Methods, devices, electronic equipment and storage media for band widening of seismic data

Abstract

This application discloses a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for widening the frequency band of seismic data. The method includes: acquiring a second frequency spectrum with an effective bandwidth from a first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data in a target area; identifying coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies; determining the energy weighting coefficients of the coherent components based on the expected bandwidth and effective bandwidth of the original seismic data; performing energy modulation on the coherent components based on the energy weighting coefficients to obtain modulated coherent components; identifying a third frequency spectrum after bandwidth widening based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum; and performing time-frequency analysis and inverse transformation processing on the third frequency spectrum to obtain the bandwidth-widened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data. This effectively widens the frequency band of seismic data while ensuring the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data, thereby improving the accuracy of identifying oil and gas target areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of earthquake data processing technology, specifically to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for widening the bandwidth of earthquake data. Background Technology

[0002] In seismic exploration, seismic resolution is a key factor in obtaining detailed stratigraphic information. For seismic data, resolution can include longitudinal (temporal) resolution and lateral (spatial) resolution, with the vertical resolution typically being a function of the frequency of a given seismic signal. To improve seismic resolution and identify thin reservoirs, seismic signals need to have broadband spectral characteristics; therefore, expanding frequency bandwidth has always been a research focus in the field of petroleum geophysics.

[0003] In related technologies, there is currently no good method for bandwidth broadening of seismic data in low-exploration areas without involving seismic wavelet acquisition or reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, this application provides a method, apparatus, electronic device and storage medium for widening the bandwidth of seismic data, so as to achieve bandwidth widening of seismic data and improve the efficiency of oil and gas exploration.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for band widening seismic data, including:

[0006] Obtain the second frequency spectrum with effective bandwidth from the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data in the target area;

[0007] Identify the coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies;

[0008] The energy weighting coefficients of the coherent components are determined based on the expected bandwidth and the effective bandwidth of the original seismic data.

[0009] Based on the energy weighting coefficient, the coherent component is energy modulated to obtain the modulated coherent component;

[0010] Based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum, the third frequency spectrum after bandwidth widening is confirmed;

[0011] The third frequency spectrum is subjected to time-frequency analysis and inverse transformation processing to obtain the frequency band broadened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data.

[0012] In some embodiments, confirming the coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies includes:

[0013] Determine the frequency spectral function corresponding to each of the second frequency spectra in order to obtain the basis components corresponding to the second frequency spectra;

[0014] Each of the coherent components is determined based on the base components.

[0015] In some implementations, determining the coherent components of each of the second frequency spectra based on the basis components includes:

[0016] Each of the said base components is used to calculate each of the said coherent components using a formula, wherein the formula is:

[0017]

[0018] Among them, A ti Let θ be the instantaneous amplitude at time t corresponding to the i-th frequency spectrum. ti H is the angular frequency at time t corresponding to the i-th frequency spectrum. ti Then it is the coherent component of the frequency spectrum basis component at time t corresponding to the i-th frequency spectrum, where m is a positive integer or a proper fraction.

[0019] In some embodiments, confirming the third frequency spectrum after bandwidth broadening based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum includes:

[0020] Determine the frequency spectral function corresponding to each of the second frequency spectra in order to obtain the basis components corresponding to the second frequency spectra;

[0021] The modulated coherent component is combined with the corresponding base component to obtain the base component with a wider bandwidth, thereby confirming the third frequency spectrum.

[0022] In some implementations, the above-mentioned method for widening the frequency band of seismic data further includes:

[0023] Confirm the thickness range of the reservoir in the target area;

[0024] The desired bandwidth is determined based on the thickness range.

[0025] In some implementations, the above-mentioned method for widening the frequency band of seismic data further includes:

[0026] Obtain raw earthquake data;

[0027] The first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data was confirmed based on time-frequency analysis.

[0028] In some implementations, confirming the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data based on time-frequency analysis includes:

[0029] The transformation technique based on time-frequency analysis converts the original seismic data in the time domain spectrum to the frequency amplitude spectrum to confirm the first frequency spectrum.

[0030] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a bandwidth broadening device for seismic data, comprising:

[0031] The first acquisition module is used to acquire the second frequency spectrum with effective bandwidth in the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data in the target area;

[0032] The first confirmation module is used to confirm the coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies;

[0033] The second confirmation module is used to confirm the energy weighting coefficient of the coherent component based on the expected bandwidth and the effective bandwidth of the original seismic data.

[0034] The second acquisition module is used to perform energy modulation on the coherent component based on the energy weighting coefficient to obtain the modulated coherent component;

[0035] The third confirmation module is used to confirm the third frequency spectrum after bandwidth widening based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum.

[0036] The inverse transformation processing module is used to perform time-frequency analysis and inverse transformation processing on the third frequency spectrum to obtain the frequency band broadened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data.

[0037] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device comprising: at least one processor and a memory; the processor being configured to execute a computer program stored in the memory to implement the method for widening the bandwidth of seismic data as described in any embodiment of the first aspect.

[0038] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer storage medium storing one or more programs, which can be executed by an electronic device as described in the third aspect to implement the method for widening the bandwidth of seismic data as described in any embodiment of the first aspect.

[0039] This application provides a method for widening the bandwidth of seismic data, comprising: acquiring a second frequency spectrum with an effective bandwidth from a first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data in a target area; identifying coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies; determining the energy weighting coefficients of the coherent components based on the expected bandwidth and effective bandwidth of the original seismic data; performing energy modulation on the coherent components based on the energy weighting coefficients to obtain modulated coherent components; identifying a third frequency spectrum after bandwidth widening based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum; and performing time-frequency analysis and inverse transformation processing on the third frequency spectrum to obtain the bandwidth-widened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data. This method effectively widens the bandwidth of seismic data while ensuring the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data, thereby improving the identification accuracy of oil and gas target areas.

[0040] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this application. Other features of this application will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The present application will be described in more detail below based on embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] Figure 1 This paper shows a schematic flowchart of a method for widening the bandwidth of seismic data according to an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 2 This paper shows a flowchart of step S120 of a method for widening the bandwidth of seismic data according to an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 3 This paper shows a flowchart of step S150 of a method for widening the bandwidth of seismic data according to an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Figure 4 The original seismic data spectrum before applying the seismic data bandwidth broadening method of this application and the seismic data spectrum after applying the seismic data bandwidth broadening method are shown.

[0046] Figure 5 The original seismic data map before applying the seismic data bandwidth broadening method of this application and the seismic data map after applying the seismic data bandwidth broadening method are shown.

[0047] Figure 6 This paper shows a structural block diagram of a seismic data bandwidth broadening device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 7A structural block diagram of an electronic device for performing a method for widening the bandwidth of seismic data according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0049] Figure 8 A computer-readable storage medium for storing or carrying a method for widening the bandwidth of seismic data according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are only for explaining this invention and are not intended to limit this invention.

[0051] The technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0052] In seismic exploration, in order to improve seismic resolution and identify thin reservoirs, seismic signals need to have broadband spectral characteristics. Therefore, the problem of expanding frequency bandwidth has always been a research focus in the field of oil and gas geophysics.

[0053] In seismic data bandwidth widening techniques, deconvolution methods, spectral energy compensation methods, and high-frequency recovery methods based on well data are commonly used to achieve bandwidth widening of seismic data.

[0054] However, the aforementioned related technologies have the following drawbacks, among which:

[0055] For deconvolution methods, which are based on the convolution model of seismic records, the seismic wavelet of the seismic data is obtained, and the wavelet is removed by the deconvolution algorithm to obtain the stratigraphic reflection coefficient, thereby obtaining broadband seismic data. The disadvantage of this type of method is that the real seismic wavelet is both time-varying and frequency-varying. Therefore, it is not possible to effectively solve the problem of the time-frequency variation of the wavelet during the deconvolution process.

[0056] For spectral energy compensation methods, these methods directly compensate for high-frequency energy in the frequency domain or time-frequency domain according to certain rules, thereby achieving the purpose of broadening the spectrum. However, when performing energy compensation, it is impossible to control the introduction of noise in the compensated energy, and while broadening the frequency band, it will cause a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio of the original seismic data.

[0057] High-frequency recovery methods based on well data utilize high-frequency information from well data as constraints to supplement high-frequency band information in the entire seismic data, thereby broadening the seismic data bandwidth. However, in practical processing, the utilization of well data cannot be guaranteed, especially in low-exploration areas where well data is relatively scarce, making it impossible to provide the high-frequency constraint information of well points required for the implementation of this method.

[0058] To address the aforementioned problems, and considering that there is currently no effective method for widening the bandwidth of seismic data in low-exploration areas without involving seismic wavelet acquisition and without reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, the applicant proposes a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for widening seismic data as described in this application. This method involves performing time-frequency transformation on the original seismic data to obtain a frequency spectrum corresponding to the original data, and then extracting a frequency spectrum with an effective bandwidth to identify coherent components at different frequencies. Next, the energy weighting coefficients of the coherent components are determined based on the expected bandwidth and effective bandwidth of the original seismic data. Then, the coherent components are modulated using these energy weighting coefficients to obtain a modulated spectrum. Finally, the modulated spectrum is processed using inverse time-frequency analysis to obtain the widened seismic data, thus achieving the extension of the seismic data bandwidth. The method for widening the seismic data bandwidth is described in detail in subsequent embodiments.

[0059] Before describing the embodiments of the present invention, some concepts mentioned below will be explained.

[0060] Time-frequency analysis, short for joint time-frequency domain analysis, is a powerful tool for analyzing time-varying non-stationary signals. It provides joint distribution information in the time and frequency domains, clearly describing the relationship between signal frequency and time.

[0061] The frequency spectrum, also known as the frequency amplitude spectrum, is used in signal analysis, with frequency on the horizontal axis and amplitude on the vertical axis.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] The following describes the application scenarios of the seismic data bandwidth broadening method provided in the embodiments of this application:

[0064] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for widening the frequency band of seismic data provided in this embodiment of the application. It is particularly suitable for low-exploration areas and can effectively widen the frequency band of seismic data. In this embodiment, the method for widening the frequency band of seismic data can be applied to, for example... Figure 6 The seismic data bandwidth broadening device 800 and electronic device 700 shown are described. Figure 7In this application, the electronic device can be a desktop computer, tablet computer, smartphone, or other smart terminal. The electronic device can be one or more devices, and information can be transmitted between them wirelessly and / or via wired means. These multiple electronic devices can collaborate to complete the seismic data bandwidth widening method. For example, the original seismic data obtained from the exploration data acquisition equipment is acquired through a smart terminal, and the seismic data bandwidth widening method process is completed. Furthermore, the electronic device can also include servers and cloud servers to store and transmit the original seismic data and the data obtained after processing in the bandwidth widening method steps of this application.

[0065] The following is about Figure 1 The process shown is described in detail. The method for widening the frequency band of seismic data may include steps S110 to S160.

[0066] Step S110: Obtain the second frequency spectrum with effective bandwidth from the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data in the target area.

[0067] In this embodiment of the application, the target area can be obtained based on geological understanding during the preliminary research process. After obtaining the first frequency spectrum based on the original seismic data, the data of the first frequency spectrum can be truncated based on the research understanding to obtain the second frequency spectrum that needs to be used for subsequent processing. The second frequency spectrum after the data is truncated can have multiple different frequencies.

[0068] When confirming the effective bandwidth, it can be done using multiple electronic devices. For example, after the exploration data acquisition equipment obtains the initial raw seismic data and obtains the first frequency spectrum, the first frequency spectrum can be divided by multiple different researchers. That is, the first frequency spectrum can be confirmed and truncated on different electronic devices. The second frequency spectrum can be obtained by multiple people confirming the frequency spectrum through different electronic devices to ensure the accuracy of the second frequency spectrum.

[0069] Step S120: Confirm the coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies.

[0070] In the embodiments of this application, after the electronic device intercepts and obtains multiple different frequencies, it can record the different frequencies and obtain the coherent components at the corresponding frequencies based on the different frequencies obtained.

[0071] Step S130: Determine the energy weighting coefficients of the coherent components based on the expected bandwidth and effective bandwidth of the original seismic data.

[0072] In this embodiment, the desired bandwidth can be determined based on the lithology of the target area. For example, if the target area is a sand body, the desired bandwidth can be determined based on the approximate property data of the sand body and pre-statistical data. The effective bandwidth can be obtained by processing the original seismic data. The desired bandwidth and effective bandwidth are input into an electronic device to calculate and process the energy weighting coefficients of the corresponding coherent components at different frequencies.

[0073] Step S140: Modulate the coherent component based on the energy weighting coefficient to obtain the modulated coherent component.

[0074] In the embodiments of this application, after obtaining the corresponding energy weighting coefficients at each frequency, the obtained energy weighting coefficients are modulated with the corresponding coherent components.

[0075] Step S150: Confirm the third frequency spectrum after bandwidth widening based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum.

[0076] Step S160: Perform time-frequency analysis and inverse transformation processing on the third frequency spectrum to obtain the frequency band broadened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data.

[0077] In this embodiment of the application, after obtaining the broadened third frequency spectrum based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum, the band-widened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data is obtained through time-frequency analysis inverse transformation processing. The band-widened seismic data can be obtained through inverse wavelet transformation.

[0078] In this embodiment, multiple technologies are used for comprehensive analysis during the processing of seismic data. While ensuring the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, the seismic data with a wider frequency band is obtained. This can effectively solve the problem of widening the frequency band of seismic data in geological exploration areas, thereby improving the identification accuracy of oil and gas target areas and increasing the economic benefits of oil and gas exploration.

[0079] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating step S120 of the method for widening the frequency band of seismic data provided in this application embodiment. When applied to an electronic device, confirming the coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies may include steps S210 to S220.

[0080] Step S110: Obtain the second frequency spectrum with effective bandwidth from the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data in the target area;

[0081] Step S210: Determine the frequency spectrum function corresponding to each second frequency spectrum to obtain the basis components corresponding to the second frequency spectrum.

[0082] In this embodiment of the application, after obtaining the second frequency spectrum from the original seismic data, the electronic device acquires several frequency spectrum functions at different frequencies, which can be represented as each basis component in the second frequency spectrum.

[0083] Step S220: Determine each coherent component based on the base component.

[0084] In the embodiments of this application, the coherent component of each basis component is calculated based on each basis component corresponding to different frequencies.

[0085] Step S130: Determine the energy weighting coefficient of the coherent component based on the expected bandwidth and the effective bandwidth of the original seismic data.

[0086] Step S140: Based on the energy weighting coefficient, the coherent component is energy modulated to obtain the modulated coherent component.

[0087] Step S150: Confirm the third frequency spectrum after bandwidth widening based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum.

[0088] Step S160: Perform time-frequency analysis and inverse transformation processing on the third frequency spectrum to obtain the frequency band broadened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data.

[0089] In some embodiments, step S220: determining the coherent components of each second frequency spectrum based on the basis components includes:

[0090] Each coherent component is calculated based on each basic component using the following formula:

[0091]

[0092] Among them, A ti Let θ be the instantaneous amplitude at time t corresponding to the i-th frequency spectrum. ti H is the angular frequency at time t corresponding to the i-th frequency spectrum. ti Then it is the coherent component of the frequency spectrum basis component at time t corresponding to the i-th frequency spectrum, where m is a positive integer or a proper fraction.

[0093] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating step S150 of the method for widening the frequency band of seismic data provided in this application embodiment. Applied to electronic devices, confirming the widened third frequency spectrum based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum may include steps S310 to S320.

[0094] Step S110: Obtain the second frequency spectrum with effective bandwidth from the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data in the target area.

[0095] Step S120: Confirm the coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies.

[0096] Step S130: Determine the energy weighting coefficient of the coherent component based on the expected bandwidth and the effective bandwidth of the original seismic data.

[0097] Step S140: Based on the energy weighting coefficient, the coherent component is energy modulated to obtain the modulated coherent component.

[0098] Step S310: Determine the frequency spectrum function corresponding to each second frequency spectrum to obtain the basis components corresponding to the second frequency spectrum.

[0099] In this embodiment of the application, as in the above embodiments, after obtaining the second frequency spectrum from the original seismic data, the electronic device acquires several frequency spectrum functions at different frequencies, which can be represented as each basis component in the second frequency spectrum.

[0100] Step S320: Combine the modulated coherent component with the corresponding fundamental component to obtain the bandwidth-widened fundamental component, thereby confirming the third frequency spectrum.

[0101] In this embodiment of the application, when the electronic device obtains the base component corresponding to the modulated coherent component in step S210 or step S310, it performs merging to confirm the third frequency spectrum.

[0102] Step S160: Perform time-frequency analysis and inverse transformation processing on the third frequency spectrum to obtain the frequency band broadened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data.

[0103] In some possible implementations, before step S130, the method for widening the frequency band of seismic data may further include steps S122 to S124.

[0104] Step S110: Obtain the second frequency spectrum with effective bandwidth from the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data in the target area.

[0105] Step S120: Confirm the coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies.

[0106] Step S122: Confirm the thickness range of the reservoir in the target area.

[0107] In the embodiments of this application, the reservoir in the target area may include multiple reservoirs, and the thickness range of the reservoir can be determined according to the thickness of the corresponding reservoir and the properties of the strata of the corresponding reservoir.

[0108] Step S124: Determine the desired bandwidth based on the thickness range.

[0109] In this embodiment of the application, the lithological velocity of the target area can be determined according to the strata properties of the corresponding reservoir, and the desired bandwidth can be obtained according to the thickness range of the reservoir and the prior identification of the reservoir properties. That is, the reservoir properties can be determined artificially based on geological knowledge, and the desired bandwidth is confirmed after the thickness range is determined.

[0110] Step S130: Determine the energy weighting coefficient of the coherent component based on the expected bandwidth and the effective bandwidth of the original seismic data.

[0111] Step S140: Based on the energy weighting coefficient, the coherent component is energy modulated to obtain the modulated coherent component.

[0112] Step S150: Confirm the third frequency spectrum after bandwidth widening based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum.

[0113] Step S160: Perform time-frequency analysis and inverse transformation processing on the third frequency spectrum to obtain the frequency band broadened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data.

[0114] In some possible implementations, before step S110, the method for widening the frequency band of seismic data may further include steps S102 to S104.

[0115] Step S102: Obtain raw seismic data.

[0116] In this embodiment of the application, the electronic device can obtain raw seismic data by acquiring exploration data acquisition equipment, or by retrieving raw seismic data stored on a server. The raw seismic data can be acquired in real time or pre-acquired and then stored.

[0117] Step S104: Confirm the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data based on time-frequency analysis.

[0118] In the embodiments of this application, time-frequency analysis, i.e., time-frequency change processing, may include wavelet transform and Fourier transform, etc.

[0119] Step S110: Obtain the second frequency spectrum with effective bandwidth from the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data in the target area.

[0120] Step S120: Confirm the coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies.

[0121] Step S130: Determine the energy weighting coefficient of the coherent component based on the expected bandwidth and the effective bandwidth of the original seismic data.

[0122] Step S140: Based on the energy weighting coefficient, the coherent component is energy modulated to obtain the modulated coherent component.

[0123] Step S150: Confirm the third frequency spectrum after bandwidth widening based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum.

[0124] Step S160: Perform time-frequency analysis and inverse transformation processing on the third frequency spectrum to obtain the frequency band broadened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data.

[0125] In some possible implementations, step S104, which confirms the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data based on time-frequency analysis, further includes:

[0126] Step S102: Obtain raw seismic data.

[0127] Step S104: The original seismic data in the time domain spectrum is converted into the frequency amplitude spectrum using a transformation technique based on time-frequency analysis to confirm the first frequency spectrum.

[0128] Step S110: Obtain the second frequency spectrum with effective bandwidth from the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data in the target area.

[0129] Step S120: Confirm the coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies.

[0130] Step S130: Determine the energy weighting coefficient of the coherent component based on the expected bandwidth and the effective bandwidth of the original seismic data.

[0131] Step S140: Based on the energy weighting coefficient, the coherent component is energy modulated to obtain the modulated coherent component.

[0132] Step S150: Confirm the third frequency spectrum after bandwidth widening based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum.

[0133] Step S160: Perform time-frequency analysis and inverse transformation processing on the third frequency spectrum to obtain the frequency band broadened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data.

[0134] In summary, the seismic data bandwidth extension method provided in this application can broaden the bandwidth of seismic data in low-exploration areas, improve the resolution of seismic data, and is of great significance for improving the accuracy of oil and gas favorable area identification and the economic benefits of oil and gas exploration. This method involves performing time-frequency transformation on the original seismic data to obtain the frequency spectrum and its fundamental components corresponding to the seismic data; then, calculating the coherent components of the fundamental components of the frequency spectrum at different frequencies of the original seismic data; determining the energy weighting coefficients of the coherent components of the frequency spectrum in the bandwidth extension process based on geological understanding; modulating the coherent components of different frequency spectra according to these energy weighting coefficients; and then merging the modulated coherent components with the corresponding fundamental components to obtain the bandwidth-widened frequency spectrum; finally, using inverse wavelet transform, converting the bandwidth-widened frequency spectra of different frequencies into bandwidth-widened seismic data, thereby achieving the extension of the seismic data bandwidth in low-exploration areas.

[0135] Example 2

[0136] The frequency band broadening method for seismic data proposed in this application has been applied in the processing of 3D seismic data in a basin.

[0137] like Figure 5 As shown, before using this technology, the original seismic data marked in the attached figure shows that the effective bandwidth of the seismic data in this area is narrow, and the original seismic data containing the target layer cannot effectively distinguish between the two reservoirs.

[0138] For example, processing the seismic data using the frequency band broadening method of this application may include the following example steps:

[0139] The target study area has a 3D seismic data area of ​​1200 km². 2 As an object.

[0140] Step 1: First, perform wavelet transform on the original seismic data to obtain the frequency spectrum and its fundamental components corresponding to the original seismic data.

[0141] Step 2: Calculate the coherent components of the frequency spectrum at different frequencies of the original seismic data to obtain the coherent components of the fundamental components of the different frequency spectra.

[0142] Step 3: Perform spectral analysis on the raw seismic data to obtain the effective bandwidth (i.e., the second frequency spectrum) of the raw seismic data, which is 15-60 Hz. Figure 4As shown in A. Based on the geological understanding from previous studies, since the target layer is divided into upper and lower reservoirs, with the thickness of each reservoir being 20-30 meters (average 25 meters), the expected effective bandwidth is calculated to be 15-100 Hz based on the lithological velocity of the target layer of 5000 m / s. By combining the two, the energy weighting coefficient of the time-frequency coherence component in the bandwidth broadening process is 1.67.

[0143] Step 4: Modulate the coherent components of different frequency spectra according to the energy weighting coefficients of the time-frequency coherent components. Then, merge the modulated coherent components with the corresponding base components to obtain the frequency spectrum after bandwidth expansion, i.e., the third frequency spectrum.

[0144] Step 5: Using inverse wavelet transform (i.e., inverse transform processing of time frequency analysis), the frequency spectrum after bandwidth widening at different frequencies is converted into bandwidth widened seismic data. Figure 4 Figures A and B in the middle, Figure 5 To compare seismic data and spectra before and after using this technology, it can be seen from the figure that the technology can effectively broaden the bandwidth of seismic data, significantly improve the resolution of seismic data, and make the lateral distribution characteristics of the two reservoirs clear and identifiable.

[0145] In the embodiments of this application, the frequency spectrum of seismic data is obtained by obtaining the frequency spectrum, calculating the coherent components of the frequency spectrum, determining the energy weighting coefficients of the frequency spectrum components, and extending the frequency spectrum fundamental components to ultimately realize the widened frequency band of seismic data.

[0146] In the process of obtaining the frequency spectrum of seismic data:

[0147] By performing time-frequency processing on the acquired raw seismic signals, the time-domain seismic data is converted to the corresponding frequency amplitude spectrum using transformation techniques in time-frequency analysis.

[0148] It should be noted that the preferred seismic data is time-domain signals used to explore the properties and morphology of underground rock strata.

[0149] After obtaining the frequency amplitude spectrum after the above transformation, the coherent components of the frequency spectrum are calculated:

[0150] By extracting the effective bandwidth frequency spectrum from the video spectrum of the original seismic data, several frequency spectrum functions at different frequencies are obtained, representing the fundamental components of the frequency spectrum. Then, the coherent component of each fundamental component is calculated. For details, refer to the above steps for calculating each coherent component based on each fundamental component using a calculation formula. Finally, the coherent components are obtained.

[0151] Then, the energy weighting coefficients of the time-frequency coherent components are determined using the aforementioned coherent components:

[0152] First, after performing spectral analysis on the original seismic data, the effective bandwidth of the original seismic data was determined. Based on seismic understanding, the vertical thickness range of the target oil and gas exploration area was determined, and this was used as the effective bandwidth of the seismic data after bandwidth widening processing. Finally, based on the bandwidth of the original seismic data and the expected value of the effective bandwidth of the seismic data, the energy weighting coefficient of the frequency spectrum coherence component in the bandwidth widening processing was determined.

[0153] Extend the frequency band of the fundamental component of the frequency spectrum:

[0154] After obtaining the coherent components of the frequency spectrum, determine the energy weighting coefficients according to the above steps, and then perform energy modulation of the coherent components of the frequency spectrum after obtaining the energy weighting coefficients.

[0155] The adjusted coherent components are combined with the corresponding fundamental components to finally obtain the frequency spectrum fundamental components after bandwidth broadening.

[0156] Finally, obtain the broadened frequency band seismic data:

[0157] That is, after obtaining the frequency spectrum after bandwidth widening, i.e. the basic components of the bandwidth widened frequency spectrum, perform an inverse time-frequency transform on it to obtain the bandwidth widened seismic data.

[0158] Example 3

[0159] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This application provides a seismic data bandwidth widening device 600, which includes: a first acquisition module 610, a first confirmation module 620, a second confirmation module 630, a second acquisition module 640, a third confirmation module 650, and an inverse transformation processing module 660, wherein:

[0160] The first acquisition module 610 is used to acquire the second frequency spectrum with effective bandwidth in the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data in the target area.

[0161] The first confirmation module 620 is used to confirm the coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies.

[0162] The second confirmation module 630 is used to confirm the energy weighting coefficients of the coherent components based on the expected bandwidth and effective bandwidth of the original seismic data.

[0163] The second acquisition module 640 is used to perform energy modulation on the coherent components based on the energy weighting coefficient to obtain the modulated coherent components.

[0164] The third confirmation module 650 is used to confirm the third frequency spectrum after bandwidth widening based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum.

[0165] The inverse transformation processing module 660 is used to perform time-frequency analysis and inverse transformation processing on the third frequency spectrum to obtain the frequency band broadened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data.

[0166] Optionally, the first confirmation module 620 includes: a base component confirmation module and a coherent component confirmation module, wherein:

[0167] The fundamental component confirmation module is used to determine the frequency spectrum function corresponding to each second frequency spectrum in order to obtain the fundamental components corresponding to the second frequency spectrum.

[0168] The coherent component confirmation module is used to determine each coherent component based on the base component.

[0169] Optionally, the coherent component verification module further includes: a calculation module, wherein:

[0170] The calculation module is used to calculate each coherent component based on each basis component using a formula, where the formula is:

[0171]

[0172] Among them, A ti Let θ be the instantaneous amplitude at time t corresponding to the i-th frequency spectrum. ti H is the angular frequency at time t corresponding to the i-th frequency spectrum. ti Then it is the coherent component of the frequency spectrum basis component at time t corresponding to the i-th frequency spectrum, where m is a positive integer or a proper fraction.

[0173] Optionally, the third confirmation module 650 includes: a fundamental component confirmation module and a third frequency spectrum confirmation module, wherein:

[0174] The fundamental component confirmation module is used to determine the frequency spectrum function corresponding to each second frequency spectrum in order to obtain the fundamental components corresponding to the second frequency spectrum.

[0175] The third frequency spectrum confirmation module is used to merge the modulated coherent components with the corresponding fundamental components to obtain the bandwidth-widened fundamental components, thereby confirming the third frequency spectrum.

[0176] Optionally, the seismic data bandwidth widening device 600 further includes: a reservoir thickness confirmation module and a desired bandwidth confirmation module, wherein:

[0177] The reservoir thickness confirmation module is used to confirm the thickness range of the reservoir in the target area.

[0178] The desired bandwidth confirmation module is used to determine the desired bandwidth based on the thickness range.

[0179] Optionally, the seismic data bandwidth broadening device 600 further includes: a data acquisition module and a time-frequency analysis module, wherein:

[0180] The data acquisition module is used to acquire raw seismic data.

[0181] The time-frequency analysis module is used to confirm the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data based on time-frequency analysis.

[0182] Optionally, the time-frequency analysis module further includes: a conversion confirmation module, wherein:

[0183] The conversion and confirmation module is used to convert the original seismic data in the time domain spectrum to the frequency amplitude spectrum using a time-frequency analysis-based transformation technique, in order to confirm the first frequency spectrum.

[0184] It should be noted that the device embodiments in this application correspond to the aforementioned method embodiments. The specific principles in the device embodiments can be found in the content of the aforementioned method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0185] In the several embodiments provided in this example, the coupling between modules can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms of coupling.

[0186] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module. The integrated modules described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules.

[0187] This embodiment provides a seismic data bandwidth widening device. Through the combined action of its modules, the device performs time-frequency transformation on the original seismic data to obtain a frequency spectrum corresponding to the original data. A frequency spectrum with an effective bandwidth is extracted to identify coherent components at different frequencies. Then, based on the expected bandwidth and effective bandwidth of the original seismic data, the energy weighting coefficients of the coherent components are determined. Subsequently, the coherent components are modulated using these energy weighting coefficients to obtain a modulated spectrum. Finally, the modulated spectrum is processed using inverse time-frequency analysis to obtain the widened seismic data. This achieves the extension of the seismic data bandwidth and effectively solves the problem of bandwidth widening for seismic data in low-exploration areas without involving seismic wavelet acquisition or reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data.

[0188] Example 4

[0189] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 The present application provides a structural block diagram of an electronic device 700 that can perform the above-described method for widening the frequency band of seismic data. The electronic device 700 may be a computer, tablet computer, smartphone, or portable computer.

[0190] The electronic device 700 also includes a processor 702 and a memory 704. The memory 704 stores programs that can execute the contents of the foregoing embodiments, and the processor 702 can execute the programs stored in the memory 704.

[0191] The processor 702 may include one or more cores for data processing and message matrix units. The processor 702 connects to various parts within the electronic device 700 using various interfaces and lines, and performs various functions and processes data by running or executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in the memory 704, and by calling data stored in the memory 704. Optionally, the processor 702 may be implemented using at least one hardware form of Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or Programmable Logic Array (PLA). The processor 702 may integrate one or more of the following: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), and modem / decoder. The CPU primarily handles the operating system, user interface, and applications; the GPU is responsible for rendering and drawing the displayed content; and the modem / decoder handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem / decoder may also be implemented separately through a communication chip, without being integrated into the processor.

[0192] Memory 704 may include random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM). Memory 704 can be used to store instructions, programs, code, code sets, or instruction sets. Memory 704 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for implementing at least one function (e.g., instructions for a user to obtain random numbers), instructions for implementing the various method embodiments described below, etc. The data storage area may also store data (e.g., random numbers) created by the terminal during use.

[0193] The electronic device 700 may also include a network module and a screen. The network module is used to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves, converting electromagnetic waves into electrical signals and vice versa, thereby enabling communication with communication networks or other devices, such as audio playback devices. The network module may include various existing circuit elements used to perform these functions, such as antennas, radio frequency transceivers, digital signal processors, encryption / decryption chips, SIM cards, memory, etc. The network module can communicate with various networks such as the Internet, corporate intranets, and wireless networks, or communicate with other devices via wireless networks. The aforementioned wireless networks may include cellular telephone networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs), or metropolitan area networks (MANs). The screen can display interface content and facilitate data interaction.

[0194] In this embodiment, when the electronic device 700 is running, it can perform the following steps to achieve bandwidth widening of seismic data:

[0195] Obtain raw earthquake data;

[0196] The first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data was confirmed based on time-frequency analysis;

[0197] Transformation techniques based on time-frequency analysis convert the raw seismic data in the time domain spectrum into a frequency amplitude spectrum to confirm the first frequency spectrum;

[0198] Obtain the second frequency spectrum with effective bandwidth from the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data in the target area;

[0199] Determine the frequency spectral function corresponding to each second frequency spectrum in order to obtain the basis components corresponding to the second frequency spectrum;

[0200] Each coherent component is calculated based on each basic component using the following formula:

[0201]

[0202] Among them, A ti Let θ be the instantaneous amplitude at time t corresponding to the i-th frequency spectrum. ti H is the angular frequency at time t corresponding to the i-th frequency spectrum. ti Then it is the coherent component of the frequency spectrum basis component at time t corresponding to the i-th frequency spectrum, where m is a positive integer or a proper fraction;

[0203] Identify the thickness range of the reservoir in the target area;

[0204] Determine the desired bandwidth based on the thickness range;

[0205] The energy weighting coefficients of the coherent components are determined based on the expected bandwidth and effective bandwidth of the original seismic data;

[0206] The coherent components are modulated based on energy weighting coefficients to obtain modulated coherent components;

[0207] The modulated coherent components are combined with the corresponding fundamental components to obtain the bandwidth-widened fundamental components, thereby confirming the third frequency spectrum.

[0208] The third frequency spectrum is subjected to time-frequency analysis and inverse transformation processing to obtain the frequency band broadened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data.

[0209] This embodiment provides an electronic device capable of executing the above-described method for widening the bandwidth of seismic data. The device executes a program pre-stored in a memory, and after acquiring the original seismic data, the processor processes the data. By performing time-frequency transformation on the original seismic data, a frequency spectrum corresponding to the original seismic data is obtained, and a frequency spectrum with an effective bandwidth is extracted to identify coherent components at different frequencies. Then, based on the expected bandwidth and effective bandwidth of the original seismic data, the energy weighting coefficients of the coherent components are determined. Subsequently, the coherent components are modulated using the energy weighting coefficients to obtain a modulated spectrum. Finally, the modulated spectrum is processed using inverse time-frequency analysis to obtain the widened seismic data. This achieves the extension of the seismic data bandwidth and effectively solves the problem of widening the seismic data bandwidth in low-exploration areas without involving seismic wavelet acquisition or reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data.

[0210] Example 5

[0211] Please refer to Figure 8 This diagram illustrates a structural block diagram of a computer-readable storage medium provided in an embodiment of this application. The computer-readable storage medium 800 stores program code 810, which can be called by a processor to execute the methods described in the above method embodiments, namely:

[0212] Obtain raw earthquake data;

[0213] The first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data was confirmed based on time-frequency analysis;

[0214] Transformation techniques based on time-frequency analysis convert the raw seismic data in the time domain spectrum into a frequency amplitude spectrum to confirm the first frequency spectrum;

[0215] Obtain the second frequency spectrum with effective bandwidth from the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data in the target area;

[0216] Determine the frequency spectral function corresponding to each second frequency spectrum in order to obtain the basis components corresponding to the second frequency spectrum;

[0217] Each coherent component is calculated based on each basic component using the following formula:

[0218]

[0219] Among them, A ti Let θ be the instantaneous amplitude at time t corresponding to the i-th frequency spectrum. ti H is the angular frequency at time t corresponding to the i-th frequency spectrum. ti Then it is the coherent component of the frequency spectrum basis component at time t corresponding to the i-th frequency spectrum, where m is a positive integer or a proper fraction;

[0220] Identify the thickness range of the reservoir in the target area;

[0221] Determine the desired bandwidth based on the thickness range;

[0222] The energy weighting coefficients of the coherent components are determined based on the expected bandwidth and effective bandwidth of the original seismic data;

[0223] The coherent components are modulated based on energy weighting coefficients to obtain modulated coherent components;

[0224] The modulated coherent components are combined with the corresponding fundamental components to obtain the bandwidth-widened fundamental components, thereby confirming the third frequency spectrum.

[0225] The third frequency spectrum is subjected to time-frequency analysis and inverse transformation processing to obtain the frequency band broadened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data.

[0226] The computer-readable storage medium 800 may be an electronic memory such as flash memory, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM, hard disk, or ROM. Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium 800 has storage space for program code 810 that performs any of the method steps described above. This program code 810 can be read from or written to one or more computer program products. The program code 810 may be compressed, for example, in a suitable form.

[0227] This application also provides a computer program product or computer program that includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the computer device to perform the seismic data bandwidth broadening method described in the various optional implementations above.

[0228] In summary, this invention integrates multiple technical methods, including seismic data processing, to conduct comprehensive analysis. It can effectively solve the problem of broadening the seismic data frequency band in low exploration areas while ensuring the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, thereby improving the identification accuracy of oil and gas target areas and increasing the economic benefits of oil and gas exploration.

[0229] In the several embodiments provided in this disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed methods can also be implemented in other ways. The method embodiments described above are merely illustrative.

[0230] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0231] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A method of band broadening of seismic data, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the second frequency spectrum with effective bandwidth from the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data in the target area; Identify the coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies; The energy weighting coefficients of the coherent components are determined based on the expected bandwidth and the effective bandwidth of the original seismic data. Based on the energy weighting coefficient, the coherent component is energy modulated to obtain the modulated coherent component; Based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum, the third frequency spectrum after bandwidth widening is confirmed; The third frequency spectrum is subjected to time-frequency analysis and inverse transformation processing to obtain the frequency band broadened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data; The confirmation of coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies includes: Determine the frequency spectral function corresponding to each of the second frequency spectra in order to obtain the basis components corresponding to the second frequency spectra; The coherent components of each of the second frequency spectra are determined based on the basis components; The determination of the coherent components of each of the second frequency spectra based on the basis components includes: The coherent components of each of the second frequency spectra are calculated based on each of the said base components using a formula, wherein the formula is: ； in, For the first Each frequency spectrum corresponds to Instantaneous amplitude at time, For the first Each frequency spectrum corresponds to angular frequency at time t, Then it is the first Each frequency spectrum corresponds to The coherent components of the frequency spectrum basis components at time t. It can be a positive integer or a proper fraction; The confirmation of the third frequency spectrum after bandwidth broadening based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum includes: Determine the frequency spectral function corresponding to each of the second frequency spectra in order to obtain the basis components corresponding to the second frequency spectra; The modulated coherent component is combined with the corresponding base component to obtain the base component with a wider bandwidth, thereby confirming the third frequency spectrum.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Confirm the thickness range of the reservoir in the target area; The desired bandwidth is determined based on the thickness range.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain raw earthquake data; The first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data was confirmed based on time-frequency analysis.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The confirmation of the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data based on time-frequency analysis includes: The transformation technique based on time-frequency analysis converts the original seismic data in the time domain spectrum to the frequency amplitude spectrum to confirm the first frequency spectrum.

5. A device for widening the bandwidth of seismic data, characterized in that, The device includes: The first acquisition module is used to acquire the second frequency spectrum with effective bandwidth in the first frequency spectrum of the original seismic data in the target area; The first confirmation module is used to confirm the coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies; The second confirmation module is used to confirm the energy weighting coefficient of the coherent component based on the expected bandwidth and the effective bandwidth of the original seismic data. The second acquisition module is used to perform energy modulation on the coherent component based on the energy weighting coefficient to obtain the modulated coherent component; The third confirmation module is used to confirm the third frequency spectrum after bandwidth widening based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum. The inverse transformation processing module is used to perform time-frequency analysis and inverse transformation processing on the third frequency spectrum to obtain the frequency band broadened seismic data corresponding to the original seismic data; The confirmation of coherent components of the second frequency spectrum at different frequencies includes: Determine the frequency spectral function corresponding to each of the second frequency spectra in order to obtain the basis components corresponding to the second frequency spectra; The coherent components of each of the second frequency spectra are determined based on the basis components; The determination of the coherent components of each of the second frequency spectra based on the basis components includes: The coherent components of each of the second frequency spectra are calculated based on each of the said base components using a formula, wherein the formula is: ； in, For the first Each frequency spectrum corresponds to Instantaneous amplitude at time, For the first Each frequency spectrum corresponds to angular frequency at time t, Then it is the first Each frequency spectrum corresponds to The coherent components of the frequency spectrum basis components at time t. It can be a positive integer or a proper fraction; The confirmation of the third frequency spectrum after bandwidth broadening based on the modulated coherent components and the second frequency spectrum includes: Determine the frequency spectral function corresponding to each of the second frequency spectra in order to obtain the basis components corresponding to the second frequency spectra; The modulated coherent component is combined with the corresponding base component to obtain the base component with a wider bandwidth, thereby confirming the third frequency spectrum.

6. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; Memory; One or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs being configured to perform the band-widening method for seismic data as described in any one of claims 1-5.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores program code that can be invoked by one or more processors to execute the method for widening seismic data as described in any one of claims 1-5.

Images