A safe time fuse with fixed powder for smoke canisters and grenades

Abstract

The present invention discloses a safe, time-controlled, gunpowder-loaded fuze for smoke canisters and hand grenades. The fuze comprises a main body, a firing mechanism and its safety mechanism, a safety and release explosion-proof mechanism, a time-setting mechanism, and a firing tube. The firing mechanism's safety mechanism and time-setting mechanism each rely on separate manual actions to release the safety and constitute a redundant fuse. The horizontal rotor in the safety and release explosion-proof mechanism and the vertical rotor in the time-setting mechanism together constitute the fuze's explosion-proof system. The time-setting mechanism can be manually switched between short-delay and long-delay settings. The fuze of the present invention has a simple structure, fully utilizes the fuze space, and possesses explosion-proof, redundant safety, delayed-release explosion-proof, and fire-proof properties, ensuring the safety of fuze handling, use, and explosives disposal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fuzes, and in particular relates to a safe time fuze capable of being loaded with fixed gunpowder and used for smoke canisters and hand grenades. Background Art

[0002] Hand grenades can be used not only for killing and explosive purposes in general offensive and defensive positions, but can also be used in complex terrain such as mountains, jungles, trenches, and dugouts to destroy enemy armored vehicles and light permanent field fortifications. Smoke canisters are primarily used for signaling, shielding, crowd control, or riot control, as well as to confuse the enemy and burn their facilities. Unlike barrel-fired ammunition, smoke canisters and hand grenades, as individual portable throwable munitions, lack the launch and ballistic environments to exploit, and their use is complex. Smoke canisters and hand grenades rely on soldier-operated fuzes to switch from a safe state to a ready state. Therefore, ensuring the safety of smoke canister and hand grenade fuzes in both service and use is crucial. Smoke canisters typically use ignition fuzes, such as the US M201A, while hand grenades typically use detonating fuzes, such as the US M213 and M228.

[0003] Existing time-delayed fuses for smoke canisters and hand grenades employ a single, fixed delay mode, which, in practice, limits operational flexibility when targeting targets at varying distances. This is particularly true for hand-thrown riot control grenades, which require a long reaction time when deployed at close range, making them susceptible to being picked up and thrown back, potentially causing harm to personnel. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop smoke canister and hand grenade fuzes that are highly secure and can be configured with a delay time tailored to tactical objectives.

[0004] The grenade fuzes disclosed in Swiss patents CH74859A and CH76390A, and US patent US3705552A, lack explosion-proof and settable features. The German grenade fuze MD82 and the grenade fuze disclosed in US patent US7712419B1, while explosion-proof, have only one safety and cannot set the delay time.

[0005] The grenade fuze invention disclosed in Chinese Patent 202110832068.6 has a similar purpose to the present invention. However, the grenade fuze invented therein has the following three problems:

[0006] (1) Although it has an explosion-proof function, it does not meet the redundant safety requirement stipulated in GJB3194-1998 "Design Guidelines for the Safety of Manually Deployed Weapons": "Rotate the pull ring 3-7 counterclockwise and pull it outward, pull out the safety pin 3-5 and bring out the cotter pin 3-6." The "actions" of "pulling out the safety pin" and "bringing out the cotter pin" are linked together and are not independent;

[0007] (2) The first delay powder body 4-6 and the second delay powder body 4-7 are not designed with a sufficiently large air chamber, and there is no space to add an air chamber, so their combustion stability and delay accuracy are difficult to ensure;

[0008] (3) The second explosion transmission channel 5-8 is an open structure, which not only makes the fuze lose its sealing performance, but also in the event of accidental ignition of the output detonator 4-5, its high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous products will bypass the horizontal rotor explosion-proof parts and directly escape from the explosion transmission channel 5-8 and enter the main charge chamber of the warhead, igniting or detonating the charged agent, causing an accident. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a safe time fuse capable of being loaded with fixed gunpowder for use with smoke canisters and hand grenades, which has a simple structure, a small size and a high delay accuracy.

[0010] The technical solution to achieve the objectives of the present invention is a safety-type, chargeable powder time fuze for smoke canisters and hand grenades, comprising a main body, a firing mechanism, a safety mechanism for the firing mechanism, a safety and release explosion-proof mechanism, a time setting mechanism, and a firing tube. The main body is provided with a non-coaxial five-step through hole, the diameter of which decreases and then increases. From top to bottom, the diameter is sequentially arranged as the first-step hole, the second-step hole, the third-step hole, the fourth-step hole, and the fifth-step hole. A portion of the firing mechanism, the safety and release explosion-proof mechanism, the time setting mechanism, and the firing tube are sequentially arranged within the five-step non-coaxial through hole of the main body. The time setting mechanism occupies both the third-step hole and the fourth-step hole. The firing mechanism comprises a main body, a percussion cap seat, a striker cap, a flap, a striker mounted on the flap, and a first torsion spring. The safety mechanism of the firing mechanism comprises a main body, a flap, a cotter pin, a pull ring, a handle, and a safety pin for locking the handle. The percussion cap seat of the firing mechanism is located within the first-step hole of the main body and is secured to the main body by a latch. The percussion cap seat has two groups of second-step through holes with decreasing diameters from top to bottom. The first group of through holes are the sixth-step holes and the seventh-step holes from top to bottom. The input end of the percussion cap is arranged outward in the sixth-step hole and is fixed to the percussion cap seat by spot riveting. The second group of through holes are the eighth-step holes and the ninth-step holes from top to bottom. There is a blind hole at the bottom of the eighth-step hole of the percussion cap seat near the first group of stepped through holes, which is the first blind hole. The flap, hammer, rotating shaft, rotating shaft and first torsion spring are located on the outside of the main body, and the first torsion spring is sleeved on the rotating shaft. The safety and release explosion-proof mechanism has explosion-proof, redundant safety and delayed release safety functions, which are mainly realized by the horizontal rotor mechanism, specifically including the main body, horizontal rotor seat, percussion cap seat, delay powder tube, safety pin and flame delay detonator. The explosion-proof function of the time setting mechanism also belongs to the safety and release explosion-proof mechanism. Among them, the horizontal rotor seat and the vertical rotor seat in the time setting mechanism are explosion-proof parts. The safety pin, secured by the delay cartridge, is a powder-mechanical safety mechanism for the horizontal rotor base, providing a delayed release and explosion-proof function. During the throw, manually operated flaps are released, and the striker strikes the percussion cap. The percussion cap ignites, igniting the delay cartridge, releasing the safety. The safety pin, secured by a spring and cover plate via a stop pin, is a mechanical safety mechanism that is manually pressed and then rotated to release the safety. This mechanism, referred to as the push-and-turn safety mechanism, is released simultaneously with the timing set before the throw. This mechanism can be used even if the vertical rotor base rotates 45° forward or backward, aligning the insensitive delay cartridge or insensitive detonator with the axis of the fuze, the firing tube, or the axis of the flame-delay detonator in the upright position. The powder-mechanical and press-and-turn safety mechanisms constitute redundant safety features of the fuze, each of which is manually released. The release of the powder-mechanical safety mechanism ultimately originates from removing the cotter pin, pulling out the safety pin with the pull ring, and releasing the striker by releasing the grip before the throw. The explosion-proof mechanism of the fuze specifically includes a body, a percussion cap seat, a horizontal rotor seat, a flame delay detonator, a second torsion spring, and also includes a vertical rotor seat, a spring, an insensitive delay tube and an insensitive detonator tube.The fuze powder-mechanical safety mechanism includes a main body, a horizontal rotor seat, a safety pin, a delay cartridge, a percussion cap, a percussion cap seat, a rotating shaft, a striker, a flap, and a first torsion spring. The fuze press-rotation safety mechanism specifically includes a main body, a cover plate, a vertical rotor seat, a spring, and a limit pin 11, wherein the limit pin 11 is bonded and fixed to the vertical rotor seat 73. The fuze delay release explosion-proof mechanism mainly includes a main body, a safety pin, a delay cartridge, a horizontal rotor seat, a percussion cap, a percussion cap seat, a rotating shaft, a striker, a flap, and a first torsion spring. The horizontal rotor includes a delay cartridge, a flame delay detonator, a horizontal rotor seat, and a safety pin. The horizontal rotor seat is primarily a rotating body, with a first cylinder, a second cylinder, and a third cylinder arranged from top to bottom. A radial groove is cut downward on the top surface of the first cylinder of the horizontal rotor seat. The second torsion spring is sheathed around the first cylinder of the horizontal rotor seat, with its outer end snapping into the radial groove on the first cylinder of the horizontal rotor seat and its inner end inserted into the first blind hole of the percussion cap seat. The second cylindrical end surface of the horizontal rotor base is downwardly defined by a second-order through hole, a first-order blind hole, and a U-shaped slot, each with successively increasing diameters. The horizontal rotor base has an arcuate fire transfer slot between the second-order through hole, the first-order blind hole, and the U-shaped slot. A straight slot is also radially defined, connecting to the first-order blind hole. The second-order through hole is followed, from top to bottom, by the tenth-order hole and the eleventh-order hole. The flame-delay detonator is positioned with its input end facing upward within the eleventh-order hole and secured to the horizontal rotor base via spot rivets. The main body has a blind hole below the flame-delay detonator for explosion venting, facilitating explosion-proof safety. The delay charge cartridge is positioned with its input end facing upward within the first-order blind hole of the horizontal rotor base and secured to the horizontal rotor base via spot rivets. A safety pin is positioned within the straight slot, with its hemispherical head extending beyond the horizontal rotor base and entering the arcuate slot of the main body, thereby locking the horizontal rotor base. A transverse blind hole, the second blind hole, is radially defined between the third-order and fourth-order holes of the main body. The vertical rotor is positioned within the second blind hole. The vertical rotor consists of a desensitized delay tube, a desensitized igniter tube, a vertical rotor base, and a stop pin. The vertical rotor base is roughly a two-step cylinder, with the smaller end located outside the second blind hole in the main body and the larger end located within it. A coaxial third blind hole is defined on the larger end face, with the inner end face of the third blind hole pressing against a spring. The vertical rotor base has two radial through holes near the bottom of the third blind hole: the 12th and 13th step holes. The desensitized delay tube is located within the 12th step hole and secured by point riveting. The vertical rotor base also has another through hole, the 14th step hole, perpendicular to the central axis of the 12th step hole and in the same plane. The desensitized igniter tube is divided into two identical parts, located within the 14th step hole and on either side of the desensitized delay tube, also secured by point riveting. The vertical rotor base is positioned relative to the main body via a stop pin. The cover is positioned with the body by a positioning pin, and is fastened to the body by two screws, sealing the vertical rotor seat and the vertical rotor in the second blind hole.The fire transmission tube is located in the fifth-step hole of the main body and is fixed by the main body by closing or spot riveting; the horizontal rotor seat is equipped with a delay powder tube and a gunpowder delay detonator for delayed release of explosion isolation, and the vertical rotor seat is equipped with an insensitive delay tube and an insensitive detonator. The horizontal rotor and the vertical rotor together constitute the fuze explosion isolation mechanism.

[0011] A pressure relief groove is provided on the side of the insensitive delay tube on the vertical rotor seat, and a pressure relief groove is also provided on one side of the delay powder tube and on both sides of the flame delay detonator on the horizontal rotor seat. These are used as pressure-reducing gas chambers for the combustion of the delay powder, which is conducive to the stable combustion of the delay powder and accurate timing.

[0012] The time setting mechanism primarily consists of the main body, a flame-delay detonator in the horizontal rotor, and an insensitive squib and insensitive delay tube in the vertical rotor. The flame-delay detonator has an average delay time of 1.0 to 2.0 seconds. The insensitive squib is instantaneous, and the insensitive delay tube has a delay time of 1.0 to 2.0 seconds. This allows for short-delay setting (i.e., when the vertical rotor is aligned with the insensitive squib), the average fuze action delay is primarily provided by the flame-delay detonator, averaging 1.0 to 2.0 seconds. When long-delay setting (i.e., when the vertical rotor is aligned with the insensitive delay tube), the average fuze action delay is comprised of 1.0 to 2.0 seconds from the flame-delay detonator 62 and 1.0 to 2.0 seconds from the insensitive delay tube 71, for a total average of 2.0 to 4.0 seconds.

[0013] The charges in the insensitive delay tube are all insensitive agents, including insensitive delay powder and boron / potassium nitrate ignition powder.

[0014] The charge in the insensitive detonator is also an insensitive agent, such as boron / potassium nitrate ignition powder.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) The gunpowder safety mechanism and the manual safety mechanism constitute the redundant insurance of the fuze, and the horizontal rotor and the vertical rotor together constitute the fuze explosion isolation system, which also has the delayed release explosion isolation function and good safety.

[0017] (2) The time setting mechanism can realize manual switching between short delay setting and long delay setting.

[0018] (3) The structure is simple, takes up little space and has low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a main sectional view of a safe time fuse capable of being loaded with fixed gunpowder for a smoke canister and a hand grenade according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is an AA sectional view of the safety type time fuse capable of being loaded with fixed gunpowder for use with a smoke canister and a hand grenade according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a BB cross-sectional view of a safe type time fuse capable of being loaded with fixed gunpowder for a smoke canister and a hand grenade of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a CC sectional view of the safety type time fuse capable of being loaded with fixed gunpowder for the smoke canister and grenade of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a DD sectional view of a safe time fuse capable of being loaded with fixed gunpowder for a smoke canister and a hand grenade according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 It is the F direction view of the safe type time fuse capable of being loaded with fixed gunpowder for the smoke canister and hand grenade of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a GG sectional view of the safety type time fuse capable of being loaded with fixed gunpowder for the smoke canister and grenade of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a HH sectional view of a safe time fuse capable of being loaded with fixed gunpowder for a smoke canister and a hand grenade according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a JJ sectional view of a safe time fuse capable of being loaded with fixed gunpowder for a smoke canister and a hand grenade according to the present invention.

[0028] In the figure, 1 is the body (one), 2 is the firing mechanism (one), 3 is the safety and explosion-proof release mechanism (one), 4 is the time setting mechanism (one), 5 is the fire transmission tube (one), 6 is the horizontal rotor (one), 7 is the vertical rotor (one), 8 is the second torsion spring (one), 9 is the cover (one), 10 is the positioning pin (one), 11 is the limit pin (one), 12 is the screw (several), 13 is the rotating shaft (one), 14 is the bayonet (one), 15 is the cover (one), 16 is the handle (one), 17 is the rotating shaft (one) ), 21 is the primer seat (one), 22 is the impact primer (one), 23 is the flap (one), 24 is the hammer (one), 25 is the safety pin (one), 26 is the first torsion spring (one), 27 is the cotter pin (one), 28 is the pull ring (one), 61 is the delay powder tube (one), 62 is the flame delay detonator (one), 63 is the horizontal rotor seat (one), 64 is the safety pin (one), 71 is the insensitive delay tube (one), 72 is the insensitive ignition tube (one), 73 is the vertical rotor seat (one), and 74 is the spring (one). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In this disclosure, terms such as "first," "second," and the like are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features being referenced. Therefore, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of this disclosure, "several" means at least two, such as two or three, unless otherwise specifically specified.

[0032] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; "connection" can refer to mechanical connection or electrical connection. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0033] High-level fuze designs often utilize shared components—a widely recognized principle in the field. Defining and compartmentalizing shared components can lead to functional confusion. The present invention utilizes shared components to simplify the overall structure, minimize space usage, and reduce costs.

[0034] Combine Figures 1 to 9A safety-type time-controlled fuze with adjustable gunpowder for smoke canisters and grenades comprises a main body 1, a firing mechanism 2, a safety mechanism for the firing mechanism, a safety and release explosion-proof mechanism 3, a time setting mechanism 4, a fire transmission tube 5, a fuze explosion-proof mechanism, and a fuze delayed release explosion-proof mechanism. The main body 1 is provided with a non-coaxial five-step through hole whose diameter first decreases and then increases. From top to bottom, the first-step hole, second-step hole, third-step hole, fourth-step hole, and fifth-step hole are arranged in order. The first-step hole and the second-step hole are coaxial, and the third-step hole, fourth-step hole, and fifth-step hole are coaxial. A portion of the firing mechanism 2, the safety and release explosion-proof mechanism 3, the time setting mechanism 4, and the fire transmission tube 5 are arranged in order from top to bottom within the five-step non-coaxial through hole of the main body 1. The time setting mechanism occupies both the third-step hole and the fourth-step hole. The firing mechanism 2 comprises a main body 1, a percussion cap holder 21, a percussion cap 22, a flap 23, a striker 24 mounted on the flap 23, and a first torsion spring 26. The firing mechanism's safety mechanism comprises the main body 1, the flap 23, a cotter pin 27, a pull ring 28, the handle 16, and a safety pin 25 for locking the handle 16. The percussion cap holder 21 of the firing mechanism is located within the first-step hole of the main body 1 and is secured to the main body 1 by a latch 14. The percussion cap holder 21 has two sets of second-step through holes, whose diameters decrease from top to bottom: the first set of through holes and the second set of through holes. The first set of through holes is sequentially arranged from top to bottom as the sixth and seventh step holes. The percussion cap 22 is positioned with its input end facing outward within the sixth step hole and is secured to the percussion cap holder 21 by spot riveting. The second set of through holes is sequentially arranged from top to bottom as the eighth and ninth step holes. A blind hole, the first blind hole, is located on the bottom surface of the eighth step hole of the percussion cap holder 21, near the first set of stepped through holes. The flap 23, striker 24, rotating shaft 13, swivel shaft 17, and first torsion spring 26 are located outside the main body 1, with the first torsion spring encased in the swivel shaft 17. The safety and release explosion-proof mechanism 3, which provides explosion-proofing, redundant safety, and delayed safety release functions, is primarily implemented by the horizontal rotor mechanism, specifically comprising the main body 1, horizontal rotor seat 63, percussion cap seat 21, delay cartridge 61, safety pin 64, and flame delay detonator 62. The time setting mechanism 4 also provides explosion-proofing. The horizontal rotor seat 63 and the vertical rotor seat 73 of the time setting mechanism 4 are explosion-proof components. The safety pin 64, secured by the delay cartridge 61, is a powder-mechanical safety mechanism for the horizontal rotor seat 63, providing a delayed explosion-proof release function. During the casting process, the flap 23 and striker 24 are manually released to strike the percussion cap 22. The percussion cap 22 ignites, igniting the delay cartridge 61 and releasing the safety.The safety mechanism for the vertical rotor seat 73, secured by spring 74 and cover plate 9 via stop pin 11, is a mechanical safety mechanism that is manually depressed and then rotated to release. This mechanism, referred to as the push-and-turn safety mechanism, is released simultaneously with the timing setting before throwing. This mechanism allows the vertical rotor seat 73 to rotate 45° forward or reverse around its axis, aligning the insensitive delay tube 71 or insensitive detonator tube 72 with the fuze axis, i.e., the axis of the detonator tube 5 or the axis of the flame-delay detonator 62 in the upright position. The powder-mechanical safety mechanism and the push-and-turn safety mechanism constitute redundant safety features of the fuze, each of which is manually released. The release of the powder-mechanical safety mechanism ultimately occurs by removing the cotter pin 27, pulling out the safety pin 25 with the pull ring 28, and releasing the hammer 24 by releasing the grip 16 before throwing the smoke canister or grenade. The fuze explosion-proof mechanism specifically includes a body 1, a percussion cap seat 21, a horizontal rotor seat 63, a flame-delay detonator 62, a second torsion spring 8, a vertical rotor seat 73, a spring 74, an insensitive delay tube 71, and an insensitive detonator 72. The fuze powder-mechanical safety mechanism specifically includes a body 1, a horizontal rotor seat 63, a safety pin 64, a delay tube 61, a percussion cap 22, a percussion cap seat 21, a rotating shaft 17, a striker 24, a flap 23, and a first torsion spring 26. The fuze press-rotation safety mechanism specifically includes a body 1, a cover plate 9, a vertical rotor seat 73, a spring 74, and a stop pin 11, wherein the stop pin 11 is bonded to the vertical rotor seat 73. The fuze delay-release explosion-proof mechanism primarily includes a body 1, a safety pin 64, a delay tube 61, a horizontal rotor seat 63, a percussion cap 22, a percussion cap seat 21, a rotating shaft 17, a striker 24, a flap 23, and a first torsion spring 26. The horizontal rotor 6 comprises a delay charge tube 61, a flame delay detonator 62, a horizontal rotor base 63, and a safety pin 64. The horizontal rotor base 63 is primarily a rotating body, with a first cylinder, a second cylinder, and a third cylinder arranged from top to bottom. A radial groove is cut downwardly from the top surface of the first cylinder of the horizontal rotor base 63. The second torsion spring 8 is fitted around the first cylinder of the horizontal rotor base 63, with its outer end snapping into the radial groove on the first cylinder and its inner end inserted into the first blind hole of the percussion cap base 21. The second cylindrical end of the horizontal rotor base 63 is provided downwardly with a second-stage through hole, a first-stage blind hole, and a U-shaped groove, each with successively increasing diameters. The horizontal rotor base 63 has an arc-shaped fire transfer groove between the second-stage through hole, the first-stage blind hole, and the U-shaped groove. A radially extending straight groove is also cut to connect to the first-stage blind hole. The second-stage through hole is followed, from top to bottom, by the tenth-stage hole and the eleventh-stage hole. The flame-delay detonator 62 is positioned with its input end facing upward within the eleventh-step hole and secured to the horizontal rotor base 63 via spot rivets. The main body 1 includes a blind hole below the flame-delay detonator 62 for explosion venting, thereby achieving explosion-proof safety. The delay charge tube 61 is positioned with its input end facing upward within the first-step blind hole of the horizontal rotor base 63 and secured to the horizontal rotor base 63 via spot rivets.The safety pin 64 is located within the straight slot, and its hemispherical head extends beyond the horizontal rotor seat 63 and into the arcuate slot of the main body 1, thereby locking the horizontal rotor seat 63. The main body 1 has a radially extending blind hole, designated the second blind hole, between the third and fourth step holes. The vertical rotor 7 is located within the second blind hole. The vertical rotor 7 comprises a desensitized delay tube 71, a desensitized igniter tube 72, a vertical rotor seat 73, and a retaining pin 11. The vertical rotor seat 73 has a roughly two-step cylindrical outer contour, with the smaller end located outside the second blind hole of the main body 1 and the larger end located within the second blind hole. A coaxial third blind hole is defined on the larger end face, and the inner end face of the third blind hole presses against a spring 74. Near the bottom of the third blind hole, the vertical rotor seat 73 has two radially extending through holes, designated the twelfth and thirteenth step holes. The desensitized delay tube 72 is located within the twelfth step hole and secured by point rivets at the mouth. The vertical rotor seat 73 has another through-hole, the fourteenth-step hole, perpendicular to the central axis of the twelfth-step hole and in the same plane. The insensitive detonator tube 72 is divided into two identical parts, located within the fourteenth-step hole and on either side of the insensitive delay tube 71, also secured by riveting at the mouth. The vertical rotor seat 73 is positioned by a stop pin 11 and the main body 1. The cover plate 9 is positioned with the main body 1 by a locating pin 10 and fastened to the main body 1 by two screws 12, sealing the vertical rotor seat 73 and the vertical rotor 7 within the second blind hole. The locating pin 10 is bonded to the main body 1. The detonator tube 5 is located within the fifth-step hole of the main body 1 and secured to the main body 1 by caulking or riveting. The horizontal rotor seat 63 houses the delay powder tube 61 for the delayed arming safety and the powder delay detonator 62. The vertical rotor seat 73 also houses the insensitive delay tube 71 and insensitive detonator tube 72. The horizontal rotor 6 and vertical rotor 7 together form the fuze explosion isolation mechanism.

[0035] The vertical rotor seat 73 is provided with a pressure relief groove on the side of the insensitive delay tube 71, and the horizontal rotor seat 63 is also provided with a pressure relief groove on one side of the delay powder tube 61 and on both sides of the flame delay detonator 62, which are used as a pressure reduction chamber for the combustion of the delay powder, so as to facilitate the stable combustion of the delay powder and accurate timing.

[0036] The time setting mechanism primarily consists of the main body 1, a flame-delay detonator 62 within the horizontal rotor 6, and an insensitive squib 72 and insensitive delay tube 71 within the vertical rotor 7. The flame-delay detonator 62 has an average delay time of 1.0 to 2.0 seconds. The insensitive squib 72 is instantaneous, while the insensitive delay tube 71 has a delay time of 1.0 to 2.0 seconds. This allows for short-delay setting, meaning that when the vertical rotor 7 is aligned with the insensitive squib 72, the fuze action delay is primarily provided by the flame-delay detonator 62, averaging 1.0 to 2.0 seconds. When long-delay setting is achieved, meaning that when the vertical rotor 7 is aligned with the insensitive delay tube 71, the fuze action delay includes an average of 1.0 to 2.0 seconds for the flame-delay detonator 62 and 1.0 to 2.0 seconds for the insensitive delay tube 71, for a total average of 2.0 to 4.0 seconds.

[0037] The charges in the insensitive delay tube 71 are all insensitive agents, including insensitive delay powder and boron / potassium nitrate ignition powder.

[0038] When the present invention is used for a smoke canister, it is an ignition fuse, and the ignition powder 53 can be selected from boron / potassium nitrate ignition powder; when the present invention is used for a grenade, it is a detonation fuse, and the ignition tube 5 should be changed to a detonator. The charge structure has an input end of boron / potassium nitrate and an output end of polyblack-14. Its main working principle is combustion to detonation conversion.

[0039] During the service handling phase, credible impacts and vibrations, including drops, bumps, transport vibrations, and shocks, will not alter the fuze's assembly. The specific structural principle is that the handle 16 is locked by the safety pin 25, which is in turn locked by the cotter pin 27. Simultaneously, the handle 16 depresses the flap 23 and hammer 24, preventing the percussion cap 22 from firing accidentally. If the handle 16 accidentally falls off or for other reasons, such as striking the percussion cap 22, causing accidental spontaneous ignition, the explosion-proof mechanism of the vertical rotor 7 prevents ignition of the ignition tube 5, ensuring safety during the service handling phase.

[0040] The present invention operates as follows: Firmly grip the projectile body and handle 16. First, select the long-delay or short-delay mode based on tactical objectives. This involves radially pressing the vertical rotor mount 73 to disengage the stop pin 11 from the cover plate 9, releasing the rotational constraints on the vertical rotor mount 73. Then, rotate the vertical rotor mount 73 so that the desensitized delay tube 71 or desensitized firing tube 72 aligns with the firing tube 5, thereby completing the long-delay or short-delay setting. The cotter pin 27 is then manually removed, and the safety pin 25 is then removed via the pull ring 28. The fuze is now ready for firing. Always hold the handle firmly before firing. After the projectile is released according to tactical requirements, the grip 16 separates from the projectile under the action of the first torsion spring 26, aerodynamic forces, and inertial forces, releasing the grip 16's restraints on the flap 23 and hammer 24. The first torsion spring 26 then drives the flap 23, driving the hammer 24 to strike the percussion cap 22. The percussion cap 22 ignites and simultaneously ignites the flame-delay detonator 62 and the delay cartridge 61 in the horizontal rotor mount 63. The delay cartridge 61 has a delay time of 0.5 to 1.1 seconds, while the flame-delay detonator 62 has a delay time of 1.2 to 1.8 seconds. After the delay cartridge 61 completes combustion, it transitions from solid to gaseous, freeing space for the safety pin 64 to retract radially. Subsequently, driven by the second torsion spring 8, the safety pin 64 no longer blocks the horizontal rotor 6, allowing the horizontal rotor 6 and the horizontal rotor mount 63 to rotate upright. This allows the flame-delay detonator 62 on it to align with the insensitive delay tube 71 or insensitive detonator 72 in the vertical rotor 7, disarming the fuse and placing it in a ready position. At this point, flame-delay detonator 62 has not yet ignited and exploded, with a delay of approximately 0.1 to 1.3 seconds remaining. After this 0.1 to 1.3 second delay, flame-delay detonator 62 activates, triggering either the subsequent insensitive delay tube 71 or the insensitive detonator 72, depending on the setting. If insensitive delay tube 71 is triggered, there is a delay of approximately 1.2 to 1.8 seconds. After this delay, insensitive delay tube 71 begins to burn, triggering the detonator 5. If the insensitive detonator is triggered, it activates instantly, triggering the detonator 5. This completes the fuze operation, whose action time can be set.

[0041] If the horizontal rotor 6 is accidentally misaligned, the flame-delay detonator 62 will activate in the explosion-proof position after 1.2 to 1.8 seconds. Because the flame-delay detonator 62 has a blind hole at its bottom for explosion relief, it will not ignite the insensitive detonator tube 72 or insensitive delay tube 71 in the vertical rotor 7, nor will it ignite the detonator tube 5. At this point, the fuze loses its normal detonation function and enters a fire-free state, thus ensuring the safe disposal of unexploded ordnance left by the fuze's failure to release the explosion-proof barrier.

[0042] If the striker 24 accidentally fails to fire the percussion cap 22, the energy required to fire the percussion cap 22 is relatively large, and the possibility of accidental fire is relatively small. There is no other first-firing explosive element in the fuze, so it can be considered that the fuze has entered a self-failure state, which can ensure the safety of explosive disposal of unexploded ammunition formed by the failure of the firing explosive element.

Claims

1. A safe time fuse with fixed powder for smoke canisters and grenades, characterized by: The invention comprises a main body (1), an ignition mechanism (2), a safety mechanism of the ignition mechanism, a safety and explosion-proof release mechanism (3), a time setting mechanism (4) and a fire transmission tube (5); the main body (1) is provided with a non-coaxial five-step through hole whose diameter first decreases and then increases, and is sequentially a first-step hole, a second-step hole, a third-step hole, a fourth-step hole and a fifth-step hole from top to bottom, wherein the first-step hole and the second-step hole are coaxial, and the third-step hole, the fourth-step hole and the fifth-step hole are coaxial; a part of the ignition mechanism (2), the safety and explosion-proof release mechanism (3), the time setting mechanism (4) and the fire transmission tube (5) are sequentially arranged in the five-step non-coaxial through hole of the main body (1) from top to bottom; wherein the time setting mechanism (4) simultaneously occupies the third-step hole. The firing mechanism (2) is composed of a primer seat (21), a strike primer (22), a first torsion spring (26), a flap (23) and a hammer (24) arranged on the flap (23); the safety mechanism of the firing mechanism is composed of a flap (23), a cotter pin (27), a pull ring (28), a rotating shaft (13), a rotating shaft (17), a grip (16) and a first safety pin (25) for locking the grip (16); the primer seat (21) of the firing mechanism is located in the first-step hole of the body (1) and is positioned with the body (1) by the bayonet (14); the primer seat (21) is provided with two groups of second-step through holes with diameters decreasing from top to bottom, namely the first group of through holes and the second group of through holes. The first group of through holes are the sixth step hole and the seventh step hole from top to bottom, the input end of the impact primer (22) is arranged outward in the sixth step hole and is fixed to the primer seat (21) by spot riveting; the second group of through holes are the eighth step hole and the ninth step hole from top to bottom, the bottom surface of the eighth step hole of the primer seat (21) is close to the position of the first group of stepped through holes, which is a blind hole; the flap (23), the hammer (24), the rotating shaft (13), the rotating shaft (17) and the first torsion spring (26) are located outside the body (1), wherein the first torsion spring (26) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (17); the safety and explosion-proof release mechanism (3) has explosion-proof, redundant insurance and delayed release insurance functions, and is mainly composed of a horizontal rotor (6) The horizontal rotor (6) specifically includes a horizontal rotor seat (63), a delay powder tube (61), a second safety pin (64) and a flame delay detonator (62), and the time setting mechanism (4) has an explosion-proof function; wherein the horizontal rotor seat (63) and the vertical rotor seat (73) in the time setting mechanism (4) are both explosion-proof parts; the second safety pin (64) secured by the delay powder tube (61) is a gunpowder-mechanical safety mechanism with a delayed release explosion-proof function for the horizontal rotor seat (63), and is manually operated during throwing to release the flap (23) and the hammer (24) to strike the impact cap (22), and the impact cap (22) ignites and ignites the delay powder tube (61) to release the safety;The safety mechanism of the vertical rotor seat (73) is a mechanical safety mechanism that is manually pressed and then rotated to release the safety. It is referred to as a press-rotate safety mechanism. The safety mechanism is released at the same time as the time setting before throwing. Even if the vertical rotor seat (73) rotates 45 degrees in the forward or reverse direction around the axis and the insensitive delay tube (71) or the insensitive detonator (72) coincides with the axis of the fuze, that is, the axis of the detonator (5) and the axis of the flame delay detonator (62) in the normal state; the gunpowder-mechanical safety mechanism and the press-rotate safety mechanism constitute redundant safety of the fuze, and both are released by manual action; the release action of the gunpowder-mechanical safety mechanism is ultimately derived from the throwing of a smoke canister or a grenade. Remove the cotter pin (27) before throwing, pull out the first safety pin (25) with the pull ring (28), and release the grip (16) to release the hammer (24) when throwing; the fuze explosion-proof mechanism includes a cap seat (21), a second torsion spring, a horizontal rotor (6), a vertical rotor (7), a flame delay detonator (62), a vertical rotor seat (73), a spring (74), a dull delay tube (71) and a dull detonator (72); the press-rotate safety mechanism includes a cover plate (9), a vertical rotor seat (73), a spring (74) and a limit pin (11), wherein the limit pin (11) is bonded and fixed on the vertical rotor seat (73); the main structure of the horizontal rotor seat (63) is a rotating body, and from its top to the bottom are a first cylinder, a second cylinder and a second cylinder. Three cylinders; a radial groove is opened downward on the top surface of the first cylinder of the horizontal rotor seat (63); a second torsion spring (8) is sheathed on the first cylinder of the horizontal rotor seat (63), and its outer end is stuck in the radial groove on the first cylinder of the horizontal rotor seat (63), and its inner end is inserted into the first blind hole of the primer seat (21); a second cylindrical end surface of the horizontal rotor seat (63) is respectively provided with a second-order through hole, a first-order blind hole and a U-shaped groove with increasing diameters; an arc-shaped fire transmission groove is opened between the second-order through hole, the first-order blind hole and the U-shaped groove of the horizontal rotor seat (63), and a straight groove is opened radially to communicate with the first-order blind hole, and the second-order through hole is sequentially the tenth-order hole and the eleventh-order hole from top to bottom; the flame delay detonator (62) is input The end of the delay detonator (61) is located in the eleventh-step hole with the input end facing upward and is fixed to the horizontal rotor seat (63) by spot riveting; the body (1) is provided with a blind hole below the flame delay detonator (62) for venting explosion to facilitate flameproof safety; the delay medicine tube (61) is located in the first-step blind hole of the horizontal rotor seat (63) with the input end facing upward and is fixed to the horizontal rotor seat (63) by spot riveting; the second safety pin (64) is located in the straight groove and its hemispherical head extends out of the horizontal rotor seat (63) and enters the arc groove of the body (1) to clamp the horizontal rotor seat (63); the body (1) is provided with a transverse blind hole in the radial direction between the third-step hole and the fourth-step hole, which is the second blind hole, and the vertical rotor (7) is located in the second blind hole;The vertical rotor (7) is composed of an insensitive delay tube (71), an insensitive ignition tube (72), a vertical rotor seat (73), a spring (74) and a limit pin (11); the outer contour of the vertical rotor seat (73) is a two-step cylinder, the end with a small diameter is located outside the second blind hole of the body (1), the end with a large diameter is located inside the second blind hole of the body (1), and the end face with a large diameter is provided with a coaxial third blind hole, and the inner end face of the third blind hole presses the spring (74); the vertical rotor seat (73) is provided with a two-step through hole radially near the bottom of the third blind hole, which is a twelfth-step hole and a thirteenth-step hole, and the insensitive delay tube (71) is located in the twelfth-step hole and is fixed by a mouth spot riveting method; the vertical rotor seat (73) is provided with another through hole perpendicular to the central axis of the twelfth-step hole and in the same plane, which is a fourteenth-step hole; the insensitive ignition tube (72) is divided into two identical parts, one of which is a twelfth-step hole and the other is a thirteenth-step hole. The vertical rotor seat (73) is positioned with the body (1) by the limit pin (11); the cover plate (9) is positioned with the body (1) by the positioning pin (10), and the cover plate (9) is fastened to the body (1) by two screws (12), so that the vertical rotor seat (73) and the vertical rotor (7) are blocked in the second blind hole; wherein the positioning pin (10) is bonded and fixed on the body (1); the fire transmission tube (5) is located in the fifth step hole of the body (1) and is fixed by the body (1) by closing or spot riveting; the horizontal rotor seat (63) is equipped with a delay medicine tube (61) and a flame delay detonator (62) for delaying the release of the safety, and the vertical rotor seat (73) is equipped with an insensitive delay tube (71) and an insensitive detonator (72).

2. The safety type time fuse with adjustable powder for smoke canisters and grenades according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure relief groove is provided on the side of the insensitive delay tube (71) on the vertical rotor seat (73), and a pressure relief groove is also provided on the side of the delay powder tube (61) and on both sides of the flame delay detonator (62) on the horizontal rotor seat (63), which are used as a pressure reduction chamber for the combustion of the delay powder, so as to facilitate the stable combustion of the delay powder and accurate timing.

3. The safety time fuse for smoke canisters and hand grenades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time setting mechanism (4) includes a flame delay detonator (62) in the horizontal rotor (6), an insensitive firing tube (72) and an insensitive delay tube (71) in the vertical rotor (7); the delay time of the flame delay detonator (62) is 1.0 to 2.0 s on average, the insensitive firing tube (72) is instantaneous, and the delay time of the insensitive delay tube (71) is 1.0 to 2.0 s, thereby achieving short delay setting, that is, when the vertical rotor (7) is aligned with the axis with the insensitive firing tube (72), the delay of the fuze action is mainly achieved by the flame delay detonator (62), and is 1.0 to 2.0 s on average; and when long delay setting is achieved, that is, when the vertical rotor (7) is aligned with the axis with the insensitive firing tube (71), the delay of the fuze action includes an average of 1.0 to 2.0 s of the flame delay detonator (62) and an average of 1.0 to 2.0 s of the insensitive delay tube (71), and the total is 2.0 to 4.0 s on average.

4. The safety time fuse for smoke canisters and hand grenades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charges in the insensitive delay tube (71) are all insensitive agents, including insensitive delay powder and boron / potassium nitrate ignition powder.

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