A cultivation method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng

Abstract

The present invention is applicable to the technical field of agricultural planting, and provides a cultivation method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng, comprising the following steps: step 1, site selection and land preparation; step 2, sowing period determination; step 3, seed treatment; step 4, soil disinfection; step 5, soil preparation for seedling cultivation; step 6, bagging seedling cultivation; step 7, three-dimensional cultivation; step 8, seedling management; step 9, transplanting; step 10, post-transplant management: field management after transplanting is the same as step 8, until American ginseng is harvested. According to the growth and continuous cropping obstacle occurrence law of American ginseng, the method scientifically divides the growth cycle of American ginseng into two years of factory seedling cultivation, and then transplants it to the field for another two years, interrupting the conditions for the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles, and through an effective prevention and control technology system, significantly improves the emergence rate and seedling preservation rate of American ginseng, reduces the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng, and has obvious effects of increasing production and improving quality, which can meet the requirements of modern agricultural development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a cultivation method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng. Background Art

[0002] American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is a perennial medicinal herb native to southeastern Canada and eastern United States in North America. It was introduced and successfully planted in my country in the 1980s. American ginseng is an important Chinese medicinal material and an important economic crop. Its rich bioactive substances play an important role in treating hypoglycemia, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotection, anti-tumor, and fatigue relief.

[0003] However, with the increase in the number of years of American ginseng cultivation, the problem of continuous cropping has become more and more serious, mainly manifested in no seedlings or low seedling emergence rate, serious seedling death, poor plant growth and development, reduced yield and deterioration in quality, etc., which are the main factors restricting the sustainable development of the American ginseng industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for preventing and controlling the continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng, aiming to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention is implemented as follows: a cultivation method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Site selection and land preparation: Select a plot with suitable altitude, temperature and light. Choose a greenhouse for seedling cultivation. The transplanting site needs to be windproof, well-drained and rich in humus. Both the seedling and transplanting sites need to be leveled.

[0007] Step 2, sowing period: The most suitable sowing period for greenhouse American ginseng is generally from the end of March to the beginning of April, otherwise it will affect the emergence of seedlings;

[0008] Step 3, seed treatment: 1 day before sowing, take out the open seeds hidden in the sand, wash them in running water for 10-20 minutes to wash off the large amount of sand covering the surface, then rinse them under running water overnight, control the water, dilute them 500 times with Celex, soak them for 5 hours, and then mix Celex and Bik to coat the seeds;

[0009] Step 4: Soil disinfection: Put the forest soil, organic fertilizer and substrate into a special steam sterilizer in turn, heat to 90°C for 30 minutes for sterilization, and move to room temperature to cool;

[0010] Step 5, seedling soil preparation: forest soil, organic fertilizer and substrate in a ratio of 7:1:2, and then add Fenghuoyuan Actinomyces at a ratio of 200g Fenghuoyuan Actinomyces per 40kg seedling soil, and mix well;

[0011] Step 6, bagging seedlings: the planting box uses a blue plastic box with an inner diameter of 50cm×38cm×18cm, and the seedling bag uses a non-woven seedling bag with a height of 20cm and a diameter of 12cm; 9 drainage holes are drilled at equal intervals on the bottom of the planting box, and the seedling bag is supported into a 10cm×8cm shape with a customized soil-filling funnel, and the prepared seedling soil is filled in, so that the soil is flush with the bag mouth, and gently compacted. 20 seedling bags are placed in each planting box, and 4 treated seeds are sown at the four corners of the planting bag about 2cm away from the edge of the bag, and the seeds are covered with 2-3 cm thick seedling soil;

[0012] Step 7, three-dimensional cultivation: Place the sown planting box on the three-dimensional planting rack, and use the drip irrigation pipe for drip irrigation. The two ends of the drip irrigation pipe are fixed on the planting box, and then the drip irrigation pipe is connected to the main pipe. According to the size of the planting box and the planting density, four drip irrigation pipes can be arranged in each planting box, and each drip irrigation pipe is placed in the center of the seedling bag. After sowing, water appropriately to ensure germination.

[0013] Step 8, management during the seedling stage: from one week after emergence, one week before the hottest ten days in summer, and one week before seedlings are transplanted, use microbial agents and biological pesticides to irrigate the roots three times for disease and insect pest prevention, place yellow boards on the ridges to control pests, apply topdressing during the growth period, and remove dead branches and leaves in time after seedlings are transplanted;

[0014] Step 9, Transplanting: After the American ginseng is planted in the nursery box for two years, it is transplanted to the field in early November for another two years. When transplanting, the roots of the ginseng need to be treated with microbial agents;

[0015] Step 10. Management after transplanting: Field management after transplanting is the same as step 8 until the American ginseng is harvested.

[0016] According to a further technical solution, in step 3, the specific operation steps for coating the seeds are as follows:

[0017] The seed coating agent Siloxi and the insecticide Imidacloprid were used to coat the cleaned open seeds; 10 mL of Siloxi and 10 g of Imidacloprid were mixed and diluted 50 times, and mixed with 2.5 kg of American ginseng seeds for seed coating. The coated seeds were placed in a 4°C refrigerator and taken out for subsequent sowing.

[0018] A further technical solution is that in step 4, the understory soil is humus soil accumulated in the topsoil layer under the local forest, large stones in the soil are removed during planting, the organic fertilizer is mainly fully fermented and decomposed chicken manure, and the matrix is ​​imported pure coconut bran material.

[0019] A further technical solution is that in step 6, when sowing, the American ginseng seeds should be covered with soil immediately after sowing to avoid long-term exposure to the air which may cause the young roots to die of lack of water. The seeds that are not sown on the same day should be stored in a 4°C refrigerator and must not be left out in the open at room temperature.

[0020] A further technical solution is that in step 7, during three-dimensional planting, a soil temperature and humidity sensor can be arranged in the seedling bag, and the soil temperature and humidity sensor is connected to the main console. The main console sets a 50% value according to the soil moisture content for automatic watering, or the main console can be controlled by a remote operation device to supply water. The watering time is once in the morning and once in the evening in summer, once at noon in winter, and once in the evening at other times.

[0021] A further technical solution is that the three-dimensional planting rack used in step 7 includes an A-type steel bracket, which is 20m long, 0.6m wide and 1.2m high. Three layers of 40cm wide load-bearing nets are laid on the A-type steel bracket to carry the seedling boxes. The height between each layer of the load-bearing net is set to 40cm. It is installed in a greenhouse, and a ground film is laid under the A-type steel bracket to collect excess fertilizer and water, which can be recycled and reused. The brackets are arranged in a single row with a row spacing of 60 to 70cm.

[0022] According to a further technical solution, the dripping pipe used in step 7 has a diameter of 1.6 mm, a dripping hole spacing of 10 cm, a dripping hole diameter of 0.2 mm, and a dripping flow rate of 1.5 to 2.0 L / h.

[0023] According to a further technical solution, in step 8, the microbial agent is methylotrophic Bacillus LW6 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

[0024] According to a further technical solution, in step 8, the biological pesticide is 10% of the active ingredient of the polymyxin B3 diluted 3000 times, and the active ingredient of the polymyxin B3 diluted 800 times.

[0025] According to a further technical solution, in step 9, the field soil needs to be treated before transplanting. The specific operation of the soil treatment is as follows:

[0026] Use 98% dazomethane microgranules at 100g / m 2 Sprinkle the amount evenly on the surface of the soil to be treated, use a rotary tiller to till the soil 3 times to ensure that the particles are evenly dispersed in the soil. The tillage depth is guaranteed to be above 20cm. Spray the soil after tillage with appropriate water to make the soil moisture about 50%, and then cover it with black mulch for fumigation. After 1 month, lift the mulch and dry it for 3 weeks. After drying, apply organic fertilizer and actinomycetes. The organic fertilizer is disinfected according to step 4. After the treated organic fertilizer is cooled, mix it with actinomycetes in proportion, of which the organic fertilizer is 0.75kg / m 2Apply 200g of actinomycetes to every 40kg of organic fertilizer and mix them evenly. Spread the mixed organic fertilizer and actinomycetes on the soil surface and perform deep tillage. One month later, use it to transplant American ginseng.

[0027] A further technical solution is that in step 9, when transplanting, the specific operation of processing the ginseng roots is as follows:

[0028] Take out the American ginseng planted for two years in the nursery box from the bag, shake it gently to remove the soil on the surface of the ginseng roots. Do not use too much force to avoid damaging the root system. Dilute it 2000 times with Walter Veuve, soak it for 30 minutes, take it out and drain the water; then dilute it 3000 times with Lu Fu Da nematicide, soak it for 50 minutes, take it out and drain the water; then dilute it 500 times with Celexa, soak it for 20 minutes, take it out and drain the water; finally dilute it 500 times with the microbial agent Dr-PGPR, dip the roots and transplant it.

[0029] The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling the continuous cropping of American ginseng, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) Optimizing the seeds, soil, and environmental conditions to scientifically prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, and by artificially dividing the growth cycle of American ginseng into two years of seedling cultivation and two years of field planting, the conditions for continuous cropping obstacles were interrupted, effectively solving the problem of continuous cropping obstacles for American ginseng;

[0031] (2) Through seed treatment, soil disinfection and seedling soil ratio and other technologies, the emergence rate of American ginseng seedlings planted for one year can reach 80.8%, which is significantly improved; the average fresh weight of the roots of American ginseng planted for two years is 5.75g, the average root length is 13.77cm, and the number of fibrous roots of two-year-old ginseng is more, and the quality is significantly improved, indicating that this method has achieved remarkable results in overcoming the obstacles of continuous cropping and has broad application prospects in the promotion of American ginseng planting;

[0032] (3) Through the precise control of American ginseng at different growth stages by microbial agents and biological pesticides, the use of chemical pesticides is greatly reduced, the quality of American ginseng is guaranteed while reducing the occurrence of diseases, and the development requirements of American ginseng in a healthy, green and ecological way are met;

[0033] (4) The vertical seedling raising model is adopted, and the field planting model is carried out two years after the seedling raising. The land utilization rate can be doubled. Through the rotation of soil, the two-year seedling raising model and transplanting model can greatly reduce the planting cycle of American ginseng, promote the development of the American ginseng industry, and is a forward-looking application of the factory-based and large-scale planting of American ginseng. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the root growth of the two-year-old ginseng in Example 1;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the root growth of two-year-old ginseng in Comparative Example 1;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a graph showing the field growth of two-year ginseng in Example 1;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the field growth of two-year ginseng in Comparative Example 1;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the box-type bagging method of raising seedlings;

[0039] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a three-dimensional planting rack. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0041] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0042] Embodiment 1, a cultivation method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Site selection and land preparation: Select a plot with suitable altitude, temperature and light. Choose a greenhouse for seedling cultivation. The transplanting site must be windproof, well-drained and rich in humus. Both the seedling and transplanting sites must be leveled.

[0044] Step 2, sowing period: The most suitable sowing period for greenhouse American ginseng is generally from the end of March to the beginning of April, otherwise it will affect the emergence of seedlings;

[0045] Step 3, seed treatment: 1 day before sowing, take out the open seeds hidden in the sand, wash them in running water for 10-20 minutes to wash off the large amount of mud and sand covering the surface, then rinse them under running water (the water flow cannot be too fast) overnight, control the water, dilute them 500 times with Celexa (active ingredient and content of fludioxonil 25g / L, suspended seed coating agent), soak the seeds for 5 hours, and then mix Celexa and Bik (active ingredient and content of imidacloprid 10%, wettable powder) for seed coating;

[0046] Step 4: Soil disinfection: Put the forest soil, organic fertilizer and substrate into a special steam sterilizer in turn, heat to 90°C for 30 minutes for sterilization, and move to room temperature to cool;

[0047] Step 5, seedling soil preparation: forest soil, organic fertilizer and substrate in a ratio of 7:1:2, and then add 200g of Actinomycetes (active spores of Streptomyces pyrrosinum and Streptomyces rocheri, with a viable count of ≥2 billion / g) per 40kg of seedling soil, and mix well;

[0048] Step 6, bag seedling cultivation: Use a blue plastic box with an inner diameter of 50cm×38cm×18cm for the planting box, and a non-woven seedling bag with a height of 20cm and a diameter of 12cm for the seedling bag; drill 9 drainage holes at equal intervals on the bottom of the planting box, use a customized soil-filling funnel to prop up the seedling bag into a shape of 10cm×8cm, fill it with the prepared seedling soil, preferably when the soil is filled to the level of the bag mouth, and gently compact it. Place 20 seedling bags in each planting box, sow 4 treated seeds at the four corners of the planting bag about 2cm away from the edge of the bag, and cover the seeds with 2 to 3 cm thick seedling soil (such as Figure 5 shown);

[0049] Step 7, three-dimensional cultivation: Place the sown planting box on the three-dimensional planting rack, and use the drip irrigation pipe for drip irrigation. The two ends of the drip irrigation pipe are fixed on the planting box, and then the drip irrigation pipe is connected to the main pipe. According to the size of the planting box and the planting density, four drip irrigation pipes can be arranged in each planting box, and each drip irrigation pipe is placed in the center of the seedling bag. After sowing, water appropriately to ensure germination.

[0050] Step 8, management during the seedling stage: from one week after emergence, one week before the hottest ten days in summer, and one week before seedlings are turned over, use microbial agents and biological pesticides to irrigate the roots three times for disease and insect pest prevention. The soil moisture needs to be controlled well during the entire growth cycle, weeds in bags should be removed in time, and yellow boards should be placed on the ridges to control pests. Topdressing can be carried out during the growth peak period, and dead branches and leaves should be removed in time after seedlings are turned over;

[0051] Step 9, Transplanting: After the American ginseng is planted in the nursery box for two years, it is transplanted to the field in early November for another two years. When transplanting, the roots of the ginseng need to be treated with microbial agents;

[0052] Step 10. Management after transplanting: Field management after transplanting is the same as step 8 until the American ginseng is harvested.

[0053] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, the specific operation steps of coating the seeds are as follows:

[0054] The seed coating agent Siloxi and the insecticide Imidacloprid were used to coat the cleaned open seeds; 10 mL of Siloxi and 10 g of Imidacloprid were mixed and diluted 50 times, and mixed with 2.5 kg of American ginseng seeds for seed coating. The coated seeds were placed in a 4°C refrigerator and taken out for subsequent sowing.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 4, the understory soil is humus accumulated in the topsoil layer under the local forest, the soil is fertile and soft, and large stones in the soil are removed during planting; the organic fertilizer is mainly fully fermented and decomposed chicken manure; the matrix is ​​imported pure coconut bran material, which is used to increase soil permeability during planting.

[0056] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 6, when sowing, the American ginseng seeds should be covered with soil immediately after sowing to avoid long-term exposure to the air which may cause the young roots to die of lack of water. The seeds that are not sown on the same day should be stored in a refrigerator at 4°C and must not be left out in the open at room temperature.

[0057] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 7, during three-dimensional planting, a soil temperature and humidity sensor can be arranged in the seedling bag, and the soil temperature and humidity sensor is connected to the main console. The main console sets a 50% value according to the soil moisture content for automatic water supply, or the main console can be controlled by a remote operation device to supply water. The watering time is once in the morning and once in the evening in summer, once at noon in winter, and once in the evening at other times; the water supply amount is controlled by multiple solenoid valves.

[0058] like Figure 6 As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional planting frame used in step 7 includes an A-type steel bracket, which is 20m long, 0.6m wide and 1.2m high. Three layers of 40cm wide bearing nets are laid on the A-type steel bracket to carry the seedling boxes. The height between each layer of the bearing net is set to 40cm. It is installed in a greenhouse, and a ground film is laid under the A-type steel bracket to receive excess fertilizer and water, which can be recycled and reused. The brackets are arranged in a single row with a row spacing of 60 to 70cm.

[0059] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dripping pipe used in step 7 has a diameter of 1.6 mm, a dripping hole spacing of 10 cm, a dripping hole diameter of 0.2 mm, and a dripping flow rate of 1.5 to 2.0 L / h.

[0060] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 8, the microbial agent is methylotrophic Bacillus LW6 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

[0061] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 8, the biological pesticide is 10% of the active ingredient content of polymyxin B diluted 3000 times, and the active ingredient content of 8% of nicotinic amine diluted 800 times.

[0062] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 9, the field needs to be soil treated before transplanting, and the specific operation of soil treatment is as follows:

[0063] Use 98% dazomethane microgranules at 100g / m 2 Sprinkle the amount evenly on the surface of the soil to be treated, and use a rotary tiller to till the soil 3 times to ensure that the particles are evenly dispersed in the soil. The tillage depth is guaranteed to be above 20cm. Spray the soil after tillage with appropriate water to make the soil moisture about 50%. Then cover it with black mulch film for fumigation. After 1 month, lift the mulch film and dry it for 3 weeks. After drying, apply organic fertilizer and actinomycetes. The organic fertilizer is disinfected according to step 4. After the treated organic fertilizer is cooled, it is first mixed with actinomycetes in proportion, with the organic fertilizer at 0.75kg / m 2 Apply 200g of actinomycetes to every 40kg of organic fertilizer and mix them evenly. Spread the mixed organic fertilizer and actinomycetes on the soil surface and perform deep tillage. One month later, use it to transplant American ginseng.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 9, during transplanting, the specific operation of processing the ginseng roots is as follows:

[0065] Take out the American ginseng planted for two years in the nursery box from the bag, shake it gently to remove the soil on the surface of the ginseng roots. Do not use too much force to avoid damaging the root system, dilute it 2000 times with Walter Kaige (the active ingredient and content are 14.9% thiamethoxam + 11.1% highly effective chlorfenapyr, suspension), soak it for 30 minutes, remove it and drain the water; then dilute it 3000 times with Lu Fu Da (the active ingredient and content are 41.7% fluopyram, suspension) nematicide, soak it for 50 minutes, remove it and drain the water; then dilute it 500 times with Cialis (25g / L fludioxonil, suspension seed coating agent), soak it for 20 minutes, remove it and drain the water; finally, dilute it 500 times with the microbial agent Dr-PGPR (100 billion active spores / gram of probiotics), dip the roots and transplant it.

[0066] As a comparative example, continuous cropping soil was selected as planting soil without treatment; the seeds were untreated seeds; no microbial agents and biological pesticides were used for root irrigation during the growth period, and other conditions were the same, and American ginseng was cultivated, which is comparative example 1. The roots of American ginseng cultivated for two years by the above method and comparative example 1 were dug out, and the average fresh weight, dry weight, root length and root diameter of the ginseng roots were measured, and the emergence rate and seedling survival rate in the second year were recorded. Example 1 Two-year ginseng root growth is as follows Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the root growth of the two-year-old ginseng in Comparative Example 1 is as follows Figure 2 As shown in Example 1, the field growth of two-year ginseng is as follows Figure 3 As shown in the table, the field growth of two-year-old ginseng in comparative example 1 is as follows Figure 4 The results are shown in Table 1:

[0067] Table 1 Root growth indexes and seedling survival rate of two-year-old American ginseng

[0068] Measurement items Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Average fresh weight / g 5.75 1.55 Average dry weight / g 1.75 0.43 Average root length / cm 13.77 7.62 Average root diameter / cm 1.24 0.94 Seedling rate (%) 50.00 5.00 Seedling survival rate (%) 76.43 11.94

[0069] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with Comparative Example 1, the growth of American ginseng in Example 1 is fast, the root of American ginseng harvested after growing for 2 years is long and the yield is high, while the American ginseng in Comparative Example 1 grows obviously slowly, the average length and root thickness of the harvested American ginseng are significantly lower, and the germination rate and seedling survival rate of Example 1 are much higher than those of Comparative Example 1, the germination rate is 10 times that of Comparative Example 1, and the seedling survival rate is 6.4 times that of Comparative Example 1. At the same time, the present invention uses microbial agents and biogenic pesticides to irrigate the roots, and the occurrence of root diseases of American ginseng in Example 1 is significantly reduced, and its quality is significantly better than that of Comparative Example 1.

[0070] Embodiment 2, a cultivation method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng, comprising the following steps:

[0071] Step 1: Site selection and land preparation: Select a plot with suitable altitude, temperature and light. Choose a greenhouse for seedling cultivation. The transplanting site must be windproof, well-drained and rich in humus. Both the seedling and transplanting sites must be leveled.

[0072] Step 2, sowing period: The most suitable sowing period for greenhouse American ginseng is generally from the end of March to the beginning of April. The sowing time should not be too late, otherwise it will affect the emergence of seedlings;

[0073] Step 3, seed treatment: 1 day before sowing, take out the open seeds hidden in the sand, wash them several times in running water to wash off the large amount of sand covering the surface, and then rinse them overnight in running water (the water flow should not be too fast). After draining the water, dilute them 500 times with Cialis (active ingredient and content of fludioxonil 25g / L, suspended seed coating agent), soak the seeds for 5 hours, and then mix Cialis (fludioxonil) and imidacloprid (imidacloprid) for seed coating;

[0074] Step 4, soil disinfection: Put the components of the seedling soil for cultivation (forest soil: organic fertilizer: substrate = 7:1:2) into a special high-temperature sterilizer and steam heat to 90°C, and continue heating for 30 minutes;

[0075] Step 5, preparation of seedling soil: the disinfected forest soil, organic fertilizer and substrate are cooled at room temperature, and then the three are stirred and mixed in a ratio of 7:1:2. After mixing, actinomycetes (active spores of Streptomyces dactycota and Streptomyces rocheri, with a viable count of ≥2 billion / g) are added and continued to mix;

[0076] Step 6, bag seedling cultivation: the planting box uses a blue plastic box with an inner diameter of 50cm×38cm×18cm, and the seedling bag uses a non-woven seedling bag with a height of 20cm and a diameter of 12cm; 9 drainage holes are drilled at equal intervals at the bottom of the planting box, and the seedling bag is supported into a 10cm×8cm shape with a customized soil-filling funnel, and the prepared seedling soil is filled in and gently compacted. The amount of soil is preferably filled to the level of the bag mouth. The seedling bags are neatly placed in the planting box, with 20 seedling bags placed in each planting box. Four seeds treated with the drug are sown at the four corners of the planting bag about 2cm away from the edge of the bag, and the seeds are covered with 2 to 3 cm thick soil. The sown planting boxes are moved to the three-dimensional planting rack and placed neatly;

[0077] Step 7, three-dimensional cultivation: The three-dimensional planting rack can be customized with an A-type structural steel bracket. The bracket is 20m long, 0.6m wide, and 1.2m high. Three layers of 40cm wide bearing nets are laid to carry the seedling boxes. The height between each layer of bearing nets is set to 40cm. It is installed in the greenhouse. The ground film is laid under the bracket to receive excess fertilizer and water, which can be recycled and reused. The brackets are arranged in a single row with a row spacing of 60-70cm. A drip pipe with a pipe diameter of 1.6mm, a drip hole spacing of 10cm, a drip hole diameter of 0.2mm, and a drip flow rate of 1.5-2.0L / h is used for drip irrigation. The two ends of the drip pipe are fixed on the planting box, and then the drip pipe is connected to the main pipe. According to the size of the planting box and the planting density, four drip pipes can be arranged for each planting box. Each drip pipe is placed in the center of the seedling bag. After sowing, water is applied appropriately to ensure germination.

[0078] Step 8, seedling management: in the first year, use microbial agents and biological pesticides to irrigate the roots three times after sowing, in early June and early August to prevent diseases and insect pests. The soil moisture should be controlled well during the entire growth period from seedling emergence to seedling failure. Weeds in bags should be removed in time, and yellow boards should be placed on the ridges to control pests. Topdressing can be carried out during the growth peak period, and dead branches and leaves should be removed in time after seedling failure.

[0079] Step 9, Transplanting: After two years of planting in the nursery box, the American ginseng is transplanted to the field in early November for another two years. The soil of the transplanting site needs to be treated in advance;

[0080] Step 10: When transplanting, the ginseng roots need to be sterilized and insecticidal, and then the roots are dipped in microbial agents before transplanting;

[0081] Step 11. Management after transplanting: Field management after transplanting is basically the same as step 8 until the American ginseng is harvested.

[0082] In an embodiment of the present invention, the specific operation of seed coating in step 3 is as follows: seed coating agent Siloxi (active ingredient and content of fludioxonil 25g / L, suspension seed coating agent) and insecticide Bicloprid (active ingredient and content of imidacloprid 10%, wettable powder) are selected to coat the cleaned open seeds; 10mL Siloxi and 10g of imidacloprid are diluted 50 times and mixed with 2.5kg of American ginseng seeds for seed coating; the coating treatment is carried out by artificial coating method, the cleaned open seeds are gently poured into a basin, another cup is taken, appropriate amounts of fludioxonil and imidacloprid are measured according to the amount of seeds, appropriate amount of water is added to the cup according to the dilution ratio, fludioxonil and imidacloprid are stirred and mixed at the same time, and then poured into the basin containing seeds in multiple times, and the seeds are gently shaken up and down each time the fungicide is poured to ensure that the surface of the seeds is covered with a layer of seed coating agent, and the coated seeds are placed in a refrigerator at 4°C for storage and taken out for subsequent sowing.

[0083] In step 4, the understory soil is humus soil accumulated in the understory surface soil layer of the local forest. The soil is fertile and soft. Large stones in the soil are removed during planting. The organic fertilizer is mainly fully fermented and decomposed chicken manure. The substrate is imported pure coconut bran material, which is used to increase soil permeability during planting.

[0084] In step 5, the amount of actinomycetes is mixed according to 40 kg of organic fertilizer and 200 g of actinomycetes (active spores of Streptomyces dactycota and Streptomyces loucheri, with a viable count of ≥2 billion / g).

[0085] In step 6, the seedling bag is a degradable non-woven fabric, which is harmless to the soil and can be degraded. When sowing, the American ginseng seeds should be covered with soil immediately after sowing to avoid long-term exposure to the air which may cause the young roots to die of lack of water. The seeds that are not sown on the same day should be stored in a 4°C refrigerator and should not be left out in the open at room temperature.

[0086] In step 7, when planting in three dimensions, a soil temperature and humidity sensor can be arranged in the seedling bag, and the sensor is connected to the main console. The main console sets the value for water supply according to the soil moisture content, or the main console can be controlled by a remote operation device to supply water; the water supply time is once in the morning and evening in summer, once at noon in winter, and once in the evening at other times; the water supply amount is controlled by multiple solenoid valves;

[0087] In step 9, the soil treatment before transplanting is as follows: 98% dazomethane microgranules are used at a rate of 100 g / m 2The amount is evenly sprinkled on the surface of the soil to be treated, and a rotary tiller is used for 3 times to ensure that the particles are evenly dispersed in the soil. The rotary tillage depth is guaranteed to be above 20 cm. After rotary tillage, the soil is sprayed with appropriate water to make the soil moisture at about 50%, and then covered with black mulch film for fumigation. After 1 month, the mulch film is lifted and aired for 3 weeks. After airing, organic fertilizer and actinomycetes are applied. The organic fertilizer is disinfected according to step 4. After the treated organic fertilizer is cooled, it is first mixed with actinomycetes in proportion, wherein the organic fertilizer is applied at 0.75 kg / m2, and the actinomycetes are mixed at 40 kg of organic fertilizer and 200 g of actinomycetes. The mixed organic fertilizer and actinomycetes are sprinkled on the soil surface for rotary tillage and deep plowing, and used for transplanting one month later.

[0088] In step 10, the specific operation of the insecticide and sterilization treatment of the ginseng roots during transplanting is as follows: take out the American ginseng planted for two years in the nursery box from the bag, shake it gently to remove excess soil on the surface of the ginseng roots, and do not use too much force to avoid damaging the root system. Remove the diseased roots of the dug American ginseng, leaving only the healthy ginseng roots, dilute them 2000 times with Walter Kaige (the active ingredient and content are 14.9% thiamethoxam + 11.1% highly effective chlorfenapyr, suspension), soak for 30 minutes, remove and drain the water; then dilute the nematicide Lu Fu Da (the active ingredient and content are 41.7% fluopyram, suspension) 3000 times, soak for 50 minutes, remove and drain the water; then dilute it 500 times with Celecoxib (25g / L fludioxonil, suspension seed coating agent), soak for 20 minutes, remove and drain the water; finally, dilute it 500 times with the microbial agent Dr-PGPR (100 billion active spores / gram of probiotics), dip the roots and transplant.

[0089] Example 3 adopts the same planting technology as Example 2, except that the root irrigation period is once after sowing and once in early June. Example 4 adopts the same planting technology as Example 2, except that the root irrigation period is once after sowing. Example 5 adopts the same planting technology as Example 2, except that the relative soil humidity in step 7 is set to 35%. Example 6 adopts the same planting technology as Example 2, except that the relative soil humidity in step 7 is 35%, the root irrigation period is once after sowing and once in early June. Example 7 adopts the same planting technology as Example 2, except that the relative soil humidity in step 7 is 35%, and the root irrigation period is once after sowing. Example 8 adopts the same planting technology as Example 2, except that the relative soil humidity in step 7 is 20%. Example 9 adopts the same planting technology as Example 2, except that the relative soil humidity in step 7 is 20%, the root irrigation period is once after sowing and once in early June. Example 10 adopts the same planting technology as Example 2, except that the relative soil humidity in step 7 is 20%, and the root irrigation period is once after sowing and once in early June. Comparative Example 2 adopts the same planting technology as Example 2, except that an equal amount of water is used to replace the microbial agent and biological pesticide for root irrigation. Comparative Example 3 adopts the same planting technology as Example 2, except that the relative soil humidity in step 7 is 35%, and an equal amount of water is used to replace the microbial agent and biological pesticide for root irrigation. Comparative Example 4 adopts the same planting technology as Example 2, except that the relative soil humidity in step 7 is 20%, and an equal amount of water is used to replace the microbial agent and biological pesticide for root irrigation. The indicators and emergence rate of American ginseng cultivated for one year in Examples 2 to 10 and Comparative Examples 2 to 4 were measured respectively, and the results are shown in the following table:

[0090] Table 2 Growth index and germination rate of one-year-old American ginseng

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] As can be seen from Table 2, the growth indexes of American ginseng in Examples 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 are significantly better than those in Comparative Examples 3 and 4. The emergence rates of Examples 2 to 9 are all higher than those in Comparative Examples 2, 3 and 4, and the emergence rate of Example 10 is higher than that in Comparative Examples 3 and 4; among them, the scheme of Example 2 is the best, and its average plant height, average leaf length, average leaf width and emergence rate are significantly higher than those in the comparative examples, with an average plant height of 7.34 cm, an average leaf width of 2.56 cm, an average leaf length of 4.70 cm, and an emergence rate of 80.8%, which is significantly higher than the emergence rate of 26.9% in Comparative Example 3, an increase of 53.9%. The above shows that the growth indexes of American ginseng planted by this method are excellent, which can ensure the rapid growth of American ginseng and significantly improve the emergence rate of American ginseng. At the same time, this method greatly reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reduces agricultural non-point source pollution, reduces the risk of agricultural residues of American ginseng, and improves ecological and social benefits.

[0094] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Site selection and land preparation: Select a plot with suitable altitude, temperature and light. Choose a greenhouse for seedling cultivation. The transplanting site must be windproof, well-drained and rich in humus. Both the seedling and transplanting sites must be land prepared; Step 2, sowing period: The sowing period of greenhouse American ginseng is from the end of March to the beginning of April; Step 3, seed treatment: 1 day before sowing, take out the open seeds hidden in the sand, wash them in running water for 10-20 minutes to wash off the large amount of sand covering the surface, then rinse them under running water overnight, control the water, dilute them 500 times with Celex, soak them for 5 hours, and then mix Celex and Bik to coat the seeds; Step 4: Soil disinfection: Put the forest soil, organic fertilizer and substrate into a special steam sterilizer in turn, heat to 90°C for 30 minutes for sterilization, and move to room temperature to cool; Step 5, seedling soil preparation: forest soil, organic fertilizer and substrate in a ratio of 7:1:2, and then add Fenghuoyuan Actinomyces at a ratio of 200g Fenghuoyuan Actinomyces per 40kg seedling soil, and mix well; Step 6, bag seedling cultivation: Use a blue plastic box with an inner diameter of 50cm×38cm×18cm for the planting box, and a non-woven seedling bag with a height of 20 cm and a diameter of 12 cm for the seedling bag; drill 9 drainage holes at equal intervals at the bottom of the planting box, use a soil-filling funnel to prop up the seedling bag into a shape of 10 cm×8 cm, fill it with the prepared seedling soil, and make the soil flush with the bag mouth. Place 20 seedling bags in each planting box, sow 4 treated seeds at the four corners of the planting bag 2 cm away from the edge of the bag, and cover the seeds with 2-3 cm thick seedling soil; Step 7, three-dimensional cultivation: Place the sown planting box on the three-dimensional planting frame, and use the dripping pipe for drip irrigation. The two ends of the dripping pipe are fixed on the planting box, and then the dripping pipe is connected to the main pipe; four dripping pipes are arranged in each planting box, and each dripping pipe is placed in the center of the seedling bag. Water after sowing to ensure germination; Step 8, management during the seedling stage: from one week after emergence, one week before the hottest ten days in summer, and one week before seedlings are transplanted, use microbial agents and biological pesticides to irrigate the roots three times for disease and insect pest prevention, place yellow boards on the ridges to control pests, apply topdressing during the growth peak period, and remove dead branches and leaves in time after seedlings are transplanted; Step 9, Transplanting: After American ginseng is planted in a three-dimensional nursery box for two years, it is transplanted to the field in early November and planted for another two years. When transplanting, the roots of the ginseng need to be treated with microbial agents; Step 10, post-transplantation management: field management after transplantation is the same as step 8 until the American ginseng is harvested; In step 8, the microbial agents are methylotrophic Bacillus LW6 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; the biological pesticides are 10% active ingredient content of polymyxin B diluted 3000 times, and 8% active ingredient content of ningnanmycin B diluted 800 times.

2. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the specific steps of coating the seeds are as follows: The seed coating agent Siloxi and the insecticide Imidacloprid were used to coat the cleaned open seeds; 10 mL of Siloxi and 10 g of Imidacloprid were mixed and diluted 50 times, and mixed with 2.5 kg of American ginseng seeds for seed coating. The coated seeds were placed in a 4°C refrigerator and taken out for subsequent sowing.

3. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the understory soil is humus soil accumulated in the topsoil layer under the local forest. Stones, branches and leaves in the soil are removed during planting. The organic fertilizer is mainly fully fermented and decomposed chicken manure, and the matrix is ​​pure coconut bran material.

4. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6, when sowing, the American ginseng seeds should be covered with soil immediately after sowing, and the seeds that are not sown on the same day should be stored in a refrigerator at 4°C.

5. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional planting frame used in step 7 includes an A-type steel support, which is 20m long, 0.6m wide and 1.2m high. Three layers of 40cm wide bearing nets are laid on the A-type steel support to carry the seedling boxes. The height between each layer of the bearing net is set to 40cm. It is installed in the greenhouse. A ground film is laid under the A-type steel support to collect excess fertilizer and water for recycling and reuse. The supports are arranged in a single row with a row spacing of 60~70cm.

6. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling the continuous cropping obstacle of American ginseng according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dripping pipe used in step 7 has a diameter of 1.6 mm, a dripping hole spacing of 10 cm, a dripping hole diameter of 0.2 mm, and a dripping flow rate of 1.5 to 2.0 L / h.

7. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 7, during three-dimensional planting, a soil temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the seedling bag, and the soil temperature and humidity sensor is connected to the main console. The main console sets a 50% value according to the soil moisture content for automatic watering, or controls the main console for watering through a remote operation device. The watering time is once in the morning and evening in summer, once at noon in winter, and once in the evening at other times.

8. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 9, the field soil needs to be treated before transplanting. The specific operation of soil treatment is as follows: Use 98% dazomethane microgranules at 100g / m 2 Sprinkle the amount evenly on the surface of the soil to be treated, and use a rotary tiller to till the soil 3 times to ensure that the particles are evenly dispersed in the soil. The tillage depth should be above 20 cm. Spray the soil after tillage with appropriate water to keep the soil moisture at 50%, and then cover it with black mulch for fumigation. After 1 month, lift the mulch and dry it for 3 weeks. After drying, apply organic fertilizer and actinomycetes. The organic fertilizer is disinfected according to step 4. After the treated organic fertilizer is cooled, mix it with actinomycetes in proportion. The organic fertilizer is applied at 0.75 kg / m², and 200 g of actinomycetes are added for every 40 kg of organic fertilizer. Sprinkle the mixed organic fertilizer and actinomycetes on the soil surface for deep tillage. One month later, use it to transplant American ginseng.

9. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 9, when transplanting, the specific operation of processing the ginseng roots is as follows: Take out the American ginseng planted in the nursery box for two years from the bag, remove the soil on the surface of the ginseng roots, dilute it 2000 times with Walter Keuve, soak it for 30 minutes, take it out and drain the water; then dilute it 3000 times with Lufuda nematicide, soak it for 50 minutes, take it out and drain the water; then dilute it 500 times with Celexa, soak it for 20 minutes, take it out and drain the water; finally dilute it 500 times with the microbial agent Dr-PGPR, dip the roots and transplant it.

Images