A method of determining quantum tampering and related devices

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide a method for determining quantum interference and related equipment. The method comprises: inputting a control signal on a first quantum bit, measuring the second quantum bit and the first quantum bit respectively according to the measurement operator of the second quantum bit and the measurement operator of the first quantum bit, and obtaining a set of measurement expectation values; and determining interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit according to a Hamiltonian model of a quantum chip and the set of measurement expectation values, the interference information being related to time. The method can determine the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit, i.e., the dynamic process of the interference, according to the Hamiltonian of the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit and the measurement expectation values of the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit, thereby providing a reference for how to correct the interference signal, reducing the influence of the interference on quantum gate operation, and improving the accuracy of quantum gate operation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to the computer field, and particularly relate to a method for determining quantum interference, a computer device, a computer equipment, a chip system and a computer readable storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] For a computing task with a large amount of information, quantum computers have more advantages than classical computers due to their faster running speed and stronger information processing capability. In order to achieve high-reliability and error-correctable quantum computing, high-precision quantum gate operations need to be performed on a large number of qubits. In quantum computing based on superconducting quantum circuits, the frequency and state of qubits need to be adjusted by control signals (such as magnetic flux bias and microwave pulse). During the transmission of control signals from room temperature to qubits in a very low temperature environment, the waveform of the signals is distorted due to the inevitable stray inductance in the circuit and mutual inductance between the circuits, and there is mutual interference between the signals, which seriously affects the accuracy of quantum gate operations. In order to improve the accuracy of quantum gate operations, it is necessary to eliminate the mutual interference between the signals, so it is necessary to determine the physical process of interference, that is, to determine the interference information of the signal acting on the first qubit on the second qubit. Among them, the first qubit and the second qubit are any two qubits in a plurality of qubits in a quantum chip. After determining the mutual interference between the signals, the mutual interference between the signals can be reduced by performing reverse operations on the signals converted from the computing task, thereby improving the accuracy of quantum gate operations.

[0003] The current method for determining interference usually assumes that the coupling process of interference is static (i.e., interference is a fixed constant). However, in fact, since the interference is related to the frequency of the signal, the coupling process of interference should be a dynamic process (i.e., interference should be a variable). The current method cannot accurately eliminate interference, thereby reducing the accuracy of quantum gate operations.

[0004] How to determine the dynamic process of interference between signals so as to reduce the influence of interference on quantum gate operations and improve the accuracy of quantum gate operations has become a problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide a method for determining quantum interference, a computing device, a computing equipment, a chip system and a computer readable storage medium, which can determine the dynamic process of interference between signals, thereby reducing the influence of interference on quantum gate operations and improving the accuracy of quantum gate operations.

[0006] In a first aspect, a method for determining quantum interference is provided. The method comprises: inputting a control signal on a first qubit; measuring the first qubit and a second qubit according to measurement operators of the first qubit and the second qubit, respectively, to obtain a set of measurement expectation values; and determining, according to a Hamiltonian model of a quantum chip and the set of measurement expectation values, interference information of a signal acting on the first qubit on the second qubit, the interference information being related to time.

[0007] The set of measurement expectation values includes N first measurement expectation values and N second measurement expectation values. The N first measurement expectation values are obtained by measuring the first qubit at N time points, respectively. The N second measurement expectation values are obtained by measuring the second qubit at the N time points, respectively. The first qubit and the second qubit are two of a plurality of qubits included in the quantum chip. N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The Hamiltonian model includes a Hamiltonian of the first qubit and a Hamiltonian of the second qubit.

[0008] In the embodiments of the present application, the computing device can input a control signal on the first qubit, and obtain measurement expectation values of the first qubit and the second qubit according to measurement operators of the first qubit and the second qubit. The computing device can also determine interference information of a signal acting on the first qubit on the second qubit, i.e., determine the dynamic process of the interference, according to the Hamiltonians of the first qubit and the second qubit and the measurement expectation values of the first qubit and the second qubit, thereby facilitating reduction of the influence of the interference on quantum gate operation and improvement of the accuracy of quantum gate operation.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the set of distorted signals and the set of interference values are determined according to the Hamiltonian model and the set of measurement expectation values; and the interference information is determined by fitting the set of distorted signals and the set of interference values.

[0010] The set of distorted signals includes N distorted signal values, and the N distorted signal values are values of the signal acting on the first qubit at the N time points, respectively. The set of interference values includes N interference values, and the nth interference value in the N interference values is used to indicate the influence of the signal acting on the first qubit at the nth time point in the N time points on the second qubit, n = 1,..., N.

[0011] In the embodiments of the present application, the computing device can determine the set of distorted signals and the set of interference values according to the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip and the set of measurement expectation values. The computing device can also fit the interference information of the signal acting on the first qubit on the second qubit according to the set of distorted signals and the set of interference values, thereby reducing the influence of the interference on quantum gate operation and improving the accuracy of quantum gate operation.

[0012] In some implementations of the first aspect, the set of distortion signals and the set of interference values are fitted to determine fitting interference information; in a case where a fitting error of the fitting interference information is greater than a preset threshold, a function model or a Hamiltonian model used for fitting is adjusted, the fitting interference information is re-determined according to the adjusted model, and the interference information is determined according to the re-determined fitting interference information; in a case where the fitting error of the fitting interference information is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the fitting interference information is taken as the interference information.

[0013] In some implementations of the first aspect, the fitting error of the fitting interference information is a difference between an n th fitting interference value calculated by the fitting interference information and an n th interference value in the set of interference values.

[0014] In the embodiments of the present application, the computing device can more accurately determine the dynamic process of the interference according to the fitting error of the fitting interference information and the preset threshold, thereby reducing the influence of the interference on the quantum gate operation and improving the accuracy of the quantum gate operation.

[0015] In some implementations of the first aspect, the set of distortion signals and the set of interference values are fitted to determine fitting interference information; in a case where a fitting error of the fitting interference information is greater than a preset threshold, a function model or a Hamiltonian model used for fitting is adjusted, the fitting interference information is re-determined according to the adjusted model, and the interference information is determined according to the re-determined fitting interference information; in a case where the fitting error of the fitting interference information is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the fitting interference information is taken as the interference information.

[0016] In the embodiments of the present application, the computing device can determine the set of distortion signals according to the Hamiltonian of the quantum chip and the set of measurement expectation values. The computing device can further fit the control signal and the set of distortion signals to determine the distortion process between the control signal and the signal acting on the first quantum bit.

[0017] In some implementations of the first aspect, the N interference values are interference values between bias lines of the quantum chip, or the N interference values are interference values between control lines of the quantum chip.

[0018] In the embodiments of the present application, the computing device can determine the interference information between the bias lines of the quantum chip according to the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip and the set of measurement expectation values. The computing device can further determine the interference information between the control lines of the quantum chip according to the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip and the set of measurement expectation values.

[0019] In some implementations of the first aspect, in a case where the interference information is the interference information between the bias lines, the control signal is input to the Z channel of the first quantum bit, and the measurement operator of the first quantum bit includes σ x In some implementations of the first aspect, in a case where the interference information is the interference information between the control lines, the control signal is input to the X channel of the first quantum bit, and the measurement operator of the first quantum bit includes σ y In some implementations of the first aspect, in a case where the interference information is the interference information between the control lines, the control signal is input to the X channel of the first quantum bit, and the measurement operator of the first quantum bit includes σ x In some implementations of the first aspect, in a case where the interference information is the interference information between the control lines, the control signal is input to the X channel of the first quantum bit, and the measurement operator of the first quantum bit includes σ yMeasurement operator.

[0020] In the embodiments of the present application, the computing device can determine the interference information between the bias lines of the quantum chip by inputting a control signal to the Z channel of the first quantum bit, and by obtaining the measurement expectation value of the first quantum bit and the measurement expectation value of the second quantum bit.

[0021] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, when the interference information is the interference information between the control lines, the control signal is input to the XY channel of the first quantum bit, the phase of the control signal is 0, and the measurement operator of the first quantum bit includes σ y measurement operator or σ z measurement operator, and the measurement operator of the second quantum bit includes σ x measurement operator, σ y measurement operator, or σ z measurement operator. Alternatively, when the interference information is the interference information between the control lines, the control signal is input to the XY channel of the first quantum bit, the phase of the control signal is π / 2, and the measurement operator of the first quantum bit includes σ x measurement operator or σ z measurement operator, and the measurement operator of the second quantum bit includes σ x measurement operator, σ y measurement operator, or σ z measurement operator.

[0022] In the embodiments of the present application, the computing device can determine the interference information between the control lines of the quantum chip by inputting a control signal to the XY channel of the first quantum bit, and by obtaining the measurement expectation value of the first quantum bit and the measurement expectation value of the second quantum bit.

[0023] In the second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a computing device, which includes units for implementing the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0024] In the third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a quantum computer system. The quantum computer system includes a processor, a quantum chip, a quantum computer control system and a quantum chip support system. The processor is configured to send a control signal instruction to the quantum computer control system, and the quantum computer control system is configured to send a control signal to the quantum chip according to the control signal instruction. The quantum chip includes a plurality of quantum bits, and the quantum chip support system is configured to provide an environment required by the quantum chip. The processor is further configured to execute the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0025] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computing device, comprising a processor configured to couple with a memory, read and execute instructions and / or program codes in the memory to perform the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0026] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, comprising a logic circuit configured to couple with an input / output interface, transmit data through the input / output interface to perform the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0027] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores program codes, when the computer readable storage medium is run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0028] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, comprising: computer program codes, when the computer program codes are run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum computer.

[0030] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining quantum interference according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining interference information according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining quantum interference according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of interference information and a distortion signal according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 7 is a comparative schematic diagram of interference information and real interference information according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of interference information and a distortion signal according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram comparing interference information with actual interference information according to another embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining a distorted signal according to an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 11 This is a schematic structural diagram of a computing device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 12 This is a schematic structural diagram of a computing device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application can be applied to various computer devices containing quantum chips, such as quantum computers and quantum servers, but the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the quantum computer 100. Figure 1 The quantum computer 100 shown includes a quantum computer control system 110, a quantum chip support system 120, a processor 130, and a memory 140. Alternatively, as technology evolves, the quantum computer 100 may include only the quantum computer control system 110, the quantum chip support system 120, and the memory 140.

[0044] The quantum computer control system 110 can receive information from the processor 130, which can include control signal instructions. The quantum computer control system 110 can generate control signals according to the control signal instructions and send the control signals to the quantum chip 121 through the quantum chip support system 120, thereby completing the computation process. The quantum computer control system 110 can also obtain signals representing quantum state information of the quantum bits in the quantum chip 121 through the quantum chip support system 120. Specifically, the quantum computer control system 110 can send control signals to the quantum chip 121 and obtain output signals of the quantum chip 121, which can be used to represent quantum state information of the quantum bits. The control signals are used to implement quantum gate operations. Quantum gate operations are a set of quantum bits undergoing a specified evolution process of controlled quantum. For example, a single quantum gate X = [0, 1; 1, 0] can be used to realize the evolution of a quantum bit from the ground state (or |0> state) to the excited state (or |1> state). The quantum computer control system 110 can also convert the signals representing the quantum state information of the quantum bits into quantum state information and send it to the processor 130. The signals representing the quantum state information of the quantum bits can be current, voltage, etc.

[0045] The quantum chip support system 120 can provide the necessary operating environment for the quantum chip, so the quantum chip 121 is generally arranged inside the quantum chip support system 120. The quantum chip support system 120 can include a dilution refrigerator, a heat sink device, an electromagnetic shielding device, a low-temperature filter, etc. The dilution refrigerator can provide the extremely low temperature environment required by the quantum chip 121 close to absolute zero. The heat sink device can quickly take away the heat generated by the quantum chip 121, helping the quantum chip 121 to work in the appropriate temperature or environment. The electromagnetic shielding device can reduce the electric field radiation noise and the magnetic field radiation noise in the environment, thereby suppressing the influence of electromagnetic radiation noise on the performance of the quantum chip 121. The low-temperature filter can filter all irrelevant signals of other frequency bands except the control signals sent by the quantum computer control system 110.

[0046] The quantum chip 121 integrates quantum circuits on a substrate, so that quantum information processing can be performed. The quantum circuit can be a circuit including at least one quantum bit, an input signal interface, and an output signal interface. The input signal interface and the output signal interface can include electronic elements such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, and the like. The at least one quantum bit can be a superconducting quantum bit, and each quantum bit can include electronic elements such as resistors, inductors, Josephson junctions (JJ), and the like. The quantum chip 121 can receive a control signal from the quantum computer control system 110, and perform quantum gate operations on the quantum bits in the quantum circuit according to the control signal, so as to complete the computation. The quantum chip 121 can generate a signal for representing quantum state information of the quantum bits, and transmit the signal to the quantum computer control system 110 through the quantum chip support system 120.

[0047] The processor 130 can be a central processing unit (CPU) or a graphics processing unit (GPU), etc. The processor 130 can determine a computation task, and can obtain information required for computation, such as quantum gates, from the memory 140. The quantum gate can be a matrix, so as to help the quantum bits evolve from a ground state to an excited state. The processor 130 can also convert the computation task into a control signal instruction, and send the control signal instruction to the quantum computer control system 110. The processor 130 can also obtain quantum state information from the quantum computer control system 110, and convert the information into binary data, such as a set of measurement expectation values, etc. The processor 130 can also store the binary data into the memory 140. The processor 130 can also determine interference information of a second quantum bit caused by a signal acting on a first quantum bit in the quantum chip, according to the obtained set of measurement expectation values and a Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip.

[0048] The memory 140 can store information required for computation, such as quantum gates, and can also store the computation results obtained by the processor 130, such as a set of measurement expectation values. The memory 140 can be a non-volatile memory or a volatile memory, etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0049] With the evolution of technology, in the case that the quantum computer 100 does not include the processor 130, the quantum computer control system 110 can also perform the methods or steps that the processor 130 can perform. For example, the quantum computer control system 110 can determine a computing task, and can obtain information required for the computation, such as quantum gates, from the memory 140. The quantum computer control system 110 can also convert the computing task and the information required for the computation into a control signal, and send the control signal to the quantum chip 121 through the quantum chip support system 120. The quantum computer control system 110 can also obtain quantum state information and store it in the memory 140. The memory 140 can store information required for the computation or quantum state information.

[0050] The quantum computer 100 can input a control signal to the quantum chip, obtain a set of measurement expectation values, and also determine the interference information of the second quantum bit caused by the signal acting on the first quantum bit according to the set of measurement expectation values and the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip. The quantum computer 100 can determine the dynamic process of the interference in the quantum chip, thereby reducing the influence of the interference on the quantum gate operation and improving the accuracy of the quantum gate operation.

[0051] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the quantum device 200. Figure 2 The quantum device 200 in includes an arbitrary wave generator 210, a microwave generator 220, a modulator 230, a dilution refrigerator 240, an attenuator 250, a quantum chip 260, a low-temperature amplifier 270, a normal-temperature amplifier 280, and a measurement device 290.

[0052] The arbitrary wave generator (AWG) 210 is configured to generate a control signal with the microwave generator 220 through the modulator 230, and send the control signal to the quantum chip 260 in the dilution refrigerator 240. Since a control signal that is too large can cause the temperature of the dilution refrigerator 240 to rise, thereby affecting the normal operation of the quantum chip 260, the control signal needs to pass through the attenuator 250 before being input into the quantum chip 260. The attenuator 250 is configured to adjust the size of the control signal.

[0053] After receiving the processed control signal, the quantum chip 260 can generate a signal representing quantum state information of the quantum bit, and can transmit the signal to the measurement device 290. The measurement device 290 can obtain the signal representing the quantum state information from the quantum chip 260 and process it, thereby obtaining the quantum state information. Since the signal contains noise, the signal needs to pass through the cryogenic amplifier 270 and the normal temperature amplifier 280, thereby filtering the noise, so that the measurement device 290 can obtain the signal after filtering the noise. The measurement device 290 includes a modulator and the like.

[0054] Figure 2 The any-wave generator 210, the microwave generator 220, the modulator 230, and the measurement device 290 in Figure 1 The quantum computer control system 110 in Figure 2 The dilution refrigerator 240, the attenuator 250, the cryogenic amplifier 270, and the normal temperature amplifier 280 in Figure 1 The quantum chip support system 120 in Figure 2 The quantum chip 260 in Figure 1 The quantum chip 121 in

[0055] Figure 3 The method for determining quantum interference. Figure 3 The method can be performed by the quantum computer of Figure 1 The quantum device of Figure 2 The method in Figure 3 The method includes the following steps.

[0056] S310, input a control signal on a first quantum bit, and measure the second quantum bit and the first quantum bit according to a measurement operator of the second quantum bit and a measurement operator of the first quantum bit, respectively, to obtain a set of measurement expectation values.

[0057] The computing device can input a control signal on a first quantum bit, and measure the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit, respectively, to obtain a set of measurement expectation values. The set of measurement expectation values includes N first measurement expectation values and N second measurement expectation values, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0058] The N first measurement expectation values are expectation values obtained by measuring the first quantum bit at N time points, and the N second measurement expectation values are expectation values obtained by measuring the second quantum bit at the N time points. The first quantum bit and the second quantum bit are any two quantum bits in a plurality of quantum bits included in the quantum chip. The N time points are all or part of the time points in a period from the start of inputting the control signal to the end of inputting the control signal.

[0059] Optionally, the operator is used to represent a mathematical operation. The measurement operator of a quantum bit is used to determine the expectation of the eigenstate and probability of the quantum bit. In the case that the measurement operator of a quantum bit is a Pauli operator (i.e., σ x measurement operator, σ y measurement operator, or σ z measurement operator), the σ x measurement operator of a quantum bit can be used to measure the measurement expectation value of the quantum state of the quantum bit in the x direction, the σ y measurement operator of a quantum bit can be used to measure the measurement expectation value of the quantum state of the quantum bit in the y direction, the σ z measurement operator of a quantum bit can be used to measure the measurement expectation value of the quantum state of the quantum bit in the z direction. Wherein, σ x , σ y and σ z are 2x2 unitary Hermite complex matrices, σ x , σ y and σ z constitute a Pauli matrix,

[0060] For example, assuming that the measurement operator of a quantum bit is σ x measurement operator, the σ x measurement operator can be used to measure the measurement expectation value of the quantum state of the quantum bit in the x direction.

[0061] Optionally, before step S310, the computing device can determine the measurement operator of the first quantum bit and the measurement operator of the second quantum bit. Alternatively, the computing device can determine the measurement operator of the first quantum bit and the measurement operator of the second quantum bit through other devices connected to the computing device, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0062] Optionally, the computing device can determine the measurement operator of the first quantum bit and the measurement operator of the second quantum bit according to the type of the determined interference. The type of the interference can be classified as interference between bias lines of a quantum chip or interference between control lines of a quantum chip. The bias line of a quantum chip is the Z channel of a quantum bit in a quantum chip, which can transmit a bias current. The interference between bias lines of a quantum chip is the interference of the bias current transmitted in the Z channel of the first quantum bit of a quantum chip to other quantum bits except the first quantum bit. The control line of a quantum chip is the XY channel of a quantum bit in a quantum chip, which can transmit a control current. The interference between control lines of a quantum chip is the interference of the control current transmitted in the XY channel of the first quantum bit of a quantum chip to other quantum bits except the first quantum bit. The control signal can be a bias current or a control current, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0063] Optionally, in order to determine the interference information between A channels, at least 2A measurement operators need to be determined. Wherein, A is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0064] In the case that the interference to be determined is the interference between the bias lines of the quantum chip, the computing device can input a control signal to the Z channel of the first quantum bit. In this case, the measurement operator of the first quantum bit can be σ x measurement operator or σ y measurement operator, the measurement operator of the second quantum bit can be σ x measurement operator or σ y measurement operator. That is, the computing device can measure the x direction or the y direction of the first quantum bit, and can also measure the x direction or the y direction of the second quantum bit.

[0065] In the case that the interference to be determined is the interference between the control lines of the quantum chip, the computing device can input a control signal to the XY channel of the first quantum bit. Specifically, in the case that the computing device inputs a control signal to the XY channel of the first quantum bit, and the phase of the control signal is 0, the measurement operator of the first quantum bit can be σ y measurement operator or σ z measurement operator, the measurement operator of the second quantum bit can be σ x measurement operator, σ y measurement operator, or σ z measurement operator. That is, the y direction or the z direction of the first quantum bit can be measured, and any two directions of the x direction, the y direction, or the z direction of the second quantum bit can be measured. In the case that the computing device inputs a control signal to the XY channel of the first quantum bit, and the phase of the control signal is π / 2, the measurement operator of the first quantum bit can be σ x measurement operator or σ z measurement operator, the measurement operator of the second quantum bit can be σ x measurement operator, σ y measurement operator, or σ z measurement operator. That is, the x direction or the z direction of the first quantum bit can be measured, and any two directions of the x direction, the y direction, or the z direction of the second quantum bit can be measured.

[0066] Optionally, the computing device can measure the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit according to the determined measurement operators of the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit, so as to obtain the measurement expectation value of each quantum bit. Specifically, if the measurement operator of the first quantum bit is σ zIf the measurement operator of the first qubit is σ x, the measurement manner can be: first performing a rotation operation of 90 degrees around the x axis on the first qubit, and then performing measurement to obtain the measurement expectation value. x If the measurement operator of the first qubit is σ x, the measurement manner can be: first performing a rotation operation of 90 degrees around the x axis on the first qubit, and then performing measurement to obtain the measurement expectation value. y If the measurement operator of the first qubit is σ x, the measurement manner can be: first performing a rotation operation of 90 degrees around the x axis on the first qubit, and then performing measurement to obtain the measurement expectation value.

[0067] Optionally, the computing device can input control signals at N time instants on the first qubit. The control signal at the nth time instant can make the first qubit in a fixed quantum state, for example, make the first qubit in a ground state (or |0> state), an excited state (or |1> state, or a superposition state, etc. The control signal at the nth time instant can also make the second qubit in a fixed quantum state, for example, make the second qubit in a ground state (or |0> state), an excited state (or |1> state, or a superposition state, etc. If the qubit is in the ground state, the measurement expectation value of the qubit in the z direction is -1. If the qubit is in the excited state, the measurement expectation value of the qubit in the z direction is 1. If the qubit is in the superposition state, such as |0>+|1>, the measurement expectation value of the qubit in the z direction is 0.

[0068] For example, the computing device can input control signals at N time instants on the first qubit, and perform measurement in the z direction of the first qubit and the z direction of the second qubit, respectively. If the control signal can make the first qubit in the ground state (or |0> state), the measurement expectation value of the first qubit in the z direction is -1. If the control signal makes the second qubit in the excited state (or |1> state), the measurement expectation value of the second qubit in the z direction is 1.

[0069] Optionally, if the input control signal time is relatively long and the value of N is relatively large, the control signal is relatively stable, and the measurement expectation value in the measurement expectation value set that can be obtained is relatively large, so that the accuracy of the determined interference information is relatively high. If the input control signal time is relatively short and the value of N is relatively small, the control signal can not be stable, and the measurement expectation value in the measurement expectation value set that can be obtained is relatively small, so that the accuracy of the determined interference information is relatively low. For example, assuming that a control signal of 40 microseconds is input, and the unit is 1 microsecond, the value of N can be determined as 40. Or, assuming that a control signal of 40 microseconds is input, and the unit is 0.5 microsecond, the value of N can be determined as 80.

[0070] Optionally, N can be set to the same or different values according to different actual needs or the time length required for the control signal to reach a stable state, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0071] S320, according to the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip and the measurement expectation value set, determine the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit.

[0072] The computing device can determine the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit according to the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip and the measurement expectation value set. The interference information is related to time. The Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip includes the Hamiltonian of the first quantum bit and the Hamiltonian of the second quantum bit.

[0073] Optionally, before step S320, the computing device can determine the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip. Alternatively, the computing device can obtain the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip through other devices connected to the computing device.

[0074] Optionally, the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip can be determined according to the hardware structure of the quantum chip. The hardware structure of the quantum chip refers to the connection relationship between the plurality of quantum bits included in the quantum chip. The plurality of quantum bits can be connected in different types through capacitors, inductors and other electronic elements, thereby forming a quantum chip. For different hardware structures of the quantum chip, different Hamiltonian models of the quantum chip can be determined.

[0075] For example, assuming that the quantum chip includes the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit, the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip can be represented as: H = H0 + u1H1 + u2H2 + m 21 H2. Wherein, u1 is the signal acting on the first quantum bit, u2 is the signal acting on the second quantum bit, m 21 represents the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit. H is the Hamiltonian of the quantum chip, H0 is the inherent property of the quantum chip, H1 is the Hamiltonian of the first quantum bit, and H2 is the Hamiltonian of the second quantum bit. The Hamiltonian of the quantum chip is a physical quantity in quantum mechanics that describes the total energy of the quantum chip. The Hamiltonian of the quantum bit is a physical quantity in quantum mechanics that describes the energy of the quantum bit.

[0076] For example, assuming that the quantum chip includes the first quantum bit, the second quantum bit and the third quantum bit, the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip can be represented as: H = H0 + u1H1 + u2H2 + u3H3 + m 21 H2 + m 31 H3. Wherein, u3 is the signal acting on the second quantum bit, m 31represents interference information of the signal acting on the first qubit on the third qubit, and H3 is a Hamiltonian of the third qubit.

[0077] Optionally, according to different hardware structures of the quantum chip, there are various specific implementation manners of the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0078] Optionally, the computing device can determine the interference information according to a linear or nonlinear relationship between the interference information and the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip and the set of measurement expectation values obtained in step S310.

[0079] For example, it is assumed that the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip is

[0080] where H0 represents inherent properties of the quantum chip, and H0 is a fixed value for one quantum chip. For different quantum chips, the value of H0 can be the same or different. In some quantum chips, H0 = 0. k represents a Hamiltonian of the kth qubit, and H q represents a Hamiltonian of the qth qubit. k = 1, 2, and q is a number different from k in 1 or 2. u k represents a signal acting on the kth qubit, and m qk represents interference information of the signal acting on the kth qubit on the qth qubit.

[0081] It is assumed that the linear relationship between the interference information of the signal acting on the first qubit on the second qubit and the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip and the set of measurement expectation values is the following formula (1):

[0082]

[0083] where O1 represents a measurement operator of the first qubit, and O2 represents a measurement operator of the second qubit. <o1>representing a measurement expectation value of the first qubit, <o2>a measurement expectation value of the second qubit. a time derivative of the measurement expectation value of the first qubit, <o1>(t) denotes the measurement expectation value of the first qubit at the tth time instant, <o1>(t+dt) represents a measurement expectation value of the first qubit at the (t+dt)th time. a time derivative of the measurement expectation value of the second qubit, <o2>(t) denotes the measurement expectation value of the second qubit at the tth time instant, <o2>(t+dt) represents the measurement expectation value of the second qubit at the (t+dt) th time. i is an imaginary number, i.e. i 2 = -1. i[H k , p ] = i(H k , p -O p H k ), p = 1, 2, <i[H k , p ] represents the expectation of i(H k , p -O p H k ). u1 represents the signal acting on the first qubit. m 21 represents the interference information of the signal acting on the first qubit to the second qubit.

[0084] Suppose H1 represents the Hamiltonian of the interaction of the z-direction control signal of the first qubit and the first qubit, and O1 represents the measurement operator of the σ x of the first qubit. In some implementations, <i[H1, O1]> can be obtained by measuring the y-direction of the first qubit. Alternatively, in some implementations, <i[H1, O1]> can be obtained by calculating the quantum state of the qubit and the measurement operator. For example, assuming that the quantum state of the first qubit is the ground state, and the ground state is [1, 0], then:

[0085]

[0086] Alternatively, the computing device determines the interference information of the signal acting on the first qubit to the second qubit according to the Hamiltonian model and the set of measurement expectation values. The specific implementation of the present application is not limited.

[0087] Alternatively, the computing device can input the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip and the set of measurement expectation values into the interference information calculation model, so as to determine the interference information of the signal acting on the first qubit to the second qubit.

[0088] Alternatively, the interference information calculation model can be a mapping relationship between the Hamiltonian model, the set of measurement expectation values and the interference information.

[0089] Optionally, the interference information calculation model can be a model obtained by machine learning training according to a training data set. The training data set can include a Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip, a set of measurement expectation values, interference information, and a mapping relationship between the Hamiltonian model, the set of measurement expectation values, and the interference information.

[0090] Optionally, before step S320, the computing device can obtain the trained interference information calculation model. Alternatively, before step S320, the computing device can obtain a training data set and train the model according to the training data set to obtain the trained interference information calculation model.

[0091] Optionally, the computing device can determine a set of distortion signals and a set of interference values according to the Hamiltonian model and the set of measurement expectation values. The set of distortion signals includes N distortion signal values, and the N distortion signal values are respectively values of signals acting on the first quantum bit at N time points. The set of interference values includes N interference values, and the nth interference value in the N interference values is used to indicate an influence of a signal acting on the first quantum bit at an nth time point in the N time points on the second quantum bit, n = 1, …, N. The computing device can further fit the set of distortion signals and the set of interference values to determine the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit. For specific implementation manners, refer to the description of Figure 4 .

[0092] Optionally, after obtaining the set of distortion signals and the set of interference values, the computing device can fit the set of distortion signals and the set of interference values to determine fitted interference information. The computing device can further determine the interference information according to a fitting error of the fitted interference information and a preset threshold. For specific implementation manners, refer to the description of Figure 5 .

[0093] Optionally, after step S320, the computing device can add an additional signal to the calculation task signal according to the determined interference information, so as to eliminate or reduce the influence of the interference information on the calculation task signal and improve the accuracy of the quantum gate operation. The calculation task signal is a signal generated according to a to-be-calculated calculation task, and the calculation task signal can act on the first quantum bit or the second quantum bit. The additional signal can be used to eliminate or reduce the influence of the interference information on the calculation task signal, and the additional signal is a time-dependent signal, that is, a signal that changes with time.

[0094] For example, assuming that the time domain model of the interference information is converted into a frequency domain model, the interference value corresponding to each frequency in the frequency domain can be determined. The computing device can determine the interference value corresponding to each frequency of the computing task signal according to different frequencies of the computing task signal, so as to eliminate or reduce the influence of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit at the frequency. Since the interference value corresponding to each frequency is not completely the same, the additional signal value corresponding to each frequency is also not completely the same. The additional signal values corresponding to different frequencies can be converted into additional signal values corresponding to different times, so that the additional signal added in the computing task signal can be expressed as a signal changing over time.

[0095] The computing device can input a control signal on the first quantum bit, and obtain a measurement expectation value of the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit according to a measurement operator of the first quantum bit and a measurement operator of the second quantum bit. The computing device can also determine the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit according to the Hamiltonian of the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit, and the measurement expectation value of the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit, that is, determine the dynamic process of the interference, so as to reduce the influence of the interference on the quantum gate operation and improve the accuracy of the quantum gate operation.

[0096] Figure 4 The method of determining the interference information. Figure 4 The method of determining the interference information can be executed by Figure 1 The quantum computer of determining the interference information or Figure 2 The quantum device of determining the interference information. Figure 4 The method in the quantum computer includes the following steps.

[0097] S410, determining a set of distortion signals and a set of interference values according to the Hamiltonian model and the set of measurement expectation values.

[0098] The computing device can determine a set of distortion signals and a set of interference values according to the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip and the set of measurement expectation values obtained according to step S320. The set of distortion signals includes N distortion signal values, and the N distortion signal values are respectively values of the signal acting on the first quantum bit at N time points. The set of interference values includes N interference values, and the nth interference value in the N interference values is used to indicate the influence of the signal acting on the first quantum bit at the nth time point in the N time points on the second quantum bit, n = 1,..., N.

[0099] Optionally, the computing device can determine the distortion signal value and the interference value of each time point in the N time points according to the relationship between the Hamiltonian model, the measurement expectation value, the distortion signal value and the interference value, so as to obtain the set of distortion signals and the set of interference values.

[0100] Optionally, the N interference values in the set of interference values can be interference values between bias lines of the quantum chip. Alternatively, the N interference values can be interference values between control lines of the quantum chip.

[0101] In a case where the interference to be determined is interference between bias lines of the quantum chip, the computing device can input a control signal to a Z channel of the first qubit. In this case, the measurement operator of the first qubit can be σ x measurement operator, the measurement operator of the second qubit can be σ y measurement operator. That is, O1 is σ x measurement operator, and O2 is σ y measurement operator. The computing device can determine the distortion signal values and the interference values at the N time instants according to the measurement expectation value of the Hamiltonian of the first qubit and the measurement expectation value of the Hamiltonian of the second qubit.

[0102] For example, it is assumed that in a case where the interference to be determined is interference between bias lines of the quantum chip, the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip is

[0103] where u1 represents a signal acting on the first qubit, u2 represents a signal acting on the second qubit, m 21 represents interference information of the signal acting on the first qubit on the second qubit. represents a Hamiltonian of interaction of the control signal in the x direction of the first qubit and the first qubit, that is, represents a Hamiltonian of interaction of the control signal in the x direction of the second qubit and the second qubit, that is, I represents a unit matrix, represents a vector product. Since in the Pauli matrix Therefore In the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip, H0=0.

[0104] Optionally, the basis for determining the measurement operator of each qubit can be that the measurement operator of each qubit can make the relationship between the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip, the measurement expectation value obtained according to the measurement operator, and the distortion signal value and the interference value be a linear reversible relationship.

[0105] For example, since the interference to be determined is bias line interference, it can be assumed that the measurement operator of the first qubit is σ x measurement operator, and the measurement operator of the second qubit is σ x measurement operator. That is, O1 is σ x1 measurement operator, and O2 is σ x2 measurement operator.

[0106] Suppose that the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip, the measurement expectation value, the relationship between the distortion signal value and the interference value is as follows: Since H0=0, [H0, O1]=0, [H0, O2]=0. Since O1 is a measurement operator of the x direction of the first quantum bit, and H1 represents the Hamiltonian of the control signal of the x direction of the first quantum bit and the interaction of the first quantum bit, [H1, O2]=0. That is, the following formula (2) can be obtained: x1 x2 Since O2 is a measurement operator of the x direction of the second quantum bit, and H2 represents the Hamiltonian of the control signal of the x direction of the second quantum bit and the interaction of the second quantum bit, [H2, O1]=0. That is, the following formula (2) can be obtained:

[0107]

[0108] wherein, represents the time derivative of the measurement expectation value of the x direction of the first quantum bit, represents the time derivative of the measurement expectation value of the x direction of the second quantum bit. <i[H1, O1]> represents the measurement expectation value of the y direction of the first quantum bit, and <i[H2, O2]> represents the measurement expectation value of the y direction of the second quantum bit. That is, the measurement expectation value of the first quantum bit and the measurement expectation value of the second quantum bit can constitute a linear reversible equation as formula (2).

[0109] At N time points, the computing device can obtain N measurement expectation values of the x direction of the first quantum bit, N measurement expectation values of the y direction of the first quantum bit, N measurement expectation values of the x direction of the second quantum bit, and N measurement expectation values of the y direction of the second quantum bit, respectively. The computing device can also bring the above measurement expectation values into formula (2), thereby determining N distortion signal values u1 and N interference values m 21 , that is, obtaining a distortion signal set and an interference value set.

[0110] In the case where the interference to be determined is the interference between the control lines of the quantum chip, the computing device can input a control signal to the XY channel of the first quantum bit. If the phase of the control signal is 0, the measurement operator of the first quantum bit can be σ y , or σ z , the measurement operator of the second quantum bit can be σ x , σ y , or σ z , any two of the measurement operators. If the phase of the control signal is π / 2, the measurement operator of the first quantum bit can be σ x , or σ z ​The measurement operator of the second qubit can be σ x The measurement operator, σ y The measurement operator, or σ z Any two of the measurement operators. The computing device can determine the distortion signal value and the interference value at the N time instants according to the measurement expectation value of the Hamiltonian of the first qubit and the measurement expectation value of the Hamiltonian of the second qubit.

[0111] For example, assuming that the interference to be determined is the interference between the control lines of the quantum chip, a control signal is input to the XY channel of the first qubit, and the phase of the control signal is 0, the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip is:

[0112]

[0113] wherein u1 represents the signal acting on the first qubit, and u2 represents the signal acting on the second qubit. represents the Hamiltonian of the interaction of the x-direction control signal of the first qubit and the first qubit, that is, represents the Hamiltonian of the interaction of the x-direction control signal of the second qubit and the second qubit, that is, represents the Hamiltonian of the interaction of the y-direction control signal of the second qubit and the second qubit, that is, I represents a unit matrix, represents the vector product. Since in the Pauli matrix Therefore Since in the Pauli matrix Therefore m' 21 sin((ω1-ω2)t) represents the interference information of the signal acting on the first qubit on the second qubit, that is, m 21 =m' 21 sin((ω1-ω2)t). m' 21 cos((ω1-ω2)t) is information related to m 21 ω1 represents the angular frequency of the signal acting on the first qubit, and ω2 represents the angular frequency of the signal acting on the second qubit. In the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip, the initial Hamiltonian of the quantum chip is H0=0.

[0114] Optionally, the basis for determining the measurement operator of each qubit can be that the measurement operator of each qubit can make the relationship between the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip, the measurement expectation value obtained according to the measurement operator, the distortion signal value and the interference value be a linear reversible relationship.

[0115] For example, since the disturbance to be determined is the disturbance between the control lines, it can be assumed that the measurement operator of the first qubit is σ z the measurement operator of the second qubit is σ x the measurement operator is σ z the measurement operator. That is, O1 is σ z1 the measurement operator, O2 is σ x2 the measurement operator, O3 is σ z2 the measurement operator.

[0116] It is assumed that the relationship between the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip, the measurement expectation value, the distortion signal value, and the disturbance value is as follows.

[0117]

[0118] Since H0 = 0, [H0, O1] = 0, [H0, O2] = 0, and [H0, O3] = 0. Since O1 is σ z1 the measurement operator, and H2 is the Hamiltonian of the control signal in the x direction of the second qubit and the interaction of the second qubit, and H3 is the Hamiltonian of the control signal in the y direction of the second qubit and the interaction of the second qubit, [H2, O1] = 0, and [H3, O1] = 0. Since O2 is σ x2 the measurement operator, and H1 is the Hamiltonian of the control signal in the x direction of the first qubit and the interaction of the first qubit, and H2 is the Hamiltonian of the control signal in the x direction of the second qubit and the interaction of the second qubit, [H1, O2] = 0, and [H2, O2] = 0. Since O3 is σ z2 the measurement operator, and H1 is the Hamiltonian of the control signal in the x direction of the first qubit and the interaction of the second qubit, [H1, O3] = 0. That is, the following equation (3) can be obtained.

[0119]

[0120] wherein denotes the time derivative of the measurement expectation value in the z direction of the first qubit, denotes the time derivative of the measurement expectation value in the x direction of the second qubit, The time derivative of the measurement expectation value of the z direction of the second qubit. <i[H1, O1]> represents the measurement expectation value of the y direction of the first qubit. <i[H3, O2]> represents the measurement expectation value of the z direction of the second qubit. <i[H2, O3]> represents the measurement expectation value of the y direction of the second qubit. <i[H3, O3]> represents the measurement expectation value of the x direction of the second qubit. That is, the measurement expectation values of the first qubit and the measurement expectation values of the second qubit can constitute a linear reversible equation as formula (3).

[0121] At N time points, the computing device can obtain N measurement expectation values of the z direction of the first qubit, N measurement expectation values of the y direction of the first qubit, N measurement expectation values of the x direction of the second qubit, N measurement expectation values of the y direction of the second qubit, and N measurement expectation values of the z direction of the second qubit, respectively. The computing device can also bring the above measurement expectation values into formula (3) to determine N distortion signal values u1 and N interference values m 21 , that is, to obtain a distortion signal set and an interference value set.

[0122] Optionally, the computing device can determine the interference information between multiple qubits at the same time. For example, the computing device can determine the interference information of the signal acting on the first qubit on the second qubit and the interference information of the signal acting on the first qubit on the third qubit at the same time.

[0123] For example, assuming that the interference to be determined is the interference between the bias lines of the quantum chip, the computing device can input a control signal to the Z channel of the first qubit. In this case, the measurement operator of the first qubit can be σ x The measurement operator or σ y The measurement operator, the measurement operator of the second qubit can be σ x The measurement operator or σ y The measurement operator, the measurement operator of the third qubit can be σ x The measurement operator or σ y The measurement operator. The computing device can determine the distortion signal values and the interference values at N time points according to the Hamiltonian of the first qubit and the measurement expectation values, the Hamiltonian of the second qubit and the measurement expectation values, and the Hamiltonian of the third qubit and the measurement expectation values.

[0124] For example, assuming that the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip is H = u1H1 + u2H2 + u3H3 + m 21 H2 + m 31 H3. Wherein, H0=0. Assuming that the interference to be determined is the interference between bias lines, H1 is the Hamiltonian of the control signal in the z direction of the first quantum bit and the interaction of the first quantum bit, H2 is the Hamiltonian of the control signal in the z direction of the second quantum bit and the interaction of the second quantum bit, and H3 is the Hamiltonian of the control signal in the z direction of the third quantum bit and the interaction of the third quantum bit. And it can be assumed that the measurement operator of the first quantum bit is σ x measurement operator, the measurement operator of the second quantum bit is σ x measurement operator, the measurement operator of the third quantum bit is σ x measurement operator. That is, O1 is σ x1 measurement operator, O2 is σ x2 measurement operator, O3 is σ x3 measurement operator.

[0125] Assuming that the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip, the measurement expectation value, the relationship between the distortion signal value and the interference value is as follows:

[0126]

[0127] Since H0=0, [H0, O1]=0, [H0, O2]=0, [H0, O3]=0. Since O1 is σ x1 measurement operator, and H2 is the Hamiltonian of the control signal in the z direction of the second quantum bit and the interaction of the second quantum bit, and H3 is the Hamiltonian of the control signal in the z direction of the third quantum bit and the interaction of the third quantum bit, therefore [H2, O1]=0, [H3, O1]=0. Since O2 is σ x2 measurement operator, and H1 is the Hamiltonian of the control signal in the z direction of the first quantum bit and the interaction of the first quantum bit, and H3 is the Hamiltonian of the control signal in the z direction of the third quantum bit and the interaction of the third quantum bit, therefore [H1, O2]=0, [H3, O2]=0. Since O3 is σ x3 measurement operator, and H1 is the Hamiltonian of the control signal in the z direction of the first quantum bit and the interaction of the first quantum bit, and H2 is the Hamiltonian of the control signal in the z direction of the second quantum bit and the interaction of the second quantum bit, therefore [H1, O3]=0, [H2, O3]=0. That is, the following formula (4) can be obtained:

[0128]

[0129] Wherein, represents the time derivative of the measurement expectation value in the x direction of the first quantum bit, represents the time derivative of the measurement expectation value in the x direction of the second quantum bit, represents the time derivative of the measurement expectation value of the x direction of the third qubit. <i[H1, O1]> represents the measurement expectation value of the y direction of the first qubit, <i[H2, O2]> represents the measurement expectation value of the y direction of the second qubit, and <i[H3, O3]> represents the measurement expectation value of the y direction of the third qubit. That is, the measurement expectation value of the first qubit, the measurement expectation value of the second qubit, and the measurement expectation value of the third qubit can constitute a linear reversible equation as formula (4).

[0130] At N time points, the computing device can obtain N measurement expectation values of the x direction of the first qubit, N measurement expectation values of the y direction of the first qubit, N measurement expectation values of the x direction of the second qubit, N measurement expectation values of the y direction of the second qubit, N measurement expectation values of the x direction of the third qubit, and N measurement expectation values of the y direction of the third qubit, respectively. The computing device can also bring the above measurement expectation values into formula (4) to determine N distortion signal values u1, N interference values m 21 and N interference values m 31 .

[0131] Alternatively, when the measurement expectation value of the qubit is not easy to obtain by measurement, the computing device can determine the measurement expectation value of one measurement operator of each qubit and the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip, and determine other data required in the linear reversible relationship by assuming the distortion signal value and the interference value at the nth time point. The computing device can determine the available distortion signal value and the interference value by comparing the measurement expectation value of the measurement operator of each qubit with the calculated expectation value of the measurement operator of each qubit, thereby determining N distortion signal values and N interference values. The linear reversible relationship is a linear reversible relationship between the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip, the measurement expectation value obtained according to the measurement operator, and the distortion signal value and the interference value. The calculated expectation value of the measurement operator of the qubit is an expectation value calculated according to the assumed distortion signal value and the Hamiltonian of the qubit, and the process of calculating the calculated expectation value of the measurement operator according to the assumed distortion signal value and the Hamiltonian of the qubit is a quantum evolution process. Alternatively, the calculated expectation value of the measurement operator of the qubit is a value calculated according to the assumed interference value and the Hamiltonian of the qubit, and the process of calculating the calculated expectation value of the measurement operator according to the assumed interference value and the Hamiltonian of the qubit is a quantum evolution process.

[0132] For example, it is assumed that the interference information to be determined is the interference information between bias lines in a quantum chip, and the computing device can determine the control signal in the z direction of the first quantum bit and the Hamiltonian H1 of the interaction of the first quantum bit, the control signal in the z direction of the second quantum bit and the Hamiltonian H2 of the interaction of the second quantum bit, the measurement expectation value in the x direction of the first quantum bit, and the measurement expectation value in the x direction of the second quantum bit. The computing device can assume that u1 and m 21 at the nth moment, and determine the quantum state of the first quantum bit according to H1 and the assumed u1, for example, determine that the first quantum bit is in the ground state or the excited state. The computing device can also calculate the calculation expectation value in the x direction and the calculation expectation value in the y direction of the first quantum bit according to the quantum state of the first quantum bit. Assuming that the first quantum bit is in the ground state and the ground state is [1, 0], the calculation expectation value in the x direction of the first quantum bit can be calculated as The calculation expectation value in the y direction of the first quantum bit is Similarly, the computing device can determine the quantum state of the second quantum bit according to H2 and the assumed m 21 and determine the calculation expectation value in the x direction and the calculation expectation value in the y direction of the second quantum bit according to the quantum state of the second quantum bit. The computing device can compare the calculation expectation value in the x direction of the first quantum bit with the measured measurement expectation value in the x direction. If the calculation expectation value in the x direction is the same as the measurement expectation value in the x direction or the difference is less than a first preset threshold, the assumed u1 and m 21 as the distortion signal value and the interference value at the nth moment, thereby obtaining N distortion signal values and N interference values.

[0133] S420, fitting the distortion signal set and the interference value set to determine the interference information.

[0134] The computing device can fit the distortion signal set and the interference value set obtained in step S410 to determine the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit.

[0135] Optionally, the N distortion signal values in the distortion signal set are respectively the values of the signal acting on the first quantum bit at the N moments. The N interference values in the interference value set are respectively the interference values of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit at the N moments, so that the N distortion signal values can be taken as input and the N interference values can be taken as output, thereby fitting the interference information.

[0136] Optionally, the computing device determines the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit in various specific implementation manners according to the distortion signal set and the interference value set, which are not limited by the embodiments of the present application.

[0137] Optionally, the computing device can input the set of distortion signals and the set of interference values into the first fitting model, so as to determine the interference information of the signals acting on the first qubit on the second qubit.

[0138] Optionally, the first fitting model can be a mapping relationship between the set of distortion signals and the set of interference values.

[0139] Optionally, the first fitting model can be a model obtained by machine learning training according to a training data set. The training data set can include the set of distortion signals, the set of interference values, and a mapping relationship between the set of distortion signals and the set of interference values.

[0140] Optionally, before step S420, the computing device can obtain the first fitting model that has been trained. Alternatively, before step S420, the computing device can obtain a training data set, and train the model according to the training data set, so as to obtain the first fitting model that has been trained.

[0141] Optionally, the computing device can fit the set of distortion signals and the set of interference values according to a fitting algorithm, so as to determine the interference information. The fitting algorithm can include least square method, spectral analysis method, etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0142] Taking the least square method as an example. Since convolution operation is needed when analyzing the time domain signal, it is difficult to analyze the properties of the system, etc., and therefore the time domain is generally converted into Laplace for calculation. It is assumed that the Laplace transform of the real interference information is The function model used for fitting is where x1, x2 and x3 are unknown numbers.

[0143] It is assumed that the signal acting on the first qubit is u1(t), where t represents time. The interference information obtained by inputting the signal u1(t) into the system M is: where M 21 represents the inherent properties of the system M, and τ is a parameter.

[0144] The Laplace transform of can be obtained: m(s) = M(s)u(s). Where M(s) is the Laplace transform of , δ(τ) is an impulse signal. u(s) is the Laplace transform of u1(t), m(s) is the Laplace transform of m 21 (t).

[0145] According to the least square method, by adjusting The values of x1, x2 and x3 are determined so that the following formula is minimized: That is, the sum of the absolute values of the differences between the fitting interference values and the real interference values at each time is minimized. Wherein, m'(t) represents the real interference value at the tth moment, t = 1,..., N. m(t) represents the fitting interference value at the tth moment, L -1 [M(s)] represents the inverse Laplace transform of M(s).

[0146] Optionally, the computing device can compensate the fitting process according to the nonlinear part in the Hamiltonian model, so that the interference information is more accurate.

[0147] Taking the least squares method as an example, it is assumed that the Laplace transform of the real interference information is The function model used for fitting is Wherein, x4, x5, x6 and x7 are unknown numbers. The specific fitting process is similar to the above process, which will not be described here.

[0148] Optionally, the computing device can determine the interference information of the second quantum bit caused by the signal acting on the first quantum bit according to the relationship between the fitting error of the fitting interference information and the preset threshold.

[0149] In the case where the fitting error of the fitting interference information is greater than the preset threshold, the computing device can adjust the function model or the Hamiltonian model used for fitting, and also can determine the fitting interference information according to the adjusted model. The computing device can determine the interference information according to the re-determined fitting interference information. The fitting error of the fitting interference information is the sum of the differences between the nth fitting interference value in the N fitting interference values calculated by the fitting interference information and the nth interference value in the interference value set.

[0150] In the case where the fitting error of the fitting interference information is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the computing device can take the fitting interference information as the interference information.

[0151] The computing device can determine the distortion signal set and the interference value set according to the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip and the measurement expectation value set. The computing device can also fit the distortion signal set and the interference value set to determine the interference information of the second quantum bit caused by the signal acting on the first quantum bit, so as to more accurately determine the dynamic process of the interference between the quantum bits, reduce the influence of the interference on the quantum gate operation, and improve the accuracy of the quantum gate operation.

[0152] Figure 5 The method for determining quantum interference. Figure 5 The method can be executed by Figure 1 The quantum computer or Figure 2 The quantum device. Figure 5 The method in the first aspect comprises the following steps.

[0153] S510, inputting a control signal on the first quantum bit, and performing measurement on the second quantum bit and the first quantum bit respectively according to a measurement operator of the second quantum bit and a measurement operator of the first quantum bit, to obtain a set of measurement expectation values. Step S510 is similar to step S310, and will not be described here again.

[0154] S520, determining a set of distortion signals and a set of interference values according to the Hamiltonian model and the set of measurement expectation values. Step S520 is similar to step S410, and will not be described here again.

[0155] S530, fitting the set of distortion signals and the set of interference values to determine fitted interference information.

[0156] Optionally, the computing device can input the set of distortion signals and the set of interference values into a first fitting model to determine the fitted interference information. Alternatively, the computing device can fit the set of distortion signals and the set of interference values according to a fitting algorithm to determine the fitted interference information, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0157] S540, whether a fitting error of the fitted interference information is greater than a preset threshold.

[0158] The computing device can determine the interference information according to the fitting error of the fitted interference information and the preset threshold. The fitting error of the fitted interference information is a sum of differences between an nth fitted interference value in N fitted interference values calculated by the fitted interference information and an nth interference value in the set of interference values.

[0159] Optionally, the preset threshold can be the same or different for different quantum chips or actual requirements, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0160] In the case that the fitting error of the fitted interference information is less than or equal to the preset threshold, step S550 can be performed.

[0161] In the case that the fitting error of the fitted interference information is greater than the preset threshold, step S560 can be performed.

[0162] S550, determining the fitted interference information as the interference information.

[0163] In the case that the fitting error of the fitted interference information is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the computing device can determine the fitted interference information as the interference information, and the interference information is interference information of a signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit.

[0164] S560, adjust the function model or Hamiltonian model used for fitting, and determine the fitting interference information according to the adjusted model.

[0165] In a case where the fitting error of the fitting interference information is greater than the preset threshold, the computing device can adjust the function model or the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip used for fitting, thereby redetermining the fitting interference information. The computing device can also compare the fitting error of the redetermined fitting interference information with the preset threshold, that is, repeat steps S540 to S560, thereby determining the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit.

[0166] For example, assuming that the real interference information is The interference information between the bias lines fitted by the method according to the embodiment of the application is The schematic diagram that can be obtained is as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 .

[0167] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the interference information fitted by the method according to the embodiment of the application and the distortion signal. Figure 6 The horizontal coordinate in is time, in microseconds. Figure 6 The vertical coordinate in is frequency, in MHz. Figure 6 includes two curves, L1 and L2. L1 represents the signal acting on the first quantum bit, and L2 represents the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit. From Figure 7 It can be seen that the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit can change with time, that is, the interference between quantum bits is dynamic interference.

[0168] Figure 7 The comparison schematic diagram of the interference information fitted by the method according to the embodiment of the application and the real interference information. Figure 7 The horizontal coordinate in is time, in microseconds. Figure 7 The vertical coordinate in is frequency, in MHz. Figure 7 includes two curves, L3 and L4. L3 represents the interference information fitted according to the method of the embodiment of the application, and L4 represents the real interference information. From Figure 8 It can be seen that the similarity of the interference information fitted according to the embodiment of the application and the real interference information is high, that is, the method according to the embodiment of the application can better fit the interference information between quantum bits.

[0169] For example, assuming that the real interference information is The interference information between the bias lines fitted by the method according to the embodiment of the application is The schematic diagram that can be obtained is as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 8 .

[0170] Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the interference information fitted according to the method and the distortion signal according to the embodiment of the application. Figure 8 The horizontal coordinate in is time, in microseconds. Figure 8 The vertical coordinate in is frequency, in MHz. Figure 9 The three curves in include L5, L6 and L7. L5 represents the signal acting on the first quantum bit. L6 represents the product of the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit and sin(δωt), t represents time, and δ and ω are parameters such as the frequency of the signal acting on the first quantum bit. L7 represents the product of the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit and cos(δωt). According to the product of the interference information and sin(δωt) and the product of the interference information and cos(δωt), the interference information can be determined, and the schematic diagram of the interference information is as shown in Figure 8 . It can be seen from Figure 9 that the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit can change with time, that is, the interference between quantum bits is dynamic interference.

[0171] Figure 9 The comparison schematic diagram of the interference information fitted according to the method and the real interference information according to the embodiment of the application. Figure 9 The horizontal coordinate in is time, in microseconds. Figure 9 The vertical coordinate in is frequency, in MHz. Figure 9 The two curves in include L8 and L9. L8 represents the interference information fitted according to the method, and L9 represents the real interference information. It can be seen from Figure 10 that the similarity between the interference information fitted according to the embodiment of the application and the real interference information is high, that is, the method according to the embodiment of the application can better fit the interference information between quantum bits.

[0172] The computing device can determine the distortion signal set and the interference value set according to the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip and the measurement expectation value set, and can determine the fitted interference information according to the distortion signal set and the interference value set. The computing device can also determine the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit according to the fitted interference information and the preset threshold, thereby more accurately determining the dynamic process of the interference, reducing the influence of the interference on the quantum gate operation, and improving the accuracy of the quantum gate operation.

[0173] Figure 10 is a method for determining a distortion signal. Figure 1 The method can be derived from Figure 2 quantum computers or Figure 10 The quantum device performs this. Figure 11 The method includes the following steps.

[0174] S610: Determine the set of distorted signals based on the Hamiltonian model and the set of expected measurement values. Step S610 is similar to step S410 and will not be described again here.

[0175] S620 fits the control signal and the distorted signal set to determine the distortion model.

[0176] The computing device fits the control signal and the distorted signal set to determine a distortion model. This distortion model is used to indicate the distortion process between the control signal and the signal acting on the first qubit.

[0177] Alternatively, there are various ways for the computing device to fit the set of control signals and distorted signals, and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0178] Alternatively, the computing device can input the control signal and the distortion signal set into the second fitting model to determine the distortion model.

[0179] Optionally, the second fitting model can be a mapping relationship between the control signal and the set of distorted signals.

[0180] Optionally, the second fitting model can be a model trained using machine learning based on a training dataset. The training dataset may include a mapping between the control signal and the set of distorted signals.

[0181] Optionally, before step S620, the computing device may obtain a pre-trained second fitting model. Alternatively, before step S620, the computing device may obtain a training dataset and train the model based on the training dataset to obtain a pre-trained second fitting model.

[0182] Optionally, the computing device can fit the control signal and the distorted signal set according to a fitting algorithm to determine the distortion model. The fitting algorithm may include least squares method, spectral analysis method, etc., and this application embodiment is not limited to this.

[0183] Taking the least squares method as an example, the computing device can take the control signal at the nth moment as an input of the fitted distortion model, and obtain an output value of the fitted distortion model, that is, a fitted distortion value. The computing device can also compare the fitted distortion value with the nth distortion signal value in the distortion signal set. If the fitted distortion value is the same as the nth distortion signal value or the difference is less than the second preset threshold, the fitted distortion model is taken as the distortion model. If the difference between the fitted distortion value and the nth distortion signal value is greater than the second preset threshold, the parameters in the fitted distortion model are adjusted, so as to obtain the distortion model.

[0184] For example, it is assumed that the fitted distortion model is w = f(v). Wherein, w represents the output value of the fitted distortion model, v represents the input value of the fitted distortion model, and f(v) represents the distortion process between v and w. There are various specific expressions of f(v), which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application. For example, f(v) = x8v + x9, or f(v) = x8vsin(x9t), and t represents time. The computing device can take the control signal at the nth moment as v, input into the fitted distortion model, and obtain the output value w of the fitted distortion model. The computing device can also compare the distortion signal value w' at the nth moment with w, and adjust the parameters (such as x8 and x9) in the fitted distortion model, so that w' is the same as w or the difference is less than the second preset threshold. The computing device can determine the fitted distortion model corresponding to the case that w' is the same as w or the difference is less than the second preset threshold as the distortion model.

[0185] The computing device can determine the distortion signal set according to the Hamiltonian of the quantum chip and the measurement expectation value set. The computing device can also determine the distortion process between the control signal and the signal acting on the first quantum bit according to the control signal and the distortion signal set.

[0186] The above describes the method for determining quantum disturbance according to the embodiments of the present application. The computing device and the computing device according to the embodiments of the present application are described below respectively in combination with Figure 12 and Figure 11 .

[0187] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the computing device according to the embodiments of the present application. The computing device 700 includes a measurement module 710 and a determination module 720.

[0188] The measurement module 710 is configured to input a control signal on a first quantum bit, and measure a second quantum bit and the first quantum bit according to a measurement operator of the second quantum bit and a measurement operator of the first quantum bit, to obtain a measurement expectation value set. The measurement module 710 can perform step S310 in the method of Figure 5 or step S510 in the method of Figure 3 .

[0189] The determination module 720 is used to determine the interference information of the signal acting on the first qubit on the second qubit based on the set of expected measurement values ​​determined by the measurement module 710 and the Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip. The determination module 720 is also used to fit the control signal and the distorted signal set to determine the distortion model. The determination module 720 can perform... Figure 4 Step S320 in the method Figure 5 Steps S410 and S420 in the method Figure 10 Steps S520 to S560 in the method, or Figure 12 All or part of steps S610 and S620 in the method.

[0190] Figure 12 This is a structural block diagram of a computing device according to an embodiment of this application. ​ The computing device 800 shown includes a processor 801, a memory 802, a communication interface 803, and a quantum chip 805. The processor 801, memory 802, communication interface 803, and quantum chip 805 communicate with each other via a bus 804.

[0191] The method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to the processor 801 or implemented by the processor 801. The processor 801 can be a central processing unit (CPU), and can also be other general-purpose processors, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 801 or the instruction in the form of software. The disclosed methods, steps and logic block diagrams in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or executed. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application can be directly embodied as a hardware coding processor for execution, or a combination of hardware and software modules in the coding processor for execution. The software module can be located in the memory 802, which can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically EPROM (EEPROM) or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a random access memory (RAM) used as an external cache.By way of example, and not limitation, many forms of RAM can be used, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). The processor 801 reads instructions in the memory 802 and combines them with logic in the processor 801 to perform the steps described herein.

[0192] The memory 802 can store instructions for performing the methods executed by the computing devices in the above-described embodiments. The processor 801 can execute the instructions stored in the memory 802 in combination with other hardware to complete the steps of the computing devices in the above-described embodiments, and the specific working process and beneficial effects can be described in the above-described embodiments.

[0193] The memory can be a volatile memory or a nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. Among them, the nonvolatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrically EPROM (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a random access memory (RAM) used as an external cache. By way of example, and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). It is noted that the memory of the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, among others, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0194] Bus 804 can include a data bus, a power bus, a control bus, and a state signal bus, etc. in addition to the data bus. However, for the sake of clarity, all the buses are marked as bus 804 in the figure.

[0195] According to the method provided in the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application further provide a quantum computer system. The quantum computer system comprises a processor, a quantum chip, a quantum computer control system, and a quantum chip support system. The processor is configured to send a control signal instruction to the quantum computer control system, and the quantum computer control system is configured to send a control signal to the quantum chip according to the control signal instruction. The quantum chip comprises a plurality of qubits, and the quantum chip support system is configured to provide an environment required by the quantum chip. The processor is further configured to perform each step in the above embodiments.

[0196] The quantum chip 805 can receive the control signal from the processor 801, and can also transmit the quantum state information of the qubits to the processor 801, so that the processor 801 can obtain the set of measurement expectation values in the embodiments of the present application.

[0197] According to the method provided by the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer storage medium, which stores program instructions. The program instructions, when executed, can include the steps of the above embodiments.

[0198] According to the method provided by the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application further provide a chip system, which includes a logic circuit. The logic circuit is used to be coupled with an input / output interface, and transmit data through the input / output interface, so as to execute the steps of the computing device in the above embodiments.

[0199] According to the method provided by the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer program product, which includes computer program codes. When the computer program codes are executed on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the steps of the above embodiments.

[0200] According to the method provided by the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer readable medium, which stores program codes. When the program codes are executed on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the steps of the above embodiments.

[0201] Those skilled in the art can understand that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be realized by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solutions. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the present application.

[0202] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described system, device and unit can refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0203] In the several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, device and method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. The division of the units is only a logical function division. There can be another division for actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections between the units can be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, devices or units, and can be electrical, mechanical or in other forms.

[0204] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment scheme.

[0205] In addition, the functional units in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can be physically present alone, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit.

[0206] If the functions are realized in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the present application or the parts that essentially contribute to the prior art or the parts of the technical solutions can be embodied in the form of software products. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes a plurality of instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and various program code storage media.

[0207] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method of determining quantum interference, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: inputting a control signal on a first quantum bit, and measuring the second quantum bit and the first quantum bit according to a measurement operator of the second quantum bit and a measurement operator of the first quantum bit, to obtain a set of measurement expectation values, wherein the set of measurement expectation values comprises N first measurement expectation values and N second measurement expectation values, the N first measurement expectation values are obtained by measuring the first quantum bit at N time points, and the N second measurement expectation values are obtained by measuring the second quantum bit at the N time points, wherein the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit are two quantum bits in a plurality of quantum bits included in a quantum chip, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; determining a set of distortion signal values and a set of interference values according to a Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip and the set of measurement expectation values, wherein the set of distortion signal values comprises N distortion signal values, the N distortion signal values are values of signals acting on the first quantum bit at the N time points, and the set of interference values comprises N interference values, wherein an nth interference value in the N interference values is used to indicate an influence of a signal acting on the first quantum bit at an nth time point in the N time points on the second quantum bit, and n = 1,..., N; fitting the set of distortion signal values and the set of interference values to determine interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit, wherein the interference information is related to time, and the Hamiltonian model comprises a Hamiltonian of the first quantum bit and a Hamiltonian of the second quantum bit.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The fitting of the set of distortion signal values and the set of interference values to determine the interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit comprises: fitting the set of distortion signal values and the set of interference values to determine fitting interference information; in a case where a fitting error of the fitting interference information is greater than a preset threshold, adjusting a function model used for fitting or the Hamiltonian model, redetermining the fitting interference information according to the adjusted model, and determining the interference information according to the redetermined fitting interference information, wherein the fitting error of the fitting interference information is a difference between an nth fitting interference value calculated by the fitting interference information and an nth interference value in the set of interference values; in a case where the fitting error of the fitting interference information is less than or equal to the preset threshold, taking the fitting interference information as the interference information.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method further comprises: fitting the control signal and the set of distortion signal values to determine a distortion model, wherein the distortion model is used to indicate a distortion process between the control signal and the signal acting on the first quantum bit.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The N interference values are interference values between bias lines of the quantum chip, or the N interference values are interference values between control lines of the quantum chip.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, when the interference information is the interference information between bias lines, inputting the control signal to a Z channel of the first quantum bit, and a measurement operator of the first quantum bit comprises a measurement operator or a measurement operator, a measurement operator of the second quantum bit comprises a measurement operator or a measurement operator.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In the case that the interference information is the interference information between control lines, the control signal is input to the XY channel of the first qubit, the phase of the control signal is 0, and the measurement operator of the first qubit comprises a measurement operator or a measurement operator, the measurement operator of the second qubit comprises a measurement operator, a measurement operator, or any two measurement operators of the measurement operator, Or, when the interference information is the interference information between control lines, the control signal is input to the XY channel of the first quantum bit, the phase of the control signal is , the measurement operator of the first quantum bit includes measurement operator or measurement operator, the measurement operator of the second quantum bit includes measurement operator, measurement operator, or measurement operator of any two measurement operators.

7. A computing device, comprising: The method comprises the following steps: The measurement module is configured to input a control signal on the first quantum bit, measure the second quantum bit and the first quantum bit according to a measurement operator of the second quantum bit and a measurement operator of the first quantum bit respectively, and obtain a measurement expectation value set, the measurement expectation value set including N first measurement expectation values and N second measurement expectation values, wherein the N first measurement expectation values are expectation values obtained by measuring the first quantum bit at N time points respectively, and the N second measurement expectation values are expectation values obtained by measuring the second quantum bit at the N time points respectively, the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit are two quantum bits in a plurality of quantum bits included in a quantum chip, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; The determination module is configured to determine a distortion signal set and an interference value set according to a Hamiltonian model of the quantum chip and the measurement expectation value set, the distortion signal set including N distortion signal values, the N distortion signal values being values of signals acting on the first quantum bit at the N time points respectively, and the interference value set including N interference values, an nth interference value in the N interference values being used to indicate an influence of a signal acting on the first quantum bit at an nth time point in the N time points on the second quantum bit, n = 1,..., N; The determination module is further configured to fit the distortion signal set and the interference value set, and determine interference information of the signal acting on the first quantum bit on the second quantum bit, the interference information being related to time, and the Hamiltonian model including a Hamiltonian of the first quantum bit and a Hamiltonian of the second quantum bit.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein, The determination module is specifically configured to fit the distortion signal set and the interference value set, and determine fitting interference information. The determination module is further configured to, in a case where a fitting error of the fitting interference information is greater than a preset threshold, adjust a function model used for fitting or the Hamiltonian model, redetermine the fitting interference information according to the adjusted model, and determine the interference information according to the redetermined fitting interference information, the fitting error of the fitting interference information being a difference between an nth fitting interference value calculated by the fitting interference information and an nth interference value in the interference value set; The determination module is further configured to, in a case where the fitting error of the fitting interference information is less than or equal to the preset threshold, take the fitting interference information as the interference information.

9. The apparatus of claim 7 or 8, wherein, The determination module is further configured to fit the control signal and the distortion signal set, and determine a distortion model, the distortion model being used to indicate a distortion process between the control signal and the signal acting on the first quantum bit.

10. The apparatus of claim 7 or 8, wherein, The N interference values are interference values between bias lines of the quantum chip, or the N interference values are interference values between control lines of the quantum chip.

11. The apparatus of claim 7 or 8, wherein, when the interference information is the interference information between bias lines, inputting the control signal to a Z channel of the first quantum bit, and a measurement operator of the first quantum bit comprises a measurement operator or a measurement operator, a measurement operator of the second quantum bit comprises a measurement operator or a measurement operator.

12. The apparatus of claim 7 or 8, wherein, In the case that the interference information is the interference information between control lines, the control signal is input to the XY channel of the first qubit, the phase of the control signal is 0, and the measurement operator of the first qubit comprises a measurement operator or a measurement operator, the measurement operator of the second qubit comprises a measurement operator, a measurement operator, or any two measurement operators of a measurement operator, Or, when the interference information is the interference information between control lines, the control signal is input to the XY channel of the first quantum bit, the phase of the control signal is , the measurement operator of the first quantum bit includes measurement operator or measurement operator, the measurement operator of the second quantum bit includes measurement operator, measurement operator, or measurement operator.

13. A quantum computer system, comprising: The method comprises the following steps: A processor for sending control signal instructions to a quantum computer control system, the quantum computer control system for sending control signals to a quantum chip according to the control signal instructions, the quantum chip comprising a plurality of qubits, and a quantum chip support system for providing an environment required by the quantum chip, the processor further for performing the method of any one of claims 1-6.

14. A computing device, comprising: Comprising: A processor for coupling with a memory, reading and executing instructions and / or program codes in the memory to perform the method of any one of claims 1-6.

15. A chip system, characterized by Comprising: A logic circuit for coupling with an input / output interface, transmitting data through the input / output interface to perform the method of any one of claims 1-6.

16. A computer readable medium characterized by The computer readable medium stores program codes which, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1-6.

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