Continuous excavation and filling mining method suitable for extremely broken and thick ore bodies

Abstract

The present invention discloses a continuous excavation and filling mining method suitable for extremely broken and thick ore bodies, which mines the ore body layer by layer from top to bottom, and in each layer, the ore body is mined in sequence along the direction of the ore body in a way of mining with an approach perpendicular to the direction of the ore body, and the mining progress of the next layer in the upper and lower adjacent layers always lags behind the mining progress of the previous layer. In this way, while ensuring the safe mining of extremely broken and thick ore bodies, the mining efficiency of extremely broken and thick ore bodies is improved, the continuous operation of mining and filling is realized, the dilution loss is reduced, and the economic benefits of the mine are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mine recovery and filling, and in particular to a continuous excavation and filling mining method suitable for extremely broken, thick and large ore bodies. Background Art

[0002] Scholars have studied different mining methods for different ore body conditions, which has greatly benefited underground mining. However, there are still some difficult-to-mined ore bodies, such as extremely fragmented and thick ore bodies. Most mines still use traditional widespread natural caving, pillarless caving, two-step approach filling mining, etc. for mining. Although the caving method is more efficient, it cannot control the loss and dilution and is very likely to cause disasters such as surface collapse. Although the two-step approach method can control the dilution loss, it is less efficient. When encountering extremely fragmented ore bodies, the stability of the two-step ore pillars cannot be guaranteed under blasting vibration. With the requirements of the dual carbon goals in recent years, the country has gradually tightened its underground mining policies and strongly recommended filling mining. For the mining of extremely fragmented and thick ore bodies, the caving method is prone to cause surface collapse and no longer meets the requirements of the country and the industry. The approach filling mining method requires that the adjacent approach filling body reaches a certain strength before it can be mined. The broken ore rock on both sides of the approach is prone to collapse, which is not conducive to filling and mining work. In addition, the tunnel excavation method has high rock drilling and blasting costs, low efficiency, and poor ventilation conditions.

[0003] The patent document with patent application number CN202110734230.0 provides a mining method for thick and large broken ore bodies by alternating ascent and continuous mining, which first mines the odd-numbered mining areas. After mining along the entire length of the mining area is completed, a filling retaining wall is erected at the bottom of the mining area, and the goaf is filled with cemented filling body. After mining of all odd-numbered mining areas in the same section is completed, mining of the even-numbered mining areas in the next section is started. When filling the even-numbered mining areas, the lower half uses tailings filling body to fill the goaf, and the upper half uses cemented filling body to fill the goaf; after mining of the even-numbered mining areas is completed, mining of the odd-numbered mining areas in the next section is carried out, and continuous mining is carried out by alternating ascent.

[0004] It can be seen that the mining method alternately mines the odd-numbered and even-numbered ore bodies in the upper and lower segmented ore bodies. This mining method makes it impossible to mine the ore bodies in the remaining odd-numbered and even-numbered ore bodies, resulting in large losses of ore dilution. In addition, when facing extremely broken and thick ore bodies, multiple access routes are used for synchronous mining. Although the mining efficiency is high, the stability is poor and it is very easy to cause collapse. Therefore, it is urgent to study a mining method that can achieve continuous mining support filling, simple process, low cost, safe and efficient for such complex and difficult-to-mine ore bodies. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a continuous excavation and filling mining method suitable for extremely fragmented, thick and large ore bodies, which can ensure the safe recovery of extremely fragmented, thick and large ore bodies while realizing continuous operation of mining and filling, reducing dilution losses and improving the economic benefits of mines.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a continuous excavation and filling mining method suitable for extremely broken and thick ore bodies, which includes: mining the ore body layer by layer from top to bottom, and in each layer, mining the ore body in sequence along the direction of the ore body in a route perpendicular to the direction of the ore body, and in the upper and lower adjacent layers, the mining progress of the next layer always lags behind the mining progress of the previous layer.

[0007] Preferably, the routes in two upper and lower adjacent layers are arranged in an up-and-down staggered manner.

[0008] Preferably, during the approach mining process, the area that has been mined but not yet filled is supported.

[0009] Preferably, during the mining process of each approach, the mining face is advanced vertically along the direction of the ore body, and support structures are arranged in the mining field accordingly with the mining progress of the approach.

[0010] Preferably, the mining width of the stope of a single approach is greater than the support width of the support structure.

[0011] Preferably, after the single-access mining support is completed, a reserved space is provided on the side relative to the mining advancement direction of the single-layer ore body.

[0012] Preferably, after the filling body in the previous approach has initially solidified, the next approach is mined along the direction of the single-layer ore body mining advancement. In the next approach, the mining face is advanced in sections along the direction perpendicular to the ore body. After each section of mining is completed, the support structure set on the corresponding section of the filling body in the previous approach is moved to the corresponding section of the mining field in the next approach for support.

[0013] Preferably, the support structure includes top support and single-sided side support. During mining of the access road, the single-sided side support is arranged toward one side of the mining advancement direction of the single-layer ore body.

[0014] Preferably, during the support process of the current approach, the suspended side of the top support of the support structure is abutted and fixed on the filling body of the previous approach.

[0015] Preferably, the ore dropping method for recovering the approach stope is mechanized ore dropping.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] The continuous excavation and filling mining method applicable to extremely fractured and thick ore bodies of the present invention mines the ore body layer by layer from top to bottom, and in each layer, the ore body is mined in sequence along the direction of the ore body in a mining method with an approach perpendicular to the direction of the ore body, and the mining progress of the lower layer in two adjacent layers always lags behind the mining progress of the upper layer; in this way, while ensuring the safe mining of the extremely fractured and thick ore body, the mining efficiency of the extremely fractured and thick ore body is improved, the continuous operation of mining and filling is realized, the dilution loss is reduced, and the economic benefit of the mine is improved.

[0018] The continuous excavation and filling mining method suitable for extremely broken and thick ore bodies described in the present invention continuously mines the layered ore body from left to right along the direction of the ore body in a single layer in an approach mining method perpendicular to the direction of the ore body. During the mining process of each approach, the mining face is advanced perpendicular to the direction of the ore body. This single approach mining method has a small exposed space, high safety in ore mining, and no need to leave ore pillars, which greatly improves the resource recovery rate and reduces depletion losses.

[0019] The continuous excavation and filling mining method suitable for extremely fractured, thick and large ore bodies described in the present invention controls the mining progress of the next layer to always lag behind the mining progress of the previous layer, so that the top of the mining approach of the next layer is always the filling body that has been mined, and can provide top support for the mining approach of the next layer, thereby achieving continuous mining and filling operations while ensuring mining safety and improving the mining efficiency of extremely fractured, thick and large ore bodies; further, in order to avoid excessive bending moment on the false roof of the previous layer when mining in the next layer, the approaches in the upper and lower adjacent layers are staggered up and down.

[0020] The continuous excavation and filling mining method suitable for extremely broken and thick ore bodies described in the present invention, in order to ensure the safety of the approach mining, a support structure is arranged in the mining field accordingly with the progress of the approach mining, and in the process of supporting the current approach, the top support of the support structure is suspended on one side and abutted and fixed on the filling body of the previous approach, so that the filling body of the previous approach provides support for the mining of the current approach, thereby ensuring the stability of the support structure.

[0021] The continuous excavation and filling mining method suitable for extremely broken and thick ore bodies described in the present invention has a reserved space on one side of each approach relative to the single-layer ore body recovery and advancement direction, that is, a reserved space is provided on the side relative to the unmined ore body. On the one hand, the reserved space can be used as a return air channel for later filling; on the other hand, it provides a pressure relief space for the extremely broken ore next to it to avoid direct contact with the working face. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic longitudinal section diagram of a continuous excavation and filling mining method applicable to extremely broken and thick ore bodies according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 For along Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of BB.

[0024] Figure 3 For along Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of CC.

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the mining support of adjacent approaches in the continuous excavation and filling mining method applicable to extremely broken and thick ore bodies according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] The markings of the components in the accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0027] 1. Middle section transport tunnel; 2. Chute; 3. Tunnel outside segmented vein; 4. Tunnel inside segmented vein; 5. Upper segmented transport tunnel; 6. Support structure; 7. Filling return air shaft; 8. Reserved space; 9. Filling body; 10. Approach; 11. Ore body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] The embodiment of the present invention provides a continuous excavation and filling mining method suitable for extremely broken and thick ore bodies, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it includes: mining the ore body 11 layer by layer from top to bottom, and in each layer, mining the ore body 11 in sequence along the direction of the ore body 11 in a mining method of access 9 perpendicular to the direction of the ore body 11, and in the upper and lower adjacent layers, the mining progress of the next layer always lags behind the mining progress of the previous layer. In this way, while ensuring the safe mining of extremely broken and thick ore bodies, the mining efficiency of extremely broken and thick ore bodies is improved, the continuous operation of mining and filling is realized, and the dilution loss is reduced, thereby improving the economic benefits of the mine.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in a single layer, the layered ore body 11 is continuously mined from left to right along the direction of the ore body 11 using the access 9 mining method perpendicular to the direction of the ore body 11. During the mining process of each access 9, the mining face is advanced perpendicular to the direction of the ore body 11. This mining method of a single access 9 has a small exposed space, high safety in the mining of the ore body 11, and no ore pillars are required, which greatly improves the resource recovery rate and reduces the loss of dilution. Preferably, the ore dropping method of the access 9 stope is mechanized excavation and ore dropping. This ore dropping method has little disturbance to the ore body 11 and can reduce the risk index of mining extremely broken ores.

[0031] In the longitudinal direction of the ore body 11, based on the structural characteristics of the extremely broken and thick ore body, to avoid the collapse of the ore body 11 during the mining process, the ore body 11 is mined by the downward slicing drift 9 mining method, that is, the ore body 11 is sliced longitudinally, and then mined layer by layer from top to bottom. In this way, after the mining and filling of the previous layer are completed, the filling body of the previous layer serves as the support false roof for the next layer, providing roof support for the mining of the next layer and greatly reducing the risk of collapse during the mining of the next layer.

[0032] To improve the mining efficiency of the extremely broken and thick ore body, as Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown, after the mining of 3 - 5 stopes in the previous layer, the next layer can start mining; in the upper and lower adjacent two layers, the mining progress of the next layer always lags behind that of the previous layer, that is, the mining progress of the previous layer always precedes that of the next layer; therefore, the upper part of the mining drift 9 of the next layer is always the filling body that has been mined, which can provide top support for the mining drift 9 of the next layer, so as to realize the continuous operation of mining and filling while ensuring mining safety and improve the mining efficiency of the extremely broken and thick ore body.

[0033] To further improve the mining safety of the lower drift 9, the drifts 9 in the upper and lower adjacent two layers are arranged staggered up and down; as Figure 1 shown, the drifts 9 in the previous layer and the drifts 9 in the next layer are arranged in a "pin" - shaped staggered layout, avoiding excessive bending moment on the false roof of the previous layer when the stope of the next layer is mined and further ensuring mining safety.

[0034] As Figure 2 and Figure 4 shown, during the mining process of the drift 9, the mining face is advanced along the direction perpendicular to the strike of the ore body 11. To ensure the safety of the mining of the drift 9, a support structure is arranged in the stope corresponding to the mining progress of the drift 9; since the area of the previous drift 9 has been filled to form a stable filling body, the support structure does not need to set side support on the side of the current drift 9 close to the previous drift 9. Preferably, the support structure includes top support and single - side side support. During the mining of the drift 9, the single - side side support is arranged towards the side of the mining advance direction of the single - layer ore body 11, that is, the support structure is provided with side support relative to the ore body 11 on the side that has not been mined, for supporting the ore body 11 on that side. Further preferably, during the support process of the current drift 9, the suspended side of the top support of the support structure abuts and is fixed on the filling body of the previous drift 9, so as to provide support for the mining of the current drift 9 by means of the filling body of the previous drift 9 and ensure the stability of the support structure.

[0035] In addition, the filling pipeline can be preset on the top support of the support structure. As the mining progress of the access route 9 is completed, the overall construction of the support structure in the access route 9 is completed, and then the layout of the filling pipeline is also completed, thereby improving the filling efficiency.

[0036] like Figure 4 As shown, after the filling body in the previous route 9 is initially solidified, the next route 9 is mined along the direction of the single-layer ore body 11. In the next route 9, the mining face is advanced in sections along the vertical direction of the ore body 11. After each section is mined, the section must be supported in time. Since the support structure is a unilateral structure, the support structure set on the corresponding section filling body in the previous route 9 can be directly moved to the corresponding section mining field of the next route 9 for support. Not only can the next route 9 be supported in time, but there is no need to disassemble and assemble the support structure after the initial solidification of the filling in the previous route 9. Preferably, a pulley is provided at the bottom of the support structure to facilitate the movement of the support structure.

[0037] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the mining width of the single access route 9 is larger than the support width of the support structure. After the mining and support of the single access route 9 is completed, a reserved space 8 is provided on the side relative to the mining advancement direction of the single-layer ore body 11, that is, a reserved space 8 is provided on the side relative to the unmined ore body 11. On the one hand, the reserved space 8 can be used as a return air channel for later filling; on the other hand, it provides a pressure relief space for the extremely broken ore next to it to avoid direct contact with the working face.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the figure, the specific process of the continuous excavation and filling mining method suitable for extremely broken and thick ore bodies is as follows:

[0039] In the vertical direction, the ore body 11 is mined by using the downward layered approach 9;

[0040] In a single layer, the ore body 11 is continuously mined from left to right along the direction of the ore body 11 by means of a mining route 9 perpendicular to the direction of the ore body 11. During the mining process of each mining route 9, the mining face is advanced perpendicular to the direction of the ore body 11, and support structures are arranged in the stope accordingly with the mining progress of the mining route 9, and a filling pipe is preset on the top support. A reserved space 8 is provided on the side of the current mining route 9 relative to the unmined ore body 11;

[0041] When the mining of the entire access road 9 is completed, geotextiles are laid on both sides of the supporting area of ​​the support structure, and then filled through the filling pipe. After the filling body is initially solidified, the next access road 9 is mined along the mining advancement direction of the single-layer ore body 11. In the next access road 9, the mining working face is advanced in sections along the vertical direction of the ore body 11. After each section is mined, the support structure set on the corresponding section filling body in the previous access road 9 is moved to the corresponding section mining field of the next access road 9 for support; this cycle is repeated until the next access road 9 completes the overall mining support, and then the filling work is carried out;

[0042] Each layer of ore body 11 is mined continuously in the order of mining, supporting and filling according to the above-mentioned access route 9. In the upper and lower adjacent layers, after the previous layer has been mined for 3 to 5 mining areas, the next layer can be mined, and the access routes 9 in the upper and lower adjacent layers are staggered up and down.

[0043] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous excavation and filling mining method suitable for extremely broken and thick ore bodies, characterized in that: include: The ore body is mined layer by layer from top to bottom. In each layer, the ore body is mined in sequence along the direction of the ore body in a mining method perpendicular to the direction of the ore body. In addition, the mining progress of the next layer in the upper and lower adjacent layers always lags behind the mining progress of the previous layer. The routes in the upper and lower adjacent layers are arranged in an alternating manner; During the mining process of each access route, the mining face is advanced vertically along the ore body, and support structures are arranged in the stope in accordance with the mining progress of the access route; After the filling body in the previous approach has initially solidified, the next approach is used to mine along the direction of the single-layer ore body. In the next approach, the mining face is advanced in sections along the direction perpendicular to the ore body. After each section is mined, the support structure set on the corresponding section filling body in the previous approach is moved to the corresponding section mining area of ​​the next approach for support.

2. The continuous excavation and filling mining method suitable for extremely broken, thick and large ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: During the approach mining process, support is provided for the areas that have been mined but not yet filled.

3. The continuous excavation and filling mining method applicable to extremely broken, thick and large ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mining width of the stope with a single approach is greater than the support width of the support structure.

4. The continuous excavation and filling mining method applicable to extremely broken, thick and large ore bodies according to claim 3 is characterized in that: After the single-route mining support is completed, a reserved space is set on the side relative to the single-layer ore body mining advancement direction.

5. The continuous excavation and filling mining method applicable to extremely broken, thick and large ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The support structure includes top support and single-sided side support. During mining of the access road, the single-sided side support is arranged toward one side of the mining advancement direction of the single-layer ore body.

6. The continuous excavation and filling mining method applicable to extremely broken, thick and large ore bodies according to claim 5 is characterized in that: During the current approach support process, the top support of the support structure is suspended on one side and abutted against the filling body of the previous approach.

7. The continuous excavation and filling mining method applicable to extremely broken, thick and large ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ore dropping method for approach mining is mechanized ore dropping.

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