A method for inoculating edible fungi into sticks to cultivate mycelium

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for inoculating and making rods of edible fungi to cultivate mycelium, which comprises the following steps: Step 1, introducing the sterilized and cooled cultivation substrate into the storage bin of an automatic bagging machine, and injecting half of the liquid spawn into the storage bin to mix with the cultivation substrate; Step 2, the automatic bagging machine injects the cultivation substrate mixed with the liquid spawn, sterile oxygen and the other half of the liquid spawn into the bag and ties the bag mouth; Step 3, using a laser drilling machine to punch micro holes on the surface of the bag; The present invention provides sufficient oxygen for the growth and development of the mycelium, avoids secondary pollution of the cultivation substrate in the bag, shortens the mycelium cultivation period by 71% compared with the prior art, makes the mycelium age in the cultivation substrate consistent and has strong vitality, and increases the mushroom yield and the high-quality mushroom rate by more than 10% respectively, and is applicable to the cultivation of edible fungi.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of making mushroom sticks for bag cultivation of edible fungi, and particularly relates to a method for inoculating and making mushroom sticks to cultivate mycelium of edible fungi. Background Art

[0002] According to the statistics of the China Edible Fungi Association, the total output of edible fungi in the country in 2021 was 41.6055 million tons (fresh products), with a total output value of 355.022 billion yuan, accounting for more than 80% of the world's total output. Among them, bag-cultivated edible fungi accounted for more than 90% of the total in China, and about 45 billion mushroom sticks were needed annually. During the mycelium growth and cultivation stage and the fruiting growth stage, the mushroom sticks need to inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide for growth and development. Without oxygen, the mushroom sticks will get sick and rot, and without oxygen, the mushroom sticks will suffocate and die. In the prior art, the following methods are usually adopted to cultivate mycelium of bag-cultivated edible fungi: after the mushroom sticks are sterilized by steam under high pressure or normal pressure and cooled down to about 25°C, the following methods are used to place the strains: one is to punch 3-5 holes in the mushroom sticks, and stuff the solid strain into the holes and seal them tightly; the other is to open the breathable cotton-free cover body, place the solid strain or inject the liquid strain, and then cover and seal the cotton-free cover body tightly; the mushroom sticks rely on the small amount of oxygen remaining in the cultivation substrate in the bag, the strain holes or the cotton-free cover body and the tied bag mouth to provide oxygen for the growth and development of the mycelium, and exhale carbon dioxide through the strain holes or the cotton-free cover body and the tied bag mouth; as a result, the mycelium in the mushroom sticks grows and develops in a nearly asphyxiated state; in order to provide sufficient oxygen for the growth and development of the mycelium, it is necessary to punch holes on the inner side of the mycelium growth circle of each mushroom stick for oxygenation in the later stage, resulting in slow mycelium growth rate, weak vitality, easy aging and degradation, and miscellaneous bacteria in the environment are likely to fall in during punching or opening the cover for strain inoculation to form secondary pollution, and the labor intensity and cost are high when punching holes on the inner side of the mycelium growth circle for oxygenation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a method for inoculating and making mushroom sticks to cultivate mycelium of edible fungi, aiming to solve the problems of slow mycelium growth rate and weak vitality in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A method for inoculating and making mushroom sticks to cultivate mycelium of edible fungi includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Pour the sterilized and cooled cultivation substrate into the storage bin of the automatic bagging machine, and inject half of the liquid strain into the storage bin to mix with the cultivation substrate;

[0007] Step 2: The automatic bagging machine injects the cultivation substrate mixed with the liquid strain, sterile oxygen and the other half of the liquid strain into the bag, and ties the bag mouth;

[0008] Step 3: Use a laser drilling machine to punch micro holes on the bag surface.

[0009] Furthermore, a storage bin is provided at the top of the automatic bagging machine. The storage bin is connected to the steel cylinder for rod-making and base material loading, and the steel cylinder for rod-making and base material loading is connected to the automatic bagging machine. A hollow stirring shaft is rotatably connected to the automatic bagging machine. The hollow stirring shaft extends from one end of the storage bin to the end of the steel cylinder for rod-making and base material loading away from the storage bin. The end of the hollow stirring shaft away from the steel cylinder for rod-making and base material loading is rotatably connected to a rotary joint. The rotary joint is connected to a first steel pipe and a second steel pipe. The first steel pipe extends from one end of the hollow stirring shaft to the other end. An air injection hole is provided at the end of the first steel pipe close to the steel cylinder for rod-making and base material loading. The end of the rotary joint away from the first steel pipe is connected to an oxygen generator through an oxygen pipeline. The oxygen pipeline is connected to the first steel pipe through the rotary joint. The second steel pipe extends from one end of the hollow stirring shaft to the other end. The end of the rotary joint away from the second steel pipe is connected to a liquid spawn fermentation tank through a spawn pipeline. The second steel pipe is connected to the spawn pipeline through the rotary joint. A booster pump is provided between the rotary joint and the liquid spawn fermentation tank. The end of the hollow stirring shaft close to the rotary joint is drivingly connected to a motor. The motor rotates to drive the hollow stirring shaft to rotate and load the cultivation substrate in the storage bin into the bag.

[0010] Furthermore, the air injection hole is located 1 - 3 cm away from the end of the first steel pipe close to the steel cylinder for rod-making and base material loading.

[0011] Furthermore, there are a plurality of air injection holes, and the air injection holes are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the first steel pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, the oxygen generator is connected to an air filter.

[0013] Furthermore, the pore diameter of the filter element of the air filter is less than 0.01 microns.

[0014] Furthermore, the diameter of the micropores is less than 0.5 microns.

[0015] Furthermore, 3 - 5 micropores are punched on the surface of each 10 square centimeters of the bag.

[0016] Furthermore, the cultivation substrate is sterilized and cooled to 25 °C.

[0017] Due to the adoption of the above structure, compared with the prior art, the technical progress achieved by the present invention is as follows:

[0018] The cultivation substrate after sterilization and cooling is introduced into the storage bin of the automatic bagging machine, and half of the liquid spawn is injected into the storage bin to be mixed with the cultivation substrate; the automatic bagging machine injects the cultivation substrate mixed with the liquid spawn, sterile oxygen, and the other half of the liquid spawn into the bag and ties the bag mouth; the injection of sterile oxygen increases the oxygen content in the bag, providing sufficient oxygen for the growth and development of the mycelium; a laser drilling machine is used to punch micro-holes on the surface of the bag; the micro-holes can prevent miscellaneous bacteria from falling into the bag, avoiding secondary pollution of the cultivation substrate in the bag. Through a large number of cultivation tests, it is proved that injecting sufficient oxygen into the bag shortens the mycelium cultivation period by 71% compared with the prior art, the mycelium age in the cultivation substrate is consistent and the vitality is strong, and the mushroom yield and the high-quality mushroom rate are both increased by more than 10%. In summary, the present invention provides sufficient oxygen for the growth and development of the mycelium, avoids secondary pollution of the cultivation substrate in the bag, shortens the mycelium cultivation period by 71% compared with the prior art, the mycelium age in the cultivation substrate is consistent and the vitality is strong, and the mushroom yield and the high-quality mushroom rate are both increased by more than 10%, and it is applicable to the cultivation of edible fungi. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.

[0020] In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotary joint, an oxygen pipeline, and a spawn pipeline of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a storage bin, a rod-making and substrate-loading steel cylinder, and a hollow stirring shaft of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a rod-making and substrate-loading steel cylinder, a hollow stirring shaft, a first steel pipe, and a second steel pipe of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a hollow stirring shaft, a first steel pipe, a second steel pipe, and an air injection hole of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Labeled components: 1 - automatic bagging machine, 101 - storage bin, 102 - rod-making and substrate-loading steel cylinder, 103 - hollow stirring shaft, 2 - bag, 3 - laser drilling machine, 4 - micro-hole, 5 - rotary joint, 6 - first steel pipe, 601 - air injection hole, 7 - second steel pipe, 8 - oxygen pipeline, 9 - oxygen generator, 10 - spawn pipeline, 11 - liquid spawn fermentation tank, 12 - booster pump, 13 - motor, 14 - air filter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0027] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only for the purpose of illustrating and explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0028] Example 1: A method for inoculating and making rods of edible fungi to cultivate mycelium

[0029] This example discloses a method for inoculating and making rods of edible fungi to cultivate mycelium, such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5As shown in the figure, in a Class 100 purification room, first, the cultivation substrate is a substrate for bagged edible fungi. The substrate for bagged edible fungi is thoroughly sterilized and cooled to 25°C. Under a closed and sterile state, it is introduced into the storage bin 101 of the automatic bagging machine 1 through a conveyor. In the storage bin 101, half of the liquid spawn injected through a pipeline is mixed evenly with the cultivation substrate. The automatic bagging machine 1 sleeves a water-retaining film and a fungus rod material bag on the rod-making and substrate-loading steel cylinder 102 respectively. The rod-making clamping cylinder of the automatic bagging machine 1 is then sheathed outside the water-retaining film and the fungus rod material bag. The hollow stirring shaft of the automatic bagging machine 1 rotates to inject the cultivation substrate mixed with liquid spawn, sterile oxygen, and the other half of the liquid spawn into the bag 2. The rod-making clamping cylinder sheathed outside the water-retaining film and the fungus rod material bag retreats as the fungus rod formed by loading the substrate moves backward. The formed fungus rod is moved to the bag mouth sealing and tying device, and the substrate at the bag mouth is compacted and tied. When carrying out industrial production, half of the total liquid spawn is mixed evenly with the total amount of the cultivation substrate, and the other half of the liquid spawn is respectively filled into the bag 2. That is, the automatic bagging machine 1 fills 1 / n of the cultivation substrate mixed with liquid spawn, 1 / n of the other half of the liquid spawn, and sterile oxygen into a bag 2 to make a fungus rod. For the sake of clear description, the liquid spawn and cultivation substrate used for making one fungus rod are described. Half of the liquid spawn for making one fungus rod is mixed evenly with the cultivation substrate, and the other half of the liquid spawn is jointly filled into the bag together with sterile oxygen. That is, the automatic bagging machine 1 fills the cultivation substrate mixed with half of the liquid spawn, the other half of the liquid spawn, and sterile oxygen into the bag 2 to make a fungus rod. The liquid spawn is inoculated in two times. The first time is to make the cultivation substrate all mixed with the spawn, and the second time is to make the spawn form a line in the center of the rod core and be inoculated into the center of the cultivation substrate, which is beneficial for the rapid germination of the liquid spawn and the consistent mycelial age in the cultivation substrate, shortening the mycelium cultivation period. The traditional method is to punch 3 - 4 holes to inoculate solid spawn. The top of the automatic bagging machine 1 is provided with a storage bin 101. The storage bin 101 is communicated with the rod-making and substrate-loading steel cylinder 102. The rod-making and substrate-loading steel cylinder 102 is connected to the automatic bagging machine 1 through bolts. The hollow stirring shaft 103 is rotationally connected to the automatic bagging machine 1 through bearings. The hollow stirring shaft 103 extends from one end of the storage bin 101 to the end of the rod-making and substrate-loading steel cylinder 102 far from the storage bin 101. The hollow stirring shaft 103 is a carbon steel hollow shaft with a diameter of 6 - 9 mm. The outer wall of the hollow stirring shaft 103 is fixedly connected with a spiral blade by welding. The hollow stirring shaft 103 rotates to load the cultivation substrate in the storage bin 101 into the bag 2 through the rod-making and substrate-loading steel cylinder 102. The end of the hollow stirring shaft 103 far from the rod-making and substrate-loading steel cylinder 102 is rotationally connected to a rotary joint 5. The rotary joint 5 is threadedly connected to a first steel pipe 6 and a second steel pipe 7. Both the first steel pipe 6 and the second steel pipe 7 are stainless steel pipes with a diameter of 3 - 4 mm. Both the first steel pipe 6 and the second steel pipe 7 pass through the hollow stirring shaft 103 and expose outside the hollow stirring shaft 103. The end of the first steel pipe 6 exposed outside the hollow stirring shaft 103 is 3 - 5 mm. An air injection hole 601 is opened at the end of the first steel pipe 6 exposed outside the hollow stirring shaft 103 by a hole drilling machine.The air injection hole 601 is used to inject oxygen into the bag 2 and discharge the air, carbon dioxide and excess moisture in the bag 2 backward, so as to avoid the problem that the mushroom stick rots due to excessive moisture, reducing the yield of edible fungi. That is, the air injection hole 601 is used to fill oxygen to squeeze the air, carbon dioxide and excess moisture in the cultivation substrate to the rear end and discharge them from the mushroom stick. The rotating joint 5 is connected to the oxygen generator 9 through the oxygen pipeline 8 away from the end of the first steel pipe 6. The oxygen pipeline 8 is connected to the first steel pipe 6 through the rotating joint 5. The oxygen produced by the oxygen generator 9 is filled into the bag 2 through the rotating joint 5, the first steel pipe 6 and the air injection hole 601, increasing the oxygen content in the cultivation substrate, providing sufficient oxygen for the subsequent growth of the mycelium, promoting the growth and rejuvenation of the mycelium, effectively shortening the growth and development period and rejuvenation period of the mycelium, enhancing the vitality of the strain, and solving the technical problem that the mushroom stick rots due to large water injection volume and mycelium asphyxia. The second steel pipe 7 extends from one end to the other end of the hollow stirring shaft 103. The end of the second steel pipe 7 exposed from the hollow stirring shaft 103 is 10 - 15 mm. The rotating joint 5 is connected to the liquid spawn fermentation tank 11 through the spawn pipeline 10 away from the end of the second steel pipe 7. The second steel pipe 7 is connected to the spawn pipeline 10 through the rotating joint 5. A booster pump 12 is provided between the rotating joint 5 and the liquid spawn fermentation tank 11. The booster pump 12 pressurizes to inject the liquid spawn in the liquid spawn fermentation tank 11 into the cultivation substrate in the bag 2 through the second steel pipe 7. The end of the hollow stirring shaft 103 close to the rotating joint 5 is drivingly connected to the motor 13. The driving connection can be through belt drive, gear meshing drive, etc. The motor 13 rotates to drive the hollow stirring shaft 103 to rotate to load the cultivation substrate in the storage bin 101 into the bag 2, and then use a sealing machine to tie the bag mouth to form a mushroom stick; finally, micropores 4 are punched on the oxygen-filled mushroom stick. The micropores 4 refer to holes smaller than 0.5 microns punched on the plastic bag of the prepared mushroom stick with a laser machine before the mushroom stick is output and placed on the code rod rack. A laser drilling machine 3 is set on the mushroom stick flat output line. When the mushroom stick passes through the laser drilling machine 3, micropores 4 with a diameter smaller than 0.5 microns are punched on the mushroom stick through laser irradiation. The micropores 4 penetrate the plastic film of the mushroom stick, avoiding the secondary pollution caused by miscellaneous bacteria falling into the mushroom stick. 3 - 5 micropores 4 are punched on the surface of the bag 2 per 10 square centimeters. Less than 3 micropores 4 result in insufficient respiration of the strain, and more than 5 micropores increase the cost. The micropores 4 are for the mushroom stick to breathe during growth and development. The mushroom stick with punched micropores 4 is placed in a grid-type mushroom cultivation rack and cultured in a cultivation room for about 10 days to complete the cultivation of the mycelium. The cultivation of the non-oxygen-filled mushroom stick takes 35 - 40 days. The cultivation of the mycelium is shortened by 71% compared with the prior art. The mycelium age in the cultivation substrate is consistent, the vitality is strong, the mushroom yield, quality and high-quality mushroom rate are all increased by more than 10%. It has the characteristics of simple operation, automatic control, small investment and high efficiency, and solves the problems of slow growth rate and weak vitality of the mycelium in the prior art; when in use, first, mix half of the liquid spawn and the cultivation substrate and introduce them into the storage bin 101 of the automatic bagging machine 1; secondly, the automatic bagging machine 1 injects the cultivation substrate mixed with the liquid spawn, sterile oxygen and the other half of the liquid spawn into the bag 2,And tie the bag mouth; finally, use a laser drilling machine 3 to punch micro-holes 4 on the surface of the bag 2; thus, the advantages of this embodiment are that with the above settings, sufficient oxygen is provided for the growth and development of the mycelium, avoiding secondary pollution of the cultivation substrate in the bag, shortening the mycelium cultivation period by 71% compared with the prior art, making the mycelium age in the cultivation substrate consistent and with strong vitality, and increasing the mushroom yield and high-quality mushroom rate by more than 10% each, solving the problems of slow growth rate and weak vitality of the mycelium in the prior art.

[0030] Embodiment 2

[0031] On the basis of Embodiment 1, the air injection holes 601 are located 1 - 3 cm from the end of the first steel pipe 6 close to the base material steel cylinder 102 for making rods. There are multiple air injection holes 601, and the multiple air injection holes 601 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the first steel pipe 6. The multiple air injection holes 601 can inject oxygen into the cultivation substrate simultaneously in different directions. This setting can fully inject oxygen into the cultivation substrate, increasing the oxygen content in the mushroom stick; thus, the advantage of this embodiment is that with the above settings, the oxygen content in the mushroom stick is increased.

[0032] Embodiment 3

[0033] On the basis of Embodiment 1, the oxygen generator 9 is connected to the air filter 14 through a pipeline. The pore diameter of the filter element of the air filter 14 is less than 0.01 microns, and the air filter 14 is a four-stage disinfection filter. The air filter 14 removes oil, water, dust, and miscellaneous bacteria in the air and enters the oxygen generator 9. The oxygen generator 9 uses pressure swing adsorption and normal pressure desorption to produce oxygen with a higher purity of 93 - 94%, avoiding the contamination of the cultivation substrate in the bag by miscellaneous bacteria in the oxygen and reducing the yield. The sterile oxygen is pressurized to 3 - 5 kg by a pressure pump, and its pressure is greater than the pressure generated when the hollow stirring shaft 103 of the automatic bagging machine 1 fills the cultivation substrate into the bag 2, ensuring that the pressurized oxygen extrudes the air, carbon dioxide, and excess moisture remaining in the cultivation substrate and replaces them with oxygen, increasing the oxygen content in the cultivation substrate, providing sufficient oxygen for the subsequent growth and development of the mycelium, promoting the growth and rejuvenation of the mycelium, effectively shortening the mycelium growth and rejuvenation periods, enhancing the vitality of the strains, and solving the problem of rotten sticks caused by suffocation of the mycelium due to a large amount of water injection in the mushroom stick; thus, the advantage of this embodiment is that with the above settings, the contamination of the cultivation substrate is avoided.

[0034] The working principle of the embodiments of the present invention is as follows:

[0035] When in use, first, mix half of the liquid strain and the cultivation substrate and introduce them into the storage bin 101 of the automatic bagging machine 1; second, the automatic bagging machine 1 injects the cultivation substrate mixed with the liquid strain, sterile oxygen, and the other half of the liquid strain into the bag 2 and ties the bag mouth; finally, use a laser drilling machine 3 to punch micro-holes 4 on the surface of the bag.

[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating mycelium by inoculating edible fungi into rods, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: In a Class 100 clean room, liquid bacteria are added to the cultivation base twice, the sterilized and cooled cultivation base is introduced into the storage bin (101) of the automatic bagging machine (1), and half of the liquid bacteria is injected into the storage bin and mixed with the cultivation base, so that the cultivation base is mixed with the bacteria; Step 2: The automatic bagging machine (1) injects the cultivation base material mixed with liquid bacteria, sterile oxygen and the other half of the liquid bacteria into the bag (2), allowing the bacteria to be connected to the center of the cultivation base material in a line at the center of the stick, and ties the bag opening; Step three: using a laser punching machine (3) to punch microholes (4) on the surface of the bag (2), wherein the diameter of the microholes (4) is less than 0.5 micrometers.

2. The method for cultivating mycelium by inoculating edible fungi into rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: A material storage bin (101) is provided on the top of the automatic bagging machine (1), the material storage bin (101) is connected to a steel cylinder (102) for making rods and loading base materials, the steel cylinder (102) for making rods and loading base materials is connected to the automatic bagging machine (1), a hollow stirring shaft (103) is rotatably connected to the automatic bagging machine (1), the hollow stirring shaft (103) extends from one end of the material storage bin (101) to the end of the steel cylinder (102) for making rods and loading base materials away from the material storage bin (101), the end of the hollow stirring shaft (103) away from the steel cylinder (102) for making rods and loading base materials is rotatably connected to a rotary joint (5), the rotary joint (5) is connected to a first steel pipe (6) and a second steel pipe (7), the first steel pipe (6) extends from one end of the hollow stirring shaft (103) to the other end, the first steel pipe (6) is provided with an air injection hole (601) at the end close to the steel cylinder (102) for making rods and loading base materials, the rotary joint (5) is connected to a first steel pipe (6) and a second steel pipe (7), the first steel pipe (6) extends from one end of the hollow stirring shaft (103) to the other end, the first steel pipe (6) is provided with an air injection hole (601) at the end close to the steel cylinder (102) for making rods and loading base materials, The end of the adapter (5) away from the first steel pipe (6) is connected to the oxygen generator (9) through the oxygen pipeline (8), the oxygen pipeline (8) is connected to the first steel pipe (6) through the rotating joint (5), the second steel pipe (7) extends from one end of the hollow stirring shaft (103) to the other end, the end of the rotating joint (5) away from the second steel pipe (7) is connected to the liquid strain fermentation tank (11) through the strain pipeline (10), the second steel pipe (7) is connected to the strain pipeline (10) through the rotating joint (5), a booster pump (12) is provided between the rotating joint (5) and the liquid strain fermentation tank (11), the end of the hollow stirring shaft (103) close to the rotating joint (5) is transmission-connected to the motor (13), the motor (13) rotates to drive the hollow stirring shaft (103) to rotate so as to load the cultivation substrate in the storage bin (101) into the bag (2).

3. The method for cultivating mycelium by inoculating edible fungi into rods according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gas injection hole (601) is located 1-3 cm from the end of the first steel tube (6) close to the rod-making base material steel cylinder (102).

4. The method for cultivating mycelium by inoculating edible fungi into rods according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are a plurality of gas injection holes (601), and each of the gas injection holes (601) is arranged at intervals along the circumference of the first steel pipe (6).

5. The method for cultivating mycelium by inoculating edible fungi into rods according to claim 2, characterized in that: The oxygen generator (9) is connected to an air filter (14).

6. The method for cultivating mycelium by inoculating edible fungi into rods according to claim 5, characterized in that: The filter element pore size of the air filter (14) is less than 0.01 micrometers.

7. The method for cultivating mycelium by inoculating edible fungi into rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the bag (2) is perforated with 3 to 5 micropores (4) per 10 square centimeters.

8. The method for cultivating mycelium by inoculating edible fungi into rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cultivation base material is sterilized and cooled to 25°C.

Images