Preparation method, preparation product and application of solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material

Abstract

The present application discloses a method for preparing a solvent-resistant, highly elastic nanofiber material, a prepared product, and an application. The method for preparing the solvent-resistant, highly elastic nanofiber material comprises: preparing a prepolymer with an isocyanate end group from a diisocyanate and a polyol; adding a solvent, a small molecule diol, and a polyurethane catalyst to the prepolymer for chain extension to obtain an isocyanate-terminated polyurethane; adding aminoalkoxysilane to the isocyanate-terminated polyurethane to obtain a linear alkoxysilane-terminated polyurethane; adding an isopropanol solution of chloroplatinic acid, dibutyltin dilaurate, and the remaining solvent to the prepared linear alkoxysilane-terminated polyurethane, stirring the mixture thoroughly under sealed conditions, and preparing an electrospinning solution; using a steam-assisted electrospinning process to hydrolyze and polycondense the electrospinning solution to prepare a three-dimensional polyurethane polymer nanofiber. The nanofiber material prepared in the present application overcomes the problem that existing nanofiber materials cannot achieve both solvent resistance and high elasticity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of textile material preparation, and in particular to a method for preparing a solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material, a solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material, and applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] Electrospinning is an advanced nanofiber forming technology, but current electrospun fiber membranes are mostly produced through solution spinning. This involves dissolving a linear polymer in a specific solvent to form a uniform solution, which is then stretched through a high-voltage electric field and solidified in air to form fibers, ultimately resulting in a porous fiber membrane. Therefore, without specific molecular design and post-treatment of the spinning polymer, the spinning solvent can easily re-dissolve the prepared fiber membrane. Chemically protective fabrics aim to achieve broad solvent protection, so this presents a significant drawback for conventional electrospun fiber membranes. The solubility of a polymer is closely related to its molecular structure and arrangement. Based on this principle, solvents with similar dispersion, dipole, and hydrogen bonding forces can be selected as good solvents. While currently produced polyimide and polytetrafluoroethylene electrospun fiber membranes exhibit excellent solvent and temperature resistance, their elongation at break typically does not exceed 20%, and their elastic recovery is less than 5%. Inorganic fibers exhibit even poorer elongation, making them difficult to meet the demands of certain apparel applications requiring high elasticity.

[0003] Therefore, it is hoped that there will be a technical solution to solve or at least alleviate the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] One aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a solvent-resistant, highly elastic nanofiber material, the method comprising:

[0006] A prepolymer having an isocyanate terminal group is prepared from diisocyanate and polyol;

[0007] adding a solvent, a small molecule diol and a polyurethane catalyst to the prepolymer for chain extension to obtain an isocyanate-terminated polyurethane;

[0008] Aminoalkoxysilane is added to isocyanate-terminated polyurethane at low temperature to obtain linear alkoxysilyl-terminated polyurethane;

[0009] The prepared linear alkoxy-terminated silyl polyurethane was added to an isopropyl alcohol solution of chloroplatinic acid, dibutyltin dilaurate and the remaining solvent, and stirred thoroughly under sealed conditions to prepare an electrospinning solution;

[0010] The water vapor assisted electrospinning process is used to make the electrospinning solution undergo hydrolysis-polycondensation reaction to prepare linear polyurethane polymer into three-dimensional polyurethane polymer nanofibers.

[0011] Optionally, the structure of the linear alkoxy-terminated silane-based polyurethane is as follows:

[0012]

[0013] Optionally, the diisocyanate is a combination of one or more of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and lysine diisocyanate (LDI);

[0014] The polyol is one or more of polycaprolactone / polyethylene adipate diol / polytetramethylene glycol / polyoxypropylene glycol, polybutylene adipate diol / polyethylene glycol;

[0015] The small molecule diol is a combination of one or more of ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol; the aminoalkoxysilane is a combination of one or more of N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane;

[0016] The polyurethane catalyst is a combination of one or more organotin or organobismuth catalysts; the solvent is a combination of one or more of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, butanone, cyclohexanone, acetone, ethyl acetate, toluene, and xylene, and the moisture content of the solvent is ensured to be no more than 0.1%.

[0017] Optionally, the preparation of the alkoxy-terminated silane-based polyurethane comprises:

[0018] The mass fraction of the high molecular polymer in the electrospinning solution is 5-30%, the mass fraction of chloroplatinic acid is 0.05-0.2%, and the added amount of dibutyltin dilaurate is 0.005-0.1%.

[0019] Optionally, the stirring under sealed conditions comprises:

[0020] The stirring conditions are sealed stirring to prevent water vapor from entering, the stirring time is 0.5-2h, the stirring rate is 50-500rpm, and the stirring temperature is 20-35°C.

[0021] Optionally, the step of using a steam-assisted electrospinning process to subject the electrospinning solution to a hydrolysis-polycondensation reaction to prepare linear polyurethane polymers into three-dimensional polyurethane polymer nanofibers comprises:

[0022] The electrospinning solution is extruded from a nozzle and a voltage is applied to form a spinning jet;

[0023] The spinning jet passes through a spinning area with a preset water vapor concentration, so that the spinning jet undergoes step-by-step hydrolysis-condensation from the outside to the inside under the action of high-voltage static electricity, water vapor and dibutyltin dilaurate, thereby obtaining three-dimensional polyurethane nanofibers; wherein, the spinning process parameters are: voltage of 10-80kV, receiving distance of 5-40cm, perfusion rate of 0.05-10mL / h, and spinning temperature of 10-35℃.

[0024] Optionally, the spinning area with the preset water vapor concentration is a spinning area with a gradient water vapor concentration, wherein the water vapor concentration in the spinning area gradually decreases.

[0025] Optionally, the electrospinning voltage is 10 to 50 kV, the receiving distance is 5 to 50 cm, the supply speed of the spinning solution is 0.2 to 15 mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained fiber membrane is 5 to 50 μm.

[0026] The present application also provides a solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material, which is prepared by the solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material preparation method as described above.

[0027] The present application also provides an application of the solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material as described above, wherein the solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material is used alone or in combination with a substrate.

[0028] Beneficial effects

[0029] The method for preparing the solvent-resistant highly elastic nanofiber material of the present application has the following advantages:

[0030] 1. According to the present invention, based on electrospinning technology, a linear terminal alkoxysilane polyurethane suitable for electrospinning is specifically synthesized. Under the combined action of high-voltage static electricity, catalyst and water, the terminal alkoxysilane of the linear polyurethane undergoes a hydrolysis-condensation reaction to form a bulk polymer containing an inorganic cross-linked structure of Si-O-Si structure and elastic chain segments.

[0031] 2. The nanofiber material prepared by the present invention overcomes the problem that existing nanofiber materials cannot achieve both solvent resistance and high elasticity.

[0032] 3. The prepared solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material can be used alone or as a substrate for post-processing to meet the needs of special clothing fields such as chemical defense that have high requirements for breathability and comfort. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a solvent-resistant, highly elastic nanofiber material provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the synthesis mechanism of alkoxy-terminated silane-based polyurethane provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-linked regions and elastic segments in the polymer of the alkoxy-silyl-terminated polyurethane after the hydrolysis-condensation reaction provided by one embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a scanning electron microscope image of a solvent-resistant, highly elastic nanofiber material prepared in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the implementation of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain this application, and should not be understood as limitations on this application. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. The embodiments of this application are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0038] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a solvent-resistant, highly elastic nanofiber material provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0039] like Figure 1 The method for preparing the solvent-resistant highly elastic nanofiber material includes:

[0040] Step 1: preparing a prepolymer having an isocyanate terminal group using diisocyanate and polyol;

[0041] Step 2: adding a solvent, a small molecule diol and a polyurethane catalyst to the prepolymer for chain extension to obtain an isocyanate-terminated polyurethane;

[0042] Step 3: adding aminoalkoxysilane to the isocyanate-terminated polyurethane at low temperature to obtain a linear alkoxysilyl-terminated polyurethane;

[0043] Step 4: adding the prepared linear alkoxy-terminated silyl polyurethane to an isopropyl alcohol solution of chloroplatinic acid, dibutyltin dilaurate, and the remaining solvent, and stirring thoroughly under sealed conditions to prepare an electrospinning solution;

[0044] Step 5: Using a steam-assisted electrospinning process, the electrospinning solution undergoes a hydrolysis-polycondensation reaction to prepare the linear polyurethane polymer into a three-dimensional polyurethane polymer nanofiber.

[0045] The method for preparing the solvent-resistant highly elastic nanofiber material of the present application has the following advantages:

[0046] 1. According to the present invention, based on electrospinning technology, a linear terminal alkoxysilane polyurethane suitable for electrospinning is specifically synthesized. Under the combined action of high-voltage static electricity, catalyst and water, the terminal alkoxysilane of the linear polyurethane undergoes a hydrolysis-condensation reaction to form a bulk polymer containing an inorganic cross-linked structure of Si-O-Si structure and elastic chain segments.

[0047] 2. The nanofiber material prepared by the present invention overcomes the problem that existing nanofiber materials cannot achieve both solvent resistance and high elasticity.

[0048] 3. The prepared solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material can be used alone or as a substrate for post-processing to meet the needs of special clothing fields such as chemical defense that have high requirements for breathability and comfort.

[0049] In this embodiment, the structure of the linear alkoxy-terminated silane-based polyurethane is as follows:

[0050]

[0051] In this embodiment, the diisocyanate is a combination of one or more of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and lysine diisocyanate (LDI);

[0052] The polyol is one or more of polycaprolactone / polyethylene adipate diol / polytetramethylene glycol / polyoxypropylene glycol, polybutylene adipate diol / polyethylene glycol;

[0053] The small molecule diol is a combination of one or more of ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol; the aminoalkoxysilane is a combination of one or more of N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane;

[0054] The polyurethane catalyst is a combination of one or more organotin or organobismuth catalysts; the solvent is a combination of one or more of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, butanone, cyclohexanone, acetone, ethyl acetate, toluene, and xylene, and the moisture content of the solvent is ensured to be no more than 0.1%.

[0055] In this embodiment, the preparation of the alkoxy-terminated silane-based polyurethane comprises:

[0056] The mass fraction of the high molecular polymer in the electrospinning solution is 5-30%, the mass fraction of chloroplatinic acid is 0.05-0.2%, and the added amount of dibutyltin dilaurate is 0.005-0.1%.

[0057] In this embodiment, the stirring under sealed conditions includes:

[0058] The stirring conditions are sealed stirring to prevent water vapor from entering, the stirring time is 0.5-2h, the stirring rate is 50-500rpm, and the stirring temperature is 20-35°C.

[0059] In this embodiment, the steam-assisted electrospinning process is used to subject the electrospinning solution to a hydrolysis-polycondensation reaction to prepare linear polyurethane polymer into three-dimensional polyurethane polymer nanofibers, including:

[0060] The electrospinning solution is extruded from a nozzle and a voltage is applied to form a spinning jet;

[0061] The spinning jet passes through a spinning area with a preset water vapor concentration, so that the spinning jet undergoes step-by-step hydrolysis-condensation from the outside to the inside under the action of high-voltage static electricity, water vapor and dibutyltin dilaurate, thereby obtaining three-dimensional polyurethane nanofibers; wherein, the spinning process parameters are: voltage of 10-80kV, receiving distance of 5-40cm, perfusion rate of 0.05-10mL / h, and spinning temperature of 10-35℃.

[0062] In this embodiment, the spinning area with the preset water vapor concentration is a spinning area with a gradually changing water vapor concentration, wherein the water vapor concentration in the spinning area gradually decreases.

[0063] In this embodiment, the electrospinning voltage is 10-50 kV, the receiving distance is 5-50 cm, the supply speed of the spinning solution is 0.2-15 mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained fiber membrane is 5-50 μm.

[0064] The present application also provides a solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material, which is prepared by the solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material preparation method as described above.

[0065] The present application also provides an application of the solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material as described above, characterized in that the solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material is used alone or in combination with a substrate.

[0066] In the flexible metal hydroxide nanofiber material prepared by the present invention, the nanofiber is composed of metal hydroxide throughout, has a high molar content of metal hydroxide groups, a large aspect ratio, and has a specific surface area of the same order of magnitude as that of micro / nano particle materials;

[0067] The principle of solving the above problems in the present application is to synthesize a linear polyurethane with terminal alkoxysilane suitable for electrostatic spinning based on the high elasticity of the polyurethane material, and use it as a spinning polymer. In the process of preparing the spinning solution, chloroplatinic acid is added as a conductive agent and dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst, and spinning is carried out with the assistance of water vapor at a certain humidity. During the spinning process, under the combined action of high-voltage static electricity, catalyst and water, the terminal alkoxysilane of the linear polyurethane with a functionality of 3 to 6 undergoes a hydrolysis-polycondensation reaction to form a bulk polymer containing an inorganic cross-linked structure of Si-O-Si structure and an elastic chain segment. It is then treated under low alkaline conditions to fully polycondense it, and then washed and dried to obtain a highly elastic solvent-resistant nanofiber material. At the same time, the material has very high mechanical strength and can be used alone or in combination with substrates such as non-woven fabrics, which greatly broadens the application of nanofiber materials in the fields of high temperature resistance, chemical resistance and protection. Based on the above principles, the embodiments in this specification provide a solvent-resistant, highly elastic nanofiber material and its preparation method and application, including:

[0068] Step 1: A diisocyanate and a polyol are reacted at a certain temperature (e.g., 55°C-90°C) to prepare a prepolymer with an isocyanate terminal group. A solvent (in this embodiment, the solvent includes one or more of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, butanone, cyclohexanone, acetone, ethyl acetate, toluene, and xylene), a small molecule diol, and a polyurethane catalyst are then added to extend the chain to obtain an isocyanate-terminated polyurethane. Aminoalkoxysilane is then added at a low temperature (0°C-10°C) to obtain a linear alkoxysilane-terminated polyurethane. This is then used as the main polymer for spinning.

[0069] Step 2: Add a certain amount (the mass fraction of chloroplatinic acid is 0.05-0.2%) of isopropanol solution of chloroplatinic acid and a small amount (the addition amount is 0.005-0.1%) of dibutyltin dilaurate and the remaining solvent to the prepared terminal alkoxysilyl polyurethane, stir thoroughly under sealed conditions, and prepare an electrospinning solution.

[0070] Step 3: Using a steam-assisted electrospinning process under high humidity conditions to perform a hydrolysis-polycondensation reaction to prepare the linear polyurethane polymer into a three-dimensional polyurethane polymer nanofiber.

[0071] Step 4: treating the bulk polyurethane polymer nanofibers in a low alkaline condition (in a solution with a pH value of 9-11) to fully polycondense them, and then washing and drying them to obtain the highly elastic and solvent-resistant nanofiber material.

[0072] In this embodiment, the cleaning process of step 4 is as follows: first, the residual alkali is neutralized with a weak acid solution, and then washed with water; the drying temperature is 60-80° C., and the drying time is 2-6 hours.

[0073] The present application is further described in detail below by way of examples. It should be understood that the examples do not constitute any limitation to the present application.

[0074] In the embodiments, the experimental methods used are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the equipment, materials and reagents used are all commercially available unless otherwise specified. According to GB / T 5453-1997, the air permeability of the fabric was measured using a YG461E fabric air permeability tester. The test sample size was (100×100) mm2, and the test pressure difference was 100 Pa. The electrospun fiber membrane was immersed in the original spinning solvent, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, butanone, cyclohexanone, acetone, ethyl acetate, toluene, and xylene for 30 minutes to test its solvent resistance. The fiber membrane was placed in an oven at a specific temperature for 30 minutes to test its temperature resistance.

[0075] See also Figures 2 to 4 , specific embodiment 1

[0076] A solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:

[0077] Step 1: 48.8 g of isophorone diisocyanate and 200 g of polyoxypropylene glycol (M=2000) were reacted at 80°C for 30 min to prepare an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer. 50 g of acetone, 9 g of 1,4-butanediol, and 0.02 g of an organobismuth catalyst were then added for chain extension to obtain an isocyanate-terminated polyurethane. 4.42 g of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added in an ice bath at 5°C and reacted for 20 min to obtain a highly functional linear triethoxysilyl-terminated polyurethane. This was used as a spinning polymer.

[0078] Step 2: Add 0.5 g of 1% chloroplatinic acid isopropanol solution and 0.002 g of dibutyltin dilaurate and the balance of N,N-dimethylformamide to 100 g to prepare a 15% mass fraction of triethoxysilyl polyurethane solution, stir thoroughly for 30 minutes under sealed conditions, and use it as the electrospinning solution.

[0079] Step 3: Under high humidity conditions, a water vapor-assisted electrospinning process was used, with a copper plate as a receiving plate, a spinning voltage of 30 kV, a receiving distance of 20 cm, and a spinning solution supply rate of 5 mL / h for electrospinning.

[0080] Step 4: The bulk polyurethane polymer nanofibers were treated in 5% ammonia for 1 hour to fully condense. The residual alkali was then neutralized with a 1% glacial acetic acid solution and then washed with water. The drying temperature was set at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain the highly elastic and solvent-resistant nanofiber material. This fiber membrane had a thickness of approximately 20 μm, an elastic recovery rate of 550%, was insoluble in solvents, had a temperature resistance of >180°C, and an air permeability of >25 mm / s at a test pressure differential of 100 Pa. Specific embodiment 2

[0082] A solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:

[0083] Step 1: 55 g of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate and 200 g of polytetrahydrofuran alcohol (M=2000) were reacted at 70°C for 30 min to prepare an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer. 30 g of acetone, 20 g of N,N-dimethylformamide, 6.2 g of ethylene glycol, and 0.02 g of an organotin catalyst were then added for chain extension to obtain an isocyanate-terminated polyurethane. 5.29 g of N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added in an ice bath at 5°C and reacted for 20 min to obtain a highly functional linear triethoxysilyl-terminated polyurethane. This was used as a spinning polymer.

[0084] Step 2: Add 0.6 g of 1% chloroplatinic acid isopropanol solution and 0.0024 g of dibutyltin dilaurate and the balance of N,N-dimethylacetamide to 100 g to prepare a triethoxysilyl-terminated polyurethane solution with a mass fraction of 18%, and stir it thoroughly for 35 minutes under sealed conditions to use as the electrospinning solution.

[0085] Step 3: Under high humidity conditions, a water vapor-assisted electrospinning process was used, with a copper plate as a receiving plate, a spinning voltage of 35 kV, a receiving distance of 20 cm, and a spinning solution supply rate of 4 mL / h for electrospinning.

[0086] Step 4: The bulk polyurethane polymer nanofibers were treated in a 1% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for 1 hour to fully condense. The residual alkali was then neutralized with a 1% glacial acetic acid solution and then washed with water. The drying temperature was set at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain the highly elastic and solvent-resistant nanofiber material. This fiber membrane had a thickness of approximately 30 μm, an elastic recovery rate of 600%, was insoluble in solvents, had a temperature resistance of >180°C, and exhibited an air permeability of >20 mm / s at a test pressure differential of 100 Pa.

[0087] The terminal alkoxysilane polyurethane of the present application is made into extremely fine nanofibers through electrospinning, which has strong flexibility. It can be said that the material with such performance can only be finally obtained by combining the synthesis method and electrospinning.

[0088] The terminal alkoxysilane of the present application self-polymerizes during the electrospinning process, and the inorganic structure finally formed is completely provided by the terminal alkoxysilane. The inorganic structure and the organic structure are completely combined in a covalent bond manner, forming a uniform organic-inorganic polymer.

[0089] In addition, it is obvious that the word "comprising" does not exclude other units or steps. Multiple units, modules or devices recited in the device claims can also be implemented by one unit or the entire device through software or hardware.

[0090] Although the present invention has been described in detail above using general descriptions and specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements may be made based on the present invention. Therefore, such modifications and improvements, which do not depart from the spirit of the present invention, are intended to be within the scope of protection claimed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material, characterized in that: The method for preparing the solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material comprises: A prepolymer having an isocyanate terminal group is prepared from diisocyanate and polyol; adding a solvent, a small molecule diol and a polyurethane catalyst to the prepolymer for chain extension to obtain an isocyanate-terminated polyurethane; Adding aminoalkoxysilane to isocyanate-terminated polyurethane under low temperature conditions to obtain linear alkoxysilyl-terminated polyurethane; the low temperature conditions are 0°C-10°C; The prepared linear alkoxy-terminated silyl polyurethane was added to an isopropyl alcohol solution of chloroplatinic acid, dibutyltin dilaurate and the remaining solvent, and stirred thoroughly under sealed conditions to prepare an electrospinning solution; The water vapor assisted electrospinning process is used to make the electrospinning solution undergo hydrolysis-polycondensation reaction to prepare linear polyurethane polymer into three-dimensional polyurethane polymer nanofibers; The method of using a steam-assisted electrospinning process to subject an electrospinning solution to a hydrolysis-polycondensation reaction to prepare a linear polyurethane polymer into a three-dimensional polyurethane polymer nanofiber comprises: The electrospinning solution is extruded from a nozzle and a voltage is applied to form a spinning jet; The spinning jet passes through a spinning area with a preset water vapor concentration, where it undergoes step-by-step hydrolysis and polycondensation from the outside to the inside under the action of high-voltage static electricity, water vapor, and dibutyltin dilaurate, thereby obtaining three-dimensional polyurethane nanofibers. The spinning process parameters are as follows: voltage of 10-80 kV, receiving distance of 5-40 cm, perfusion rate of 0.05-10 mL / h, and spinning temperature of 10-35 °C.

2. The method for preparing the solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material according to claim 1, wherein: The diisocyanate is a combination of one or more of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and lysine diisocyanate (LDI); The polyol is one or more of polycaprolactone, polyethylene adipate diol, polytetramethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol, polybutylene adipate diol, and polyethylene glycol; The small molecule diol is a combination of one or more of ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol; the aminoalkoxysilane is a combination of one or more of N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane; The polyurethane catalyst is a combination of one or more organotin or organobismuth catalysts; the solvent is a combination of one or more of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, butanone, cyclohexanone, acetone, ethyl acetate, toluene, and xylene, and the moisture content of the solvent is ensured to be no more than 0.1%.

3. The method for preparing the solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material according to claim 2, wherein: The mass fraction of the high molecular weight polymer in the electrospinning solution is 5-30%, the mass fraction of chloroplatinic acid is 0.05-0.2%, and the added amount of dibutyltin dilaurate is 0.005-0.1%.

4. The method for preparing the solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material according to claim 3, wherein: The fully stirring under sealed conditions comprises: The stirring conditions are sealed stirring to prevent water vapor from entering, stirring time is 0.5-2 h, stirring rate is 50-500 rpm, and stirring temperature is 20-35°C.

5. The method for preparing the solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material according to claim 4, wherein: The spinning area with the preset water vapor concentration is a spinning area with a gradually changing water vapor concentration, wherein the water vapor concentration in the spinning area gradually decreases.

6. The method for preparing the solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material according to claim 5, wherein: The electrospinning voltage is 10-50 kV, the receiving distance is 5-50 cm, the supply speed of the spinning solution is 0.2-15 mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained fiber membrane is 5-50 μm.

7. A solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material, characterized in that: The solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material is prepared by the solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material preparation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, and the solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material is a bulk polyurethane polymer containing an inorganic cross-linked structure of Si-O-Si structure and elastic chain segments.

8. An application of the solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The solvent-resistant high-elastic nanofiber material is used alone or in combination with a base material to be used as a protective clothing material or a filtering barrier material.

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