A pneumatic impact twisting composite walnut directional shelling device and shelling method thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and specifically relates to a pneumatic impact twisting composite directional walnut shelling device. The device can maintain a pre-oriented posture during the shelling and transportation of walnuts, and has good adaptability to different varieties of walnuts. When using the device to break the shell, according to the brittle fracture criterion of walnuts, first extrusion is used to make the shell surface highly tense, and then a certain impact force is applied to break the shell, so that the shell is fully broken while the kernel is well protected. The shelling force required by different walnuts is accurately adapted, and then the combined motion of twisting and extrusion is performed to further expand the cracks in the previously broken shell to facilitate the separation of the shell and the kernel, taking into account both the shell breaking rate and the whole kernel rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a pneumatic impact and twisting composite walnut directional shelling device and a shelling method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Research on walnut shelling methods, both domestically and internationally, can be broadly categorized into four categories: chemical corrosion, vacuum, ultrasonic, and mechanical. Mechanical shelling is the most popular method due to its low cost, high efficiency, and ability to produce food-grade walnut kernels.

[0003] At present, according to the force mode of walnut, mechanical shelling methods can be roughly divided into three methods:

[0004] (1) Extrusion shelling method, which uses pressure to deform the shell to do work. Extrusion can be divided into rigid extrusion and flexible extrusion. There are many designs of rigid extrusion, such as the multi-roller extrusion walnut shelling machine designed by Dong Shihan et al.; the variable spacing extrusion walnut shelling machine designed by Wang Wei et al.; and the self-positioning pre-shelling leading to spiral flexible extrusion walnut shelling device designed by Qingdao University of Technology. This type of shelling method has been more commonly used in recent years. Extrusion shelling can more accurately control the force and position of the walnut, achieving better shelling effect. However, the extrusion shelling stroke is fixed, and walnuts of different sizes, varieties and shapes also have certain differences. Therefore, the adaptability of extrusion shelling to walnuts is generally poor.

[0005] (2) Impact shelling method: The impact method converts kinetic energy into shell-breaking energy, and performs work by external force. For example, the cone basket walnut shelling machine designed by Li Zhongxin et al.; the bionic percussion pecan shelling machine designed by Ding Ran et al.; This shelling method is more common in early walnut shelling equipment research and has high adaptability, but the shelling effect is not ideal, and the shelling force cannot be accurately controlled and adjusted.

[0006] (3) Gas explosion shell cracking method: Gas explosion method is to crack the walnut and then inject high-pressure air into the shell to make the internal force of the shell greater than the strength of the walnut shell, causing it to break. For example, Zhou Jun et al. studied the gas explosion walnut shell cracking experiment. This type of shell cracking method requires a high airtightness of the walnut, which is difficult to achieve manually.

[0007] In recent years, domestic researchers have explored the walnut shelling process from the perspective of walnut pretreatment. Zhang Enming et al. conducted static pressure tests and studied the effects of notching pretreatment on shelling performance, finding that walnuts cracked more easily after notching. Zheng Xia also conducted static pressure tests on walnuts that had been notched before shelling, showing that the shelling force and shell deformation of notched walnuts were significantly reduced compared to untreated walnuts, while the kernel rate was significantly increased. The study also found that for walnuts with a fixed gap, the posture of the walnut entering the shelling mechanism significantly affects the shelling rate and the percentage of whole kernels. Therefore, the treatment of walnuts before shelling is particularly important. If the walnut's posture can be directional treated during shelling through scientific methods, the efficiency and effectiveness of walnut shelling will be greatly improved.

[0008] The walnut shelling device currently using the mechanical shelling method is prone to changes in the posture of the walnuts during shelling and transportation, making it difficult for the directional treatment prepared in advance to take effect. At the same time, it has poor adaptability to different varieties. Moreover, since different varieties of walnuts require different shelling forces, the shelling effect of the existing device is difficult to control, and it is easy for the walnut shells to be incompletely broken or the kernels to be damaged, making it difficult to take into account both the shelling rate and the kernel wholeness rate. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention designs a pneumatic impact and twisting composite directional walnut shelling device, which can maintain a pre-oriented posture during the shelling and transportation of walnuts, and has good adaptability to different varieties of walnuts. When using the device to break the shell, according to the brittle fracture criterion of walnuts, extrusion is first used to make the shell surface highly tense, and then a certain impact force is applied to break the shell, so that the shell is fully broken while the kernel is well protected, accurately adapting to the shelling force required by different walnuts, and then a composite movement of twisting and extrusion is performed to further expand the previously broken shell cracks to facilitate the separation of the shell and the kernel, taking into account both the shell breaking rate and the whole kernel rate.

[0010] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0011] A pneumatic impact-twisting composite walnut directional shelling device comprises an extrusion mechanism, a frame supporting the extrusion mechanism, a feeding mechanism connected to the extrusion mechanism on the frame, and a power mechanism arranged on one side of the frame;

[0012] The extrusion mechanism includes a pressure arm, a rodless cylinder, an upper extrusion head, a lower extrusion head, a station conversion disk, and a stepper motor. The pressure arm is mounted on the rodless cylinder through a holder, and the rodless cylinder is mounted on one side of the top of the frame through a cylinder seat. The upper extrusion head and the lower extrusion head are arranged on both sides of the cylinder guide rail at the edge of the station conversion disk as an extrusion head assembly. Rodless micro cylinders are arranged on both sides of the cylinder guide rail. The station conversion disk is connected to the middle position of the top of the frame through a turntable shaft. The stepper motor is mounted on the frame opposite to the pressure arm through a bearing seat. The output end of the stepper motor is magnetically connected to the end of the lower extrusion head through a rubidium magnet.

[0013] An impact component for crushing the walnut shell is provided inside the pressure arm;

[0014] The upper extrusion head and the lower extrusion head have facing surfaces with grooves, and a concave slit corresponding to the tip of the walnut is provided in the groove of the upper extrusion head, and a convex piece corresponding to the tail of the walnut is provided in the groove of the lower extrusion head;

[0015] The feeding mechanism directs the walnuts to correspond to the concave slits of the upper extrusion head and the convex pieces of the lower extrusion head;

[0016] A station conversion mechanism is provided on the side of the turntable shaft close to the stepping motor;

[0017] The workstation conversion mechanism, the feeding mechanism and the power mechanism are connected in sequence through pulleys to transmit power.

[0018] Preferably, the impact component includes a sleeve, a steel spring, a hammer, a hammer shaft, and a conduction shaft. The sleeve is installed inside the pressure arm, the steel spring is installed in the sleeve, and a tail cap is installed at the end of the sleeve to support the steel spring. The front end of the steel spring is connected to the hammer. A through hole is provided at the front end of the hammer to be detachably connected to the hammer shaft, and an eccentric positioning spring is coated on the hammer shaft. The front end of the hammer shaft is connected to the conduction shaft, which passes through the pressure arm and contacts the upper extrusion head, and a head shell is provided outside the conduction shaft to cooperate with the sleeve.

[0019] Preferably, the extrusion head assembly is arranged in four groups at equal distances around the circumference of the station conversion disk, one group close to the loading mechanism is the loading station, the group corresponding to the pressure arm at the top is the shell breaking station, and the group horizontally corresponding to the loading station is the unloading station.

[0020] Preferably, a material unloading bin is correspondingly provided on the frame at the lower part of the material unloading station.

[0021] Preferably, the workstation conversion mechanism includes a sheave and a driving wheel. The sheave is fixed to the end of the turntable shaft close to the stepping motor. The sheave cooperates with the meshing groove provided on the driving wheel to perform intermittent rotation of the workstation conversion disk at a constant angle.

[0022] Preferably, the feeding mechanism includes a feeding roller input shaft, a chain, a feeding hook, and a sprocket. The feeding roller input shaft is arranged next to the extrusion mechanism on the top of the frame, the sprocket is arranged at the bottom of the frame corresponding to the feeding roller input shaft, the chain connects the feeding roller input shaft and the sprocket, and several feeding hooks corresponding to the positions of the extrusion head components are arranged at intervals on the chain.

[0023] Preferably, the feeding mechanism is also docked with a transport mechanism arranged at the lower part of the frame, the transport mechanism includes a conveyor belt motor and a conveyor belt body, the conveyor belt motor is fixed on the frame, and the lower end of the conveyor belt body is connected to the conveyor belt motor; an inner groove is provided in the middle of the conveyor belt body to ensure directional transportation of walnuts.

[0024] Preferably, the power mechanism includes a power motor and a reducer, the power motor is installed next to the feeding mechanism at the bottom of the frame, and the reducer is installed on the upper part of the frame; the motor output shaft, reducer input shaft, reducer output shaft, feeding roller input shaft, and driving wheel are connected in sequence through pulley transmission.

[0025] The present invention also provides a method for cracking walnut shells using the above-mentioned cracking device, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: Start the power mechanism. The power mechanism is connected to the reducer input shaft through the motor output shaft, pulley and reducer output shaft, and drives the feed roller input shaft to rotate through the reducer output shaft. The feed roller input shaft drives the driving wheel of the station conversion disk through the synchronous belt, and then the driving wheel drives the groove wheel to move intermittently. Each movement angle is 90° to realize the conversion of the station.

[0027] Step 2: A batch of oriented walnuts are fed into the conveyor belt in an orderly manner. The grooves in the conveyor belt ensure that the oriented walnuts maintain a stable posture during transportation. The walnuts fall into the feeding hooks one by one under the action of gravity and are transported upward with the drive of the sprocket. At this time, a walnut falls into each upward hook of the feeding hook. When it rises to the middle of the extrusion head assembly at the loading position, the extrusion head assembly moves oppositely under the action of the rodless micro cylinder to clamp the walnuts and rotate toward the shelling station.

[0028] Step 3: The driving wheel rotates to rotate the walnuts in the loading station to the shelling station, and the rodless cylinder is started. The pressure arm moves upward to the extrusion head. When the pressure arm is not in contact with the upper extrusion head, the hammer shaft in the pressure arm is tilted under the action of the eccentric positioning spring. When the rodless cylinder drives the pressure arm to squeeze the walnuts, the eccentric positioning spring is compressed first, and the hammer shaft presses against the edge side of the hammer and does not insert into the center through hole to push the hammer. The hammer shaft in the tilted state directly squeezes the wall of the hammer hole, causing the hammer to continuously compress the steel spring to store energy. As the stroke continues to advance, the eccentric positioning spring is continuously compressed during the movement of the hammer shaft and reaches the center of the two circles. When closed, the eccentric positioning spring also corrects the hammer shaft so that it is forced to be centered and concentric with the through hole of the impact hammer. At this time, the head of the hammer shaft contacts the impact hammer from the side and is forced into the center hole of the impact hammer. The existence of the stroke drop causes the compressed steel spring to stretch, and the potential energy is quickly converted into kinetic energy, pushing the impact hammer to impact the hammer shaft at high speed, thereby transferring the energy to the conduction shaft. At the same time, under the action of the conduction shaft, an instantaneous impact force is also generated on the walnut, causing the walnut to crack. After the pressure arm completes the extrusion, the lower extrusion head rotates a certain angle under the magnetic drive of the stepper motor. Through the composite motion of torsional extrusion, the previously broken shell cracks are further expanded to facilitate the separation of the shell and the kernel.

[0029] Step 4: After the driving wheel rotates one circle again, the walnuts that have been broken at the shelling station are transferred to the unloading station. The extrusion head assembly slides open in the opposite direction along the cylinder guide rail, and the walnuts fall into the unloading bin, thus completing a shelling cycle.

[0030] Repeat steps 2 to 4 to continuously crack the walnut shells. After the walnut kernels and shells are fully collected in the lower bin, the shells and kernels of the walnuts in the lower bin are separated to complete the collection of the complete kernels.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] (1) The present invention transports the oriented walnuts to the feeding hook of the feeding mechanism through a conveyor belt body with an inner groove of the transport mechanism, thereby ensuring that the posture of the walnuts does not change during the transportation process, and finally conveys the oriented walnuts to the extrusion head assembly, wherein the upper extrusion head and the lower extrusion head have grooves on the facing surfaces, and a concave slit is provided in the groove of the upper extrusion head corresponding to the tip of the walnut, and a convex piece is provided in the groove of the lower extrusion head corresponding to the tail of the walnut, so as to further orient the walnuts;

[0033] (2) The upper extrusion head and the lower extrusion head of the extrusion head assembly are connected to the cylinder guide rail through a rodless micro cylinder, which can flexibly clamp the upper and lower extrusion heads in opposite directions to adapt to walnuts of different varieties and sizes. After clamping, the extrusion head assembly is rotated to the shelling station through the station conversion mechanism;

[0034] (3) When breaking the shell, according to the brittle fracture principle of walnuts, a rodless cylinder is first used to move the pressure arm to push the upper extrusion head to extrude the shell surface to make it highly tense. Then, a certain impact force is applied by the impact component inside the pressure arm to break the shell. The shell is fully broken while the kernel is well protected, accurately adapting to the shell breaking force required by different walnuts. Then, through the rotation of the stepper motor, under the magnetic connection, the lower extrusion head performs a compound movement of twisting and extrusion to further expand the cracks in the shell that were previously broken, which is convenient for separating the shell and the kernel, taking into account both the shell breaking rate and the kernel whole rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 It is an overall axonometric schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall front view structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the workstation conversion mechanism of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the extrusion mechanism of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Middle AA section view;

[0041] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of an extrusion head assembly of the present invention;

[0042] 1-extrusion mechanism, 11-pressure arm, 111-sleeve, 112-tail cap, 113-steel spring, 114-impact hammer, 115-eccentric positioning spring, 116-hammer shaft, 117-transmission shaft, 118-head shell, 12-holding seat, 13-rodless cylinder, 131-cylinder seat, 14-rodless micro cylinder, 15-upper extrusion head, 151-groove, 16-lower extrusion head, 161-protrusion, 17-cylinder guide rail, 18-turntable shaft, 19-station conversion disk, 20-bearing seat, 21-rubidium Magnet, 22-stepper motor; 2-feeding mechanism, 211-feeding roller input shaft, 212-chain, 213-feeding hook, 214-sprocket; 3-reducer, 311-reducer output shaft, 312-reducer input shaft, 313-motor output shaft; 4-power motor; 5-transportation mechanism, 511-conveyor belt motor, 512-conveyor belt body; 6-unloading bin; 7-frame; 8-station conversion mechanism, 811-grooved wheel, 812-driving wheel, 8121-engaging groove, 813-pulley; 9-walnut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a pneumatic impact twisting composite walnut directional shelling device includes an extrusion mechanism 1, a frame 7 supporting the extrusion structure, a feeding mechanism 2 arranged on the frame 7 and docked with the extrusion mechanism 1, and a power mechanism arranged on one side of the frame 7;

[0045] In order to improve the overall shell breaking rate and whole kernel rate of walnut 9 when breaking the shell, the extrusion mechanism 1 includes a pressure arm 11, a rodless cylinder 13, an upper extrusion head 15, a lower extrusion head 16, a station conversion disk 19, and a stepper motor 22. The pressure arm 11 is installed on the rodless cylinder 13 through a holder 12. The rodless cylinder 13 is installed on one side of the top of the frame 7 through a cylinder seat 131. The upper extrusion head 15 and the lower extrusion head 16 are arranged on both sides of the cylinder guide rail 17 on the edge of the station conversion disk 19 as an extrusion head assembly. Rodless micro cylinders 14 are arranged on both sides of the cylinder guide rail 17. The station conversion disk 19 is connected to the middle position of the top of the frame 7 through a turntable shaft 18. The stepper motor 22 is installed on the frame 7 opposite to the pressure arm 11 through a bearing seat 20. The output end of the stepper motor 22 is magnetically connected to the end of the lower extrusion head 16 through a rubidium magnet 21; an impact component for crushing the shell of the walnut 9 is provided inside the pressure arm 11;

[0046] The pressure arm 11, under the push of the rodless cylinder 13, squeezes the upper extrusion head 15 to make the shell surface highly tense. The use of a fast-responding cylinder as a shell-breaking actuator can not only make each station adapt to walnuts 9 of different sizes, so that the size adaptation of the walnuts 9 can better achieve the best shell-breaking effect for each walnut 9, but also effectively ensure the integrity of the walnut kernel 9 after the walnut 9 is shelled; then, a certain impact force is applied by the impact component inside the pressure arm 11 to break the shell, so that the shell is fully broken while the kernel is well protected, accurately adapting to the shell-breaking force required by different walnuts 9;

[0047] However, after the crack is broken, the expansion of the crack is still not enough to allow the shell to fall off completely, so the crack is further expanded to facilitate the shell to fall off; therefore, after the impact of the pressure arm 11, the lower extrusion head 16 is driven by the stepper motor 22 to rotate a certain angle, and the combined motion of twisting and extruding is used to further expand the previously broken shell crack to facilitate the separation of the shell and the kernel.

[0048] At the same time, the upper extrusion head 15 and the lower extrusion head 16 slide toward each other on the cylinder guide rail 17 under the action of the rodless micro cylinder 14 to clamp the walnut 9, which can adapt to walnuts 9 of different varieties and sizes.

[0049] Orienting the walnuts 9 in advance can achieve better shelling results, so the feeding mechanism 2 is used to directionally convey the walnuts 9 corresponding to the concave 151 of the upper extrusion head 15 and the convex piece 161 of the lower extrusion head 16; and grooves are provided on the opposing surfaces of the upper extrusion head 15 and the lower extrusion head 16, and a concave 151 corresponding to the tip of the walnut 9 is provided in the groove of the upper extrusion head 15, and a convex piece 161 corresponding to the tail of the walnut 9 is provided in the groove of the lower extrusion head 16; the walnuts 9 are further fitted to their shape for orientation.

[0050] A station conversion mechanism 8 is provided on the side of the turntable shaft 18 close to the stepping motor 22 to convert the stations, thereby realizing a complete shell breaking process; the station conversion mechanism 8, the feeding mechanism 2, and the power mechanism are connected in sequence through the pulley 813 to transmit power.

[0051] The impact component includes a sleeve 111, a steel spring 113, a hammer 114, a hammer shaft 116, and a transmission shaft 117. The sleeve 111 is installed inside the pressure arm 11, and the steel spring 113 is installed in the sleeve 111. A tail cap 112 is installed at the end of the sleeve 111 to support the steel spring 113. The front end of the steel spring 113 is connected to the hammer 114. The front end of the hammer 114 has a 20mm through-hole for detachable connection to the hammer shaft 116. The hammer shaft 116 is coated with an eccentric positioning spring 115. The front end of the hammer shaft 116 is connected to the transmission shaft 117. The transmission shaft 117 passes through the pressure arm 11 and contacts the upper extrusion head 15. A head shell 118 is provided outside the transmission shaft 117 to cooperate with the sleeve 111.

[0052] When the pressure arm 11 is not in contact with the upper extrusion head 15, the hammer shaft 116 in the pressure arm 11 is placed in an inclined shape under the action of the eccentric positioning spring 115. When the rodless cylinder 13 drives the pressure arm 11 to squeeze the walnut 9, the eccentric positioning spring 115 is compressed first, and the hammer shaft 116 presses against the edge side of the impact hammer 114 and does not insert into the center through hole to push the impact hammer 114. The hammer shaft 116 in the inclined state directly squeezes the hole wall of the impact hammer 114, causing the impact hammer 114 to continuously compress the steel spring 113 to store energy. As the stroke continues to advance, the eccentric positioning of the hammer shaft 116 during the movement When the spring 115 is continuously compressed and reaches the point where the two centers coincide, the eccentric positioning spring 115 also corrects the hammer shaft 116 so that it is forced to be centered and concentric with the through hole of the impact hammer 114. At this time, the head of the hammer shaft 116 contacts the impact hammer 114 from the side and is forced to be pushed into the center hole of the impact hammer 114. At that moment, the existence of the stroke drop causes the compressed steel spring 113 to stretch, and the potential energy is quickly converted into kinetic energy, pushing the impact hammer 114 at high speed to impact the hammer shaft 116, thereby transferring the energy to the conduction shaft 117. At the same time, under the action of the conduction shaft 117, an instantaneous impact force is also generated on the walnut 9, causing the walnut 9 to break.

[0053] Four groups of extrusion head assemblies are equidistantly arranged around the circumference of the station conversion disk 19. One group near the loading mechanism 2 is the loading station, the other group corresponding to the pressure arm 11 at the top is the shelling station, and the other group horizontally corresponding to the loading station is the unloading station. A unloading bin 6 is provided on the frame 7 below the unloading station to receive the shelled walnuts 9.

[0054] The work station conversion mechanism 8 includes a groove wheel 811 and a driving wheel 812. The groove wheel 811 is fixed to the end of the turntable shaft 18 close to the stepping motor 22. The groove wheel 811 cooperates with the meshing groove 8121 opened on the driving wheel 812 to perform constant angle intermittent rotation of the work station conversion disk 19.

[0055] The feeding mechanism 2 includes a feeding roller input shaft 211, a chain 212, a feeding hook 213, and a sprocket 214. The feeding roller input shaft 211 is arranged next to the extrusion mechanism 1 at the top of the frame 7, and the sprocket 214 is arranged at the bottom of the frame 7 corresponding to the feeding roller input shaft 211. The chain 212 connects the feeding roller input shaft 211 and the sprocket 214. Several feeding hooks 213 corresponding to the positions of the extrusion head components are arranged at intervals on the chain 212.

[0056] The chain 212 is configured as a double-sided single-hole straight plate chain, and each two corresponding straight plates are connected with a crescent-shaped feeding hook 213. The feeding hook 213 is provided with two curved hooks, which not only facilitates the falling of walnuts 9 on the conveyor belt, but also provides sufficient clamping space for the extrusion head while ensuring the feeding posture, so that the walnuts 9 enter the extrusion head according to the predetermined posture.

[0057] A transport mechanism 5 arranged at the lower part of the frame 7 is also docked in front of the feeding mechanism 2. The transport mechanism 5 includes a conveyor belt motor 511 and a conveyor belt body 512. The conveyor belt motor 511 is fixed on the frame 7, and the lower end of the conveyor belt body 512 is connected to the conveyor belt motor 511; an inner groove is provided in the middle of the conveyor belt body 512 to ensure directional transportation of the walnuts 9.

[0058] The power mechanism includes a power motor 4 and a reducer 3. The power motor 4 is mounted at the bottom of the frame 7, next to the feeding mechanism 2, and the reducer 3 is mounted on the top of the frame 7. The motor output shaft 313, reducer input shaft 312, reducer output shaft 311, feed roller input shaft 211, and driving pulley 812 are sequentially connected via pulley 813. The entire machine features a five-stage transmission, precise control, and easy operation.

[0059] The method for shelling walnuts 9 by the shelling device comprises the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Start the power mechanism, which is connected to the reducer input shaft 312 through the motor output shaft 313 and the pulley 813, and drives the feeding roller input shaft 211 to rotate through the reducer output shaft 311. The feeding roller input shaft 211 drives the driving wheel 812 of the station conversion disk 19 through the synchronous belt, and then the driving wheel 812 drives the groove wheel 811 to move intermittently, and each movement angle is 90° to realize the conversion of the station; the driving wheel 812 with a cylindrical pin in the groove wheel 811 rotates one circle, and the groove wheel 811 drives the station conversion disk 19 to rotate 1 / 4 of a circle, and the double-sided single-hole straight plate chain transports a walnut 9 to the station conversion disk 19 to complete one feeding.

[0061] Step 2: A batch of oriented walnuts 9 are fed into the conveyor belt body 512 in an orderly manner. The grooves in the conveyor belt body 512 ensure that the oriented walnuts 9 maintain a stable posture during transportation. The walnuts 9 fall into the feeding hooks 213 one by one under the action of gravity and are transported upward with the drive of the sprocket 214. At this time, a walnut 9 falls into each upward hook of the feeding hook 213. When it rises to the middle of the extrusion head assembly at the loading position, the extrusion head 16 assembly moves oppositely under the action of the rodless micro cylinder 14 to clamp the walnuts 9 and rotate toward the shelling station.

[0062] Step 3: The driving wheel 812 rotates to rotate the walnuts 9 at the loading station to the shelling station, and the rodless cylinder 13 is started. The pressure arm 11 moves upward to the extrusion head 15. When the pressure arm 11 is not in contact with the upper extrusion head 15, the hammer shaft 116 in the pressure arm 11 is tilted under the action of the eccentric positioning spring 115. When the rodless cylinder 13 drives the pressure arm 11 to squeeze the walnut 9, the eccentric positioning spring 115 is compressed first, and the hammer shaft 116 supports the edge side of the hammer 114 and does not insert into the center through hole to push the hammer 114. There is a 20mm deep through hole on the side where the hammer 114 contacts the hammer shaft 116. The hammer shaft 116 in the tilted state directly squeezes the hole wall of the hammer 114, causing the hammer 114 to continuously compress the steel spring 113 to store energy. As the stroke continues to advance, the hammer shaft 116 moves during When the middle eccentric positioning spring 115 is continuously compressed and reaches the point where the two centers coincide, the eccentric positioning spring 115 also corrects the hammer shaft 116 so that it is forced to be centered and concentric with the through hole of the impact hammer 114. At this time, the head of the hammer shaft 116 contacts the impact hammer 114 from the side and is forced to be pushed into the center hole of the impact hammer 114. At that moment, the existence of the stroke drop causes the compressed steel spring 113 to stretch, and the potential energy is quickly converted into kinetic energy, pushing the impact hammer 114 at high speed to impact the hammer shaft 116, thereby transferring the energy to the conduction shaft 117. At the same time, under the action of the conduction shaft 117, an instantaneous impact force is also generated on the walnut 9, causing the walnut 9 to break. After the pressure arm 11 completes the extrusion, the lower extrusion head 16 rotates a certain angle under the magnetic drive of the stepper motor 22. Through the combined motion of twisting and extrusion, the previously broken shell cracks are further expanded to facilitate the separation of the shell and the kernel.

[0063] Step 4: After the driving wheel 812 rotates one circle again, the walnuts 9 that have been broken at the shelling station are transferred to the unloading station, and the extrusion head assembly slides open in the opposite direction along with the cylinder guide 17, and the walnuts 9 fall into the unloading bin 6, thus completing a shelling action cycle.

[0064] Repeat steps 2 to 4 to continuously break the shells of the walnuts 9. After the lower bin 6 is full of the broken walnut kernels 9 and shells, the shells and kernels of the walnuts 9 in the lower bin 6 are separated to complete the collection of the complete kernels.

[0065] In summary, the walnut 9 shelling device can maintain a pre-oriented posture during the shelling and transportation of the walnut 9, and has good adaptability to different varieties of walnuts 9. When using the device to break the shell, according to the brittle fracture criterion of the walnut 9, first use extrusion to make the shell surface highly tense, and then apply a certain impact force to break the shell, so that the shell is fully broken while protecting the kernel well, accurately adapting to the shelling force required by different walnuts 9, and then performing a composite movement of twisting and extrusion to further expand the previously broken shell cracks to facilitate the separation of the shell and the kernel, taking into account both the shelling rate and the whole kernel rate.

[0066] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are intended only to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible based on the content of this specification.

Claims

1. A pneumatic impact-twisting composite walnut directional shelling device, comprising an extrusion mechanism (1), a frame (7) supporting the extrusion mechanism, a feeding mechanism (2) disposed on the frame (7) and docked with the extrusion mechanism (1), and a power mechanism disposed on one side of the frame (7); characterized in that: The extrusion mechanism (1) comprises a pressure arm (11), a rodless cylinder (13), an upper extrusion head (15), a lower extrusion head (16), a station conversion disk (19), and a stepping motor (22). The pressure arm (11) is mounted on the rodless cylinder (13) via a holder (12). The rodless cylinder (13) is mounted on one side of the top of the frame (7) via a cylinder seat (131). The upper extrusion head (15) and the lower extrusion head (16) are arranged opposite to each other as an extrusion head assembly. On both sides of the cylinder guide rail (17) at the edge of the station conversion disk (19), rodless micro cylinders (14) are arranged on both sides of the cylinder guide rail (17), the station conversion disk (19) is connected to the middle position of the top of the frame (7) through the turntable shaft (18), the stepping motor (22) is installed on the frame (7) opposite to the pressure arm (11) through the bearing seat (20), and the output end of the stepping motor (22) is magnetically connected to the end of the lower extrusion head (16) through the rubidium magnet (21); An impact component for crushing the shell of the walnut (9) is arranged inside the pressure arm (11), and the impact component comprises a sleeve (111), a steel spring (113), a striking hammer (114), a hammer shaft (116), and a transmission shaft (117). The sleeve (111) is installed inside the pressure arm (11), and the steel spring (113) is installed in the sleeve (111). A tail cap (112) is installed at the end of the sleeve (111) to support the steel spring (113). The steel spring (114) is installed at the end of the sleeve (111). The front end of the hammer (113) is connected to the impact hammer (114), and the front end of the impact hammer (114) is provided with a through hole for detachably connecting to the hammer shaft (116). The hammer shaft (116) is coated with an eccentric positioning spring (115). The front end of the hammer shaft (116) is connected to the transmission shaft (117). The transmission shaft (117) passes through the pressure arm (11) and contacts the upper extrusion head (15). A head shell (118) is provided outside the transmission shaft (117) and is connected to the sleeve (111); The upper extrusion head (15) and the lower extrusion head (16) are provided with grooves on the facing surfaces thereof, and a concave slit (151) is provided in the groove of the upper extrusion head (15) corresponding to the tip of the walnut (9), and a convex piece (161) is provided in the groove of the lower extrusion head (16) corresponding to the tail of the walnut (9); The feeding mechanism (2) directs the walnuts (9) to the concave slits (151) of the upper extrusion head (15) and the convex pieces (161) of the lower extrusion head (16); A station conversion mechanism (8) is provided on the side of the turntable shaft (18) close to the stepping motor (22); The workstation conversion mechanism (8), the feeding mechanism (2), and the power mechanism are sequentially connected via pulleys (813) to transmit power.

2. The pneumatic impact twisting composite walnut directional shelling device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The extrusion head components are arranged in four groups at equal intervals around the circumference of the station conversion disk (19), one group close to the loading mechanism (2) is the loading station, the top group corresponding to the pressure arm (11) is the shell breaking station, and the group horizontally corresponding to the loading station is the unloading station.

3. The pneumatic impact twisting composite walnut directional shelling device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A material unloading bin (6) is correspondingly provided on the frame (7) at the lower part of the unloading station.

4. The pneumatic impact twisting composite walnut directional shelling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workstation conversion mechanism (8) comprises a grooved wheel (811) and a driving wheel (812). The grooved wheel (811) is fixed to the end of the turntable shaft (18) close to the stepping motor (22). The grooved wheel (811) cooperates with the meshing groove (8121) provided on the driving wheel (812) to perform constant angle intermittent rotation of the workstation conversion disk (19).

5. The pneumatic impact twisting composite walnut directional shelling device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (2) comprises a feeding roller input shaft (211), a chain (212), a feeding hook (213), and a sprocket (214). The feeding roller input shaft (211) is arranged next to the extrusion mechanism (1) on the top of the frame (7). The sprocket (214) is arranged at the bottom of the frame (7) corresponding to the feeding roller input shaft (211). The chain (212) connects the feeding roller input shaft (211) and the sprocket (214). A plurality of feeding hooks (213) corresponding to the positions of the extrusion head components are arranged at intervals on the chain (212).

6. The pneumatic impact twisting composite walnut directional shelling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (2) is also connected to a transport mechanism (5) arranged at the lower part of the frame (7) in front. The transport mechanism (5) comprises a conveyor belt motor (511) and a conveyor belt body (512). The conveyor belt motor (511) is fixed on the frame (7), and the lower end of the conveyor belt body (512) is connected to the conveyor belt motor (511). An inner groove is provided in the middle of the conveyor belt body (512) to ensure the directional transportation of the walnuts (9).

7. The pneumatic impact and twisting composite walnut directional shelling device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The power mechanism comprises a power motor (4) and a reducer (3); the power motor (4) is mounted beside a feeding mechanism (2) at the bottom of a frame (7); and the reducer (3) is mounted on the upper portion of the frame (7); a motor output shaft (313), a reducer input shaft (312), a reducer output shaft (311), a feeding roller input shaft (211), and a driving wheel (812) are sequentially connected by a pulley (813).

8. The shell breaking method of the pneumatic impact and twisting composite directional walnut shell breaking device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Start the power mechanism, which is connected to the reducer input shaft (312) via the motor output shaft (313) and the pulley (813), and drives the feed roller input shaft (211) to rotate through the reducer output shaft (311). The feed roller input shaft (211) drives the driving wheel (812) of the station conversion disk (19) through the synchronous belt, and then the driving wheel (812) drives the groove wheel (811) to intermittently move, and each movement angle is 90 degrees to realize the conversion of the station; Step 2: a batch of oriented walnuts (9) are fed into the conveyor belt body (512) in an orderly manner. The grooves in the conveyor belt body (512) ensure that the oriented walnuts (9) are in a stable posture during transportation. The walnuts (9) fall into the feeding hooks (213) one by one under the action of gravity and are transported upwards as driven by the sprocket (214). At this time, a walnut (9) falls into each upward hook of the feeding hook (213). When the feeding hook (213) rises to the middle of the extrusion head assembly at the feeding position, the extrusion head (16) assembly moves oppositely to clamp the walnuts (9) under the action of the rodless micro cylinder (14) and rotates toward the shelling station; Step 3: The driving wheel (812) rotates to rotate the walnut (9) at the loading station to the shell breaking station, and the rodless cylinder (13) is started. The pressure arm (11) moves upward to the extrusion head (15). When the pressure arm (11) is not in contact with the upper extrusion head (15), the hammer shaft (116) in the pressure arm (11) is tilted under the action of the eccentric positioning spring (115). When the rodless cylinder (13) drives the pressure arm (11) to squeeze the walnut (9), the eccentric positioning spring (115) is compressed first, and the hammer shaft (116) supports the edge side of the hammer (114) and does not insert into the center through hole, pushing the hammer (114). The hammer shaft (116) in the tilted state directly squeezes the hole wall of the hammer (114), causing the hammer (114) to continuously compress the steel spring (113) for energy storage. As the stroke continues to advance, the eccentric positioning spring (115) during the movement of the hammer shaft (116) is compressed. 115) is continuously compressed and reaches the point where the two centers coincide, the eccentric positioning spring (115) also corrects the hammer shaft (116) so that it is forced to be concentric with the through hole of the impact hammer (114). At this time, the head of the hammer shaft (116) contacts the impact hammer (114) from the side and is forced to be pushed into the central hole of the impact hammer (114). At this moment, the existence of the stroke drop causes the compressed steel spring (113) to be stretched, and the potential energy is quickly converted into kinetic energy, pushing the impact hammer (114) at high speed to impact the hammer shaft (116), thereby transferring the energy to the transmission shaft (117). At the same time, under the action of the transmission shaft (117), an instantaneous impact force is also generated on the walnut (9), causing the walnut (9) to break. After the pressure arm (11) completes the extrusion, the lower extrusion head (16) rotates a certain angle under the magnetic drive of the stepping motor (22). Through the combined motion of twisting and extrusion, the previously broken shell crack is further expanded to facilitate the separation of the shell and the kernel. Step 4: After the driving wheel (812) rotates one circle again, the walnuts (9) that have been broken at the shelling station are transferred to the unloading station, and the extrusion head assembly slides open in the opposite direction along with the cylinder guide rail (17), and the walnuts (9) fall into the unloading bin (6), thus completing a shelling cycle.

Images