Vehicle window assembly and vehicle

Abstract

This application provides a vehicle window assembly and a vehicle. The vehicle window assembly includes a window glass and an optical device. The window glass includes an outer glass layer, an adhesive layer, and an inner glass layer. The inner glass layer has a first opening. The optical device is disposed on the side of the inner glass layer opposite to the adhesive layer. The field of view of the optical device forms an optical window in the window glass. The optical window is located within the first opening. The absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window is less than or equal to 60 mdpt, which is much lower than the 200 mdpt requirement of related technologies. Furthermore, it ensures that the horizontal refractive power of the optical window is not affected by the inner glass layer, thereby improving the detection quality of the optical device, especially meeting the refractive power requirements of cameras with high precision and narrow horizontal field of view.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, specifically to a window assembly and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] For vehicles equipped with forward-facing cameras, the cameras need to obtain a real-time view through the windshield. Therefore, the refractive power of the optical transmission area in the windshield used by the camera to obtain the vehicle's external view needs to meet corresponding requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a window assembly and vehicle with low diopter, which is beneficial to improving image quality.

[0004] On one hand, this application provides a vehicle window assembly, including:

[0005] A vehicle window glass, comprising an outer glass layer, an adhesive layer, and an inner glass layer stacked sequentially, wherein the outer glass layer has a first surface and a second surface, the inner glass layer has a third surface and a fourth surface, the adhesive layer connects the second surface and the third surface, and the inner glass layer has a first opening penetrating the third surface and the fourth surface; and

[0006] Optical device, the optical device being disposed on the side of the inner glass layer opposite to the adhesive layer;

[0007] Wherein, the field of view of the optical device in the vertical direction is β, the angle between the central axis of the optical device and the target axis of the second surface is α, the dimension of the first opening portion extending along the target axis is a, the field of view area of ​​the optical device forms an optical window in the vehicle window glass, the optical window is located within the first opening portion, and the dimension of the optical window extending along the target axis is b; the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window is less than or equal to 60 mdpt. ; K1 is a constant and K1 = 12 to 18.

[0008] In one possible embodiment, α is greater than or equal to 20° and less than or equal to 45°; β is greater than or equal to 17° and less than or equal to 65°.

[0009] In one possible embodiment, the optical device has a field of view of γ in the horizontal direction; the first opening has a dimension of m in the horizontal direction, and the optical window has a dimension of n on the second surface and in the horizontal direction, where m ≥ n + 10; K2 is a constant and K2 = 24 to 36, and the absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical window is less than or equal to 60 mdpt.

[0010] In one possible embodiment, the γ is greater than or equal to 28° and less than or equal to 120°.

[0011] In one possible embodiment, the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window is less than or equal to 50 mdpt, and the horizontal square range of the optical window is less than or equal to 50 mdpt.

[0012] In one possible embodiment, the absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical window is less than or equal to 50 mdpt, and the vertical block range of the optical window is less than or equal to 50 mdpt.

[0013] In one possible embodiment, the distance between the optical device and the window glass is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0014] In one possible embodiment, the adhesive layer has a second opening that communicates with the first opening and the optical window is located within the second opening.

[0015] In one possible embodiment, the vehicle window glass further includes a first shielding layer disposed on the second surface, the first shielding layer having a third opening portion, the third opening portion communicating with the second opening portion and the optical window located within the third opening portion.

[0016] In one possible embodiment, the area of ​​the optical window is smaller than the area of ​​the third opening, the area of ​​the third opening is smaller than or equal to the area of ​​the first opening, and the area of ​​the second opening is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the first opening.

[0017] In one possible embodiment, the window glass further includes an anti-reflection layer disposed on the second surface, the anti-reflection layer being located within the third opening and covering the optical window, the anti-reflection layer being used to reduce the reflectivity of the outer glass layer to the light emitted and / or received by the optical device.

[0018] In one possible embodiment, the window glass further includes an electric heating element disposed on the second surface, the electric heating element being located within the third opening and covering at least a portion of the optical window.

[0019] In one possible embodiment, the window glass further includes a second shielding layer disposed on the fourth surface.

[0020] In one possible embodiment, the window glass further includes a heat insulation layer disposed outside the optical window, the heat insulation layer comprising at least one metallic silver layer, a silver alloy layer, or a transparent conductive oxide layer.

[0021] In one possible embodiment, the outer glass layer is transparent glass or ultra-transparent glass, and the inner glass layer is transparent glass or colored glass;

[0022] The total iron content of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.08%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is greater than or equal to 80%; the total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%; the total iron content of the tinted glass is greater than or equal to 0.1%, and the visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is greater than 70%.

[0023] In one possible embodiment, the optical window has a first transmittance TL1 for visible light with wavelengths in the range of 440nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 0 to 70°, and the optical window has a transmittance TL2 for visible light with wavelengths in the range of 600nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 0 to 70°, TL1≥50%, and the ratio of TL2 to TL1 TL2 / TL1≥0.8.

[0024] On the other hand, this application also provides a vehicle including the aforementioned window assembly, wherein the first surface faces the exterior of the vehicle and the fourth surface faces the interior of the vehicle.

[0025] In one possible embodiment, the optical device is a visible light camera with a pixel count of 2 million or more, and the MTF value of the optical device at 1 / 2 Nyquist frequency is greater than or equal to 0.6.

[0026] The window assembly provided in this application ensures that the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window is less than or equal to 60 mdpt, which is far less than the 200 mdpt requirement of related technologies. Furthermore, it ensures that the horizontal refractive power of the optical window is not affected by the inner glass layer, thereby improving the detection quality of optical devices, especially meeting the refractive power requirements of high-precision cameras with narrow horizontal field of view. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the vertical cross-section of a window assembly provided in the first embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of the window assembly shown;

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 2 The diagram shows a horizontal cross-section of the window assembly.

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 2 The enlarged schematic diagram shows that the first opening is trapezoidal in shape;

[0033] Figure 6 for Figure 2 The first opening shown is a circular shape, as illustrated in the enlarged schematic diagram.

[0034] Figure 7 for Figure 2 The enlarged schematic diagram shows that the first opening is elliptical in shape;

[0035] Figure 8 for Figure 2 The first opening shown is an enlarged schematic diagram with a rectangular shape;

[0036] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the vertical cross-section of a window assembly provided for the second embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 10 A frontal view of the vehicle window glass as seen from inside the vehicle to outside, provided for the second embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 11 for Figure 10 A magnified view of a portion of the vehicle window glass;

[0039] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the vertical cross-section of a window assembly provided in the third embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the vertical cross-section of a window assembly provided in the fourth embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions provided in this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described in this application are only a part of the embodiments, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments described in this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0042] In this application, the terms "embodiment" or "implementation" mean that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or implementation can be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment to other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments.

[0043] The terms “first,” “second,” etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a particular order; the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application. The vehicle 1000 can be a sedan, bus, truck, tractor, special transport vehicle, or special vehicle, etc. In this embodiment, a sedan is used as an example. The vehicle 1000 includes a window assembly 100. Of course, the vehicle 1000 may also include wheels, a chassis, an engine, etc.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a window assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of this application. The window assembly 100 includes a window glass 10 and an optical device 20. Light emitted and / or received by the optical device 20 passes through the window glass 10 to collect environmental data outside the vehicle.

[0046] Optionally, the vehicle window glass 10 is a windshield. Of course, in other possible embodiments, the vehicle window glass 10 can also be a rear windshield, side window, etc. The vehicle window glass 10 includes an outer glass layer 101, an adhesive layer 103, and an inner glass layer 102 stacked sequentially. The outer glass layer 101 has a first surface 110 and a second surface 112. The inner glass layer 102 has a third surface 121 and a fourth surface 122. The adhesive layer 103 connects the second surface 112 and the third surface 121. The first surface 110 faces the outside of the vehicle 1000, the second surface 112 and the third surface 121 both face the adhesive layer 103, and the fourth surface 122 faces the inside of the vehicle 1000. The second surface 112 of the outer glass layer 101 and the third surface 121 of the inner glass layer 102 are connected together by the adhesive layer 103.

[0047] This application does not specifically limit the thickness, material, adhesive layer 103, inner glass layer 102, or the thickness of the outer glass layer 101. For example, the thickness of the outer glass layer 101 can be greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm. The material of the outer glass layer 101 can include at least one of soda-lime glass, high-alumina glass, lithium aluminum glass, and borosilicate glass. The adhesive layer 103 can be made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), or ionomer polymer film (SGP), etc. The thickness of the inner glass layer 102 can be greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm. The material of the inner glass layer 102 can include at least one of soda-lime glass, high-alumina glass, lithium aluminum glass, and borosilicate glass. The thickness of the outer glass layer 101 and the inner glass layer 102 can be the same or different, but preferably the thickness of the outer glass layer 101 is greater than the thickness of the inner glass layer 102. The material of the outer glass layer 101 and the inner glass layer 102 can be the same or different.

[0048] In one possible implementation, the outer glass layer 101 can have a thickness of 2.1 mm, and the inner glass layer 102 can have a thickness of 1.6 mm. In another possible implementation, the outer glass layer 101 can have a thickness of 5 mm, and the inner glass layer 102 can have a thickness of 0.7 mm. By making the thickness of the outer glass layer 101 greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm, and the outer glass layer 101 comprising at least one of silicate glass, high-alumina glass, and borosilicate glass, and the thickness of the inner glass layer 102 greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm, and the inner glass layer 102 comprising at least one of silicate glass, high-alumina glass, and borosilicate glass, the strength and lightweight of the vehicle window glass 10 can be guaranteed.

[0049] The inner glass layer 102 has a first opening 120 penetrating the third surface 121 and the fourth surface 122. It is understood that the first opening 120 is a through-hole in the inner glass layer 102. The optical device 20 collects environmental data outside the vehicle through an optical window within the first opening 120. The optical device 20 is typically positioned near the roof to facilitate obtaining a larger field of view; preferably, the first opening 120 is located near the top edge of the inner glass layer 102. To ensure the overall strength of the window glass 10 for better protection of passengers, the area of ​​the first opening 120 is S1, and the area of ​​the window glass 10 is S. Preferably, S1 and S satisfy: 0.0004 ≤ S1 / S ≤ 0.15. This also meets the minimum field of view (FOV) requirement for the optical device 20 to acquire environmental data outside the vehicle and reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the window glass 10. Alternatively, S1 and S can also satisfy: 0.0005≤S1 / S≤0.1, or 0.001≤S1 / S≤0.008.

[0050] In one possible implementation, by correspondingly increasing the thickness of the outer glass layer 101, the thickness of the outer glass layer 101 is 0.5 mm to 4.3 mm greater than the thickness of the inner glass layer 102. For example, the thickness of the outer glass layer 101 is 2.1 mm and the thickness of the inner glass layer 102 is 1.6 mm; another example is that the thickness of the outer glass layer 101 is 3.0 mm and the thickness of the inner glass layer 102 is 1.1 mm; yet another example is that the thickness of the outer glass layer 101 is 3.5 mm and the thickness of the inner glass layer 102 is 0.7 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the outer glass layer 101 is 1 mm to 3 mm greater than the thickness of the inner glass layer 102. This increases the thickness of the area corresponding to the first opening portion 120 of the outer glass layer 101, reduces the risk of stress concentration at the contour boundary of the first opening portion 120 during use of the vehicle window glass 10, and improves the overall mechanical properties and structural strength of the vehicle window glass 10.

[0051] The optical element 20 is disposed on the side of the inner glass layer 102 facing away from the adhesive layer 103. It is understood that the optical element 20 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000. The optical element 20 can be fixed to the surface of the inner glass layer 102 facing away from the adhesive layer 103 by means of a bracket, or it can be fixed to the roof crossbeam by means of a bracket. The imaging direction of the optical element 20 is towards the first opening 120.

[0052] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 for Figure 2 The diagram shows a partially enlarged view of the window assembly 100. The field of view of the optical device 20 in the vertical direction is β. The field of view of the optical device 20 in the vertical direction is the field of view of the vertical section of the optical device 20. The vertical direction can be referred to in the attached diagram. Figure 3The Y-axis direction is shown. The angle between the central axis of the optical device 20 and the target axis of the second surface 112 is α. In this application, the central axis of the optical device 20 can be understood as the optical axis of the optical device 20. The central axis of the optical device 20 can be referred to in the appendix. Figure 3 The M-axis is shown. The target axis of the second surface 112 is the extension line of the second surface 112 in the vertical cross-sectional view of the window assembly 100. The target axis of the second surface 112 can be referred to in the appendix. Figure 3 The N-axis is shown. The target axis of the second surface 112 can also be understood as the line connecting the bottom and top of the second surface 112. The dimension of the first opening 120 along the extension direction of the target axis is a. The field of view of the optical device 20 forms an optical window 210 on the window glass 10. The optical window 210 is located within the first opening 120. The dimension of the optical window 210 along the extension direction of the target axis is b. The absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window 210 is less than or equal to 60 mdpt, which is much smaller than the requirement of 200 mdpt for the refractive power of related technologies.

[0053] in, , That is, in the direction of extension along the target axis, the difference between the size of the first opening 120 and the size of the optical window 210 is greater than or equal to 10mm, which ensures that the vertical refractive power of the optical window 210 is not affected by the inner glass layer 102, thereby improving the detection quality of the optical device 20 and meeting the refractive power requirements of a high-precision camera with a narrow field of view.

[0054] In this application, K1 is a constant and K1 = 12 to 18. Optionally, K1 can be one of 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18. The units of a and b are both millimeters (mm).

[0055] Optionally, α is greater than or equal to 20° and less than or equal to 45°. β is greater than or equal to 17° and less than or equal to 65°. For example, α can be one of 20°, 24°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 42°, 45°, etc. β can be one of 17°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 65°, etc. By making α greater than or equal to 20° and less than or equal to 45°, and β greater than or equal to 17° and less than or equal to 65°, a high-precision, narrow field-of-view camera can be used while ensuring that the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window 210 is less than or equal to 60 mdpt.

[0056] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal cross-section of the window assembly 100. The field of view of the optical device 20 in the horizontal direction is γ. The field of view of the optical device 20 in the horizontal direction is the field of view of the horizontal cross-section of the optical device 20. The horizontal direction can be referred to in the attached diagram. Figure 4 The X-axis direction is shown. It can be understood that the horizontal direction is orthogonal to the vertical direction. The first opening 120 has a horizontal dimension of m. The optical window 210 has a horizontal dimension of n on the second surface 112. The absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical window is less than or equal to 60 mdpt, which is far less than the requirement of 200 mdpt in related technologies.

[0057] in, ; That is, in the horizontal direction, the difference between the size of the first opening 120 and the size of the optical window 210 is greater than or equal to 10mm, which ensures that the horizontal refractive power of the optical window 210 is not affected by the inner glass layer 102, thereby improving the detection quality of the optical device 20 and meeting the refractive power requirements of high-precision cameras with narrow field of view.

[0058] In this application, K2 is a constant and K2 = 24 to 36. Optionally, K2 can be one of 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36. The units of m and n are both millimeters (mm).

[0059] Optionally, γ is greater than or equal to 28° and less than or equal to 120°. For example, γ can be one of 28°, 40°, 65°, 74°, 89°, 97°, 120°, etc. By making γ greater than or equal to 28° and less than or equal to 120°, a high-precision, narrow field-of-view camera can be used while ensuring that the absolute value of the vertical diopter of the optical window 210 is less than or equal to 60 mdpt.

[0060] In one possible embodiment, the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window 210 is less than or equal to 50 mdpt, and the horizontal block range of the optical window is less than or equal to 50 mdpt. Optionally, the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window 210 may be less than or equal to 38 mdpt, and the horizontal block range of the optical window may be less than or equal to 37 mdpt. Here, the horizontal refractive power of the optical window 210 refers to the refractive power of the optical window 210 along the horizontal direction. The horizontal block range of the optical window 210 is calculated by dividing the optical window 210 into several blocks, detecting the maximum and minimum refractive power of each block in the horizontal direction, calculating the difference between the maximum and minimum refractive power as the range value of each block, and the maximum value among all the block range values ​​is the horizontal block range value of the optical window 210.

[0061] In one possible embodiment, the absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical window 210 is less than or equal to 50 mdpt, and the vertical block range of the optical window 210 is also less than or equal to 50 mdpt. Optionally, the absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical window 210 may be less than or equal to 30 mdpt, and the vertical block range of the optical window 210 may be less than or equal to 50 mdpt. Here, the vertical refractive power of the optical window 210 refers to the refractive power of the optical window along the extension direction of the target axis. The vertical block range of the optical window 210 is calculated by dividing the optical window into several blocks, detecting the maximum and minimum refractive powers of each block along the extension direction of the target axis, calculating the difference between the maximum and minimum refractive powers as the range value of each block, and the maximum value among all the block range values ​​is the vertical block range value of the optical window 210.

[0062] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the distance between the optical device 20 and the window glass 10 is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm. The distance between the optical device 20 and the window glass 10 is the minimum gap between the optical device 20 and the fourth surface 122 of the inner glass layer 102; for details, please refer to the attached diagram. Figure 3 The c-dimensional value in the text.

[0063] This embodiment ensures that the distance c between the optical device 20 and the window glass 10 is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm. Specific examples include 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, 3.5 mm, 4 mm, 4.5 mm, and 5 mm. This approach ensures that the optical device 20 and the window glass 10 are as close as possible while also facilitating the placement and size of the first opening 120. In this application, constants K1 and K2 can be determined based on the distance c between the optical device 20 and the window glass 10. For example, when the distance c is 2 mm, constant K1 is 12 and constant K2 is 24; or, when the distance c is 5 mm, constant K1 is 18 and constant K2 is 36. When the distance c is greater than 2 mm and less than 5 mm, K1 can be a value greater than 12 and less than 18, and K2 can be a value greater than 24 and less than 36, depending on the actual design.

[0064] Please refer to Figures 5 to 8 The shape of the first opening 120 can be one of trapezoidal, circular, elliptical, square, or rectangular. The area enclosed by the dotted line within the first opening 120 is the optical window 210 formed by the field of view of the optical device 20 in the car window glass 10. Figure 5 As shown, the first opening 120 is trapezoidal in shape. Figure 6 As shown, the first opening 120 is circular in shape. Figure 7 As shown, the first opening 120 is elliptical in shape. Figure 8 As shown, the first opening 120 is rectangular in shape.

[0065] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The adhesive layer 103 has a second opening 130. The second opening 130 is connected to the first opening 120 and the optical window 210 is located inside the second opening 130.

[0066] In one possible embodiment, the dimension of the second opening 130 along the extension direction of the target axis can be greater than or equal to a, and / or the dimension of the second opening 130 along the horizontal direction can be greater than or equal to m. In other words, the area of ​​the second opening 130 can be greater than or equal to the area of ​​the first opening 120.

[0067] In this embodiment, by providing a second opening 130 in the adhesive layer 103, with the second opening 130 connected to the first opening 120 and the optical window located within the second opening 130, the softening and deformation of the adhesive layer 103 during the production process of the vehicle window glass 10 due to heating, pressurization, and other processes can be avoided from affecting the optical quality of the optical window 210, thus ensuring that the absolute values ​​of the horizontal and vertical refractive power of the optical window 210 are both small.

[0068] Further, please refer to Figures 9 to 11 , Figure 9 This is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a vehicle window assembly provided for a second embodiment of this application. The vehicle window glass 10 also includes a first shielding layer 104 disposed on the second surface 112. The first shielding layer 104 has a third opening 140. The third opening 140 communicates with the second opening 130 and the optical window 210 is located within the third opening 140.

[0069] Specifically, the outer glass layer 101, the first shielding layer 104, the adhesive layer 103, and the inner glass layer 102 are stacked sequentially. The third opening 140 of the first shielding layer 104 is connected to the first opening 120 of the inner glass layer 102 and the second opening 130 of the adhesive layer 103. The first shielding layer 104 can be used to shield components inside the vehicle, ensuring a consistent color around the window glass 10, improving the overall appearance, blocking solar radiation, preventing aging of interior components, and improving product stability and lifespan. The material of the first shielding layer 104 is preferably at least one of black ceramic ink, brown ceramic ink, black ultraviolet ink, and brown ultraviolet ink, and can be formed by screen printing, inkjet printing, etc. The thickness of the first shielding layer 104 is in the micrometer range, for example, 5 to 40 micrometers.

[0070] exist Figure 10 and Figure 11In this design, the first shielding layer 104 surrounds the four edges of the second surface 112 and extends a T-shaped shielding area from the top center to the center of the second surface 112. This is because the optical device 20 is usually integrated at the top center of the window glass 10. To meet the requirements of vehicle appearance and component layout, these components can be shielded by the T-shaped shielding area of ​​the first shielding layer 104. In order to allow the optical device 20 to collect external environmental data of the vehicle through the first opening 120 and the second opening 130, the T-shaped shielding area of ​​the first shielding layer 104 is provided with a third opening 140. That is, the first shielding layer 104 is not covered in the third opening 140, and the optical window 210 is located in the third opening 140.

[0071] In some embodiments, the dimension of the third opening 140 along the extension direction of the target axis is greater than or equal to b and less than or equal to a, and / or the dimension of the third opening 140 along the horizontal direction is greater than or equal to n and less than or equal to m. In other words, the area of ​​the third opening 140 can be greater than or equal to the area of ​​the optical window 210. Typically, the area of ​​the third opening 140 is slightly larger than the area of ​​the optical window 210. This avoids both insufficient area of ​​the third opening 140 leading to a reduced field of view and excessive area of ​​the third opening 140 leading to excessive stray light entering the optical device 20 and causing poor image quality. Preferably, the contour of the third opening 140 is 1 to 20 mm larger than the contour of the optical window 210. Specific examples include 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, etc., preferably 1 to 10 mm. Furthermore, the area of ​​the third opening 140 is less than or equal to the area of ​​the first opening 120 to achieve a better shielding effect. Figure 10 and Figure 11 In the first shielding layer 104, there is an extension 1041 extending into the first opening portion 120, so that the area of ​​the third opening portion 140 is smaller than the area of ​​the first opening portion 120. The extension 1041 can be continuous printing ink or stippled ink spaced apart from each other, preferably stippled ink spaced apart from each other, which can further improve the optical quality of the optical window 210.

[0072] Further, please refer to Figure 12 , Figure 12This is a vertical cross-sectional view of the window assembly provided in the third embodiment of this application; the window glass 10 also includes a second shielding layer 105 disposed on the fourth surface 122. The first opening 120 penetrates the second shielding layer 105. The second shielding layer 105 may be disposed only at the top center of the fourth surface 122 and have the same shape as the T-shaped shielding area of ​​the first shielding layer 104, or it may be disposed around the four edges of the fourth surface 122 and extend from the top center to the center of the fourth surface 122 in a T-shaped shielding area. Specifically, the outer glass layer 101, the first shielding layer 104, the adhesive layer 103, the inner glass layer 102, and the second shielding layer 105 are stacked sequentially. The material of the second shielding layer 105 is preferably at least one of black ceramic ink, brown ceramic ink, black ultraviolet ink, and brown ultraviolet ink, and can be formed by screen printing, inkjet printing, etc. The thickness of the first shielding layer 104 is in the micrometer range, for example, 5 to 40 micrometers.

[0073] Prepare two pieces of 2.1mm thick silicate glass. According to the bending process of automotive glass, such as self-weight bending or pressing bending, bend each piece of silicate glass into shape. Then, combine the two bent silicate glass pieces with a 0.76mm PVB piece, perform initial pressing, and high-pressure processing to form the car window glass of Comparative Examples 1-15. Measure and calculate the measured data of the horizontal refractive power, horizontal square range, vertical refractive power, and vertical square range of the optical window of Comparative Examples 1-15. Record the measurement results in Table 1.

[0074] Table 1: Measurement results of vehicle window glass in Comparative Examples 1-15

[0075]

[0076] Prepare two pieces of 2.1mm thick silicate glass, one of which has a first opening 120. According to the bending process of automotive glass, such as self-weight bending or pressing bending, each piece of silicate glass is bent into shape. Then, the two bent silicate glass pieces and a 0.76mm PVB are laminated, pre-pressed, and high-pressure treated to form the car window glass of Examples 1-15. The silicate glass with the first opening 120 forms the inner glass layer 102, and the other piece of silicate glass forms the outer glass layer 101. The measured data of the horizontal refractive power, the horizontal square range of the optical window, the vertical refractive power, and the vertical square range of the optical window of Examples 1-15 are measured and calculated, and the measurement results are recorded in Table 2.

[0077] Table 2: Measurement results of vehicle window glass in Examples 1-15

[0078]

[0079] The data in Tables 1 and 2 were obtained using the ISRA VISION LABSCAN-SCREEN system. Horizontal refractive power was measured using a filter parameter of 3 / 2 / 1 30 / 5 / 5 and a detection angle of 24.5° to determine the maximum refractive power of the optical window in the horizontal direction. The horizontal block range was calculated by dividing the optical window into several 15mm*15mm blocks, measuring the maximum and minimum refractive power of each block in the horizontal direction using a filter parameter of 3 / 2 / 1 30 / 5 / 5 and a detection angle of 24.5°, and calculating the difference between the maximum and minimum refractive power as the range value for each block. The maximum value among all block range values ​​was taken as the horizontal block range value. Vertical refractive power was measured using a filter parameter of 3 / 2 / 1 30 / 5 / 5 and a detection angle of 24.5° to determine the maximum refractive power of the optical window in the direction extending from the target axis. The vertical block range is calculated by dividing the optical window into several 15mm*15mm blocks. Using filter parameters of 3 / 2 / 1 30 / 5 / 5 and a detection angle of 24.5°, the maximum and minimum refractive powers of each block along the extension direction of the target axis are measured. The difference between the maximum and minimum refractive powers is calculated as the range value for each block. The maximum value among all block range values ​​is taken as the vertical block range value. In Tables 1 and 2, the signs of the horizontal and vertical refractive powers only indicate the direction of optical distortion; positive numbers indicate outward convexity, and negative numbers indicate inward concavity. The absolute values ​​of the horizontal and vertical refractive powers represent the degree of optical distortion; the larger the absolute value, the greater the degree of optical distortion.

[0080] As shown in Table 1, the absolute values ​​of the horizontal refractive power of the optical windows in Comparative Examples 1-15, which use traditional laminated glass, are all greater than 80 mdpt, and the horizontal square range is greater than 55 mdpt. Since the car windows are used as windshields, they are usually installed vertically to minimize visual distortion and fatigue for the driver. Therefore, the optical deformation of the optical window in the horizontal direction has the greatest impact on the image acquisition of the optical devices, resulting in greater distortion of the acquired image. As shown in Table 2, the car window glass 10 of this application used in Examples 1-15 can significantly reduce the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window to less than or equal to 60 mdpt, or even less than or equal to 50 mdpt, or even less than or equal to 40 mdpt. At the same time, it can also reduce the horizontal square range of the optical window to less than or equal to 50 mdpt, or even less than or equal to 40 mdpt, or even less than or equal to 30 mdpt, indicating that the optical deformation of the optical window in the horizontal direction is more uniform, so that the acquired image will not have local abnormal distortion.

[0081] Furthermore, as shown in Table 1, the absolute values ​​of the vertical refractive power of the optical windows in Comparative Examples 1-15, which use conventional laminated glass, are all greater than 25 mdpt, and the vertical square range values ​​are all greater than 30 mdpt. As shown in Table 2, the automotive window glass 10 of this application used in Examples 1-14 can reduce the absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical window to less than 25 mdpt, or even less than or equal to 20 mdpt. In some embodiments, the vertical square range value of the optical window can also be reduced to less than 30 mdpt, indicating that the optical deformation of the optical window is more uniform in the direction of extension of the target axis, preventing local abnormal distortion in the acquired image.

[0082] Furthermore, such as Figure 13 As shown, Figure 13 This is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the window assembly provided in the fourth embodiment of this application; the window glass 10 may further include an anti-reflection layer 106 disposed on the second surface 112. The anti-reflection layer 106 may be located within the third opening 140 and cover the optical window 210. The anti-reflection layer 106 is used to reduce the reflectivity of the outer glass layer 101 to the light emitted and / or received by the optical device 20, thereby improving the detection quality of the optical device 20.

[0083] Furthermore, the window glass 10 may also include an electric heating element disposed on the second surface 112. The electric heating element may include an electric heating wire, an electric heating plate, etc., such as a tungsten wire. The electric heating element may be located within the third opening 140 and cover at least a portion of the optical window 210. The electric heating element is used to heat the optical window 210, thereby achieving the effects of defogging and defrosting the optical window 210 and improving the detection quality of the optical device 20.

[0084] Furthermore, the window glass 10 may also include a heat insulation layer 107 disposed outside the optical window 210. The heat insulation layer may contain at least one metallic silver layer, a silver alloy layer, or a transparent conductive oxide layer. The heat insulation layer can be used to reflect infrared rays, and can even achieve electric heating by adding a busbar; the heat insulation layer can be directly deposited onto the second surface 112 or the third surface 121 by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (CVD), for example by magnetron sputtering deposition; and preferably, the heat insulation layer can withstand high-temperature heat treatment, such as the heat treatment process of bending or tempering. Specifically, the heat insulation layer may contain at least one metallic silver layer, a silver alloy layer, or a transparent conductive oxide layer, and the transparent conductive oxide layer may be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc dioxide (AZO), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), etc. The thermal insulation layer also comprises at least two dielectric layers, with each silver metal layer, silver alloy layer, or transparent conductive oxide layer located between the two dielectric layers. The material of the dielectric layer is selected from at least one oxide, nitride, or oxynitride selected from Zn, Ti, Si, Al, Sn, Se, Zr, Ni, In, Cr, W, Ca, Y, Nb, Cu, and Sm. For example, it can be zinc tin oxide (ZnSnOx), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), titanium oxide (TiOx), silicon zirconium nitride (SiZrN), silicon aluminum nitride (SiALN), silicon aluminum oxide (SiAlO), etc.

[0085] Optionally, the outer glass layer 101 is transparent glass or ultra-transparent glass. The inner glass layer 102 is transparent glass or tinted glass. Specifically, the transparent glass has a total iron content of less than or equal to 0.08% and a visible light transmittance of greater than or equal to 80%. The ultra-transparent glass has a total iron content of less than or equal to 0.015% and a visible light transmittance of greater than or equal to 91%. The tinted glass has a total iron content of greater than or equal to 0.1% and a visible light transmittance of greater than 70%.

[0086] Optionally, the optical device 20 can be used to collect external environmental data of the vehicle 1000. For example, the optical device 20 may include one of a visible light camera, a near-infrared camera, a thermal imager, a lidar, a gesture detection sensor, etc. The optical device 20 can better assist in realizing the intelligent and safety performance of the vehicle.

[0087] In one possible embodiment, the optical device 20 is a visible light camera with 2 megapixels or more. The visible light camera has an MTF value of 0.6 or more at 1 / 2 Nyquist frequency. The photosensitive chip of the visible light camera can be a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) or a charge-coupled device (CCD). The pixel count of the visible light camera can be 2 megapixels, 5 megapixels, 8 megapixels, etc. The size of the photosensitive chip of the visible light camera can be 2 / 3'' (8.8mm*6.6mm), 1 / 1.7'' (7.4mm*5.6mm), 1 / 1.8'' (7.2mm*5.3mm), etc., with a larger photosensitive chip preferred to receive more light signals. The lens parameters of the visible light camera, such as focal length, aperture number, and angle of view, meet the requirements of the usage scenario. The maximum optical distortion of the visible light camera lens is less than 3%, and the modulation transfer function (MTF) value of the visible light camera at 1 / 2 Nyquist frequency is greater than or equal to 0.6, thus meeting the requirements for high-definition image acquisition.

[0088] To further meet the needs of high-definition image acquisition, especially the image acquisition needs of visible light cameras with a pixel count of 5 million or even 8 million, the optical window 210 preferably has a first transmittance TL1 for visible light with a wavelength of 440nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 0 to 70°, where TL1 ≥ 50%. Specific examples include TL1 = 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, and even TL1 ≥ 70%. Furthermore, the optical window 210 has a transmittance TL2 for visible light with wavelengths between 600nm and 700nm incident at an incident angle of 0 to 70°, and the ratio of TL2 to TL1 is TL2 / TL1≥0.8. The ratio of TL2 to TL1 is also commonly referred to as the red light ratio, and specific examples include TL2 / TL1=0.80, 0.81, 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86, 0.88, etc., preferably TL2 / TL1≥0.85.

[0089] The features mentioned above in the specification, claims, and drawings can be combined in any way as long as they are meaningful within the scope of this application. The advantages and features described for the window assembly 100 are applied accordingly to the vehicle 1000.

[0090] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application, and such improvements and refinements are also considered to be within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A vehicle window assembly, characterized in that, include: A vehicle window glass, comprising an outer glass layer, an adhesive layer and an inner glass layer stacked sequentially, wherein the outer glass layer has a first surface and a second surface, the inner glass layer has a third surface and a fourth surface, the adhesive layer connects the second surface and the third surface, and the inner glass layer has a first opening penetrating the third surface and the fourth surface; and Optical device, the optical device being disposed on the side of the inner glass layer opposite to the adhesive layer; Wherein, the field of view of the optical device in the vertical direction is β, the angle between the central axis of the optical device and the target axis of the second surface is α, the dimension of the first opening portion along the extension direction of the target axis is a, the target axis of the second surface is the extension line of the second surface in the vertical cross-sectional view of the window assembly, the field of view of the optical device forms an optical window in the window glass, the optical window is located in the first opening portion, and the dimension of the optical window along the extension direction of the target axis is b; ; K1 is a constant and K1 = 12 to 18, the Greater than or equal to 20° and less than or equal to 45°; the The angle is greater than or equal to 17° and less than or equal to 65°; the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window is less than or equal to 50 mdpt; the horizontal block range of the optical window is less than or equal to 50 mdpt; the horizontal block range of the optical window refers to dividing the optical window into several blocks, detecting the maximum and minimum refractive power of each block in the horizontal direction, and calculating the difference between the maximum and minimum refractive power as the range of each block.

2. The window assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical device has a field of view of γ in the horizontal direction; the first opening has a dimension of m in the horizontal direction; the optical window has a dimension of n on the second surface and in the horizontal direction, where m ≥ n + 10; K2 is a constant and K2 = 24 to 36, and the absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical window is less than or equal to 60 mdpt.

3. The window assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that, The γ is greater than or equal to 28° and less than or equal to 120°.

4. The window assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical window is less than or equal to 50 mdpt, and the vertical block range of the optical window is less than or equal to 50 mdpt. The vertical block range of the optical window refers to dividing the optical window into several blocks, detecting the maximum and minimum refractive power of each block in the extension direction of the target axis, and calculating the difference between the maximum and minimum refractive power as the range of each block.

5. The window assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the optical device and the window glass is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm.

6. The window assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adhesive layer has a second opening portion, which communicates with the first opening portion, and the optical window is located within the second opening portion.

7. The window assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that, The vehicle window glass also includes a first shielding layer disposed on the second surface. The first shielding layer has a third opening portion, which communicates with the second opening portion and the optical window is located within the third opening portion.

8. The window assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The area of ​​the optical window is smaller than the area of ​​the third opening, the area of ​​the third opening is smaller than or equal to the area of ​​the first opening, and the area of ​​the second opening is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the first opening.

9. The window assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The vehicle window glass also includes an anti-reflection layer disposed on the second surface. The anti-reflection layer is located inside the third opening and covers the optical window. The anti-reflection layer is used to reduce the reflectivity of the outer glass layer to the light emitted and / or received by the optical device.

10. The window assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The window glass also includes an electric heating element disposed on the second surface, the electric heating element being located within the third opening and covering at least a portion of the optical window.

11. The window assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The vehicle window glass also includes a second shielding layer disposed on the fourth surface.

12. The window assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The vehicle window glass also includes a heat insulation layer disposed outside the optical window, the heat insulation layer comprising at least one metallic silver layer, silver alloy layer or transparent conductive oxide layer.

13. The window assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The outer glass layer is transparent glass or ultra-transparent glass, and the inner glass layer is transparent glass or colored glass; The total iron content of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.08%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is greater than or equal to 80%; the total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%; the total iron content of the tinted glass is greater than or equal to 0.1%, and the visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is greater than 70%.

14. The window assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The optical window has a first transmittance TL1 for visible light with wavelengths in the range of 440nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 0 to 70°, and the optical window has a transmittance TL2 for visible light with wavelengths in the range of 600nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 0 to 70°. TL1≥50%, and the ratio of TL2 to TL1 is TL2 / TL1≥0.

8.

15. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes a window assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the first surface faces the exterior of the vehicle and the fourth surface faces the interior of the vehicle.

16. The vehicle according to claim 15, characterized in that, The optical device is a visible light camera with a pixel count of 2 million or more, and the visible light camera has an MTF value of 0.6 or more at 1 / 2 Nyquist frequency.

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