Pelton-type hydraulic machine

Abstract

The invention relates to a Pelton-type hydraulic machine comprising a working wheel (1), at least two nozzles (3) and a deflector wall (5) for deflecting splash water, the deflector wall surrounding the working wheel, and wherein the hydraulic machine comprises for each nozzle a deflector which is able to deflect a water jet which is emitted from the nozzle in operation, and wherein each deflector comprises a stem (6), two side edges (7) and a deflection body (4), and wherein the two side edges form a fork with a bifurcation point, and the stem is connected with the bifurcation point of the fork, and wherein the deflection body extends between the two end portions of the side edges which are facing away from the stem, and wherein each deflector is embodied in a manner rotatable about a rotation axis, and wherein the rotation axis passes through the deflector in the region of the stem, and in each set rotational position of the deflector the fork and the deflection body are completely arranged within the deflector wall, and wherein the stem passes through the deflector wall.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The invention relates to a Pelton-type hydraulic machine having a working wheel, at least two nozzles and a flow guide wall surrounding the working wheel for discharging splash water, wherein the nozzles are led through the flow guide wall such that the nozzle outlets are located on the inner face of the flow guide wall which is in contact with the splash water. BACKGROUND

[0002] A hydraulic machine of this kind is disclosed in DE 1 02010 024 475 A1. SUMMARY

[0003] It is the task of the invention to specify a Pelton-type hydraulic machine having a flow guide wall, wherein the machine comprises a deflector.

[0004] A common construction of such a deflector is disclosed in DE 397 389, which is used to deflect the water jet ejected from the nozzle such that the water jet no longer impinges on the bucket of the working wheel or only partially impinges on the bucket of the working wheel. Thereby, it is made possible for the hydraulic machine to be adjusted under rapid pressure without having to fear a pressure surge. Furthermore, the hydraulic machine is made doubly adjustable by the cooperation of the deflector with the nozzle needle.

[0005] According to the invention, this task is solved by the embodiments according to the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are found in the dependent claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0006] The invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings. In which:

[0007] Figure 1 A Pelton-type hydraulic machine is shown;

[0008] Figure 2 The working principle of a deflector is shown;

[0009] Figure 3 A deflector according to the prior art is shown;

[0010] Figure 4 A first embodiment of a deflector according to the invention is shown;

[0011] Figure 5 A second embodiment of a deflector according to the invention is shown;

[0012] Figure 6 A deflector according to the invention in the installed position is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] Figure 1A Pelton-type hydraulic machine is shown. The hydraulic machine comprises a working wheel, which is designated by 1. The working wheel 1 comprises a plurality of buckets, one of which is designated by 2. The hydraulic machine further comprises at least two nozzles, one of which is designated by 3. Figure 1 The hydraulic machine shown in Figure 1 may be configured in the shape of a ring. The deflector wall 5 can also consist of a plurality of segments. The segments can have a curved profile or a straight profile. Combinations of these are also possible. The nozzles 3 project from the outside into the space enclosed by the deflector wall 5, so that the water jets emitted from the nozzles 3 during operation of the hydraulic machine are located in the interior of the deflector wall 5 when they are emitted from the nozzles 3. For this purpose, the deflector wall 5 has corresponding openings. The deflector wall 5 has a roof-like profile. In this case, Figure 5 the corresponding lines represent the ridge lines of the deflector wall 5. The faces of the deflector wall 5 recede radially outwards in the viewing direction and in the opposite direction. In this way, the splash water is discharged outwards away from the working wheel 1 by the deflector wall 5.

[0014] Figure 2 Two possible operating principles of a deflector in a Pelton-type hydraulic machine are shown in a very schematic manner. The deflector comprises a deflector body, which is arranged for interaction with the water jets. In Figure 2 , the deflector body is designated by 4. When the deflector is activated, the deflector body performs a rotational movement. Figure 2 The axis of rotation of this movement is indicated by a small cross in . These axes of rotation are arranged on the side of the nozzles 3 facing away from the working wheel. Such a deflector is provided for each nozzle.

[0015] Figure 2 The upper part of shows a first operating principle, in which the deflector body 4 approaches the water jet from the side of the water jet which is oriented towards the working wheel. When the deflector body 4 intrudes into the water jet, the water jet is deflected outwards, so that the water jet only partially impinges on the bucket 2. When the deflector is fully activated, the deflector body 4 is arranged so that the water jet is deflected entirely from the bucket periphery, so that no energy is transferred from the water jet to the working wheel 1. Deflectors designed according to this principle are also referred to as pushers, since they push the water jet outwards.

[0016] Figure 2The lower part of Fig. 1 shows the second operating principle, in which the deflector 4 approaches the water jet from the side of the water jet that is facing away from the working wheel. When the deflector 4 intrudes into the water jet, a part of the water jet is deflected outwards, so that the deflected part of the water jet does not impinge on the bucket 2. When the deflector is fully activated, the deflector 4 is arranged in such a way that the water jet is completely deflected past the periphery of the bucket, so that no energy is transferred from the water jet to the working wheel 1. A deflector designed according to this operating principle is also called a cutter, because it cuts off a part of the water jet and deflects it outwards.

[0017] The hydraulic machine implemented according to the invention can comprise a deflector according to both operating principles described above.

[0018] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a deflector according to the prior art is shown in Fig. 1. Here, Figure 3 The upper part of Fig. 1 shows the deflector in the direction of view along the deflector's axis of rotation, which is again indicated by the small cross. Figure 3 The lower part of Fig. 1 shows the deflector in the direction of view perpendicular to the deflector's axis of rotation, which is indicated by the dashed line. The deflector forms a lever or a lever arm that can be rotated about the axis of rotation. The deflector has a bifurcated shape, i.e. it comprises a rod-shaped part, in short: a rod, which represents the handle of the fork, and is connected to the two sides of the fork at the bifurcation point of the fork. In Figure 3 The rod is designated by 6, and one of the sides is designated by 7. The deflector body 4 extends between the two ends of the side 7 that are facing away from the rod 6. An action point designated by 8 is arranged on the end of the rod 6 that is facing away from the side 7. The action point 8 is provided for a servo motor that can act on it in order to manipulate the deflector. The axis of rotation of the deflector is arranged in such a way that it passes through the deflector in the region of the side 7.

[0019] Figure 4 A deflector according to the invention is shown in Fig. 2. In contrast to Figure 3 the deflector shown in Fig. 1, the rod 6 is implemented to be longer, and the side 7 is shorter, so that the axis of rotation of the deflector is arranged in such a way that it passes through the deflector in the region of the rod 6.

[0020] Figure 5 A further embodiment of a deflector according to the invention is shown in Fig. 3. In contrast to Figure 4 the deflector shown in Fig. 1, the rod 6 comprises a specially profiled part, which is designated by 9. Figure 5 The part of Fig. 3 that is marked by an arrow shows a cross section through the profiled rod section, in which the letters A-A indicate the position of the relevant section. The profiled body is formed in the shape of a roof.

[0021] The features of the deflector according to the invention shown in Figure 6 will be explained in the following Figure 4 and Figure 5 .Figure 6 The mounting position of such a deflector is shown. The deflector is exemplarily a push-off deflector, wherein the shown deflector is in an unactivated position, i.e. in a position in which the water jet passes the deflector between the two side edges of the forked portion without contacting the deflection body at this time. The deflector can also be embodied as a shut-off deflector. The support for the deflector is formed by a double web which is connected with the side of the nozzle facing away from the working wheel and in which Figure 6 the axis of rotation of the deflector is arranged outside the flow guide wall 5. The flow guide wall 5 is indicated by a dashed line. The deflector according to the application has an embodiment with a long stem and a shortened fork, which results in the fact that in each set rotational position of the deflector, the forked portion together with the deflection body is completely located within the flow guide wall 5. The deflector only leads the stem through the flow guide wall 5, which makes it possible for the corresponding opening in the flow guide wall 5 to be kept small. According to Figure 5 the embodiment with the profiled portion 9, it is also advantageous that the profiled stem section 9 adjoins the flow guide wall 5 which is also formed in a roof-like manner, so that the flow guide wall is continued by the profiled stem section 9. Thus, the deflector only has a minimal adverse effect on the water splash-out effect of the flow guide wall 5. The rounding in the profiled stem section 9 region of the deflector which can be seen in Figure 5 and Figure 6 causes the fact that even when the deflector is slightly rotated about the axis of rotation, the deflector adjoins the flow guide wall 5 with the profiled stem section 9 as described above, since the rounding forms an arc with a center point which coincides with the axis of rotation of the deflector.

[0022] List of reference signs

[0023] 1 working wheel

[0024] 2 water scoop

[0025] 3 nozzle

[0026] 4 deflection body

[0027] 5 flow guide wall

[0028] 6 stem

[0029] 7 side edge

[0030] 8 point of action

[0031] 9 profiled stem section

[0032] 10 web

Claims

1. A Pelton-type hydraulic machine comprising a working wheel (1) having a plurality of water buckets (2), at least two nozzles (3), and a guide wall (5) for discharging splashed water, the guide wall (5) surrounding the working wheel (1), and wherein, The nozzle (3) extends from the outside into the space surrounded by the guide wall (5), and wherein the hydraulic machinery includes a deflector for each nozzle (3) capable of deflecting the water jet ejected from the nozzle during operation, and wherein each deflector includes a rod (6), two sides (7) and a deflecting body (4), and wherein the two sides (7) form a fork with a bifurcation point, and the rod (6) is connected to the bifurcation point of the fork, and wherein the deflecting body (4) extends between two ends of the side (7) opposite to the rod (6), and wherein each deflector is implemented to be supported in a manner rotatable about a rotation axis, characterized in that the rotation axis passes through the deflector in the region of the rod (6), and in each provided rotational position of the deflector, the fork and the deflecting body (4) are completely arranged within the guide wall (5), and wherein the rod (6) passes through the guide wall (5).

2. The Pelton-type hydraulic machinery according to claim 1, wherein, The guide wall (5) has a roof-shaped profile, and the rod (6) includes a roof-shaped rod section (9) arranged such that the roof-shaped rod section (9) is adjacent to the roof-shaped profile of the guide wall (5) at least in one rotational position of the deflector.

3. The Pelton-type hydraulic machinery according to claim 2, wherein, The irregular rod section (9) has an arc-shaped profile, wherein the center point of the arc coincides with the rotation axis of the deflector, so that the roof-shaped irregular rod section (9) is adjacent to the roof-shaped profile of the guide wall (5) in more than one rotation position of the deflector.

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