A multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi-directional vibration identification fault-tolerant sensor, comprising a housing, a slider, a stopper, and a plurality of side blocks; the upper portion of the slider is connected to the top of the housing via a first elastic member, the side of the slider is provided with a plurality of first nanomaterial friction layers spaced apart, and the first nanomaterial friction layers are inclined; the stopper is fixedly provided below the slider; each side block is connected to the stopper via a second elastic member, the upper end of each side block is provided with a first metal electrode inclined, each first metal electrode is fitted with a first nanomaterial friction layer, the outer wall of each side block is provided with a second nanomaterial friction layer, and a second metal electrode is provided on the inner wall of the housing at a position opposite to each nanomaterial friction layer. The present invention has the following beneficial effects: the frequencies of axial vibration and lateral vibration are measured simultaneously, and the cooperation of the stopper, the side block, and the second elastic member isolates the axial vibration from the lateral vibration, thereby reducing the overall measurement error.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vibration sensor equipment, and in particular to a multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor. Background Art

[0002] Vibration sensors are often used to measure the vibration parameters of drill tools during the drilling process. However, the current application environment of vibration sensors is mostly environmentally friendly. During the drilling process, intermittent but violent vibrations often occur due to the influence of unknown formations. When the vibration excitation is too large, it is easy to cause damage to the vibration sensor. In addition, due to continuous operation, the reliability of the vibration sensor will continue to decline. When the vibration sensor fails locally inside, the accuracy of the data measured by the vibration sensor is reduced, making it difficult to guarantee the reliability of the vibration sensor.

[0003] Moreover, the measurement of parameters by vibration sensors is often not limited to a single parameter. For example, when a drill tool collides with different geological rocks, it will produce multi-directional vibrations, including axial vibration and lateral vibration. The vibration sensor can realize the synchronous measurement of the axial motion and lateral motion vibration parameters. In this case, it is generally necessary to add redundant mechanisms to improve the overall performance. However, the current redundant mechanisms are only designed for one of the axial motion and lateral motion vibration parameters, which will affect the vibration parameters of the other motion, causing measurement errors in the vibration sensor and failing to truly reflect the specific vibration conditions of the downhole drill tool. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, in order to solve the problem that adding redundant mechanisms to vibration sensors under complex underground working conditions may cause errors, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor.

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor, comprising a housing, and a slider, a limiter, and a plurality of side blocks disposed in the housing;

[0006] The upper portion of the slider is connected to the top of the housing via a first elastic member, and a plurality of first nanomaterial friction layers are provided at intervals around the circumference of the slider. The first nanomaterial friction layers are arranged obliquely.

[0007] The limiting body is fixedly arranged below the slider;

[0008] The side blocks are spaced around the limiter, each of the side blocks is connected to the limiter via a second elastic member, an upper end of each side block is provided with an inclined first metal electrode, each first metal electrode is arranged in contact with a first nanomaterial friction layer, an outer wall of each side block is provided with a second nanomaterial friction layer, and a second metal electrode is provided on an inner wall of the housing opposite to each second nanomaterial friction layer;

[0009] When the housing vibrates, the frequency of the electrical signal generated by the friction between the first metal electrode and the first nanomaterial friction layer reflects the axial vibration frequency, and the frequency of the electrical signal generated by the friction between the second metal electrode and the second nanomaterial friction layer reflects the lateral vibration frequency.

[0010] Furthermore, the slider is in the shape of a truncated cone with a large diameter at the upper portion and a small diameter at the lower portion, and the first nanomaterial friction layers are evenly spaced around the side surface of the slider.

[0011] Furthermore, the housing is cylindrical, and the slider is coaxially arranged with the housing.

[0012] Furthermore, the limiting body is cylindrical, the side blocks are arc-shaped blocks, the side blocks are evenly distributed on a circumference, and the side blocks are coaxially arranged with the limiting body.

[0013] Furthermore, the second elastic member is a transverse spring, which is arranged in the radial direction of the limiting body. One end of the transverse spring is connected to the limiting body, and the other end is connected to one of the side blocks.

[0014] Furthermore, the transverse spring is located on the midline of the side block.

[0015] Furthermore, the first elastic member includes a plurality of vertical springs, and the upper end of each vertical spring is connected to the top of the housing, and the lower end is connected to the upper surface of the slider.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a charge detector, which is connected to each of the first metal electrodes and each of the second metal electrodes respectively.

[0017] Furthermore, the number of the side blocks is at least six.

[0018] Furthermore, the first nanomaterial friction layer and the second nanomaterial friction layer are both Kapton friction materials, and the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode are both copper electrodes.

[0019] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. A multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor of the present invention can be used to measure the axial vibration and lateral vibration frequencies during drilling. During axial vibration, the electrical signal generated by the contact and friction between the first metal electrode and the first nanomaterial friction layer reflects the axial vibration frequency. During lateral vibration, the frequency of the electrical signal generated by the contact and friction between the second metal electrode and the second nanomaterial friction layer reflects the lateral vibration frequency. The axial vibration and lateral vibration frequencies can be measured simultaneously.

[0021] 2. The present invention provides a multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor, which measures the axial vibration frequency by setting multiple first metal electrodes and multiple first nanomaterial friction layers, and measures the lateral vibration frequency by setting multiple second metal electrodes and second nanomaterial friction layers. Through the cooperation of the limiter, the side block and the second elastic member, the axial vibration and the lateral vibration are isolated, thereby reducing the overall measurement error. Moreover, under complex working conditions such as the collision between the drilling tool and the geological rock, the upper ends and side surfaces of some side blocks cannot generate electrical signals by friction, while the upper ends or side surfaces of other side blocks will inevitably generate electrical signals by friction, so that the sensor has fault-tolerant capability and still meets the accuracy requirements of downhole parameter measurement in the case of incomplete failure, thereby greatly enhancing the working stability of the sensor.

[0022] 3. The present invention provides a multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor, in which each side block is in a different direction. By detecting the electrical signal generated by the side friction of each side block, the side block or blocks where friction occurs can be determined, thereby determining the direction of the lateral vibration. By analyzing the output electrical signals of all side blocks to determine the direction of the lateral vibration, the specific situation of the downhole drill bit vibration can be reflected more accurately. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a front view of a multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the internal structure of a multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 AA cross-sectional diagram in;

[0026] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 BB cross-section diagram in;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the slider;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the side block;

[0029] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of a multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor for measuring axial vibration frequency according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of a multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor for measuring lateral vibration frequency according to the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 1. outer shell; 2. slider; 3. limiter; 4. side block; 5. vertical spring; 6. first nanomaterial friction layer; 7. first metal electrode; 8. second nanomaterial friction layer; 9. second metal electrode; 10. transverse spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following describes a preferred embodiment of the present invention among multiple possible embodiments, which is intended to provide a basic understanding of the present invention but is not intended to identify the key or decisive elements of the present invention or to limit the scope of protection.

[0033] In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not limiting. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0034] Technologies, methods and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such technologies, methods and equipment should be considered part of the authorization specification.

[0035] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in the subsequent drawings. At the same time, it should be understood that for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual scale.

[0036] It should be further clarified that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted" and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0037] Please refer to Figure 1 、 2and 3. An embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor, which can be used for the simultaneous measurement of the frequencies of axial vibration and lateral vibration, and is particularly suitable for measuring vibration parameters when a drill tool collides with geological rocks during drilling and generates multi-directional vibrations. The multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor mainly includes a housing 1, and a slider 2, a limit body 3 and a plurality of side blocks 4 arranged in the housing 1.

[0038] The housing 1 plays a role of packaging and protection, and can be flexibly configured into various shapes according to the actual application environment. As described in this embodiment, the housing 1 is cylindrical and hollow inside.

[0039] The slider 2 is arranged in the shell 1, and the upper part of the slider 2 is connected to the top of the shell 1 through a first elastic member. In this embodiment, the first elastic member includes multiple vertical springs 5, and the upper end of each vertical spring 5 is connected to the top of the shell 1 and the lower end is connected to the upper surface of the slider 2. The vertical springs 5 ​​are evenly distributed to keep the slider 2 horizontal.

[0040] like Figure 3 and 5 As shown, multiple first nanomaterial friction layers 6 are spaced circumferentially around the side of the slider 2. The first nanomaterial friction layers 6 are arranged at an angle and are evenly spaced around the side of the slider 2. The number of first nanomaterial friction layers 6 can be set as needed, generally as many as possible based on the actual accommodation space. For example, in this embodiment, the first nanomaterial friction layers 6 are directly connected together.

[0041] The shape of the slider 2 can also be set in various forms, such as a truncated cone, a conical shape, etc. Preferably, the slider 2 in this embodiment is a truncated cone with a larger diameter at the top and a smaller diameter at the bottom. The slider 2 is coaxially arranged with the housing 1 so that the slider 2 is located in the center of the housing 1.

[0042] like Figure 3 and 4 As shown, the limiting body 3 is disposed on the bottom surface of the housing 1 and below the slider 2. The slider 2 and the limiting body 3 are disposed vertically opposite each other. The limiting body 3 can also be configured in various shapes, such as a polygonal prism, a cylindrical shape, etc. Preferably, the limiting body 3 in this embodiment is cylindrical and is also disposed on the axis of the housing 1.

[0043] The number of the side blocks 4 is consistent with the number of the first nanomaterial friction layer 6. The more the number of the side blocks 4 is, the more accurate the measurement result is. Generally, the number of the side blocks 4 is at least six. Each of the side blocks 4 is arranged at intervals around the limiter 3. Figure 6As shown, the side blocks 4 here are arc-shaped blocks, each of the side blocks 4 is evenly distributed on a circumference, each of the side blocks 4 is coaxially arranged with the limiting body 3, and each of the side blocks 4 is evenly distributed around the limiting body 3.

[0044] Each side block 4 is connected to the limiting body 3 via a second elastic member. This second elastic member is a transverse spring 10, which is disposed radially along the limiting body 3. One end of the transverse spring 10 is connected to the limiting body 3, and the other end is connected to one of the side blocks 4. To ensure that the transverse spring 10 can stably drive the side blocks 4 to move radially along the limiting body 3, the transverse spring 10 is located on the midline of the side blocks 4.

[0045] Each side block 4 has an inclined first metal electrode 7 at its upper end. As described in this embodiment, the upper end of the side block 4 has an inclined, arcuate end surface, and the first metal electrode 7 is affixed to this end surface. Each first metal electrode 7 is affixed to a first nanomaterial friction layer 6. When the first nanomaterial friction layer 6 moves downward, it can contact and rub against the first metal electrode 7 below it. The outer wall of each side block 4 is provided with a second nanomaterial friction layer 8. A second metal electrode 9 is provided on the inner wall of the housing 1 at a position opposite each second nanomaterial friction layer 8. When the second nanomaterial friction layer 8 moves laterally, it can contact and rub against the second metal electrode 9 opposite it.

[0046] The first nanomaterial friction layer 6 and the second nanomaterial friction layer 8 can be made of a nanomaterial friction material, such as Kapton friction material (polyimide film material) in this embodiment. The first metal electrode 7 and the second metal electrode 9 are metal conductive sheets, such as copper electrodes in this embodiment. The first nanomaterial friction layer 6, the first nanomaterial friction layer 6, the first metal electrode 7, and the second metal electrode 9 are all fixed by adhesion.

[0047] In addition, the multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor further includes a charge detector, which is connected to each of the first metal electrodes 7 and each of the second metal electrodes 9, respectively, and can detect the electrical signals generated by the first metal electrodes 7 and the second metal electrodes 9. The charge detector can be an electrometer that can directly collect the output electrical signal waveform and thereby determine the frequency of the electrical signal.

[0048] The multi-directional vibration identification fault-tolerant sensor measures the frequencies of the axial and lateral vibrations of the drilling tool:

[0049] Frequency measurement of axial vibration: Figure 7As shown, when the housing 1 is subjected to axial vibration, the slider 2 moves downward due to the axial vibration, thereby causing the first nanomaterial friction layer 6 to contact and rub against the first metal electrode 7 below it to generate an electrical signal. Specifically, during the vibration of the slider 2, the slider 2 moves downward, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown in (i), the initial contact between the first nanomaterial friction layer 6 and the first metal electrode 7 is the largest, the surface of the first nanomaterial friction layer 6 is induced with negative charge, and the surface of the first metal electrode 7 is induced with positive charge. At this time, the electrical signal (voltage) detected at the first metal electrode 7 is the largest; and then as shown in Figure 7 As shown in (ii) and (iii), the slider 2 continues to move downward, pushing the side block 4 to move outward, so that the contact area between the first nanomaterial friction layer 6 and the first metal electrode 7 gradually decreases until they are offset, and the positive charge on the first metal electrode 7 is neutralized by the earth. The electrical signal detected by the first metal electrode 7 gradually decreases until it is minimum, and the pushing force of the slider 2 on the side block 4 is insufficient to make the side block 4 contact the inner wall of the housing 1; then as shown in Figure 7 As shown in (iv), the slider 2 moves upward, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first nanomaterial friction layer 6 and the first metal electrode 7 gradually increases, and the detected electrical signal of the first metal electrode 7 gradually increases until it reaches a maximum. By repeatedly moving the slider 2 up and down in this manner, the frequency of the electrical signal generated by the friction between the first nanomaterial friction layer 6 and the first metal electrode 7 can be measured, and the axial vibration frequency can be determined based on the frequency of this electrical signal.

[0050] Frequency measurement of lateral vibration: Figure 8 As shown, when the housing 1 is subjected to lateral vibration, each of the side blocks 4 moves laterally due to the lateral vibration, thereby causing the second nanomaterial friction layer 8 to contact and rub against the second metal electrode 9 to generate an electrical signal. Figure 8 As shown in (i), in the initial position, each side block 4 is separated from the inner wall of the shell 1; then Figure 8 As shown in (ii), each side block 4 moves toward the second metal electrode 9, so that the second nanomaterial friction layer 8 contacts the second metal electrode 9 and generates friction electricity. The second nanomaterial friction layer 8 and the second metal electrode 9 generate equal amounts of opposite-sign charges. At this time, the electrical signal (voltage) detected at the second metal electrode 9 is the largest. Then, as shown in Figure 8As shown in (iii) and (iv), the second nanomaterial friction layer 8 separates from the second metal electrode 9 and moves away from the second metal electrode 9. The charge on the second metal electrode 9 flows to the ground and is gradually neutralized, and the electrical signal detected at the second metal electrode 9 gradually decreases. The side block 4 repeatedly moves laterally in this way, and the frequency of the electrical signal generated by the friction between the second nanomaterial friction layer 8 and the second metal electrode 9 can be measured. The lateral vibration frequency can be determined based on the frequency of this electrical signal.

[0051] During actual measurement, due to the multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor, a group of lateral measurement modules consisting of a second nanomaterial friction layer 8 and a second metal electrode 9 can obtain a group of lateral vibration measurement output electrical signals. In this way, multiple groups of lateral vibration measurement output electrical signals will be obtained. The stronger the output electrical signal, the closer the orientation of the corresponding second nanomaterial friction layer 8 is to the actual lateral vibration orientation. Therefore, the larger the lateral vibration measurement output electrical signal, the closer it is to the actual lateral vibration orientation. Therefore, the strongest axial vibration measurement output electrical signal is selected as the lateral vibration orientation measurement result.

[0052] It should be noted that when simultaneously measuring the frequency of axial and lateral vibrations, when measuring the axial vibration frequency, the lateral vibration may cause the side block 4 to move laterally, thereby causing the side block 4 to squeeze the slider 2. In the present invention, the limiter 3 and the lateral spring 10 cooperate to limit the lateral movement distance of the side block 4, thereby preventing the violent movement of the side block 4 from affecting the friction between the first nanomaterial friction layer 6 and the first metal electrode 7, thereby causing the sensor to output an erroneous axial vibration signal. Similarly, when measuring the lateral vibration frequency, the axial vibration may cause the slider 2 to squeeze the side block 4. The limiter 3 and the lateral spring 10 cooperate to limit the lateral movement distance of the side block 4, preventing the side block 4 from contacting the inner wall of the housing 1. The force exerted by the lateral vibration on the side block 4 is much greater than the force exerted by the slider 2 on the side block 4. Therefore, the side block 4 is equivalent to contacting the inner wall of the housing 1 only under the action of the lateral vibration, ensuring that the side block 4 does not produce sufficient displacement due to axial vibration to contact the inner wall of the sensor, thereby causing the sensor to output an erroneous lateral vibration signal.

[0053] In this document, directional terms such as front, back, top, and bottom are defined based on the positions of components in the accompanying drawings and relative to each other, and are intended for clarity and convenience in describing the technical solution. It should be understood that these terms are relative and may vary depending on usage and placement. The use of these directional terms should not limit the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0054] In the absence of conflict, the above embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0055] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor, characterized in that: It comprises a shell, and a slider, a limiter and a plurality of side blocks arranged in the shell; The upper portion of the slider is connected to the top of the housing via a first elastic member, and a plurality of first nanomaterial friction layers are provided at intervals around the circumference of the slider. The first nanomaterial friction layers are arranged obliquely. The limiting body is fixedly arranged below the slider; The side blocks are spaced around the limiter, each of the side blocks is connected to the limiter via a second elastic member, an upper end of each side block is provided with an inclined first metal electrode, each first metal electrode is arranged in contact with a first nanomaterial friction layer, an outer wall of each side block is provided with a second nanomaterial friction layer, and a second metal electrode is provided on an inner wall of the housing opposite to each second nanomaterial friction layer; When the housing vibrates, the frequency of the electrical signal generated by the friction between the first metal electrode and the first nanomaterial friction layer reflects the axial vibration frequency, and the frequency of the electrical signal generated by the friction between the second metal electrode and the second nanomaterial friction layer reflects the lateral vibration frequency.

2. The multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding block is in the shape of a truncated cone with a large diameter at the upper portion and a small diameter at the lower portion, and the first nanomaterial friction layers are evenly spaced around the side surface of the sliding block.

3. The multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The housing is cylindrical, and the slider is coaxially arranged with the housing.

4. The multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting body is cylindrical, the side blocks are arc-shaped blocks, the side blocks are evenly distributed on a circumference, and the side blocks are coaxially arranged with the limiting body.

5. The multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second elastic member is a transverse spring, which is arranged in the radial direction of the limiting body. One end of the transverse spring is connected to the limiting body, and the other end is connected to one of the side blocks.

6. The multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transverse spring is located on the midline of the side block.

7. The multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first elastic member includes a plurality of vertical springs, and the upper end of each vertical spring is connected to the top of the housing, and the lower end is connected to the upper surface of the slider.

8. The multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a charge detector, which is connected to each of the first metal electrodes and each of the second metal electrodes respectively.

9. The multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the side blocks is at least six.

10. The multi-directional vibration recognition fault-tolerant sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first nanomaterial friction layer and the second nanomaterial friction layer are both made of Kapton friction materials, and the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode are both copper electrodes.

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