on-site mixed explosives, with the finished explosives typically resembling sausages. Industrial explosives, now widely used in engineering projects, release energy symmetrically within the rock mass during blasting due to their symmetrical structure, resulting in symmetrical damage to the rock mass. This leads to a "waste" of explosive energy within the blast holes in the cut-out area.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to invent a new type of shaped charge for slotting, which can make the best use of the explosive energy in the blast holes in the slotting area, reduce the impact on non-blasting areas, protect the surrounding rock, and achieve efficient blasting and excavation of coal mine rock roadways (tunnels). Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a slotting shaped charge and its blasting method, which helps to avoid the "waste" of explosive energy in the blast hole in the slotting area, thereby improving slotting efficiency and blasting construction quality, and improving the rock breaking effect of slotting blasting.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a slotted shaped charge, the slotted shaped charge comprising: a charge body, which is a tubular structure with a hollow portion, the axially hollow surrounding portion of the tubular structure forming an internal cavity, and multiple slots provided axially on the sidewall of the tubular structure; explosive, which fills the internal cavity of the charge body; and a shaped charge component, which has an outer surface adapted to the inner contour of the slots, correspondingly engaging in the slots, and the inner end of the shaped charge component pressing against the outer surface of the explosive.

[0006] Optionally, the shaped charge structure is a shaped charge device, and the shaped charge device has buckles on both sides. The shaped charge device is wedge-shaped, and the buckles are unidirectional inverted triangles. The inner end of the shaped charge device is pressed into the internal cavity of the explosive charge body through the groove, and the inner end of the shaped charge device abuts against the outer surface of the explosive charge in the internal cavity until it is fixed by the buckles.

[0007] Optionally, the outer wall of the medicine pack body and the inner chamber side wall have a hollow interlayer, and a medium injection port is provided on the outer surface of the medicine pack body. The medium injection port is provided with a removable plug. The medium injection port is also provided on the hollow interlayer. The hollow interlayer is filled with a flexible buffer or auxiliary rock-breaking medium. The flexible buffer or auxiliary rock-breaking medium is injected into the hollow interlayer through the medium injection port.

[0008] Optionally, the flexible buffer medium is a water or sand body confined within the hollow interlayer and defined in an arc shape. The flexible buffer medium is used to reduce the impact on the non-blasting zone and protect the surrounding rock during the explosion of the explosive. The auxiliary rock-breaking medium is a wavy, sawtooth-shaped liquid confined within the hollow interlayer. The auxiliary rock-breaking medium is used to make the wavy, sawtooth-shaped liquid act on the rock mass at the moment of the explosion of the explosive, and generate a strong stress concentration effect at the tip of the wavy, sawtooth shape, thereby promoting the crushing of the rock.

[0009] Optionally, the hollow interlayer has an arc-shaped or wavy serrated structure, and the hollow interlayer is located between two adjacent grooves on the outside of the medicine package body.

[0010] Optionally, the outer surface sidewall material of the explosive charge body is a flexible material, and the inner cavity sidewall material of the explosive charge body is a high reflectivity material; the high reflectivity material reflects most of the stress waves generated at the moment of explosion, allowing only a small amount of stress waves to pass through; the flexible material plays a buffering role during explosion.

[0011] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for blasting a slotted shaped charge, the blasting method comprising the steps of:

[0012] Install a focused medicine pack:

[0013] Step 1: Arrange blast holes in the cut area and determine the shaped charge direction and number of shaped charge charges for each blast hole in the cut area;

[0014] Step 2: Fill the internal cavity of the shaped charge body with explosives; after filling with explosives, inject water into the medium injection port located on the outer surface of the charge body and plug it with a special plug to ensure that the water inside the hollow interlayer between the outer wall of the charge body and the side wall of the internal cavity does not overflow.

[0015] Step 3: Align the shaped charge device with the groove on the outer side of the explosive charge body; press the shaped charge device into the groove on the outer side of the explosive charge body in the installation direction until the inner end of the shaped charge device presses against the outer surface of the explosive filling in the inner cavity. When the shaped charge device enters the corresponding position, the latches on both sides of the shaped charge device will lock the position of the shaped charge device and form a shaped charge cavity.

[0016] Step 4: Insert the shaped charge into the borehole and align the opening of the shaped charge cavity with the target shaped charge direction;

[0017] Explosion: The shaped charge device is pressed down into the groove on the outer side of the explosive charge body. When the inner end of the shaped charge device presses against the outer surface of the explosive filling in the internal cavity, the latches on both sides of the shaped charge device lock the position of the shaped charge device, forming a shaped charge cavity. After the explosive detonates, the force of the explosive will act on the shaped charge device, and the energy generated by the explosion will compress the shaped charge device to form a jet, guiding the explosive energy to be released outward from the groove where the latches are located. The released energy acts on the rock mass to break the rock.

[0018] Optionally, before step two of installing the energy-concentrating medicine pack, the method further includes: if a wooden plug is installed at the groove, removing the wooden plug.

[0019] Optionally, the blasting further includes: after the shock wave energy generated by the explosion is released outward through the energy-concentrating device, the energy of the explosive gas generated by the explosive acts on the side wall of the hollow interlayer of the explosive charge body and propagates along the channel through which the shock wave is released. The high temperature generated by the explosion causes the water in the hollow interlayer to vaporize instantly, increasing the pressure of the explosive gas and causing it to move outward and act on the rock mass.

[0020] Optionally, before installing the shaped charge, the method further includes: selecting the type of shaped charge according to the arrangement of the blast holes in the slotted area; the types of shaped charge include: two-hole shaped charge with 0° and 90°, three-hole shaped charge with 0°, 90° and 180°, and four-hole shaped charge with 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°, etc., wherein the angle of the shaped charge of each type of shaped charge is obtained by rotating it to the corresponding angle along a predetermined direction with the positive Y-axis as the reference point.

[0021] This invention provides a slotting shaped charge and its blasting method. After installing corresponding shaped charges in blast holes at different locations, the energy of the explosive gas generated during blasting acts on the sidewall of the hollow interlayer of the charge body and propagates along the shock wave release channel. The high temperature generated by the explosion causes the water medium in the hollow interlayer to vaporize instantly, increasing the pressure of the explosive gas and causing it to move outward and act on the rock mass. Another part of the energy is released in the form of a shaped jet through a shaped charge device with a buckle, acting on the rock mass. This slotting shaped charge can make the most perfect use of the explosive energy in the blast hole in the slotted area and reduce the impact on the non-blasting area, thereby protecting the surrounding rock and realizing efficient blasting and excavation of coal mine rock roadways (tunnels). Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the two energy-concentrating acupoint medicine pack in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a vertical side view of the energy-concentrating drug pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process for the blasting of a slotted shaped charge explosive according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a detailed diagram of the energy-concentrating drug pack installation process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This invention provides four-energy-concentrating acupoint medicine packs for different engineering scenarios.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of blast holes in the slotted area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] In the diagram: 1-Main body of the explosive charge; 2-Explosive; 3-Hollow interlayer; 4-Flexible material; 5-High reflectivity material; 6-Groove; 7-Media injection port; 8-Wooden plug; 9-Snap fastener. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Industrial explosives, which are now widely used in engineering projects, release energy symmetrically within the rock mass during blasting due to their symmetrical structure. This results in symmetrical damage to the rock mass, leading to a "waste" of explosive energy within the blast holes in the cut-out area.

[0033] Therefore, this invention provides a novel shaped charge for slotting, which can avoid the "waste" of explosive energy in the borehole of the slotted area during blasting, reduce the impact on the non-blasting area and protect the surrounding rock.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the two energy-concentrating acupoint medicine pack according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the slotted energy-concentrating medicine pack includes: a medicine pack body 1, which is a tubular structure with a hollow part, the axial hollow surrounding part of the tubular structure forms an internal cavity, and multiple slots 6 are provided on the side wall of the tubular structure along the axial direction;

[0036] Explosive 2 is filled into the internal cavity of the explosive charge body 1;

[0037] The shaped charge structure has an outer surface that matches the inner contour of the groove 6, and is correspondingly engaged in the groove 6, with the inner end of the shaped charge structure pressing against the outer surface of the explosive 2.

[0038] In some embodiments, the energy-concentrating structure is an energy-concentrating device, and the energy-concentrating device has buckles 9 on both sides. The energy-concentrating device is wedge-shaped, and the buckles 9 are unidirectional inverted triangles. The inner end of the energy-concentrating device is pressed into the internal cavity of the explosive charge body through the groove 6, and the inner end of the energy-concentrating device abuts against the outer surface of the explosive filled in the internal cavity until it is fixed by the buckles.

[0039] Specifically, the outer wall of the explosive charge body has multiple axial grooves. When the shaped charge is not in use, these grooves can be fitted with wooden plugs. These wooden plugs can be freely removed and installed, and must fit tightly against the grooves on the outer wall of the explosive charge body to prevent external substances from entering the internal cavity of the explosive charge body when not in use. When the shaped charge is in use, the wooden plugs are removed, and the inner end of the shaped charge device is pressed into the internal cavity of the explosive charge body through the grooves. The inner end of the shaped charge device must press against the outer surface of the explosive filling in the internal cavity until it is secured by the clips on both sides of the shaped charge device. The explosive filling the internal cavity of the explosive charge body must have a circular cross-sectional shape, be compressible under external force but not crushed, and the explosive itself must be a common industrial explosive, such as an emulsion explosive or a water-gel explosive.

[0040] In some embodiments, a hollow interlayer 3 is provided between the outer wall of the medicine pack body and the side wall of the internal cavity. A medium injection port 7 is provided on the outer surface of the medicine pack body, and a removable plug is provided in the medium injection port 7. The medium injection port 7 is also provided on the hollow interlayer 3. The hollow interlayer 3 is filled with a flexible buffer or auxiliary rock-breaking medium, and the flexible buffer or auxiliary rock-breaking medium is injected into the hollow interlayer 3 through the medium injection port.

[0041] The flexible buffer medium is a water or sand body confined in an arc shape within the hollow interlayer. The flexible buffer medium is used to reduce the impact on the non-blasting zone and protect the surrounding rock during the explosion of the explosive. The auxiliary rock-breaking medium is a wave-shaped liquid confined in a serrated shape within the hollow interlayer. The auxiliary rock-breaking medium is used to make the wave-shaped liquid act on the rock mass at the moment of the explosion of the explosive, and to generate a strong stress concentration effect at the tip of the wave-shaped serration, thereby promoting the rock under pressure and breaking. In some embodiments, the hollow interlayer 3 has a circular arc or wavy serrated shape, and the hollow interlayer is located between two adjacent grooves on the outside of the explosive charge body. Since the hollow interlayer is either circular arc or wavy serrated, for different engineering purposes, when the medium enters the hollow interlayer, it is distributed according to the shape of the hollow interlayer. When the medium is filled, it exists in two forms depending on the shape of the hollow interlayer: circular arc and wavy serrated. The circular arc-shaped medium can make the rock bear force evenly, reducing the impact on the non-blasting zone and protecting the surrounding rock during the explosive detonation. The wavy serrated-shaped medium acts on the rock mass at the moment of explosive detonation, generating a strong stress concentration effect at the wavy serrated tip, promoting rock compression and facilitating rock breaking.

[0042] In some embodiments, the outer surface sidewall material of the explosive charge body is a flexible material 4, and the inner cavity sidewall material of the explosive charge is a high-reflectivity material 5 (limited to the area of ​​the arc-shaped hollow interlayer), such as polyamide, polycarbonate, and other high-reflectivity materials. The high-reflectivity material 5 reflects most of the stress waves generated at the moment of blasting, allowing only a small amount of stress waves to pass through. Generally, high-reflectivity materials can reflect 90% or more of the stress waves, allowing only a small amount, such as 10% or less, to pass through, preventing too much stress wave from doing work on the non-blasting rock mass through transmission, thereby protecting the surrounding rock. The flexible material 4 acts as a buffer during blasting. Both the flexible material 4 and the high-reflectivity material 5 are made of lightweight, high-strength, tough, and non-toxic engineering plastics.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] This invention also provides a method for detonating a slotted shaped charge, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the blasting method includes the following steps:

[0045] Install a focused medicine pack:

[0046] Step 1 S310: Arrange blast holes in the cut area and determine the shaped charge direction and number of shaped charge charges for each blast hole in the cut area.

[0047] In some embodiments, before step two S320 of installing the energy-concentrating medicine pack, the method further includes: if a wooden plug 8 is installed at the groove, removing the wooden plug;

[0048] Step 2 S320: Fill the internal cavity of the shaped charge body with explosive 2; after filling with explosive, inject water into the medium injection port located on the outer surface of the charge body and plug it with a special plug to ensure that the water inside the hollow interlayer 3 between the outer wall of the charge body and the side wall of the internal cavity will not overflow.

[0049] Step 3 S330: Align the shaped charge device with the groove on the outer side of the explosive charge body; press the shaped charge device into the groove on the outer side of the explosive charge body in the installation direction until the inner end of the shaped charge device presses against the outer surface of the explosive filling in the inner cavity. When the shaped charge device enters the corresponding position, the latches 9 on both sides of the shaped charge device will lock instantly, locking the position of the shaped charge device and forming a shaped charge cavity.

[0050] Step 4 S340: Insert the shaped charge into the borehole and align the opening of the shaped charge cavity with the target shaped charge direction;

[0051] S350 blasting: The shaped charge device is pressed down into the groove on the outer side of the explosive charge body. When the inner end of the shaped charge device presses against the outer surface of the explosive filled in the internal cavity, the latches on both sides of the shaped charge device lock the position of the shaped charge device, forming a shaped charge cavity. After the explosive detonates, the force of the explosive will act on the shaped charge device, and the energy generated by the explosion will compress the shaped charge device to form a jet, guiding the explosive energy to be released outward from the groove where the latches are located. The released energy acts on the rock mass to break the rock.

[0052] Figure 4 Yes Figure 3 Image illustrations of the installation method for condensing medicine packs, and Figure 3 Combining the two will make it easier to understand the medicine pack installation steps.

[0053] Specifically, firstly, boreholes are arranged in the slotted area. Based on the arrangement of the boreholes, the shaped charge direction of each borehole and the number and type of shaped charge charges are determined. Since the corks for the shaped charge charges are placed in the slots of the charges when not in use... Figure 4 As shown in (a), remove the wooden plug and fill the internal cavity of the shaped charge with explosives; after filling with explosives, inject water into the medium injection port located on the outer surface of the charge body and the hollow interlayer, and plug it with a special plug to ensure that the water inside the hollow interlayer does not overflow, as shown in (a). Figure 4 (b)-(d); Align the shaped charge device with the groove on the outside of the explosive charge body, and press the shaped charge device into the groove according to the predetermined installation direction until the inner end of the shaped charge device can press against the outer surface of the explosive filling in the internal cavity. At this point, the latches on both sides of the shaped charge device will lock in place, forming a shaped charge cavity. Figure 4 (e)-(f).

[0054] Furthermore, the blasting also includes: after the shock wave energy generated by the explosion is released outward through the energy-concentrating device, the explosive gas energy generated by the explosive acts on the side wall of the hollow interlayer of the explosive charge body and propagates along the channel of the shock wave release; the high temperature generated by the explosion causes the water in the hollow interlayer to vaporize instantly, increasing the explosive gas pressure and moving outward to act on the rock mass.

[0055] In some embodiments, the blasting further includes: after the explosive in the internal cavity of the explosive charge body detonates, the blast shock wave acts on the side wall of the internal cavity;

[0056] The high-reflectivity layer on the sidewall of the internal cavity of the explosive charge body is used to reflect most of the explosive stress wave back to the center of the internal cavity, so as to avoid most of the explosive stress wave being transmitted to the outside through the sidewall in the non-focusing direction.

[0057] When a small amount of explosive stress wave transmitted from the sidewall in the non-focusing direction passes through the hollow interlayer, the flexible buffer medium in the hollow interlayer buffers the small amount of explosive stress wave to avoid impact damage to the surrounding rock in the non-focusing direction.

[0058] In some other embodiments, the high reflectivity layer of the sidewall of the internal cavity of the explosive charge body is used to reflect most of the explosive stress wave back to the center of the internal cavity, so as to avoid most of the explosive stress wave being transmitted to the outside through the sidewall in the non-focusing direction. The blasting also includes: the accumulation of the explosive stress wave reflected back to the center of the internal cavity.

[0059] The concentrated explosive stress wave and the detonation wave work together to compress the energy focusing device to form an energy focusing jet, which is then ejected from the energy focusing cavity formed by the energy focusing device toward the energy focusing target.

[0060] By utilizing the energy flow ejected outward along the energy-concentrating cavity, rock mass opposite to the direction of the energy-concentrating target is cut, thus achieving directional rock breaking.

[0061] In some embodiments, the circumferential surface of the hollow interlayer includes an arc-shaped segment or a wavy sawtooth segment;

[0062] Before installing the shaped charge, the method further includes: determining the rock hardness coefficient of the rock mass to be blasted by conducting on-site exploration or reviewing geological data of the rock mass to be blasted;

[0063] Select the appropriate hollow interlayer circumferential surface profile type of the shaped charge pack based on the rock hardness coefficient;

[0064] In cases of high-strength rock blasting, where the rock hardness coefficient exceeds a predetermined value, a charge with wavy, sawtooth-shaped sections on all four sides of its circumference should be selected. Figure 5 As shown in (a), all four directions are key areas for blasting.

[0065] Figure 5 (e) The explosive charge shown in the image has arc-shaped sections in all four directions, which can make the rock bear the force evenly and is suitable for rocks with low blasting strength. Figure 5 The remaining explosive charges shown contain both arc-shaped segments and wavy, sawtooth segments. The wavy, sawtooth segments correspond to the key blasting direction, which is the direction where high-strength rock is located, while the arc-shaped segments correspond to the non-key blasting direction, which is the direction where low-strength rock is located.

[0066] After selecting the appropriate shaped charge, install it according to the corresponding blast hole and detonate it.

[0067] Before installing the shaped charge, the method further includes: selecting the type of shaped charge according to the blast holes arranged in the slotted area; the types of shaped charge include: two-hole shaped charge with 0° and 90°, three-hole shaped charge with 0°, 90° and 180°, and four-hole shaped charge with 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°, etc., wherein the angle of the shaped charge hole of each type of shaped charge is obtained by rotating along a predetermined direction to the corresponding angle with the positive Y-axis as the reference point.

[0068] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the borehole arrangement in the slotted area according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 In the diagram of the cut-out area, different types of shaped charge charges are selected for the blast holes at different locations, for example... Figure 6 The blast holes 61, 62, 65, and 66, located at the four vertices of the cut area, are selected as... Figure 1 The diagram shows two centered charge charges at 0° and 90°. In borehole 61, the two centered charge charges at vertical angles correspond to boreholes 62 and 63, respectively; in borehole 62, the two centered charge charges correspond to boreholes 61 and 64, respectively; in borehole 65, the two centered charge charges correspond to boreholes 63 and 66, respectively; and in borehole 66, the two centered charge charges correspond to boreholes 64 and 65, respectively. Boreholes 63 and 64, located outside the cut area at non-apex locations, are selected... Figure 4 The diagram shows three focused charge packs at 0°, 90°, and 180°. The three focused charge packs in borehole 63 correspond to boreholes 61, 64, and 65, respectively, while the three focused charge packs in borehole 64 correspond to boreholes 62, 63, and 66. Boreholes 67 and 68, located inside the cut area, are selected... Figure 5 The diagram shows the blasting of four shaped charge charges at 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. The four shaped charge charges in borehole 67 correspond to boreholes 61, 62, 63, and 64, respectively, while the four shaped charge charges in borehole 68 correspond to boreholes 63, 64, 65, and 66, respectively.

[0069] Meanwhile, during the installation of the shaped charge, the side of the arc-shaped section is oriented towards the direction of the non-key blasting rock (rock outside the cut area), and the side of the serrated section is oriented towards the direction of the key blasting rock (rock inside the cut area). The opening direction of the shaped charge's shaped charge cavity is aligned with the target shaped charge direction. During blasting, the medium inside the arc-shaped section causes the force generated by the explosion to be evenly distributed on the rock mass, making the rock subjected to uniform stress. The medium inside the wavy serrated section causes the explosion stress to be concentrated, thereby assisting in rock breaking.

[0070] During blasting, after the explosive in the internal cavity of the explosive charge is detonated, the explosive stress wave acts on the side wall of the internal cavity. The high reflectivity layer on the side wall of the internal cavity reflects most of the explosive stress wave back to the center of the internal cavity, where the reflected explosive stress wave is concentrated. The concentrated explosive stress wave and the detonation wave work together to compress the shaped charge device to form a shaped charge jet, which is ejected from the shaped charge cavity in the direction of the shaped charge target. The energy flow ejected outward along the shaped charge cavity cuts the rock mass opposite to the direction of the shaped charge target, thus breaking the rock. A small amount of explosive stress wave transmitted from the side wall in the non-shaped charge direction passes through the hollow interlayer. The flexible buffer medium in the hollow interlayer buffers a small amount of explosive stress wave. The remaining small amount of explosive stress wave undergoes a buffering effect again when passing through the flexible material on the outer surface side wall of the explosive charge body, so as to avoid impact damage to the surrounding rock in the non-shaped charge direction and protect the surrounding rock.

[0071] Specifically, when the medium in the hollow interlayer is water, due to the incompressibility of water, at the moment of blasting, the water instantly vaporizes into high-pressure gas under the action of high temperature and impacts the rock. The arc-shaped medium water can make the rock bear the force evenly and form a uniform blasting profile surface, which is suitable for low-intensity rock blasting. The wavy and sawtooth medium water can concentrate the explosion stress and play an auxiliary role in breaking rocks, which is suitable for high-intensity rock blasting.

[0072] Furthermore, during blasting, the shaped charge device concentrates more of the explosive energy in the shaped charge direction, ensuring the integrity of the rock mass in the non-shaped charge direction. This allows the energy of the explosive in the blast hole in the cut area to be utilized as perfectly as possible, avoiding "waste." At the same time, the flexible buffer medium and both materials reduce the impact of the explosion stress wave on the non-blasting area, protecting the stability of the surrounding rock, thereby improving the construction quality of cut blasting and enhancing the rock breaking effect of cut blasting.

[0073] In summary, the shaped charge and blasting method provided by this invention, after installing corresponding shaped charges in blast holes at different locations, allows the energy of the explosive gas generated during blasting to act on the sidewall of the hollow interlayer of the charge body and propagate along the shock wave release channel. The high temperature generated by the explosion causes the water medium in the hollow interlayer to vaporize instantly, increasing the pressure of the explosive gas and causing it to move outward and act on the rock mass. Another part of the energy is released in the form of a shaped jet through a shaped charge device with a buckle, acting on the rock mass. This allows for the optimal utilization of the explosive energy in the blast holes in the slotted area and reduces the impact on non-blasted areas, thereby improving the quality of slotted blasting construction, enhancing the rock-breaking effect of slotted blasting, and achieving efficient blasting excavation of coal mine rock roadways (tunnels).

[0074] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0075] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0076] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A slotted energy-concentrating medicine pack, characterized in that, The slotted energy-concentrating medicine pack includes: a medicine pack body, which is a tubular structure with a hollow part, the axial hollow surrounding part of the tubular structure forms an internal cavity, and multiple slots are provided on the side wall of the tubular structure along the axial direction; Explosives are filled into the internal cavity of the explosive charge body; The shaped charge structure has an outer surface that matches the inner contour of the groove, is detachably engaged in the groove, and the inner end of the shaped charge structure presses against the outer surface of the explosive. The outer wall of the drug pack body and the inner wall of the internal cavity have a hollow interlayer. The hollow interlayer surrounds the internal cavity and is located between two adjacent grooves. The hollow interlayer is filled with a flexible buffer medium or an auxiliary rock-breaking medium. A medium injection port is provided on the outer surface of the drug pack body. The medium injection port is provided with an insertable plug. The medium injection port is located on the hollow interlayer. The flexible buffer medium or the auxiliary rock-breaking medium is injected into the hollow interlayer through the medium injection port. The outer surface sidewall material of the explosive charge body is a flexible material, and the inner cavity sidewall material of the explosive charge body is a high reflectivity material; the high reflectivity material reflects most of the stress waves generated at the moment of explosion, allowing only a small amount of stress waves to pass through; the flexible material plays a buffering role during explosion.

2. The slotted energy-concentrating medicine pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The energy-concentrating structural component is an energy-concentrating device, and the energy-concentrating device has buckles on both sides. The energy-concentrating device is wedge-shaped, and the buckles are unidirectional inverted triangles. The inner end of the energy-concentrating device is pressed into the internal cavity of the explosive charge body through the groove, and the inner end of the energy-concentrating device abuts against the outer surface of the explosive charge in the internal cavity until it is fixed by the buckles.

3. The slotted energy-concentrating medicine pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible buffer medium is a water or sand body confined within the hollow interlayer and defined in an arc shape. The flexible buffer medium is used to reduce the impact on the non-blasting zone and protect the surrounding rock during the explosion of the explosive. The auxiliary rock-breaking medium is a wavy, sawtooth-shaped liquid confined within the hollow interlayer. The auxiliary rock-breaking medium is used to make the wavy, sawtooth-shaped liquid act on the rock mass at the moment of the explosion of the explosive, and to generate a strong stress concentration effect at the tip of the wavy, sawtooth shape, thereby promoting the rock to break under pressure.

4. The slotted energy-concentrating medicine pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hollow interlayer has an arc-shaped or wavy sawtooth shape, and the hollow interlayer is located between two adjacent grooves on the outside of the medicine package body.

5. A method for detonating a slotted shaped charge, characterized in that, The blasting method includes the following steps: Install a focused medicine pack: Step 1: Arrange blast holes in the cut area and determine the shaped charge direction and number of shaped charge charges for each blast hole in the cut area; Step 2: Fill the internal cavity of the shaped charge body with explosives; after filling with explosives, inject water into the medium injection port located on the outer surface of the charge body and plug it with a special plug to ensure that the water inside the hollow interlayer between the outer wall of the charge body and the side wall of the internal cavity does not overflow. Step 3: Align the shaped charge device with the groove on the outer side of the explosive charge body; press the shaped charge device into the groove on the outer side of the explosive charge body in the installation direction until the inner end of the shaped charge device presses against the outer surface of the explosive filling in the inner cavity. When the shaped charge device enters the corresponding position, the latches on both sides of the shaped charge device will lock the position of the shaped charge device and form a shaped charge cavity. Step 4: Insert the shaped charge into the borehole and align the opening of the shaped charge cavity with the target shaped charge direction; Explosion: The shaped charge device is pressed down into the groove on the outer side of the explosive charge body. When the inner end of the shaped charge device presses against the outer surface of the explosive filling in the internal cavity, the latches on both sides of the shaped charge device lock the position of the shaped charge device and form a shaped charge cavity. After the explosive detonates, the force of the explosive will act on the shaped charge device. The energy generated by the explosion will compress the shaped charge device to form a jet, which guides the explosive energy to be released outward from the groove where the latches are located. The released energy acts on the rock mass to break the rock. During blasting, after the explosive in the internal cavity of the explosive charge is detonated, the explosive stress wave acts on the side wall of the internal cavity. The high reflectivity layer on the side wall of the internal cavity reflects most of the explosive stress wave back to the center of the internal cavity, where the reflected explosive stress wave is concentrated. The concentrated explosive stress wave and the detonation wave work together to compress the shaped charge device to form a shaped charge jet, which is ejected from the shaped charge cavity towards the shaped charge target. The energy flow ejected outward along the shaped charge cavity cuts the rock mass opposite to the shaped charge target, thus breaking the rock. A small amount of explosive stress wave transmitted from the side wall in the non-shaped charge direction passes through the hollow interlayer. The flexible buffer medium in the hollow interlayer buffers part of the explosive stress wave, and the remaining explosive stress wave undergoes a buffering effect again when passing through the flexible material on the outer surface side wall of the explosive charge body, so as to avoid impact damage to the surrounding rock in the non-shaped charge direction and protect the surrounding rock.

6. The method for blasting a shaped charge with a slotted surface as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Before step two of installing the energy-concentrating medicine pack, the method further includes: if there is a wooden plug at the groove, remove the wooden plug.

7. The method for blasting a shaped charge with a slotted surface as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The blasting also includes: after the shock wave energy generated by the explosion is released outward through the energy-concentrating device, the explosive gas energy generated by the explosive acts on the side wall of the hollow interlayer of the explosive charge body and propagates along the channel of the shock wave release. The high temperature generated by the explosion causes the water in the hollow interlayer to vaporize instantly, increasing the pressure of the explosive gas and moving outward to act on the rock mass.

8. The method for blasting a shaped charge with a slotted surface as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Before installing the shaped charge, the method further includes: selecting the type of shaped charge according to the arrangement of blast holes in the slotted area; the types of shaped charge include: two shaped charge charges with 0° and 90°, three shaped charge charges with 0°, 90° and 180°, and four shaped charge charges with 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°, wherein the angle of the shaped charge of each type of shaped charge is obtained by rotating along a predetermined direction to the corresponding angle with the positive Y-axis as the reference point.

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