Output control device, output control method, and storage medium
By monitoring and controlling the current and potential distribution of lithium-ion batteries in real time, the problems of lithium deposition and damage to positive electrode active materials during charging and discharging are solved, achieving safe and efficient output control and improving the safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HONDA MOTOR CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-02-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing lithium-ion batteries are prone to lithium deposition on the negative electrode and damage to the structure of the positive electrode active material during charging and discharging, resulting in capacity degradation and making it difficult to achieve safe and efficient output control.
By calculating the non-uniform reaction model in the electrode thickness direction, the current and potential distribution of the lithium-ion battery are monitored and controlled in real time to prevent lithium deposition and damage to the positive electrode active material. The output control is optimized by coupling analysis using diffusion equations and equivalent circuits.
It effectively reduces the risk of lithium deposition and damage to positive electrode active materials, improves the safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries, and extends the driving range of electric vehicles.
Smart Images
Figure CN116890694B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to an output control device, an output control method, and a storage medium. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, from the perspective of climate-related disasters and in order to reduce CO2, there has been a surge of attention on electric vehicles, and the use of lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications has been studied. Lithium-ion batteries are lightweight and achieve high energy density, making them suitable as high-output power sources for automotive applications.
[0003] As the negative electrode active material in lithium-ion batteries, carbon materials such as graphite are typically used. During charging, lithium ions enter the interlayer of the carbon material, causing a potential change. However, depending on the charge and discharge conditions of the lithium-ion battery, metallic lithium sometimes precipitates in the negative electrode active material (lithium electrodeposition). It is known that when such lithium electrodeposition occurs, it leads to capacity degradation of the lithium-ion battery. Here, lithium electrodeposition refers to the deposition of lithium metal on the negative electrode surface through the electroreduction of lithium ions.
[0004] In addition, ternary cathode materials (NMC) based on Li(Ni-Co-Mn)O2 are used as positive electrode active materials in lithium-ion batteries. It is known that when using layered rock-salt type cathode materials such as ternary cathode materials as positive electrode active materials, the rock-salt structure is destroyed and becomes an irreversible reaction when the charging rate is increased by charging, i.e., more Li is extracted from the molecules. This reduces the number of usable Li sites in the cathode during charging and discharging, resulting in capacity degradation of the lithium-ion battery.
[0005] When lithium-ion batteries deteriorate, their charging or regeneration output decreases compared to when they are new, resulting in problems such as a shorter driving range for electric vehicles.
[0006] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2008-059910 discloses a control system for a lithium-ion battery configured to transmit and receive power with a load. The lithium-ion battery includes: a first electrode and a second electrode, each comprising an active material containing lithium in a solid layer; and an ion conductor disposed between the first and second electrodes for conducting ionized lithium between the electrodes. The control system comprises: a battery state estimation unit that sequentially calculates state estimation values representing the battery state according to a battery model capable of dynamically estimating the internal state of the lithium-ion battery based on detection values from sensors disposed on the lithium-ion battery; a battery information generation unit that generates battery information for charging and discharging limits of the lithium-ion battery based on the state estimation values calculated by the battery state estimation unit; and a load control unit that, based on the operational requirements of the load, considers the information generated by the battery information generation unit... The generated battery information is used to generate the load operation command in a manner that avoids overcharging and over-discharging of the lithium-ion battery. The battery state inference unit includes: a first model unit for inferring the electrochemical reaction of lithium at the interface between the active material and the ion conductor in each electrode; a second model unit for inferring the concentration distribution of lithium in each electrode based on a diffusion equation; a third model unit for inferring the ion concentration distribution of lithium in the ion conductor based on a diffusion equation; a fourth model unit for inferring the potential distribution formed according to the current distribution generated in each electrode and the ion conductor based on the reaction current in the electrochemical reaction; and a boundary condition setting unit for setting the boundary conditions at the interface of the diffusion equation used in the second model unit based on a predetermined relationship between the time derivative of the lithium concentration and the reaction current.
[0007] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2003-346919 discloses an energy storage system characterized by comprising: an energy storage device connected to one or more lithium-ion batteries; a current measuring unit that measures the current flowing into the energy storage device; a voltage measuring unit that measures the output voltage of the energy storage device; a remaining capacity calculation unit that calculates the remaining capacity of the energy storage device based on the cumulative value of the current measured by the current measuring unit or the voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit; an internal resistance calculation unit that calculates the internal resistance of the energy storage device based on the remaining capacity calculated by the remaining capacity calculation unit; and an open-circuit voltage calculation unit. The system calculates the open-circuit voltage of the energy storage device; and a main calculation unit, which calculates the dischargeable power, rechargeable power, dischargeable capacity, and rechargeable capacity of the energy storage device based on the internal resistance calculated by the internal resistance calculation unit and the open-circuit voltage calculated by the open-circuit voltage calculation unit. In addition, the open-circuit voltage calculation unit includes an ion concentration distribution calculation unit, which calculates the ion concentration distribution in the active material forming the lithium-ion battery using a diffusion equation based on the current value measured by the current value measurement unit, and calculates the open-circuit voltage of the energy storage device based on the ion concentration distribution in the active material calculated by the ion concentration distribution calculation unit.
[0008] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2014-041805 discloses a battery analysis method that analyzes the charge-discharge behavior of a lithium-ion secondary battery obtained by adding a conductive additive to the active material of at least one of the positive and negative electrodes. The method is characterized by an electrolyte existing between the active material particles of the electrode containing the conductive additive having a path for electron conduction through the conductive additive. It is assumed that electron conduction is also achieved in the isolated active material particles of that electrode. The method inputs or reads, via an input unit, battery analysis shape data related to the size and shape of the battery being analyzed, physical property data of the materials used according to the aforementioned assumption, and usage condition data regarding charge-discharge current values and times. It then executes a current density distribution calculation unit for calculating the current density distribution and an active material potential distribution calculation unit for calculating the potential distribution within the active material, thereby achieving electron conduction even in the isolated active material particles and generating an electrode reaction induced by lithium ions.
[0009] Previously, to prevent lithium deposition in the negative electrode and damage to the molecular structure of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode of lithium-ion batteries, output control of lithium-ion batteries involved setting preset limits for current and voltage, and controlling the output within these limits. These limits had a margin between the current and voltage at which the damage to the molecular structure of the positive electrode active material in the negative electrode and the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode could not be prevented. Therefore, it is difficult to say that lithium-ion rechargeable batteries can fully utilize their performance. Summary of the Invention
[0010] In recent years, it has been known that the uneven reaction caused by the difference between electronic and ionic conductivity (electronic conductivity >> ionic conductivity) within the battery is the cause of lithium deposition in the negative electrode, and the uneven reaction caused by the difference in state of charge (SOC) in the positive electrode is the cause of the destruction of the molecular structure of the positive electrode active material. However, appropriate real-time control to prevent uneven reactions in the negative and positive electrodes is still not possible.
[0011] The present invention was made in consideration of such circumstances, and one of its objectives is to provide an output control device, output control method, and storage medium that can reduce the risk of lithium deposition in the negative electrode and structural damage to the active material in the positive electrode, and to make the use of lithium-ion batteries safer.
[0012] To address the aforementioned issues and achieve the aforementioned objectives, the present invention employs the following solution.
[0013] (1): An output control device according to one aspect of the present invention includes:
[0014] The output control unit controls the output of the lithium-ion battery.
[0015] A voltage measuring unit that measures the discharge voltage of the lithium-ion battery;
[0016] The current measuring unit measures the discharge current of the lithium-ion battery; and
[0017] The arithmetic unit sends instructions to the output control unit.
[0018] The computation unit calculates the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery using a non-uniform reaction model along the electrode thickness direction, compares it with a preset upper limit current and / or lower limit potential in the negative electrode, and / or
[0019] The computation unit calculates the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery using a non-uniform reaction model along the electrode thickness direction, and compares it with a preset upper limit current and / or upper limit potential in the positive electrode.
[0020] Based on the comparison result, the arithmetic unit sends an instruction to the output control unit.
[0021] The output control unit controls the output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery based on the instructions.
[0022] (2): In the above scheme (1), the output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery can also be controlled over time.
[0023] (3): In the above scheme (1) or (2), the computing unit may calculate the distribution of current and / or potential within the electrode thickness of the negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery and / or the distribution of current and / or potential within the electrode thickness of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery by coupling and analyzing the diffusion equation and the equivalent circuit. The diffusion equation is obtained by modeling the relationship between the consumption and supply of lithium ions in the electrode liquid, and the equivalent circuit is obtained by modeling the relationship between the movement of electrons and potential in the electrode.
[0024] (4): In one aspect of the output control method of the present invention, the computer calculates the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery using a non-uniform reaction model in the thickness direction of the electrode, compares it with a preset upper limit current and / or lower limit potential in the negative electrode, and / or
[0025] The computer calculates the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the positive electrode of a lithium-ion battery using a non-uniform reaction model along the electrode thickness direction, and compares it with a pre-set upper limit current and / or upper limit potential in the positive electrode.
[0026] Based on the comparison results, the computer controls the output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery.
[0027] (5): In the above scheme (4), the computer can also control the output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery over time.
[0028] (6): In the above scheme (4) or (5), the computer can calculate the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery and / or the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery by coupling and analyzing the diffusion equation and the equivalent circuit. The diffusion equation is obtained by modeling the relationship between the consumption and supply of lithium ions in the electrode liquid, and the equivalent circuit is obtained by modeling the relationship between the movement of electrons and potential in the electrode.
[0029] (7): A storage medium of one aspect of the present invention stores a program, wherein the program causes a computer to perform the following processing:
[0030] The distribution of current and / or potential within the electrode thickness of the negative electrode of a lithium-ion battery is calculated using a non-uniform reaction model along the electrode thickness direction, and compared with preset upper and / or lower current and potential limits in the negative electrode, and / or
[0031] The distribution of current and / or potential within the electrode thickness of a lithium-ion battery's positive electrode is calculated using a non-uniform reaction model along the electrode thickness direction, and then compared with a pre-set upper limit current and / or upper limit potential in the positive electrode.
[0032] Based on the comparison results, the output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery are controlled.
[0033] (8): In the above scheme (7), the computer can control the output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery over time.
[0034] (9): In the above scheme (7) or (8), the computer can be made to calculate the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery and / or the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery by coupling the diffusion equation and the equivalent circuit. The diffusion equation is obtained by modeling the relationship between the consumption and supply of lithium ions in the electrode liquid, and the equivalent circuit is obtained by modeling the relationship between the movement of electrons and potential in the electrode.
[0035] According to the schemes in (1) to (9), lithium-ion batteries can be used more safely by reducing the risk of lithium deposition. Attached Figure Description
[0036] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating the main structural components of an output control device for a lithium-ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0037] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of an output control device for a lithium-ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0038] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the current distribution along the thickness of the electrodes in a lithium-ion battery (horizontal axis: distance, vertical axis: Faraday current).
[0039] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the potential distribution along the thickness direction of the electrodes in a lithium-ion battery (horizontal axis: distance, vertical axis: overvoltage). Detailed Implementation
[0040] Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of the output control device, output control method, and storage medium of the present invention will be described.
[0041] <Structure of the output control device>
[0042] Figure 1This is a block diagram illustrating the main structural components of an output control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the output control device 1 of this embodiment includes an output control unit 11, an arithmetic unit 12, a current measuring unit 13, and a voltage measuring unit 14. Figure 1 In the example, the output control device 1 is connected to a lithium-ion battery BAT and a main control device C, and the main control device C is connected to a main motor M. The output control device 1 supplies the power from the lithium-ion battery BAT to the main control device C while controlling the current and / or voltage within a range that does not cause lithium deposition in the negative electrode and / or structural damage to the active material in the positive electrode.
[0043] The output control unit 11 receives instructions from the arithmetic unit 12 and controls the output current and output voltage of the lithium-ion battery BAT. Specifically, the output control unit 11 controls the output voltage and output current of the lithium-ion battery BAT to decrease, or controls them to remain unchanged.
[0044] The arithmetic unit 12 integrates a processor, memory, and storage, receiving data from the current measuring unit 13 and the voltage measuring unit 14 and storing it in the storage. The processor in the arithmetic unit 12 performs the following processing: calculating the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery using a non-uniform reaction model in the electrode thickness direction, comparing it with a preset lower limit potential and / or upper limit current in the negative electrode; and / or calculating the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery using a non-uniform reaction model in the electrode thickness direction, comparing it with a preset upper limit potential and / or upper limit current in the positive electrode. Here, the preset lower limit potential and upper limit current values in the negative electrode can be the limits at which lithium deposition occurs at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Furthermore, the preset upper limit potential and upper limit current values in the positive electrode can be the limits at which irreversible structural damage occurs in the positive electrode active material. As a result of the comparison, if the current and / or potential within the electrode thickness deviates from a preset range, an output suppression control command is sent to the output control unit 11 to reduce the output voltage and output current of the lithium-ion battery BAT; if it does not deviate from the preset range, a normal control command is sent to the output control unit 11 to maintain the current state without reducing the output voltage and output current of the lithium-ion battery BAT. The control of the output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery BAT is preferably performed over time.
[0045] The computation unit 12 is preferably configured to calculate the distribution of current and / or potential within the electrode thickness of the lithium-ion battery BAT by coupling and analyzing the diffusion equation and the equivalent circuit. The diffusion equation is obtained by modeling the relationship between the consumption and supply of lithium ions in the electrode liquid of the lithium-ion battery BAT, and the equivalent circuit is obtained by modeling the relationship between the movement of electrons and potential in the electrode.
[0046] The current measuring unit 13 measures the current supplied by the lithium-ion battery BAT to the output control unit 11 of the output control device 1. The voltage measuring unit 14 measures the voltage of the lithium-ion battery BAT. As these current measuring units 13 and voltage measuring units 14, clamp meters or similar devices that measure current and voltage in a non-contact manner can be used, for example.
[0047] The main control device C is, for example, a VVVF inverter control device, and the main motor M is, for example, a squirrel-cage three-phase induction motor.
[0048] The output control unit 11 and the arithmetic unit 12 in the output control device 1 described above are implemented, for example, by executing a program (software) using a hardware processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit). Some or all of these components can also be implemented by hardware (circuit unit, including circuitry) such as LSI (Large Scale Integration), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), or through the cooperation of software and hardware. The program can also be pre-stored in a storage device such as an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or flash memory (a storage device with a non-transitory storage medium), or stored in a removable storage medium such as a DVD or CD-ROM (a non-transitory storage medium), and installed by mounting the storage medium to a drive device.
[0049] The output control device 1 described above can be mounted on a mobile body that moves via an electric motor. This mobile body also carries a lithium-ion battery (BAT) for supplying power to drive the electric motor. Furthermore, the output control device 1 mounted on the mobile body controls the output of the lithium-ion battery (BAT) mounted on the mobile body. It should be noted that the lithium-ion battery (BAT) is designed to be easily attachable and detachable from the mobile body; for example, it can be a battery pack, such as a box-type battery.
[0050] Here, the aforementioned mobile vehicle can also be a BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle) driven by an electric motor powered by electricity supplied from a lithium-ion battery (BAT). Alternatively, the aforementioned mobile vehicle can also be a PHV (Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle) or PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) that enables hybrid vehicles to have external charging capabilities. It should be noted that the mobile vehicle is not limited to four-wheeled vehicles; it can also be a two-wheeled vehicle for riding, a three-wheeled vehicle (including vehicles with two front wheels and one rear wheel in addition to the front and two rear wheels), an electric bicycle, or an electric boat, etc.
[0051] <Operation of the output control device>
[0052] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of an output control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The process shown in the flowchart is initiated, for example, by giving the output control device 1 a discharge start instruction for the lithium-ion battery BAT.
[0053] when Figure 2 When the process in the flowchart shown begins, firstly, the calculation unit 12 calculates the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the negative and / or positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery based on the data received from the current measuring unit 13 and the voltage measuring unit 14, using a non-uniform reaction model in the electrode thickness direction (step S1). Next, the calculation unit 12 compares the current and / or potential within the electrode thickness of the negative and / or positive electrode with a preset current and / or potential (step S2). Then, if the current and / or potential within the electrode thickness deviates from the preset range, the calculation unit 12 sends an output control unit 11 command to reduce the output current and / or output voltage of the lithium-ion battery BAT (output suppression control); if the current and / or potential within the electrode thickness does not deviate from the preset range, the calculation unit 12 sends an output control unit 11 command to maintain the status quo without reducing the output voltage and output current of the lithium-ion battery BAT (normal control) (step S3).
[0054] When the output control unit 11 receives an output suppression control command sent by the arithmetic unit 12 to reduce the output current and / or output voltage of the lithium-ion battery BAT, the output control unit 11 performs control to reduce the output current and / or voltage of the lithium-ion battery BAT (step S3).
[0055] When the output control unit 11 receives a command from the arithmetic unit 12 to maintain the current state without reducing the output current and / or output voltage of the lithium-ion battery BAT (normal control), the output control unit 11 performs control to maintain the current state of the output current and / or voltage of the lithium-ion battery BAT (step S4).
[0056] The output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery BAT are controlled over time. In order to prevent lithium deposition in the negative electrode and / or damage to the structure of the active material in the positive electrode, the current and / or potential within the electrode thickness are calculated in real time, and the output voltage and output current of the lithium-ion battery BAT in the output control unit 11 are controlled.
[0057] The calculation of current and / or potential within the electrode thickness in the computation unit 12 is performed by coupled analysis of the diffusion equation and the equivalent circuit. The diffusion equation is obtained by modeling the relationship between the consumption and supply of lithium ions in the electrolyte within the electrode, and the equivalent circuit is obtained by modeling the relationship between the movement of electrons and potential within the electrode.
[0058] Figure 2 The process shown in the flowchart ends, for example, by giving the output control device 1 a discharge stop instruction for the lithium-ion battery BAT (steps S5 and S6).
[0059] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the current distribution along the thickness direction of the electrodes of a lithium-ion battery calculated by the arithmetic unit of the output control device according to an embodiment of the present invention (horizontal axis: distance, vertical axis: Faraday current).
[0060] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the current distribution along the thickness direction of the electrodes of a lithium-ion battery calculated by the arithmetic unit of the output control device according to an embodiment of the present invention (horizontal axis: distance, vertical axis: overvoltage).
[0061] When reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen that the current and / or potential within the electrode thickness tend to increase over time as the lithium-ion battery discharges.
[0062] As described above, according to this embodiment, the distribution of current and / or potential within the electrode thickness of the lithium-ion battery is calculated using a non-uniform reaction model along the electrode thickness direction. This distribution is then compared to a pre-set range, and based on the comparison result, the output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery are controlled. Furthermore, the calculation of the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the lithium-ion battery is performed through coupled analysis of a diffusion equation and an equivalent circuit. The diffusion equation is obtained by modeling the relationship between the consumption and supply of lithium ions in the electrode fluid, and the equivalent circuit is obtained by modeling the relationship between the movement of electrons and potential within the electrode. This reduces the risk of lithium deposition in the negative electrode and / or structural damage to the active material in the positive electrode, resulting in safer use of the lithium-ion battery.
[0063] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the performance of lithium-ion batteries can be fully utilized and energy loss can be reduced, thus contributing to the realization of a sustainable society.
[0064] The implementation methods described above can be performed as follows.
[0065] An apparatus comprising:
[0066] A storage medium that stores computer-readable instructions; and
[0067] The processor connected to the storage medium,
[0068] The processor executes commands that can be read by the computer.
[0069] Therefore, the distribution of current and / or potential in the negative and / or positive electrodes within the electrode thickness of a lithium-ion battery can be calculated using a non-uniform reaction model along the electrode thickness direction.
[0070] Compare with a preset range of voltage and / or potential.
[0071] Based on the results of this comparison, the output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery are controlled.
[0072] The present invention has been described above using embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments in any way, and various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims
1. An output control device for a lithium-ion battery, wherein, The output control device includes: The output control unit controls the output of the lithium-ion battery. A voltage measuring unit that measures the discharge voltage of the lithium-ion battery; The current measuring unit measures the discharge current of the lithium-ion battery; and The arithmetic unit sends instructions to the output control unit. The computation unit calculates the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery using a non-uniform reaction model along the electrode thickness direction, compares it with a preset upper limit current and / or lower limit potential in the negative electrode, and / or The computation unit calculates the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery using a non-uniform reaction model along the electrode thickness direction, and compares it with a preset upper limit current and / or upper limit potential in the positive electrode. Based on the comparison result, the arithmetic unit sends an instruction to the output control unit. Based on the instructions, the output control unit controls the output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery. The non-uniform reaction model is based on the non-uniform reaction caused by the difference between electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity inside the battery in the negative electrode, and the non-uniform reaction caused by the difference in charging rate in the positive electrode.
2. The output control device according to claim 1, wherein, The output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery are controlled over time.
3. The output control device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The computation unit calculates the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery, and / or the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery, by coupling and analyzing the diffusion equation and the equivalent circuit. The diffusion equation is obtained by modeling the relationship between the consumption and supply of lithium ions in the electrode liquid, and the equivalent circuit is obtained by modeling the relationship between the movement of electrons and potential in the electrode.
4. An output control method for a lithium-ion battery, wherein, The computer calculates the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the negative electrode of a lithium-ion battery using a non-uniform reaction model along the electrode thickness direction, compares it with a pre-set upper limit current and / or lower limit potential in the negative electrode, and / or The computer calculates the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the positive electrode of a lithium-ion battery using a non-uniform reaction model along the electrode thickness direction, and compares it with a pre-set upper limit current and / or upper limit potential in the positive electrode. Based on the comparison results, the computer controls the output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery. The non-uniform reaction model is based on the non-uniform reaction caused by the difference between electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity inside the battery in the negative electrode, and the non-uniform reaction caused by the difference in charging rate in the positive electrode.
5. The output control method according to claim 4, wherein, The computer controls the output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery over time.
6. The output control method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein, The computer calculates the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery, and / or the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery, by coupling and analyzing the diffusion equation and the equivalent circuit. The diffusion equation is obtained by modeling the relationship between the consumption and supply of lithium ions in the electrolyte of the electrode, and the equivalent circuit is obtained by modeling the relationship between the movement of electrons and the potential in the electrode.
7. A stored program storage medium, wherein, The program causes the computer to perform the following processes: The distribution of current and / or potential within the electrode thickness of the negative electrode of a lithium-ion battery is calculated using a non-uniform reaction model along the electrode thickness direction, and compared with preset upper and / or lower current and potential limits, and / or The distribution of current and / or potential within the electrode thickness of the positive electrode of a lithium-ion battery is calculated using a non-uniform reaction model along the electrode thickness direction, and compared with a pre-set upper limit current and / or upper limit potential. Based on the comparison results, the output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery are controlled. The non-uniform reaction model is based on the non-uniform reaction caused by the difference between electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity inside the battery in the negative electrode, and the non-uniform reaction caused by the difference in charging rate in the positive electrode.
8. The storage medium for a stored program according to claim 7, wherein, The program causes the computer to control the output voltage and / or output current of the lithium-ion battery over time.
9. The storage medium for a stored program according to claim 7 or 8, wherein, The program enables the computer to calculate the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery, and / or the current and / or potential distribution within the electrode thickness of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery, by coupling and analyzing the diffusion equation and the equivalent circuit. The diffusion equation is obtained by modeling the relationship between the consumption and supply of lithium ions in the electrolyte of the electrode, and the equivalent circuit is obtained by modeling the relationship between the movement of electrons and potential in the electrode.