Slope fixing device and fixing method

Abstract

This invention discloses a slope fixing device, comprising an L-shaped vertical plate; the plate includes a horizontal plate and a vertical plate; the angle between the vertical plate and the horizontal plate is the same as or similar to the slope angle α; at least one insert is provided in the middle of the vertical plate; the outer end of the insert passes through the vertical plate and is fixedly connected to it, while the inner end extends horizontally to one side of the horizontal plate; multiple through holes are provided on the circumferential surface of the insert; this slope fixing device and fixing method utilize the structural characteristics of the L-shaped plate to not only restrict the overturning and sliding of the soil by its shape, but also to stabilize the plate by the weight of the soil itself, thereby achieving positional stability of the plate and restriction of the soil, and transforming the possible sliding force of the soil into a resultant force in the vertical direction through the combined action of the vertical plate and the horizontal plate, thereby reducing or avoiding the occurrence of landslides.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering technology, specifically to a slope fixing device and fixing method. Background Technology

[0002] A slope is a natural or man-made incline, one of the most basic geological environments in human engineering activities, and also the most common engineering form in engineering construction.

[0003] In existing road engineering projects, soil slopes have poor structural stability and are prone to fracture and landslides due to rainwater or water erosion. Reinforcement is difficult, and landslides are still likely to occur even with existing anchor bolts or surface concrete frames. This is because soil slopes do not have a relatively stable internal structure and are relatively loose. They are easily broken and layered when eroded by water flow. Simply reinforcing the surface of the slope cannot change its internal instability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a slope fixing device and method. This slope fixing device and method utilize the structural characteristics of the L-shaped insert plate, which not only restricts the overturning and sliding of the soil by its shape, but also stabilizes the insert plate by the soil's own weight. This achieves positional stability of the insert plate and restriction of the soil. The potential sliding force of the soil is transformed into a resultant force in the vertical direction through the combined action of the vertical and horizontal plates, thereby reducing or avoiding the occurrence of landslides. Furthermore, the horizontal plate of the insert plate penetrates deep into the soil, dividing the soil into multiple layers, thereby reducing the interaction between soil layers and preventing chain reaction landslides.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a slope fixing device, comprising an insert plate with an L-shaped vertical cross-section; the insert plate includes a horizontal plate and a vertical plate; the angle between the vertical plate and the horizontal plate is the same as or similar to the slope angle α; at least one insert cylinder is provided in the middle of the vertical plate; the outer end of the insert cylinder passes through the vertical plate and is fixedly connected to the vertical plate, and the inner end extends horizontally to one side of the horizontal plate; multiple through holes are provided on the circumferential surface of the insert cylinder.

[0006] The vertical plate has multiple tree-shaped water guide channels on its outer surface. Each water guide channel includes a vertical main channel and inverted V-shaped branch channels. The lower end of each branch channel is connected to the main channel, and the upper end extends outward. The main channel passing through the insert forms a smooth branch around the insert and then rejoins below the insert.

[0007] The slope fixing device is also equipped with a soil removal mechanism; the soil removal mechanism includes an internally threaded sleeve located at the center and multiple ribs fixed in a divergent pattern on the outer circumference of the internally threaded sleeve; multiple grooves are opened on the inner wall of the outer end of the sleeve corresponding to the ribs; the outer end of the ribs can be detachably engaged with the grooves; a screw passes through the internally threaded sleeve and is threadedly engaged with the internally threaded sleeve; the inner end of the screw is provided with a tip.

[0008] The screw has multiple bulldozer blades arranged around its outer circumference near its inner end; the bulldozer blades are hinged to the screw so that they can rotate along the length of the screw; and stop blocks are fixedly arranged between the bulldozer blades and the inner tip of the screw, so that the maximum rotation range of the bulldozer blades does not exceed the vertical screw.

[0009] The bulldozer blade near its outer end has a certain tilt angle or tilt structure. The tilt angle of this tilt structure is the same as the screw's rotation direction, so that the bulldozer blade rotates outward and opens due to the counter-thrust force of the soil when it rotates with the screw.

[0010] The slope fixing device is also equipped with a soil filling mechanism; the soil filling mechanism includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder; the inner cylinder can be inserted into the outer cylinder and slide along the axial direction of the outer cylinder, or it can be removed from the outer cylinder to fill with soil; the outer diameter of the inner cylinder is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the insert cylinder; the inner cylinder is open at both ends, and multiple racks are arranged axially on the outer circumference; a gear is arranged on the inner side of the front end of the outer cylinder corresponding to the racks; the gear can mesh with the racks; a push plate is also provided inside the outer cylinder; the diameter of the push plate is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the inner cylinder; the push plate can be extended and retracted along the axial direction of the outer cylinder by a push rod.

[0011] The push rod is an electric push rod, and the gear is driven to rotate by a servo motor.

[0012] A slope stabilization method, employing the aforementioned slope stabilization device, includes the following steps:

[0013] ① Design and process multiple insert plates according to the angle and area of ​​the slope;

[0014] ② The horizontal plate and the insert cylinder of the insert plate are hammered or pressed into the slope from top to bottom or bottom to top, so that the inner surface of the vertical plate of the insert plate is attached to the slope surface; adjacent insert plates are connected into one piece by welding.

[0015] ③ Insert the ribs into the grooves, and screw the screw through the internal threaded sleeve, squeezing and screwing it into the soil in the insert;

[0016] ④ The screw rotates in the opposite direction, and the tilting angle of the bulldozer blades is in the same direction as the screw's rotation. This causes the bulldozer blades to rotate outward and open due to the counter-thrust of the soil as the screw rotates. Furthermore, the bulldozer blades also open due to the resistance of the soil as they move outward with the screw during rotation. After opening to a preset angle, the bulldozer blades are stopped by a stop block and stop opening outward. As the bulldozer blades move outward and rotate continuously with the screw, most of the soil in the insert can be pushed out, and the remaining soil becomes loose and easy to remove.

[0017] ⑤ After removing the soil from the inlet, remove the soil discharge mechanism;

[0018] ⑥ Fill the inner cylinder with planting soil and place plant seeds during the filling process;

[0019] ⑦ Insert the inner cylinder into the outer cylinder so that the gear meshes with the rack; the front end of the inner cylinder extends beyond the front end of the outer cylinder; hold the outer cylinder and insert the front end of the inner cylinder into the insert;

[0020] ⑧ The servo motor drives the gear to rotate, and the gear drives the inner cylinder to move deeper into the insert through the rack. At the same time, the push plate moves forward synchronously under the drive of the push rod.

[0021] ⑨ When the inner cylinder moves forward to its limit, the position of the push plate is maintained, and the servo motor drives the gear to rotate in the opposite direction. The gear drives the inner cylinder to move back through the rack. Since the position of the push plate is fixed at this time, the soil in the inner cylinder is blocked by the push plate and cannot move outward with the inner cylinder, thus detaching from the inner cylinder and filling the insert.

[0022] ⑩ The servo motor drives the inner cylinder in reverse again, causing it to detach from the outer cylinder. Alternatively, the inner cylinder can be pulled out directly when the servo motor is not powered, and the soil can be refilled inside the inner cylinder. At the same time, the push rod drives the push plate to move back to the initial position.

[0023] After the plant seeds in the soil germinate, they grow outward and emerge from the outer opening of the insert. During the growth process, the roots can spread outward through the through holes on the circumference of the insert, increasing the adhesion between the insert and the external soil.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] 1. This invention utilizes the structural characteristics of the L-shaped insert plate, which not only restricts the overturning and sliding of the soil with its shape, but also stabilizes the insert plate using the soil's own weight. This achieves positional stability of the insert plate and restriction of the soil, transforming the potential sliding force of the soil into a resultant force in the vertical direction through the combined action of the vertical and horizontal plates, thereby reducing or avoiding landslides. Furthermore, the horizontal plate of the insert plate penetrates deep into the soil, dividing the soil into multiple layers, thereby reducing the interaction between soil layers and preventing chain reactions of landslides. Adjacent insert plates are connected as a whole by welding, thus achieving overall and local stability of the slope.

[0026] 2. The insert provided by this invention not only increases the contact area with the soil and improves friction by utilizing the arc-shaped inner and outer surfaces of its cylindrical structure, but also ensures the structural stability and strength of the insert by squeezing and bearing the soil through the internal structure of the cylinder, thereby reducing the strength requirements of the insert. Then, the soil in the insert is discharged and filled with planting soil. After the seeds in the planting soil gradually grow, they can grow from the outer end of the insert, and the roots can spread outward through the through holes on the insert, thus forming a divergent root system based on the insert. The plant roots bind the soil together, and the plants growing from the insert are protected by the insert, which can effectively prevent them from falling off or tipping over. It has a good water retention capacity and resistance to harsh weather.

[0027] 3. This invention also includes a soil discharge mechanism, which utilizes a simple structure to discharge the compacted soil from the insert. Simply insert the ribs into the grooves, and screw the screw through the internal threaded sleeve, compressing and screwing it into the soil in the insert. Then, rotate the screw in the opposite direction. The tilt angle of the bulldozer blades is the same as the screw's rotation direction, causing the bulldozer blades to rotate outwards under the counterforce of the soil as the screw rotates. Furthermore, as the screw moves outwards during rotation, the bulldozer blades also open due to the resistance of the soil. After opening to a preset angle, the bulldozer blades are stopped by a stop block and stop opening further. As the screw moves outwards and rotates continuously, most of the soil in the insert is pushed out, and the remaining soil becomes loose and easy to remove.

[0028] 4. This invention is also equipped with a soil filling mechanism, which can conveniently and quickly fill the inserted cylinder with soil after the soil has been removed. It cleverly utilizes the gear and rack structure and the push plate, and adopts a mother-daughter cylinder structure design. Not only can the inner cylinder be quickly filled with soil from the outside, but multiple people can also work together to greatly increase the filling efficiency. In addition, the operator only needs to hold the outer cylinder and insert the front end of the inner cylinder into the inserted cylinder to automatically complete the soil filling operation, which saves time and effort and is highly efficient. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1This is a side view schematic diagram of the slope fixing device of the present invention fixing a slope;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of the slope fixing device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a side sectional view of the slope fixing device and step ③ screw insertion of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a side cross-sectional view of the slope fixing device and step ④ of the present invention when the bulldozer blades are opened;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the soil removal mechanism of the present invention in conjunction with the insert.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bulldozer blades of the present invention when they are deployed;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the soil filling mechanism of the present invention in step ⑦;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the soil filling mechanism of the present invention in step ⑧;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the soil filling mechanism of the present invention in step ⑨.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Insert plate; 11. Horizontal plate; 12. Vertical plate; 13. Insert cylinder; 131. Groove; 141. Main groove; 142. Branch groove; 151. Internal threaded sleeve; 152. Rib; 16. Screw; 161. Bulldozer blade; 162. Stop block; 163. Inclined structure; 17. Outer cylinder; 171. Gear; 172. Push plate; 173. Push rod; 174. Servo motor; 18. Inner cylinder; 181. Rack. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Please see Figures 1 to 9The present invention provides a technical solution: a slope fixing device, including an insert plate 1 with an L-shaped vertical cross section; the insert plate 1 includes a horizontal plate 11 and a vertical plate 12; the angle between the vertical plate 12 and the horizontal plate 11 is the same as or similar to the slope angle α; at least one insert cylinder 13 is provided in the middle of the vertical plate 12; the outer end of the insert cylinder 13 passes through the vertical plate 12 and is fixedly connected to the vertical plate 12, and the inner end extends horizontally to one side of the horizontal plate 11; multiple through holes are opened on the circumferential surface of the insert cylinder 13.

[0041] Furthermore, multiple tree-shaped water guide channels are provided on the outer surface of the vertical plate 12; the water guide channels include a vertical main channel 141 and an inverted V-shaped branch channel 142; the lower end of the branch channel 142 is connected to the main channel 141, and the upper end extends outward; the main channel 141 passing through the insert 13 forms a smooth branch around the insert 13, and rejoins below the insert 13.

[0042] Furthermore, the slope fixing device is also equipped with a soil removal mechanism; the soil removal mechanism includes an internally threaded sleeve 151 located at the center and multiple ribs 152 fixed in a divergent pattern on the outer circumference of the internally threaded sleeve 151; multiple grooves 131 are opened on the inner wall of the outer end of the insert 13 corresponding to the ribs 152; the outer end of the ribs 152 can be detachably engaged with the grooves 131; a screw 16 passes through the internally threaded sleeve 151 and is threadedly engaged with the internally threaded sleeve 151; the inner end of the screw 16 is provided with a pointed end.

[0043] Furthermore, a plurality of bulldozer blades 161 are arranged around the outer circumference of the screw 16 near its inner end; the bulldozer blades 161 are hinged to the screw 16 so that they can rotate along the length of the screw 16; a stop block 162 is fixedly provided between the bulldozer blades 161 and the inner tip of the screw 16, respectively, so that the maximum rotation range of the bulldozer blades 161 does not exceed the vertical screw 16.

[0044] Furthermore, the portion of the bulldozer blade 161 near its outer end has a certain tilt angle or tilt structure 163. The tilt direction of this tilt structure is the same as the screw 16's rotation direction, so that the bulldozer blade 161 rotates outward and opens due to the counter-thrust force of the soil when the screw 16 rotates.

[0045] Furthermore, the slope fixing device is also equipped with a soil filling mechanism; the soil filling mechanism includes an outer cylinder 17 and an inner cylinder 18; the inner cylinder 18 can be inserted into the outer cylinder 17 and slide along the axial direction of the outer cylinder 17, or it can be removed from the outer cylinder 17 to fill with soil; the outer diameter of the inner cylinder 18 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the insert 13; the inner cylinder 18 is open at both ends, and multiple racks 181 are arranged axially on the outer circumference; a gear 171 is provided on the inner side of the front end of the outer cylinder 17 corresponding to the racks 181; the gear 171 can mesh with the racks 181; a push plate 172 is also provided inside the outer cylinder 17; the diameter of the push plate 172 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the inner cylinder 18; the push plate 172 can be extended and retracted along the axial direction of the outer cylinder 17 by a push rod 173.

[0046] Furthermore, the push rod 173 is an electric push rod, and the gear 171 is driven to rotate by a servo motor 174.

[0047] A slope fixing method, using a slope fixing device, includes the following steps:

[0048] ① Design and process multiple insert plates 1 according to the angle and area of ​​the slope;

[0049] ② The horizontal plate 11 and the insert cylinder 13 of the insert plate 1 are hammered or pressed into the slope from top to bottom or from bottom to top, so that the inner surface of the vertical plate 12 of the insert plate 1 is attached to the slope surface; adjacent insert plates 1 are connected into one piece by welding.

[0050] ③ Insert the rib 152 into the groove 131, and screw the screw 16 through the internal threaded sleeve 151 while squeezing and screwing it into the soil in the insert 13;

[0051] ④ The screw 16 is rotated in the opposite direction. The tilting direction of the tilting structure 163 of the bulldozer blade 161 is the same as the screw 16's rotation direction. This causes the bulldozer blade 161 to rotate outward and open due to the counter-thrust of the soil as the screw 16 rotates. Furthermore, the bulldozer blade 161 also opens due to the resistance of the soil as it moves outward with the screw 16 during rotation. After opening to a preset angle, the bulldozer blade 161 is stopped by the stop block 162 and stops opening outward. As the screw 16 moves outward, the bulldozer blade 161 rotates continuously, thus pushing out most of the soil in the insert 13. The remaining soil also becomes loose and easy to remove.

[0052] ⑤ After removing the soil from the insert 13, remove the soil discharge mechanism;

[0053] ⑥ Fill the inner cylinder 18 with planting soil and place plant seeds during the filling process. Simply place the inner cylinder 18 vertically on the ground, fill with planting soil and compact it appropriately. When picking it up, hold one end of the inner cylinder to prevent leakage.

[0054] ⑦ See Figure 7 Insert the inner cylinder 18 into the outer cylinder 17 so that the gear 171 meshes with the rack 181; the front end of the inner cylinder 18 extends out of the front end of the outer cylinder 17; hold the outer cylinder 17 and insert the front end of the inner cylinder 18 into the insert 13;

[0055] ⑧See Figure 8 Servo motor 174 drives gear 171 to rotate, and gear 171 drives inner cylinder 18 to move deeper into insert cylinder 13 through rack 181. At the same time, push plate 172 moves forward synchronously under the drive of push rod 173.

[0056] ⑨ See Figure 9When the inner cylinder 18 moves forward to its limit, the position of the push plate 172 is maintained, and the servo motor 174 drives the gear 171 to rotate in the opposite direction. The gear 171 drives the inner cylinder 18 to move back through the rack 181. Since the position of the push plate 172 is fixed at this time, the soil in the inner cylinder 18 is blocked by the push plate 172 and cannot move outward with the inner cylinder 18, thus detaching from the inner cylinder 18 and filling into the insert 13.

[0057] ⑩ The servo motor 174 drives the inner cylinder 18 in reverse again, causing it to detach from the outer cylinder 17. Alternatively, the inner cylinder 18 can be pulled out directly when the servo motor 174 is not powered, and the soil can be refilled inside the inner cylinder 18. At the same time, the push rod 173 drives the push plate 172 to move back to the initial position.

[0058] After the plant seeds in the soil germinate, they grow outward and emerge from the outer opening of the insert 13. During the growth process, the roots can spread outward through the through holes on the circumference of the insert 13, increasing the adhesion between the insert 13 and the external soil.

[0059] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A slope fixing device, characterized in that: The device includes an L-shaped vertical cross-section insert (1); the insert (1) includes a horizontal plate (11) and a vertical plate (12); the angle between the vertical plate (12) and the horizontal plate (11) is the same as or similar to the slope angle α; at least one insert (13) is provided in the middle of the vertical plate (12); the outer end of the insert (13) passes through the vertical plate (12) and is fixedly connected to the vertical plate (12), and the inner end extends horizontally to one side of the horizontal plate (11); multiple through holes are provided on the circumferential surface of the insert (13); The slope fixing device is also equipped with a soil removal mechanism; the soil removal mechanism includes an internally threaded sleeve (151) located at the center and multiple ribs (152) fixed in a divergent shape on the outer circumference of the internally threaded sleeve (151); multiple grooves (131) are opened on the inner wall of the outer end of the insert (13) corresponding to the ribs (152); the outer end of the ribs (152) can be detachably engaged with the grooves (131); a screw (16) passes through the internally threaded sleeve (151) and is threadedly engaged with the internally threaded sleeve (151); the inner end of the screw (16) is provided with a pointed part; The screw (16) has multiple bulldozer blades (161) arranged around its outer circumference near its inner end; the bulldozer blades (161) are hinged to the screw (16) so that they can rotate along the length of the screw (16); a stop block (162) is fixedly provided between the bulldozer blades (161) and the inner tip of the screw (16) respectively, so that the maximum rotation range of the bulldozer blades (161) does not exceed the vertical screw (16); The bulldozer blade (161) near its outer end has a certain tilt angle or tilt structure (163). The tilt direction of the tilt structure is the same as the screw (16) rotation direction, so that the bulldozer blade (161) rotates outward and opens due to the counter-thrust force of the soil when it rotates with the screw (16).

2. The slope fixing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the vertical plate (12) is provided with a plurality of tree-shaped water guide channels; the water guide channels include a vertical main channel (141) and a branch channel (142) in the shape of an inverted V; the lower end of the branch channel (142) is connected to the main channel (141) and the upper end extends outward; the main channel (141) passing through the insert (13) forms a smooth fork around the insert (13) and rejoins below the insert (13).

3. The slope fixing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The slope fixing device is also equipped with a soil filling mechanism; the soil filling mechanism includes an outer cylinder (17) and an inner cylinder (18); the inner cylinder (18) can be inserted into the outer cylinder (17) and slide along the axial direction of the outer cylinder (17), or it can be removed from the outer cylinder (17) to fill with soil; the outer diameter of the inner cylinder (18) is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the insert (13); the inner cylinder (18) is open at both ends, and multiple racks (181) are arranged axially on the outer circumference; a gear (171) is provided on the inner side of the front end of the outer cylinder (17) corresponding to the racks (181); the gear (171) can mesh with the racks (181); a push plate (172) is also provided inside the outer cylinder (17); the diameter of the push plate (172) is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the inner cylinder (18); the push plate (172) can be extended and retracted along the axial direction of the outer cylinder (17) by a push rod (173).

4. A slope fixing device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The push rod (173) is an electric push rod, and the gear (171) is driven to rotate by a servo motor (174).

5. A slope fixing method, using the slope fixing device of claim 4, comprising the following steps: ① Design and process multiple insert plates according to the angle and area of ​​the slope (1); ② The horizontal plate (11) and the insert (13) of the insert plate (1) are hammered or pressed into the slope from top to bottom or from bottom to top, so that the inner surface of the vertical plate (12) of the insert plate (1) is attached to the slope surface; adjacent insert plates (1) are connected into one piece by welding. ③ Insert the rib (152) into the groove (131), and screw the screw (16) through the internal thread sleeve (151) while squeezing and screwing it into the soil in the insert (13); ④ Rotate the screw (16) in the opposite direction. The tilting direction of the tilting structure (163) of the bulldozer blade (161) is the same as the screw (16)'s rotation direction. This causes the bulldozer blade (161) to rotate outward and open due to the counter-thrust of the soil as the screw (16) rotates. The bulldozer blade (161) also opens due to the resistance of the soil as it moves outward with the screw (16) during rotation. After opening to a preset angle, the bulldozer blade (161) is stopped by the stop block (162) and no longer opens outward. The bulldozer blade (161) rotates continuously as the screw (16) moves outward, thus pushing out most of the soil in the insert (13). The remaining soil also becomes loose and easy to clean out. ⑤ After removing the soil from the insert (13), remove the soil discharge mechanism; ⑥ Fill the inner cylinder (18) with planting soil and place plant seeds during the filling process; ⑦ Insert the inner cylinder (18) into the outer cylinder (17) so that the gear (171) meshes with the rack (181); the front end of the inner cylinder (18) extends out of the front end of the outer cylinder (17); hold the outer cylinder (17) and insert the front end of the inner cylinder (18) into the insert (13); ⑧ The servo motor (174) drives the gear (171) to rotate. The gear (171) drives the inner cylinder (18) to move deeper into the insert (13) through the rack (181). At the same time, the push plate (172) moves forward synchronously under the drive of the push rod (173). ⑨ When the inner cylinder (18) moves forward to its limit, the position of the push plate (172) is maintained, and the servo motor (174) drives the gear (171) to rotate in the opposite direction. The gear (171) drives the inner cylinder (18) to move back through the rack (181). Since the position of the push plate (172) is fixed at this time, the soil in the inner cylinder (18) is blocked by the push plate (172) and cannot move outward with the inner cylinder (18), thus detaching from the inner cylinder (18) and filling into the insert (13); ⑩ The servo motor (174) drives the inner cylinder (18) in reverse again, causing it to come out of the outer cylinder (17). Alternatively, the inner cylinder (18) can be pulled out directly when the servo motor (174) is not powered, and the inner cylinder (18) can be refilled with planting soil. At the same time, the push rod (173) drives the push plate (172) to move back to the initial position. ⑪ After the plant seeds in the soil germinate, they grow outward and emerge from the outside of the tube (13). During the growth process, the roots can spread outward through the through holes on the circumference of the tube (13), increasing the adhesion between the tube (13) and the external soil.

Images