A soft rock large deformation tunnel construction telescopic steel frame and a use method thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a telescopic steel frame for soft rock large deformation tunnel construction and a using method thereof, which comprises a workbench, the workbench is arranged as a box-shaped structure with an opening at the top, a group of electric telescopic rods are uniformly arranged on the lower side of the workbench, universal wheels are arranged at the lower ends of the electric telescopic rods, a pair of sliding grooves are arranged on the side walls of the top of the workbench, a pair of recesses are arranged on the inner side of the top of the workbench, cover plates are slidably connected in the sliding grooves, handles are fixedly connected to the lower sides of the cover plates, the height of the workbench is adjusted through the electric telescopic rods, which is convenient for workers to operate, when a collapse accident occurs, the workers can hide in the workbench according to the situation, and the opening at the top of the workbench is closed by pulling a pair of cover plates together through the handles, so that a closed space is formed, which plays a protective role and prevents the workers from being injured by the collapsed surrounding rock, thereby improving the survival probability of the workers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically a telescopic steel frame for large deformation tunnel construction in soft rock and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel construction, various auxiliary equipment is often needed, such as telescopic steel frames with work platforms. By controlling the telescopic structure, workers can move up and down in the vertical direction to carry out construction work at different heights, thereby improving the efficiency of tunnel construction.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN217270210U discloses a retractable steel frame for tunnel construction. The key technical features are: a first support plate and a second support plate slidably connected thereto; two sets of racks at the bottom of the second support plate; two sets of mounting seats and a mounting frame at the bottom of the first support plate; a set of mounting rods passing through the two sets of mounting seats; transmission gears at both ends of the mounting rods meshing with the racks; and worm gears on the mounting rods. A worm gear meshing with the worm wheel is provided between the first support plate and the mounting frame. Both ends of the worm gear have transmission shafts. One set of transmission shafts passes through a mounting hole in the first support plate and slidably engages with a through slot in the second support plate. The other set of transmission shafts passes through the mounting frame. One end of one set of transmission shafts has a detachable first handwheel, and one end of the other set of transmission shafts has a second handwheel. In use, the first and second support plates are unobstructed, facilitating worker passage and minimizing interference with other construction work.

[0004] Regarding the above and existing related technologies, the inventors believe that the following defects often exist: In the use of existing telescopic steel frames, due to the looser structure of soft rock tunnels with large deformation, the probability of collapse of the weak surrounding rock at the top of the tunnel is higher. In addition, since the workers are located at a high position on the steel frame, it would take a long time for the workers to climb down from the high position of the steel frame in the event of a collapse, which is not conducive to emergency escape and personal safety cannot be guaranteed.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a telescopic steel frame for the construction of tunnels with large deformation in soft rock and its method of use. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: A retractable steel frame for soft rock tunnel construction with large deformation, comprising a work platform; the work platform is configured as a box-shaped structure with an opening at the top; a set of electric telescopic rods are evenly distributed on the lower side of the work platform; universal wheels are provided at the lower ends of the electric telescopic rods; a pair of sliding grooves are provided on the top sidewall of the work platform; a pair of grooves are provided on the inner side of the top of the work platform; cover plates are slidably connected inside each sliding groove, and the two sides of the cover plates are slidably connected inside the grooves; handles are fixedly connected to the lower side of the cover plates; in the prior art, during the use of retractable steel frames, due to the looser structure of soft rock tunnels with large deformation, the tunnel top... The weak surrounding rock has a higher probability of collapse, and the workers are located high up on the steel frame. In the event of a collapse, it would take a long time for the workers to climb down from the top of the steel frame, which would hinder emergency escape and compromise their personal safety. In this invention, the retractable steel frame allows the height of the work platform to be adjusted via an electric telescopic rod, facilitating worker operations. In the event of a collapse, workers can take refuge inside the work platform (crouching or lying down) and close the opening at the top of the platform by pulling a pair of cover plates, creating a sealed space that protects them from being injured by falling rock and increases their chances of survival. It is worth noting that workers can decide whether to take refuge inside the work platform when it is high, or climb down to escape when it is low.

[0008] Preferably, the workbench is equipped with an oxygen cylinder, an up button, and a down button; the up button and down button are used to control the extension and retraction of the electric telescopic rod; after the cover is closed, the air in the sealed space inside the workbench is limited, and the worker can breathe oxygen through the oxygen cylinder while trapped. Setting the up button and down button inside the workbench makes it easy to operate and improves work efficiency. Moreover, after the worker hides inside the workbench, he can press the down button to lower the height of the workbench to the minimum, thereby lowering the center of gravity and improving the impact resistance of the workbench.

[0009] Preferably, a slot is provided on the lower side of the end of the cover plate away from the workbench; a guide groove is provided inside the side wall of the workbench below the slide groove; a card is slidably connected inside the guide groove; a spring is fixedly connected between the lower end of the card and the guide groove; adjustment windows are provided on both the inner and outer sides of the workbench near the card; a lever and a lever are respectively provided on the inner and outer sides of the card, and both levers are located inside the adjustment windows; after the cover plate is closed, the slot aligns with the card, and then the spring pushes the card into the slot, thus fixing the cover plate and preventing the cover plate from opening when the surrounding rock impacts it. After the danger is over, the worker can pull the card by lever one from inside the workbench to separate the card from the slot, thereby releasing the fixation of the cover plate. If it is difficult to operate from inside the workbench, the worker can also pull the card from the outside by lever two.

[0010] Preferably, the first lever is fixedly connected to the clamping plate; the second lever is slidably connected at its end to the inside of the first lever, and the second lever is slidably connected to the clamping plate; a second spring is fixedly connected between the second lever and the first lever; a pull rod is fixedly connected at its end, and the pull rod passes through the first lever and is slidably connected to it; after a collapse accident, there may be a large amount of fallen rock and soil around the workbench, so the movement of the second lever is easily blocked by the rock and soil, making it difficult for trapped personnel to pull down the clamping plate inside the workbench. At this time, the second lever can be pulled by the pull rod to retract the second lever into the surface of the clamping plate, and then the clamping plate can be pulled down by the lever, which can save effort and reduce the difficulty of operation.

[0011] Preferably, a set of coating holes are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the card plate above the second lever; an elastic block is fixedly connected inside the first lever; the elastic block is a hollow structure and stores lubricant inside; the elastic block and the coating holes are interconnected by a coating tube; when the second lever is pulled by the pull rod, the second lever squeezes the elastic block and squeezes out the lubricant inside the elastic block through the coating tube and the coating holes, thereby applying the lubricant to the outer surface of the card plate, reducing the friction between the card plate and the soil, further reducing the difficulty of pulling down the card plate, and preventing the soil from pressing against the surface of the card plate, which would cause difficulty in pulling down.

[0012] Preferably, a flexible strip is fixedly connected to one side of the pair of cover plates that are close to each other; by setting the flexible strip, the flexible strip can squeeze each other after the pair of cover plates are closed, thereby sealing the gap between the pair of cover plates and preventing soil and rock from entering the interior of the workbench through the gap.

[0013] Preferably, a water bladder is fixedly connected inside the flexible strip, and the water bladder stores water; a cavity is formed inside the flexible strip near the water bladder; a conical needle is fixedly connected inside the cavity, with the tip of the conical needle facing the water bladder; a guide hole is formed between the side of the flexible strip and the cavity; when a pair of flexible strips are pressed against each other, the conical needle moves towards the water bladder and punctures it, and then the water in the water bladder flows into the gap between the pair of flexible strips through the cavity and the guide hole, forming a water seal in the gap, which can isolate air and prevent toxic gases in the surrounding rock from entering the workbench through the gap after collapse.

[0014] Preferably, the cover plate has a pair of air chambers inside; a piston is slidably and sealed to the air chamber; a support plate is fixedly connected to the surface of the piston; the support plate extends into the flexible strip and is slidably connected to it, and the pair of support plates are located on both sides of the water bladder; the air chamber is filled with compressed air, and the air chamber releases pressure through a pressure relief component; under normal circumstances, the high-pressure air in the air chamber can support the piston, so that the pair of support plates are located on both sides of the water bladder and support the flexible strip, so that the flexible strip at the water bladder will not deform, preventing the water bladder from being accidentally punctured by accidentally squeezing the flexible strip during normal operation. When the worker hides inside the workbench, the air in the air chamber is released through the pressure relief component, and then the support plate can no longer support the flexible strip. Only when the pair of flexible strips squeeze each other can the water bladder be punctured.

[0015] Preferably, the pressure relief assembly includes a pressure relief hole; one end of the pressure relief hole communicates with the air chamber, and the other end extends to the surface of the cover plate; a pair of air chambers are interconnected through a connecting hole; a switching groove is provided inside the cover plate, and the pressure relief hole passes through the switching groove; a slider is slidably and sealingly connected inside the switching groove; an elastic element is fixedly connected between the slider and the switching groove; a through hole is provided inside the slider; an air cushion is fixedly connected to the surface of the handle, and the air cushion is filled with air; the air cushion and the switching groove are interconnected through a conduit; under normal circumstances, the through hole and the pressure relief hole are misaligned to block the pressure relief hole; when the operator grips the handle, the air cushion on its surface is compressed, and the air in the air cushion enters the switching groove through the conduit, pushing the slider to slide, thereby aligning the through hole and the pressure relief hole, and the high-pressure air in the air chamber is discharged outward through the pressure relief hole. This structure can automatically unlock the support plate during the closing of the cover plate.

[0016] A method for using a telescopic steel frame in soft rock tunnel construction with large deformation, the method comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1: In the event of a collapse, workers take refuge inside the workbench and close the opening at the top of the workbench by pulling a pair of cover plates to form a sealed space.

[0018] S2: After the cover plate is closed, the slot aligns with the plate, and then the spring pushes the plate into the slot to fix the cover plate.

[0019] S3: After the danger has passed, pull the card plate from inside the workbench by using the first lever, or pull the card plate from outside the workbench by using the second lever, so that the card plate is separated from the card slot and the cover plate is released from its fixation.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. The present invention relates to a telescopic steel frame for large deformation tunnel construction in soft rock and its usage method. The height of the work platform can be adjusted by an electric telescopic rod to facilitate the construction work of workers. In the event of a collapse, workers can take refuge inside the work platform (squatting or lying down) as needed, and close the opening at the top of the work platform by pulling a pair of cover plates to form a sealed space, which plays a protective role, preventing workers from being injured by the collapsing surrounding rock and increasing the workers' chances of survival.

[0022] 2. The telescopic steel frame for soft rock large deformation tunnel construction and its usage method described in this invention involves aligning the cover plate with the slot after the cover plate is closed, and then using spring one to push the cover plate into the slot to fix the cover plate and prevent the cover plate from opening when the surrounding rock impacts it. After the danger is over, the worker can pull the cover plate from inside the workbench by using a lever one to separate the cover plate from the slot, thus releasing the fixation of the cover plate. If it is difficult to operate from inside the workbench, the worker can also pull the cover plate from the outside by using lever two. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the cover plate in this invention;

[0028] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of a section at point B in the middle;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Workbench; 2. Electric telescopic rod; 3. Casters; 4. Slide groove; 5. Groove; 6. Cover plate; 7. Handle; 8. Oxygen cylinder; 9. Up button; 10. Down button; 11. Slot; 12. Guide groove; 13. Plate; 14. Spring 1; 15. Adjustment window; 16. Pulley 1; 17. Pulley 2; 18. Spring 2; 19. Pull rod; 20. Coating hole; 21. Elastic block; 22. Coating tube; 23. Flexible strip; 24. Water bladder; 25. Cavity; 26. Conical needle; 27. Guide hole; 28. Air chamber; 29. ​​Piston; 30. Support plate; 31. Pressure relief hole; 32. Connecting hole; 33. Switching groove; 34. Slider; 35. Elastic element; 36. Through hole; 37. Air cushion; 38. Conduit. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a telescopic steel frame for constructing a soft rock tunnel with large deformation includes a work platform 1; the work platform 1 is configured as a box-shaped structure with an opening at the top; a set of electric telescopic rods 2 are evenly distributed on the lower side of the work platform 1; universal wheels 3 are provided at the lower end of the electric telescopic rods 2; a pair of sliding grooves 4 are provided on the top side wall of the work platform 1; a pair of grooves 5 are provided on the inner side of the top of the work platform 1; cover plates 6 are slidably connected inside the sliding grooves 4, and the two sides of the cover plates 6 are slidably connected inside the grooves 5; handles 7 are fixedly connected to the lower side of the cover plates 6; in the prior art, during the use of telescopic steel frames, due to the looser structure of soft rock tunnels with large deformation, the soft rock at the top of the tunnel... The probability of collapse is higher in areas with weak surrounding rock, and since workers are located high up on the steel frame, it would take a long time for them to climb down in the event of a collapse, hindering emergency escape and compromising personal safety. In this invention, the retractable steel frame allows for height adjustment of the work platform 1 via an electric telescopic rod 2, facilitating worker operations. In the event of a collapse, workers can take refuge inside the work platform 1 (crouching or lying down) and close the opening at the top of the work platform 1 by pulling a pair of cover plates 6 using handle 7, creating a sealed space that protects workers from being injured by falling surrounding rock and increases their chances of survival. It is worth noting that workers can choose to retreat inside the work platform 1 when it is at a higher position, or climb down to escape when it is at a lower position.

[0034] The workbench 1 is equipped with an oxygen cylinder 8, an up button 9, and a down button 10. The up button 9 and down button 10 are used to control the extension and retraction of the electric telescopic rod 2. After the cover plate 6 is closed, the air in the sealed space inside the workbench 1 is limited. During the period when the worker is trapped, he can breathe oxygen through the oxygen cylinder 8. The placement of the up button 9 and down button 10 inside the workbench 1 facilitates operation and improves work efficiency. Moreover, after the worker hides inside the workbench 1, he can press the down button 10 to lower the height of the workbench 1 to the minimum, thereby lowering the center of gravity and improving the impact resistance of the workbench 1.

[0035] A slot 11 is provided on the lower side of the end of the cover plate 6 away from the workbench 1; a guide groove 12 is provided inside the side wall of the workbench 1 below the slide groove 4; a retaining plate 13 is slidably connected inside the guide groove 12; a spring 14 is fixedly connected between the lower end of the retaining plate 13 and the guide groove 12; adjustment windows 15 are provided on both the inner and outer sides of the workbench 1 near the retaining plate 13; a first lever 16 and a second lever 17 are respectively provided on the inner and outer sides of the retaining plate 13, and both the first lever 16 and the second lever 17 are located inside the adjustment windows 15. After the cover plate 6 is closed, the slot 11 and the plate 13 are aligned. Then, the spring 14 pushes the plate 13 into the slot 11 to fix the cover plate 6 and prevent the cover plate 6 from opening when the surrounding rock impacts it. After the danger is over, the workers can pull down the plate 13 from inside the workbench 1 by using the lever 16 to separate the plate 13 from the slot 11 and release the fixation of the cover plate 6. If it is difficult to operate from inside the workbench 1, external personnel can also pull down the plate 13 from the outside by using the lever 2 17.

[0036] The first lever 16 is fixedly connected to the clamping plate 13; the end of the second lever 17 is slidably connected to the inside of the first lever 16, and the second lever 17 is slidably connected to the clamping plate 13; a second spring 18 is fixedly connected between the second lever 17 and the first lever 16; a pull rod 19 is fixedly connected to the end of the second lever 17, and the pull rod 19 passes through the first lever 16 and is slidably connected to it; after the collapse accident, there may be a large amount of fallen rock and soil around the workbench 1, so the movement of the second lever 17 is easily blocked by the rock and soil, making it difficult for trapped personnel to pull down the clamping plate 13 inside the workbench 1. At this time, the second lever 17 can be pulled by the pull rod 19 to retract the second lever 17 into the surface of the clamping plate 13, and then the clamping plate 13 can be pulled down by the first lever 16 with less effort, reducing the difficulty of operation.

[0037] A set of coating holes 20 are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the card plate 13 above the second lever 17; an elastic block 21 is fixedly connected inside the first lever 16; the elastic block 21 is a hollow structure and stores lubricant inside; the elastic block 21 and the coating holes 20 are interconnected by a coating tube 22; when the second lever 17 is pulled by the pull rod 19, the second lever 17 squeezes the elastic block 21 and squeezes out the lubricant inside the elastic block 21 through the coating tube 22 and the coating holes 20, thereby applying the lubricant to the outer surface of the card plate 13, reducing the friction between the card plate 13 and the soil, further reducing the difficulty of pulling down the card plate 13, and preventing the soil from pressing against the surface of the card plate 13, which would cause difficulty in pulling down.

[0038] A flexible strip 23 is fixedly connected to one side of the pair of cover plates 6 that are close to each other. By setting the flexible strip 23, the flexible strip 23 can squeeze each other after the pair of cover plates 6 are closed, thereby sealing the gap between the pair of cover plates 6 and preventing soil and rock from entering the interior of the workbench 1 through the gap.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] like Figures 4 to 5 As shown in the comparative embodiment one, another embodiment of the present invention is as follows: a water bladder 24 is fixedly connected inside the flexible strip 23, and the water bladder 24 stores water; a cavity 25 is formed inside the flexible strip 23 near the water bladder 24; a conical needle 26 is fixedly connected inside the cavity 25, and the tip of the conical needle 26 faces the water bladder 24; a guide hole 27 is formed between the side of the flexible strip 23 and the cavity 25; when a pair of flexible strips 23 are squeezed against each other, the conical needle 26 moves toward the water bladder 24 and punctures the water bladder 24, and then the water in the water bladder 24 flows into the gap between the pair of flexible strips 23 through the cavity 25 and the guide hole 27, forming a water seal in the gap, which can isolate air and prevent toxic gases in the surrounding rock from entering the workbench 1 through the gap after collapse.

[0041] The cover plate 6 has a pair of air chambers 28 inside; a piston 29 is slidably and sealed inside the air chambers 28; a support plate 30 is fixedly connected to the surface of the piston 29; the support plate 30 extends into the flexible strip 23 and is slidably connected to it, and the pair of support plates 30 are located on both sides of the water bladder 24; the air chambers 28 are filled with compressed air, and the air chambers 28 release pressure through a pressure relief assembly; under normal circumstances, the high-pressure air in the air chambers 28 can support the piston 29, so that the pair of support plates 30 are located on both sides of the water bladder 24 and support the flexible strip 23, so the flexible strip 23 at the water bladder 24 will not deform, preventing the water bladder 24 from being accidentally punctured by the flexible strip 23 during normal operation. When the worker hides inside the workbench 1, the air in the air chambers 28 is released through the pressure relief assembly, and then the support plate 30 can no longer support the flexible strip 23. Only when the pair of flexible strips 23 squeeze each other can the water bladder 24 be punctured.

[0042] The pressure relief assembly includes a pressure relief hole 31; one end of the pressure relief hole 31 communicates with the air chamber 28, and the other end extends to the surface of the cover plate 6; a pair of air chambers 28 are interconnected through a connecting hole 32; a switching groove 33 is provided inside the cover plate 6, and the pressure relief hole 31 passes through the switching groove 33; a slider 34 is slidably and sealingly connected inside the switching groove 33; an elastic element 35 is fixedly connected between the slider 34 and the switching groove 33; a through hole 36 is provided inside the slider 34; an air cushion 37 is fixedly connected to the surface of the handle 7, and the air cushion 37 is filled with air. The air cushion 37 and the switching groove 33 are interconnected by a conduit 38. Under normal circumstances, the through hole 36 and the pressure relief hole 31 are misaligned to block the pressure relief hole 31. When the operator holds the handle 7, the air cushion 37 on its surface is squeezed, and the air in the air cushion 37 enters the switching groove 33 through the conduit 38, pushing the slider 34 to slide. Then the through hole 36 and the pressure relief hole 31 are aligned, and the high-pressure air in the air chamber 28 is discharged outward through the pressure relief hole 31. This structure can automatically unlock the support plate 30 during the closing of the cover plate 6.

[0043] like Figure 6 As shown, a method for using a telescopic steel frame in soft rock tunnel construction with large deformation is described. The method, employing the aforementioned telescopic steel frame, includes the following steps:

[0044] S1: When a collapse occurs, the staff take shelter inside the workbench 1 and pull the handle 7 to close a pair of cover plates 6, thus closing the opening at the top of the workbench 1 and forming a sealed space.

[0045] S2: After the cover plate 6 is closed, the slot 11 is aligned with the plate 13, and then the spring 14 pushes the plate 13 into the slot 11 to fix the cover plate 6.

[0046] S3: After the danger is eliminated, pull down the card plate 13 inside the workbench 1 by using the first toggle block 16, or pull down the card plate 13 outside the workbench 1 by using the second toggle block 17, so that the card plate 13 is separated from the card slot 11, thereby releasing the fixation of the cover plate 6.

[0047] Working principle: The height of the work platform 1 is adjusted by the electric telescopic rod 2 to facilitate construction work. In the event of a collapse, workers can take refuge inside the work platform 1 (crouching or lying down) and close the opening at the top of the work platform 1 by pulling the handle 7, forming a sealed space to protect workers from being injured by falling rocks and increasing their chances of survival. Since the air is limited in the sealed space inside the work platform 1 after the cover 6 is closed, workers can breathe oxygen through the oxygen cylinder 8 while trapped. The upward and downward buttons 9 and 10 are located inside the work platform 1 for easy operation and improved work efficiency. After the worker takes cover inside the workbench 1, they can press the descent button 10 to lower the height of the workbench 1 to its lowest point, thereby lowering the center of gravity and improving the impact resistance of the workbench 1. After the cover plate 6 is closed, the slot 11 aligns with the plate 13, and then the spring 14 pushes the plate 13 into the slot 11, thus fixing the cover plate 6 and preventing it from opening when the surrounding rock impacts it. After the danger has passed, the worker can pull down the plate 13 from inside the workbench 1 using the lever 16 to separate the plate 13 from the slot 11, thus releasing the fixation of the cover plate 6. If this is difficult to do from inside the workbench 1, an external person can also pull down the lever 17 from the outside. After the collapse, there may be a large amount of fallen rock and soil around the workbench 1. Therefore, the movement of the second lever 17 is easily blocked by the rock and soil, making it difficult for trapped personnel to pull down the clamping plate 13 inside the workbench 1. At this time, the second lever 17 can be pulled by the pull rod 19 to retract the second lever 17 into the surface of the clamping plate 13. Then, pulling down the clamping plate 13 by the first lever 16 will be easier and reduce the difficulty of operation. When the second lever 17 is pulled by the pull rod 19, the second lever 17 squeezes the elastic block 21 and squeezes out the lubricant inside the elastic block 21 through the coating tube 22 and the coating hole 20, thereby applying the lubricant to the outer surface of the clamping plate 13 and reducing the pressure between the clamping plate 13 and the rock and soil. Friction further reduces the difficulty of pulling down the card plate 13, preventing the problem of rock and soil pressing against the surface of the card plate 13 and causing difficulty in pulling down; by setting flexible strips 23, after a pair of cover plates 6 are closed, the flexible strips 23 can squeeze each other, thereby sealing the gap between the pair of cover plates 6 and preventing rock and soil from entering the interior of the workbench 1 through the gap; when a pair of flexible strips 23 squeeze each other, the conical needle 26 moves toward the water bag 24 and punctures the water bag 24, and then the water in the water bag 24 flows into the gap between the pair of flexible strips 23 through the cavity 25 and the guide hole 27, forming a water seal in the gap, which can isolate the air and prevent toxic gases in the surrounding rock from entering the interior of the workbench 1 through the gap after the collapse;Under normal circumstances, the high-pressure air in the air chamber 28 can support the piston 29, so that a pair of support plates 30 are located on both sides of the water bladder 24 and support the flexible strip 23. Therefore, the flexible strip 23 at the water bladder 24 will not deform, preventing the water bladder 24 from being accidentally punctured due to the squeezing of the flexible strip 23 during normal operation. When the operator hides inside the workbench 1, the air in the air chamber 28 is released through the pressure relief component, and the support plate 30 can no longer support the flexible strip 23. Only when the pair of flexible strips 23 squeeze each other can the water bladder 24 be punctured. Under normal circumstances, the through hole 36 is misaligned with the pressure relief hole 31 to block the pressure relief hole 31. When the operator holds the handle 7, the air cushion 37 on its surface is squeezed, and the air in the air cushion 37 enters the switching groove 33 through the conduit 38, pushing the slider 34 to slide. Then the through hole 36 is aligned with the pressure relief hole 31, and the high-pressure air in the air chamber 28 is discharged outward through the pressure relief hole 31. This structure can automatically unlock the support plate 30 during the closing of the cover plate 6. ;

[0048] The terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "top," and "bottom" all refer to the figures in the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 Based on the perspective of the observer, the side of the device facing the observer is defined as the front, the left side of the observer is defined as the left, and so on.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0050] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A telescopic steel frame for tunnel construction in soft rock with large deformation, characterized in that: Includes a workbench (1); the workbench (1) is a box-shaped structure with an opening at the top; a set of electric telescopic rods (2) are evenly distributed on the lower side of the workbench (1); universal wheels (3) are provided at the lower end of the electric telescopic rods (2); a pair of sliding grooves (4) are provided on the top side wall of the workbench (1); a pair of grooves (5) are provided on the inner side of the top of the workbench (1); a cover plate (6) is slidably connected inside the sliding grooves (4), and the two sides of the cover plate (6) are slidably connected inside the grooves (5); a handle (7) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the cover plate (6). A slot (11) is provided on the lower side of the end of the cover plate (6) away from the workbench (1); a guide groove (12) is provided inside the side wall of the workbench (1) below the slide groove (4); a card plate (13) is slidably connected inside the guide groove (12); a spring (14) is fixedly connected between the lower end of the card plate (13) and the guide groove (12); an adjustment window (15) is provided on both the inner and outer sides of the workbench (1) near the card plate (13); a lever (16) and a lever (17) are respectively provided on the inner and outer sides of the card plate (13), and both lever (16) and lever (17) are located inside the adjustment window (15); A flexible strip (23) is fixedly connected to one side of the pair of cover plates (6) that are close to each other; A water bladder (24) is fixedly connected inside the flexible strip (23), and the water bladder (24) stores water; a cavity (25) is opened inside the flexible strip (23) near the water bladder (24); a conical needle (26) is fixedly connected inside the cavity (25), and the tip of the conical needle (26) faces the water bladder (24); a guide hole (27) is opened between the side of the flexible strip (23) and the cavity (25); The cover plate (6) has a pair of air chambers (28) inside; a piston (29) is slidably and sealed inside the air chamber (28); a support plate (30) is fixedly connected to the surface of the piston (29); the support plate (30) extends into the flexible strip (23) and is slidably connected thereto, and the pair of support plates (30) are located on both sides of the water bag (24); the air chamber (28) is filled with compressed air, and the air chamber (28) releases pressure through a pressure relief assembly; The pressure relief assembly includes a pressure relief hole (31); one end of the pressure relief hole (31) is connected to the air chamber (28), and the other end extends to the surface of the cover plate (6); a pair of air chambers (28) are connected to each other through a connecting hole (32); a switching groove (33) is provided inside the cover plate (6), and the pressure relief hole (31) passes through the switching groove (33); a slider (34) is slidably and sealed inside the switching groove (33); an elastic element (35) is fixedly connected between the slider (34) and the switching groove (33); a through hole (36) is provided inside the slider (34); an air cushion (37) is fixedly connected to the surface of the handle (7), and the air cushion (37) is filled with air; the air cushion (37) and the switching groove (33) are connected to each other through a conduit (38).

2. The telescopic steel frame for large deformation tunnel construction in soft rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workbench (1) is equipped with an oxygen cylinder (8), an up button (9) and a down button (10); the up button (9) and the down button (10) are used to control the extension and retraction of the electric telescopic rod (2).

3. The telescopic steel frame for large deformation tunnel construction in soft rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first toggle block (16) is fixedly connected to the plate (13); the end of the second toggle block (17) is slidably connected to the inside of the first toggle block (16), and the second toggle block (17) is slidably connected to the plate (13); a second spring (18) is fixedly connected between the second toggle block (17) and the first toggle block (16); a pull rod (19) is fixedly connected to the end of the second toggle block (17), and the pull rod (19) passes through the first toggle block (16) and is slidably connected to it.

4. The telescopic steel frame for large deformation tunnel construction in soft rock according to claim 3, characterized in that: A set of coating holes (20) are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the card plate (13) above the second dialing block (17); an elastic block (21) is fixedly connected inside the first dialing block (16); the elastic block (21) is set as a hollow structure, and the elastic block (21) stores lubricant inside; the elastic block (21) and the coating holes (20) are interconnected through a coating tube (22).

5. A method for using a telescopic steel frame for constructing tunnels with large deformation in soft rock, the method employing the telescopic steel frame for constructing tunnels with large deformation in soft rock as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: When a collapse occurs, the staff hide inside the workbench (1) and pull a pair of cover plates (6) with the handle (7) to close the opening at the top of the workbench (1) and form a closed space. S2: After the cover plate (6) is closed, the slot (11) is aligned with the plate (13), and then the spring (14) pushes the plate (13) into the slot (11) to fix the cover plate (6); S3: After the danger is cleared, pull down the card plate (13) inside the workbench (1) by using the first toggle block (16), or pull down the card plate (13) outside the workbench (1) by using the second toggle block (17), so that the card plate (13) is separated from the card slot (11), and the fixation of the cover plate (6) can be released.

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