A polarized direction adjustable electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system

Abstract

The application discloses a polarized direction adjustable electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system, which comprises a movable rotating support, a directional radiation line grid antenna and a high-voltage differential pulse source. The directional radiation line grid antenna comprises an upper line grid, a lower line grid, an upper edge roll, a lower edge roll, a loading loop and a load resistor. The input ends of the upper line grid and the lower line grid are respectively connected to the upper differential output electrode and the lower differential output electrode of the high-voltage differential pulse source, the output end of the upper line grid is connected to the upper edge roll, the output end of the lower line grid is connected to the lower edge roll, one end of the loading loop is connected to the upper edge roll through an upper adapter plate, and the other end of the loading loop is connected to the lower edge roll through a lower adapter plate. The load resistor is arranged on the loading loop. The directional radiation line grid antenna is arranged on the movable rotating support, and the directional radiation line grid antenna can rotate with the rotating shaft as the center. The system has high radiation efficiency, the polarized direction is adjustable, and a polarized direction adjustable electromagnetic pulse radiation environment can be generated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electromagnetic pulse radiation technology, and specifically to an electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system with adjustable polarization direction. Background Technology

[0002] High-altitude electromagnetic pulses (HEMPs) are characterized by wide coverage, short duration, high peak field strength, and broad spectral range. With the increasing informatization and automation of various power equipment and the widespread application of electronic integration technology, electromagnetic pulses pose a significant threat to critical national infrastructure such as power systems and oil and gas pipelines. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct electromagnetic pulse radiation effect tests on these electrical and electronic devices.

[0003] Existing electromagnetic pulse radiation field simulation equipment is mostly large-scale electromagnetic pulse simulators, such as boundary wave simulators and radiation wave simulators. These simulators occupy a large area and emit strong electromagnetic radiation, generally requiring construction in remote areas far from cities and densely populated regions. For power electronic equipment under development, it is difficult to conduct frequent electromagnetic pulse tests using large simulators; for fixed facilities or large devices, it is difficult to move them to the simulation test site for testing. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a portable, lightweight electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system that can be moved to the site of electrical and electronic equipment to conduct irradiation effect tests.

[0004] The main problems with existing electromagnetic pulse directional radiation systems are: low antenna radiation efficiency, resulting in narrow pulse widths of simulated electromagnetic fields that do not meet the requirements of relevant standards such as GJB 8848 for electromagnetic pulse waveforms; excessively high electric field amplitudes in non-primary polarization directions, with most radiated electric fields having only vertical polarization, making it difficult to generate electric fields with multiple polarization directions, thus limiting the ability to test the radiation effects of electrical and electronic equipment under electric fields with different polarization directions; and the use of a flat antenna structure, which is heavy and inconvenient to move and raise. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system with adjustable polarization direction. This system has the advantages of high radiation efficiency, adjustable polarization direction, and lightweight structure. It can also generate an electromagnetic pulse radiation environment with adjustable polarization direction, thus solving the problems of low radiation efficiency, narrow electric field pulse width, single polarization direction, and inconvenience of movement of traditional electromagnetic pulse directional radiation systems.

[0006] The specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A polarization-adjustable electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system includes: a movable rotating support, a directional radiation wire grid antenna, and a high-voltage differential pulse source;

[0008] The directional radiating wire grating antenna includes an upper wire grating, a lower wire grating, an upper rolled edge, a lower rolled edge, a loading circuit, and a load resistor. The input ends of the upper and lower wire gratings are respectively connected to the upper differential output electrode and the lower differential output electrode of the high-voltage differential pulse source. The output end of the upper wire grating is connected to the upper rolled edge, and the output end of the lower wire grating is connected to the lower rolled edge. One end of the loading circuit is connected to the upper rolled edge through an upper adapter plate, and the other end is connected to the lower rolled edge through a lower adapter plate. A load resistor is provided on the loading circuit.

[0009] The upper wire grid, lower wire grid, upper rolled edge, lower rolled edge, and loading loop form a symmetrical structure, and the plane where the upper wire grid is located and the plane where the lower wire grid is located form an angle to form the aperture of the directional radiation wire grid antenna.

[0010] The directional radiating grid antenna is mounted on a movable rotating support, and the directional radiating grid antenna can rotate around a rotation axis, which is the line connecting the high-voltage differential pulse source to the center of the aperture of the directional radiating grid antenna.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the loading circuit includes an upper loading circuit horizontal segment, an upper loading circuit vertical segment, a lower loading circuit vertical segment, and a lower loading circuit horizontal segment; one end of the upper loading circuit horizontal segment is sequentially connected to the upper loading circuit vertical segment, the load resistor, the lower loading circuit vertical segment, and the lower loading circuit horizontal segment, the other end of the upper loading circuit horizontal segment is connected to the upper adapter plate, and the other end of the lower loading circuit horizontal segment is connected to the lower adapter plate.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the number of upper wire grids and upper rolled edges are equal and each wire is aligned and equidistant.

[0013] The number of lower wire grids and lower rolled edges are equal, and each wire is aligned and equidistant.

[0014] The upper grid, lower grid, upper rolled edge, lower rolled edge, and loading circuit are all taut conductive metal wires.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the loading circuit comprises n lines, each with a load resistor; the parallel resistance R of the load resistors is equal to the characteristic impedance Z of the directional radiating grating antenna. C .

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the angle between the plane where the upper grid is located and the plane where the lower grid is located is not greater than 50 degrees; the ratio of the width of the upper grid and the lower grid to the vertical distance between the ends of the upper grid and the lower grid is not greater than 2; and the interval between any two adjacent upper grids and lower grids is not greater than 10 cm.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the high-efficiency radiation condition of the P×M electromagnetic combined dipole of the directional radiating wire grating antenna is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] In the formula: It is a magnetic dipole, formed by the current in the upper wire grid, lower wire grid and loading circuit after a load is applied to the end of the antenna; It is an electric dipole, formed by the accumulation of charges in the upper and lower wire grids; c is the speed of light.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the dimensions of the directional radiating wire grating antenna satisfy the following relationship:

[0021] A=cε0lhZ0

[0022] In the formula: A is the total area of ​​the directional radiation grating antenna in the lateral direction; Z0 is the vacuum wave impedance; ε0 is the vacuum dielectric constant; c is the speed of light; l is the horizontal length from the end of the upper and lower gratings to their extended intersection point; h is the vertical distance from the end of the upper and lower gratings.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, the movable rotating bracket includes a front support plate, a rear support plate, and a movable base; both the front support plate and the rear support plate are disposed on the movable base, the front support plate fixes the upper wire grid and the lower wire grid; the rear support plate fixes the loading circuit; the high-voltage differential pulse source is disposed on the inner side of the rear support plate, and the load resistor on the loading circuit is disposed on the outer side of the rear support plate; rollers are installed on the lower part of the movable base;

[0024] The front support plate and the rear support plate are circular in shape. The movable base is provided with a sliding groove. The front support plate and the rear support plate are both mounted on the sliding groove and can rotate along the sliding groove.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present invention, both the front support plate and the rear support plate adopt a hollow structure, and both the front support plate and the rear support plate are made of non-metallic materials; the outer shell of the high-voltage differential pulse source is made of non-metallic materials, and the interior of the high-voltage differential pulse source is gas-insulated.

[0026] As a further improvement of the present invention, the output waveform of the high-voltage differential pulse source is a double exponential wave voltage pulse with a leading edge no slower than 2ns and a pulse width no less than 30ns. The ratio of the sum of the peak values ​​of the output differential voltage U to the vertical distance h between the ends of the upper and lower grids is as follows:

[0027] U≥h×70kV / m.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0029] The directional radiating wire grating antenna of this invention employs a differential feeding structure and a symmetrical design, significantly improving the electric field amplitude ratio (exceeding 20dB) in the main / non-main polarization directions. This allows the system to not only generate vertically polarized electric fields but also adjust the electric field polarization direction via a rotating support, enabling it to test electromagnetic pulse radiation effects in different polarization directions. With a leading edge not exceeding 2ns, a pulse width of 23±5ns, and a peak field strength not less than 50kV / m, this invention utilizes a directional radiating wire grating antenna and proposes efficient radiation conditions for P×M electromagnetic combined dipoles to guide antenna structure design, greatly improving antenna radiation efficiency and enabling the generation of electromagnetic pulses that meet GJB 8848 standards.

[0030] Furthermore, this invention significantly reduces the weight of the directional radiation grid antenna and the high-voltage differential pulse source, allowing the system to be raised using forklifts or other devices, thus enabling irradiation testing at different heights. The antenna volume and overall system weight are greatly reduced, solving the problem that traditional high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulators occupy a large area and are difficult to move to the effector site for on-site testing. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Furthermore, the shapes and proportions of the components in the drawings are merely schematic to aid in understanding the invention and do not specifically limit the shapes and proportions of the components. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a side view of the structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the directional radiation wire grating antenna and the high-voltage differential pulse source in this invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the directional radiation wire grating antenna in this invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a spherical coordinate orientation diagram of the P×M electromagnetic composite oscillator composed of a directional radiating wire grating antenna in this invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a waveform impedance variation diagram along the +x direction for the electric dipole, magnetic dipole, and P×M electromagnetic combined oscillator of the directional radiation wire grating antenna in this invention.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of a high-voltage differential power supply in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Wherein: 1: Upper grid; 2: Lower grid; 3: Upper rolled edge; 4: Lower rolled edge; 5: Upper adapter plate; 6: Lower adapter plate; 7: Horizontal section of upper loading circuit; 8: Horizontal section of lower loading circuit; 9: Vertical section of upper loading circuit; 10: Vertical section of lower loading circuit; 11: Load resistor; 12: High voltage differential pulse source; 13: Front support plate; 14: Rear support plate; 15: Movable base; 16: Roller; 17: Upper differential output electrode; 18: Lower differential output electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0041] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides an electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system with adjustable polarization direction, comprising three parts: a directional radiation wire grid antenna, a movable rotating support, and a high-voltage differential pulse source 12.

[0044] The directional radiation wire grating antenna includes an upper wire grating 1, a lower wire grating 2, an upper rolled edge 3, a lower rolled edge 4, an upper loading circuit, a lower loading circuit, and a load resistor 11. The upper wire grating 1, upper rolled edge 3, upper loading circuit, lower wire grating 2, lower rolled edge 4, and lower loading circuit are symmetrically structured. The input ends of the upper wire grating 1 and lower wire grating 2 are connected to the two differential output electrodes of the high-voltage differential pulse source 12. The ends of the upper wire grating 1 and lower wire grating 2 are connected to the upper rolled edge 3 and lower rolled edge 4, respectively, and each wire is aligned. The upper rolled edge 3 and lower rolled edge 4 are connected to an adapter plate, which is connected to the upper and lower loading circuits. The loading circuit is divided into a horizontal segment and a vertical segment. The adapter plate is connected to the vertical loading circuit via the horizontal segment loading circuit. The ends of the upper and lower vertical loading circuits are connected to the load resistor 11.

[0045] Furthermore, the angle between the plane containing the upper grid 1 and the plane containing the lower grid 2 is no greater than 50 degrees, and the ratio of the width of the upper grid 1 and the lower grid 2 to the vertical distance between the ends of the upper grid 1 and the lower grid 2 is no greater than 2. The purpose is to ensure that the antenna has a high impedance to generate a radiation field waveform with a fast leading edge.

[0046] Furthermore, the spacing between adjacent lines of the upper grid 1 and the lower grid 2 is no more than 10cm, in order to reduce high-frequency loss caused by the density of the cables.

[0047] Furthermore, the upper wire grid 1, lower wire grid 2, upper rolled edge 3, lower rolled edge 4, upper loading circuit, and lower loading circuit are composed of multiple taut conductive metal wires, the purpose of which is to prevent the cable from tangling during rotation.

[0048] Preferably, the number of load resistors 11 is the same as the number of pull wires in the upper and lower loading circuits, and the parallel resistance of the load resistors 11 is approximately equal to the characteristic impedance of the directional radiating grid antenna, in order to reduce end reflection and form a matched loading circuit.

[0049] Preferably, the P×M electromagnetic composite dipole of the directional radiating wire grating antenna exhibits the following high-efficiency radiation conditions:

[0050]

[0051] In the formula: It is a magnetic dipole, formed by the current in the upper wire grid 1, the lower wire grid 2 and the loading circuit after a load is applied to the end of the antenna; It is an electric dipole, formed by the accumulation of charges in the upper grid 1 and the lower grid 2; c is the speed of light.

[0052] Furthermore, the dimensions of the directional radiating wire grating antenna satisfy:

[0053] A=cε0lhZ0

[0054] In the formula: A is the total area of ​​the directional radiation grating antenna in the lateral direction; Z0 is the vacuum wave impedance; ε0 is the vacuum dielectric constant; c is the speed of light; l is the horizontal length from the end of the upper grating 1 and the lower grating 2 to their extended intersection point; h is the vertical distance from the end of the upper grating 1 and the lower grating 2.

[0055] Preferably, the directional radiating wire grating antenna adopts differential feeding and has a symmetrical structure, the purpose of which is to reduce the radiation field intensity of the antenna in the non-primary polarization direction, so that the electric field amplitude ratio in the primary / non-primary polarization direction is greater than 20dB.

[0056] The movable rotating support includes a front support plate 13, a rear support plate 14, and a movable base 15. The front support plate 13 secures the directional radiation wire grid antenna by clamping the upper wire grid 1 and the lower wire grid 2. The rear support plate 14 secures the upper and lower loading circuits and the high-voltage differential pulse source 12. The movable base 15 secures the front support plate 13 and the rear support plate 14 and is equipped with casters at the bottom, allowing the entire electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system to be raised by placing the lower part of the base on a forklift or other device.

[0057] Furthermore, the front and rear support plates 14 are circular on the outside and can rotate on the movable base 15, with the purpose of adjusting the polarization direction of the electromagnetic pulse radiation environment.

[0058] Preferably, the front and rear support plates 14 adopt a hollow structure, which aims to reduce weight while ensuring strength.

[0059] Preferably, the front and rear support plates 14 are made of non-metallic materials, such as bakelite or fiberglass, in order to avoid affecting the electric field waveform generated by the antenna.

[0060] The high-voltage differential pulse source 12 is mounted on the rear support plate 14, and the two differential output electrodes are connected to the input terminals of the upper grid 1 and the lower grid 2. During operation, the pulse source simultaneously generates positive and negative voltages with the same leading edge, pulse width, and amplitude on the two output electrodes.

[0061] Furthermore, the housing of the high-voltage differential pulse source 12 is made of non-metallic materials, such as fiberglass and nylon, in order to improve insulation and reduce the weight of the pulse source.

[0062] Furthermore, the high-voltage differential pulse source 12 is internally gas-insulated to reduce weight.

[0063] Preferably, the output waveform of the high-voltage differential pulse source 12 is a double exponential wave voltage pulse with a leading edge no slower than 2ns and a pulse width no less than 30ns. The ratio of the sum of the peak values ​​of the output differential voltage U to the vertical distance h between the ends of the upper grid 1 and the lower grid 2 is as follows:

[0064] U≥h×70kV / m.

[0065] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0066] Example

[0067] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment of the invention discloses an electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system with adjustable polarization direction, including a directional radiation wire grid antenna, a movable rotating support, and a high-voltage differential pulse source 12. The directional radiation wire grid antenna includes an upper wire grid 1, a lower wire grid 2, an upper rolled edge 3, a lower rolled edge 4, an upper adapter plate 5, a lower adapter plate 6, an upper loading circuit horizontal section 7, a lower loading circuit horizontal section 8, an upper loading circuit vertical section 9, a lower loading circuit vertical section 10, and a load resistor 11. The movable rotating support includes a front support plate 13, a rear support plate 14, a movable base 15, and rollers 16.

[0068] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the upper grid 1, upper rolled edge 3, upper loading loop horizontal segment 7, upper loading loop vertical segment 9 and lower grid 2, lower rolled edge 4, lower loading loop horizontal segment 8 and lower loading loop vertical segment 10 are symmetrical structures.

[0069] like Figure 3 As shown, the ends of the upper wire grid 1 and the lower wire grid 2 are connected to the upper rolled edge 3 and the lower rolled edge 4 respectively, and each pull wire is aligned and kept at equal distance; the input ends of the upper wire grid 1 and the lower wire grid 2 are connected to the upper differential output electrode 17 and the lower differential output electrode 18 of the high voltage differential pulse source 12 respectively, and the pull wires are kept at equal distance.

[0070] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the upper rolled edge 3 is connected to the upper adapter plate 5, then to the horizontal section 7 of the upper loading circuit, then to the vertical section 9 of the upper loading circuit, and finally to the upper end of the load resistor 11; the lower rolled edge 4 is connected to the lower adapter plate 6, then to the horizontal section 8 of the lower loading circuit, then to the vertical section 10 of the lower loading circuit, and finally to the lower end of the load resistor 11.

[0071] The upper grid 1, lower grid 2, upper rolled edge 3, lower rolled edge 4, upper loading circuit horizontal section 7, lower loading circuit horizontal section 8, upper loading circuit vertical section 9, and lower loading circuit vertical section 10 are all composed of multiple taut conductive metal wires to prevent the cable from tangling during rotation. The spacing between adjacent wires in the upper grid 1 and lower grid 2 is no more than 10cm to reduce high-frequency loss caused by varying cable density.

[0072] Load resistor 11 contains n resistors, where n is the same as the number of pull wires in the upper and lower loading circuits. The parallel resistance R of load resistor 11 is approximately equal to the characteristic impedance Z of the directional radiating grating antenna. CThe purpose is to reduce end reflections and form a matched loading loop.

[0073] 1) Antenna radiation efficiency optimization based on P×M electromagnetic combined dipole

[0074] This invention proposes a theory for optimizing the radiation efficiency of TEM horn antennas based on P×M electromagnetic combined oscillators, which guides the design of TEM horn antennas with load-loading loops, such as directional radiation wire grid antennas.

[0075] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a directional radiating wire grating antenna. In the low-frequency band, the antenna exhibits capacitive behavior, with the upper wire grating 1 and lower wire grating 2 accumulating charges to form an electric dipole. After applying load resistor 11 at the end, the current in the loading circuit forms a magnetic dipole. At this point, the directional radiating wire grating antenna forms an electromagnetic composite vibrator.

[0076] Establish such as Figure 5 The spherical coordinate system shown is used. The radiation field of the electric dipole in the spherical coordinate system is:

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] The wave impedance of the electromagnetic field of an electric dipole is:

[0080]

[0081] The radiation field of a magnetic dipole in spherical coordinates is:

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] The wave impedance of the electromagnetic field of a magnetic dipole is:

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] If the electric dipole is along the z-direction and the magnetic dipole is along the y-direction, according to the superposition principle, the combined radiation field of the electric and magnetic dipoles is:

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] If electric dipole and magnetic dipole satisfy:

[0091]

[0092] Then there is,

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] As can be seen from the above equation, the electromagnetic field has components in all three directions, with E being the dominant component in the far field. θ and H φ Quantity.

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] In the +x direction, cosφ = sinθ = 1, E θ =E0(G1+G2), E θ and H φ It reaches its maximum value. In the -x direction, cosφ = -1, sinθ = 1, E θ =E0(G1-G2)=0,E θ and H φ All values ​​are 0. The P×M antenna exhibits good directivity.

[0099] The vertical polarization component impedance is:

[0100]

[0101] In the formula: Z0 is the vacuum wave impedance.

[0102] The horizontal polarization component impedance is:

[0103]

[0104] From the above equation, we can see that in the far-field region, G1 = G2. In the near-field area, G1 ≠ G2. Anisotropy It is the same everywhere, but not equal to Z0. In particular, along the +x direction, cosφ=sinθ=1, the horizontal component E of the radiation field φ H θ and radial component E r H r All are 0, at this time At this time, the radiation field exhibits transverse electromagnetic wave characteristics.

[0105] Figure 6Let Z represent the wave impedance along the +x direction for the electric dipole, magnetic dipole, and P×M electromagnetic combined oscillator. Compared to the electric dipole and magnetic dipole, the P×M electromagnetic combined oscillator exhibits Z0 along the +x direction in both the near and far fields, resulting in significantly improved radiation characteristics.

[0106] Based on the above analysis, the efficient radiation condition of the P×M electromagnetic combined dipole for a directional radiating wire grating antenna is:

[0107]

[0108] In the formula: It is a magnetic dipole, formed by the current in the upper wire grid 1, the lower wire grid 2 and the loading circuit after a load is applied to the end of the antenna; It is an electric dipole, formed by the accumulation of charges in the upper grid 1 and the lower grid 2; c is the speed of light.

[0109] In this invention, the electric dipole of the directional radiation wire grating antenna The expression is:

[0110]

[0111] In the formula: Z0 is the vacuum wave impedance; ε0 is the vacuum dielectric constant; l is the horizontal length from the end of the upper wire grid 1 and the lower wire grid 2 to their extended intersection point; h is the vertical distance from the end of the upper wire grid 1 and the lower wire grid 2; U is the total differential voltage fed into the antenna; Z is the unit vector in the vertical direction. C This is the characteristic impedance of a directional radiating wire grating antenna.

[0112] Magnetic dipole of a directional radiation wire grating antenna The expression is:

[0113]

[0114] In the formula: A is the total area of ​​the directional radiating grating antenna in the side direction, and R is the parallel resistance value R of the load resistor 11.

[0115] To improve antenna radiation performance, it is necessary to meet the following requirements. In addition, R≈Z C Therefore, the dimensions of the directional radiating wire grating antenna in this invention satisfy the following relationship:

[0116] A=cε0lhZ0

[0117] At this point, the radiation performance of the directional radiating wire grating antenna is maximized, thus enabling the pulse width of the radiation field to meet the waveform requirements of the GJB 8848 electromagnetic pulse.

[0118] 2) Antenna impedance design

[0119] Because the leading edge of the radiated field waveform is relatively fast, directional radiating wire grating antennas require high impedance. The antenna impedance calculation formula is as follows:

[0120]

[0121] In the formula: w is the width of the upper grid 1; h is the vertical distance between the ends of the upper grid 1 and the lower grid 2.

[0122] In this invention, to ensure that the antenna has high impedance to generate a radiation field waveform with a fast leading edge, the aspect ratio w / h is not greater than 2.

[0123] 3) Differential Design

[0124] Traditional directional radiating antennas based on TEM horns consist of an antenna electrode and a ground reflector electrode, resulting in high radiation field intensity in non-primary polarization directions (such as the electric field component in the horizontal polarization direction of a vertically polarized electric field antenna), which does not meet the requirements of the GJB 8848 standard.

[0125] In this invention, the directional radiating wire grating antenna adopts differential feeding and has a symmetrical structure. The purpose is to reduce the radiation field intensity of the antenna in the non-primary polarization direction, so that the electric field amplitude ratio in the primary / non-primary polarization direction is greater than 20dB.

[0126] 4) Examples of dimensional parameters in the embodiments of the invention

[0127] In this embodiment of the invention, the upper wire grid 1 and the lower wire grid 2 are 2m long, 1m wide, and 1m high; the upper rolled edge 3 and the lower rolled edge 4 are arcs with a radius of 0.25m.

[0128] The upper grid 1, lower grid 2, upper rolled edge 3, and lower rolled edge 4 are each composed of 20 taut copper wires with a diameter of 4mm, with the interval between adjacent wires not exceeding 5cm; the upper loading circuit horizontal section 7, lower loading circuit horizontal section 8, upper loading circuit vertical section 9, and lower loading circuit vertical section 10 are each composed of 6 taut copper wires with a diameter of 4mm.

[0129] Load resistor 11 contains 6 resistors, each with a resistance of 1068Ω and a withstand voltage of over 100kV. The parallel resistance is 178Ω, which is the characteristic impedance of the antenna.

[0130] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the front support plate 13 of the movable rotating bracket fixes the directional radiation wire grid antenna by clamping the upper wire grid 1 and the lower wire grid 2. The rear support plate 14 fixes the upper loading circuit horizontal section 7, the lower loading circuit horizontal section 8, and the high-voltage differential pulse source 12. The movable base 15 fixes the front support plate 13 and the rear support plate 14, and is equipped with casters 16 at the bottom. The entire electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system can be raised by placing the lower part of the movable base 15 on a forklift or other device.

[0131] As an optional embodiment, the front support plate 13 and the rear support plate 14 are circular in shape and are both set in corresponding grooves, allowing them to rotate on the movable base 15. The rotation axis is the line connecting the high-voltage differential pulse source 12 to the center of the antenna aperture, thereby adjusting the polarization direction of the electromagnetic pulse radiation environment. The front support plate 13 and the rear support plate 14 adopt a hollow structure and non-metallic materials such as bakelite and fiberglass, which reduces weight while ensuring strength and avoids affecting the electric field waveform generated by the antenna.

[0132] Since the upper grid 1, lower grid 2, upper rolled edge 3, lower rolled edge 4, upper loading circuit, and lower loading circuit are composed of multiple taut conductive metal wires, cable tangling during rotation can be avoided.

[0133] In this embodiment of the invention, the front support plate 13 and the rear support plate 14 are made of bakelite material, with a diameter of 2m and a thickness of 5cm, and the distance between the two support plates is 1.8m.

[0134] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the high-voltage differential pulse source 12 is mounted on the rear support plate 14. The input ends of the upper grid 1 and the lower grid 2 are respectively connected to the upper differential output electrode 17 and the lower differential output electrode 18 of the high-voltage differential pulse source 12. Both the upper differential output electrode 17 and the lower differential output electrode 18 are made of copper.

[0135] During operation, the pulse source simultaneously generates positive and negative voltages with the same leading edge, pulse width, and amplitude on the upper differential output electrode 17 and the lower differential output electrode 18, respectively. The waveform is a double exponential wave with a leading edge no slower than 2ns and a pulse width no less than 30ns. The ratio of the sum of the peak values ​​of the output differential voltages U to the vertical distance h between the ends of the upper grid 1 and the lower grid 2 is as follows:

[0136] U≥h×70kV / m

[0137] The outer casing of the high-voltage differential pulse source 12 is made of non-metallic materials, such as fiberglass and nylon, in order to improve insulation and reduce the weight of the pulse source; the internal structure is gas-insulated to reduce weight.

[0138] In this embodiment of the invention, the circuit schematic of the high-voltage differential pulse source 12 is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the high-voltage differential pulse source 12 adopts a Marx generator plus a storage circuit, which enables the pulse source to generate high-voltage pulses with nanosecond-level leading edges.

[0139] When the directional radiation system starts working, the Marx generator is charged by DC on both sides, and the isolation resistor is R0 with a resistance of 10MΩ.

[0140] When the pulse source is triggered, switch S1 is closed, and the main capacitor C of the Marx generator... m Through inductor Lm To C s During charging, the storage capacitor C... s The voltage is:

[0141]

[0142] When passing After a time interval, the storage capacitor C s The voltage on it reaches V0, at which point it is stored in the Marx generator C. m All electrical energy has been transferred to the medium-sized storage capacitor C. s In the middle. At this time, switch S2 is closed, and the data is stored in C. s The energy in the circuit is rapidly released to the directional radiating wire grating antenna through the right-hand loop, generating an electromagnetic pulse field via the antenna.

[0143] In this embodiment of the invention, capacitor C m The capacitance is 650pF, and the capacitor C is... S The inductance is 550pF, and the inductor L m The voltage is 200μH, the charging voltage is ±50kV, and the pulse source outputs a double exponential voltage wave with a peak voltage of 100kV, a pulse width of 35ns, and a leading edge of 1.5ns.

[0144] Many embodiments and applications beyond the examples provided will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Therefore, the scope of this teaching should not be determined by reference to the foregoing description, but rather by reference to the foregoing claims and the full scope of their equivalents. For purposes of completeness, all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference. The omission of any aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein in the foregoing claims is not intended as a waiver of that subject matter, nor should it be construed as an indication that the applicant has not considered that subject matter as part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.

[0145] The above content provides a further detailed description of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to this. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such deductions or substitutions should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention as defined by the submitted claims.

Claims

1. A polarisation direction adjustable electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system, characterised in that, It comprises a mobile rotating support, a directional radiating linear array antenna and a high-voltage differential pulse source (12). The directional radiating linear array antenna comprises an upper linear array (1), a lower linear array (2), an upper edge roll (3), a lower edge roll (4), a loading loop and a load resistor (11); the input ends of the upper linear array (1) and the lower linear array (2) are respectively connected to the upper differential output electrode (17) and the lower differential output electrode (18) of the high-voltage differential pulse source (12), the output end of the upper linear array (1) is connected to the upper edge roll (3), the output end of the lower linear array (2) is connected to the lower edge roll (4), one end of the loading loop is connected to the upper edge roll (3) through an upper adapter plate (5), and the other end of the loading loop is connected to the lower edge roll (4) through a lower adapter plate (6); the load resistor (11) is arranged on the loading loop; The upper linear array (1), the lower linear array (2), the upper edge roll (3) and the lower edge roll (4) and the loading loop form a symmetrical structure, and the plane where the upper linear array (1) is located and the plane where the lower linear array (2) is located form an included angle to constitute the aperture of the directional radiating linear array antenna; The directional radiating linear array antenna is arranged on the mobile rotating support, and the directional radiating linear array antenna can rotate around the rotation axis, and the rotation axis is a line connecting the high-voltage differential pulse source (12) to the center of the aperture of the directional radiating linear array antenna.

2. The polarisation direction adjustable electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system according to claim 1, characterised in that, The loading loop comprises an upper loading loop horizontal section (7), an upper loading loop vertical section (9), a lower loading loop vertical section (10) and a lower loading loop horizontal section (8); one end of the upper loading loop horizontal section (7) is sequentially connected to the upper loading loop vertical section (9), the load resistor (11), the lower loading loop vertical section (10) and the lower loading loop horizontal section (8), and the other end of the upper loading loop horizontal section (7) is connected to the upper adapter plate (5); the other end of the lower loading loop horizontal section (8) is connected to the lower adapter plate (6).

3. The polarisation direction adjustable electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system according to claim 1, wherein, The number of the upper linear array (1) and the upper edge roll (3) is equal, and each of them is aligned and kept equidistant; The number of the lower linear array (2) and the lower edge roll (4) is equal, and each of them is aligned and kept equidistant; The upper linear array (1), the lower linear array (2), the upper edge roll (3), the lower edge roll (4) and the loading loop are all tensioned conductive metal wires.

4. The polarisation direction adjustable electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system according to claim 1, wherein, The loading circuit comprises n a number of bars, each of which is provided with a load resistor (11); the parallel resistance value of the load resistors (11) R is equal to the characteristic impedance of the directive radiating slot antenna Z C .

5. The polarisation direction adjustable electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system according to claim 1, wherein, The included angle between the plane where the upper linear array (1) is located and the plane where the lower linear array (2) is located is not greater than 50 degrees; the ratio of the width of the upper linear array (1) and the lower linear array (2) to the vertical distance between the ends of the upper linear array (1) and the lower linear array (2) is not greater than 2; the interval between any two adjacent upper linear arrays (1) or lower linear arrays (2) is not greater than 10 cm.

6. The polarisation direction adjustable electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system according to claim 1, wherein, The high-efficiency radiation condition of the electromagnetic combined oscillator of the directional radiating linear array antenna is that: In the formula: is a magnetic dipole, and the current of the upper wire grid (1), the lower wire grid (2) and the loading loop forms after the antenna end is loaded with a load; is an electric dipole, and the upper wire grid (1) and the lower wire grid (2) gather electric charges to form; c is the speed of light.

7. The polarisation direction adjustable electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system according to claim 1, wherein, The size of the directional radiating linear array antenna satisfies the relationship: wherein: A A is the total area of the side direction of the directional radiation grating antenna; Z 0 is the vacuum wave impedance; 8. The electromagnetic pulse directional radiating system with adjustable polarization direction according to claim 1, characterized in that, 0 is the vacuum dielectric constant; c c is the speed of light; l L is the horizontal length from the end of the upper line grating (1) and the end of the lower line grating (2) to the intersection of their extensions; h H is the vertical distance between the end of the upper line grating (1) and the end of the lower line grating (2). ​ The mobile rotary support comprises a front support plate (13), a rear support plate (14) and a mobile base (15); the front support plate (13) and the rear support plate (14) are arranged on the mobile base (15), the front support plate (13) is fixed with an upper wire grid (1) and a lower wire grid (2); the rear support plate (14) is fixed with a loading circuit; a high-voltage differential pulse source (12) is arranged on the inner side of the rear support plate (14), and a load resistor (11) on the loading circuit is arranged on the outer side of the rear support plate (14); the mobile base (15) is provided with a roller (16) at the lower part. The front support plate (13) and the rear support plate (14) are circular in shape, the mobile base (15) is provided with a sliding groove, and the front support plate (13) and the rear support plate (14) are arranged on the sliding groove and can rotate along the sliding groove.

9. The polarisation direction adjustable electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system of claim 8, wherein, The front support plate (13) and the rear support plate (14) are both hollow structures, and the materials of the front support plate (13) and the rear support plate (14) are both non-metallic materials; the shell of the high-voltage differential pulse source (12) is made of non-metallic material, and the inside of the high-voltage differential pulse source (12) is gas insulated.

10. The polarisation direction adjustable electromagnetic pulse directional radiation system of claim 1, wherein, The high-voltage differential pulse source (12) outputs a double exponential wave voltage pulse with a front edge not slower than 2 ns and a pulse width not less than 30 ns, and the sum of the output differential voltage peak values U The vertical distance between the end of the upper line grid (1) and the end of the lower line grid (2) h The ratio is: 。

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