A steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate rolling forming method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of metal layered composite plate preparation, and particularly relates to a steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate rolling forming method, comprising the following steps: S1, blank preparation; S2, blank assembling; S3, heating: heating the steel / aluminum alloy blank assembled in step S2 in a protective atmosphere or a vacuum environment, the heating temperature being greater than 500 DEG C and less than the melting point of the heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate; S4, rolling; S5, micro-rolling reduction electric field auxiliary flattening; S6, pre-stress quenching treatment; and S7, aging treatment. The heating temperature of the blank assembled in the present application is greater than 500 DEG C and less than the melting point of the heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate, and this temperature interval can increase the difference in deformation resistance between the aluminum alloy and the steel, and reduce the bending of the steel matrix caused by the deformation of the aluminum alloy, so as to prepare a straight steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of metal layered composite plate preparation, and particularly relates to a rolling forming method of a steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate. BACKGROUND

[0002] Heat-treatable aluminum alloys can improve mechanical properties through heat treatment methods such as quenching and aging, including 2 series, 6 series and 7 series aluminum alloys. Such aluminum alloys have high strength, and have the performance advantages of light weight, corrosion resistance and the like, and are widely used in the fields of construction, transportation, electronics, aviation, aerospace, weapons and the like, and have achieved good economic benefits. With the rapid development of various industries, single heat-treatable aluminum alloys cannot meet people's demand for the comprehensive performance of materials, and layered metal composite plates with heat-treatable aluminum alloys as components have emerged as the times require. Among them, the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate prepared by taking heat-treatable aluminum alloys and steel as base materials has excellent performance of both heat-treatable aluminum alloys and steel, and has a broad application prospect in the fields of aerospace, rail transportation, ships, new energy vehicles and the like.

[0003] At present, the preparation methods of the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate mainly include explosion compounding, casting-rolling compounding, brazing compounding and rolling compounding. The explosion compounding method cannot realize direct high-strength explosion compounding of steel and aluminum alloy due to process reasons, and needs to add pure aluminum or the like in the middle; the brazing compounding method has application in the preparation of thick steel / aluminum composite plates, but when the steel-aluminum contact surface is large, the molten filler cannot completely fill the gap of the welded plate, resulting in defects in the interface and low bonding strength; the casting-rolling compounding method for preparing the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate is currently mainly concentrated in less than 5 mm, and the aluminum is usually industrial pure aluminum, 3 series or 4 series aluminum alloy; compared with the above-mentioned processes, the rolling compounding method has the advantages of high plate size precision, uniform layer thickness ratio, multiple product specifications, good bonding performance, uniform interface performance and continuous production, and has become the main trend of the preparation of the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate. The rolling compounding method is usually divided into cold rolling compounding and hot rolling compounding. When the cold rolling compounding method is used to prepare the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate, a large reduction is needed to realize effective bonding of the interface, and the cold rolling compounding method does not have advantages considering the strength and plasticity of the 2 series, 6 series and 7 series aluminum alloys. The hot rolling compounding method can realize the preparation of the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate with small reduction, but the strengthening phase of the heat-treatable aluminum alloy is destroyed due to the need to heat the component metals, and the aluminum matrix of the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate after rolling compounding has low strength and poor interface bonding performance. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new steel / aluminum alloy preparation process to realize high-strength bonding between the heat-treatable aluminum alloy and the steel while taking into account the performance of the component metals. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application proposes a steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate rolling forming method to solve the problems of low strength of component metals and poor interface bonding performance in the preparation process of the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0006] A steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate rolling forming method comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1, blank preparation: prepare a steel plate and a heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate with the same length and width, remove the oil stains and oxide films on the surfaces of the steel plate and the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate, and dry them, polish the surfaces of the steel plate and the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate to be compounded, and then stand still;

[0008] S2, blank assembly: align and stack the steel plate and the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate treated in step S1 together, and make the surfaces to be compounded contact each other, bind one end of the steel plate and the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate with aluminum wire, and obtain a steel / aluminum alloy blank assembly;

[0009] S3, heating: heat the steel / aluminum alloy blank assembly prepared in step S2 in a protective atmosphere or a vacuum environment, and the heating temperature is greater than 500 DEG C and less than the melting point of the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate;

[0010] S4, rolling: roll the steel / aluminum alloy blank assembly heated in step S3 by using a common two-roll flat rolling mill, the rolling reduction is 30-50%, and then cut the head, edge and tail to prepare a steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate;

[0011] S5, micro-reduction electric field assisted flattening: flatten the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate obtained in step S4 by using a flattening machine with a pulse power source, supplement the heat of the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate by using the Joule heat generated by the electric current during the flattening process, eliminate the micro-crack defects, and obtain a flattened steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate;

[0012] S6, pre-stress quenching treatment: perform pre-stress quenching treatment on the flattened steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate in step S5 in a quenching equipment with a pre-stress, the equipment pre-stress is 2-10 MPa, the temperature drop rate is greater than 90 DEG C / s, and a quenched steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate is obtained;

[0013] S7, aging treatment: place the quenched steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate in step S6 in a holding furnace to perform low-temperature aging treatment, and obtain a final state steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate.

[0014] Further, the steel plate in the step S1 is any one of plain carbon steel or stainless steel; the heat treatable strengthening aluminum alloy plate is any one of 2 series aluminum alloy, 6 series aluminum alloy or 7 series aluminum alloy.

[0015] Still further, the leveling mode of the leveling machine in the step S5 is synchronous leveling or asynchronous leveling, the reduction in the leveling process is less than 5%, the voltage of the pulse power supply is 120-380V, the frequency is 300-600Hz, and the temperature of the Joule heat generated by the current is 510-570℃.

[0016] Still further, the temperature of the low-temperature aging treatment in the step S7 is 120-190℃, and the placing time is 4-12h.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0018] The heating temperature of the group blank is greater than 500℃ and less than the melting point of the heat treatable strengthening aluminum alloy plate, which can increase the difference in deformation resistance between the aluminum alloy and the steel, reduce the bending of the steel matrix caused by the deformation of the aluminum alloy, and thus prepare a flat and straight steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate; the steel plate side to be compounded is extremely hard, the aluminum alloy side to be compounded is extremely soft, and the difference in deformation resistance between the component metals is large, so the effective combination of the steel and aluminum interface can be easily realized during the rolling process; after rolling, the micro-pressing electric field assisted leveling can eliminate the residual stress and micro-crack defects of the composite plate; the pre-stress quenching can prevent the interface cracking failure of the composite plate caused by quenching, thereby reducing the residual stress of the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate while protecting the interface bonding performance; finally, the low-temperature aging treatment is used to enhance the performance of the aluminum matrix and improve the interface bonding performance.

[0019] The method disclosed by the present application requires simple equipment, can be designed according to product specifications, is more diversified in size and specification, and can be produced on a large scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The rolling flow chart of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0021] In the figure, the heat treatable strengthening aluminum alloy plate is 1, the steel plate is 2, the steel / aluminum alloy group blank is 3, the vacuum heating furnace is 4, the ordinary two-roller flat rolling mill is 5, the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate is 6, the pulse power supply is 7, the conductive roller is 8, the leveling machine is 9, the quenching equipment is 10, and the holding furnace is 11. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to further illustrate the technical scheme of the present application, the present application will be further described by examples.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] As Figure 1 shown, a steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate rolling forming method for preparing 314 / 6013 layered metal composite plate, comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1, blank preparation: prepare a heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 with a length x width x height of 160 mm x 80 mm x 8 mm and a material of 6013, remove the oil stains and oxide film on the surface of the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 to be compounded, clean the surface of the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 to be compounded with acetone and alcohol, then polish the surface of the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 to be compounded with a steel wire brush, and let it dry; prepare a steel plate 2 with a length x width x height of 160 mm x 80 mm x 5 mm and a material of 314, remove the oil stains and oxide film on the surface of the steel plate 2 to be compounded, clean the surface of the steel plate 2 to be compounded with acetone and alcohol, then polish the surface of the steel plate 2 to be compounded with a red leaf grinding wheel, and let it dry;

[0026] S2, blank assembly: align and stack the steel plate 2 and the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 treated in step S1 together, with the surfaces to be compounded in contact, and bind one end of the steel plate 2 and the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 with aluminum wire to obtain a steel / aluminum alloy blank assembly 3;

[0027] S3, heating: heat the steel / aluminum alloy blank assembly 3 prepared in step S2 to 550°C in a vacuum heating furnace 4;

[0028] S4, rolling: roll the steel / aluminum alloy blank assembly 3 heated in step S3 using a general two-high flat rolling mill 5, with a rolling reduction of 30%, then cut the head, edge and tail to prepare a steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6;

[0029] S5, micro-reduction electric field assisted flattening: simultaneously flatten the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 obtained in step S4 using a flattening machine 9 with a pulse power source 7, and use the Joule heat generated by the current to heat the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 during the flattening process to eliminate micro-crack defects and obtain a flattened steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6, with a reduction of less than 5% during the flattening process, a voltage of 120V for the pulse power source 7, a frequency of 600Hz, and a temperature of 570°C generated by the Joule heat of the current;

[0030] S6, pre-stress quenching treatment: perform pre-stress quenching treatment on the flattened steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 in step S5 in a quenching device 10 with pre-stress, with a device pre-stress of 2MPa and a temperature drop rate of greater than 90°C / s, to obtain a quenched steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6;

[0031] S7, aging treatment: the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 quenched in step S6 is placed in a holding furnace 11 at 190℃ for 4h to obtain a final state steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate rolling forming method for preparing a Q235B / 2036 layered metal composite plate, comprising the following steps:

[0034] S1, blank preparation: a heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 with a length x width x height of 400mm x 150mm x 6mm and a material of 2036 is prepared, the oil stains and oxide films on the surface of the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 to be compounded are removed, the surface of the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 to be compounded is cleaned with acetone and alcohol, and then the surface of the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 to be compounded is polished with a steel wire brush and left to dry; a steel plate 2 with a length x width x height of 400mm x 150mm x 6mm and a material of Q235B is prepared, the oil stains and oxide films on the surface of the steel plate 2 to be compounded are removed, the surface of the steel plate 2 to be compounded is cleaned with acetone and alcohol, and then the surface of the steel plate 2 to be compounded is polished with a red leaf grinding wheel and left to dry;

[0035] S2, assembly: the steel plate 2 and the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 treated in step S1 are aligned and stacked together with the surfaces to be compounded in contact, and one end of the steel plate 2 and the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 is bound with aluminum wire to obtain a steel / aluminum alloy assembly 3;

[0036] S3, heating: the steel / aluminum alloy assembly 3 prepared in step S2 is heated to 530℃ under the protection of an argon atmosphere;

[0037] S4, rolling: the steel / aluminum alloy assembly 3 heated in step S3 is rolled by using a general two-roller flat rolling mill 5 with a rolling reduction of 40%, and then the head, edge and tail are cut to prepare a steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6;

[0038] S5, micro-reduction field-assisted flattening: the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 obtained in step S4 is subjected to asynchronous flattening by using a flattening machine 9 with a pulse power source 7, the Joule heat generated by the electric current is used to supplement the heat of the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 during the flattening process to eliminate micro-crack defects, and a flattened steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 is obtained, the reduction during the flattening process is less than 5%, the voltage of the pulse power source 7 is 240V, the frequency is 400Hz, and the temperature of the Joule heat generated by the electric current is 540℃;

[0039] S6, prestress quenching treatment: the flattened steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 in step S5 is subjected to prestress quenching treatment in a quenching device 10 with prestress, the device prestress is 5 MPa, the temperature drop rate is greater than 90 ℃ / s, and the quenched steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 is obtained;

[0040] S7, aging treatment: the quenched steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 in step S6 is placed in a holding furnace 11 at 135 ℃ for 8 h, and the final state steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 is obtained.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] As shown in the figure, a steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate rolling forming method for preparing a 314 / 7049 layered metal composite plate, comprising the following steps: Figure 1

[0043] S1, blank preparation: a heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 with a length × width × height of 900 mm × 500 mm × 10 mm and a material of 7049 is prepared, the oil stains and oxide films on the surface of the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 to be compounded are removed, the surface of the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 to be compounded is cleaned with acetone and alcohol, and then the surface of the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 to be compounded is polished with a steel wire brush and dried; a steel plate 2 with a length × width × height of 900 mm × 500 mm × 8 mm and a material of 314 is prepared, the oil stains and oxide films on the surface of the steel plate 2 to be compounded are removed, the surface of the steel plate 2 to be compounded is cleaned with acetone and alcohol, and then the surface of the steel plate 2 to be compounded is polished with a red leaf grinding wheel and dried;

[0044] S2, assembly: the steel plate 2 and the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 treated in step S1 are aligned and stacked together, and the surfaces to be compounded are in contact, and one end of the steel plate 2 and the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate 1 is bound with aluminum wire to obtain a steel / aluminum alloy assembly 3;

[0045] S3, heating: the steel / aluminum alloy assembly 3 prepared in step S2 is heated to 580 ℃ in a vacuum heating furnace 4;

[0046] S4, rolling: the steel / aluminum alloy assembly 3 heated in step S3 is rolled by using a general two-roller flat rolling mill 5, the rolling reduction is 50%, and then the head, edge and tail are cut to prepare a steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6;

[0047] ​S5, micro-pressing electric field assisted flattening: the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 obtained in step S4 is synchronously flattened by a flattening machine 9 with a pulse power supply 7, Joule heat generated by the current is used to supplement the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 during the flattening process to eliminate micro-crack defects, and the flattened steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 is obtained, the flattening process has a pressing rate of less than 5%, the voltage of the pulse power supply 7 is 380V, the frequency is 300Hz, and the temperature of the Joule heat generated by the current is 510℃;

[0048] S6, pre-stress quenching treatment: the flattened steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 in step S5 is subjected to pre-stress quenching treatment in a quenching device 10 with pre-stress, the device has a pre-stress of 10MPa, and the temperature drop rate is greater than 90℃ / s, and the quenched steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 is obtained;

[0049] S7, aging treatment: the quenched steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 in step S6 is placed in a holding furnace 11 at 120℃ for 12h, and the final state steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate 6 is obtained.

[0050] The above shows and describes the main features and advantages of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present application can be realized in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting, the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and therefore all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present application.

[0051] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, each embodiment does not contain only one independent technical solution, and the description manner of the specification is only for the sake of clarity, those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that those skilled in the art can understand.

Claims

1. A steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite sheet rolling forming method characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: S1, blank preparation: prepare a steel plate (2) and a heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate (1) with the same length and width, remove the oil stains and oxide films on the surfaces of the steel plate (2) and the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate (1), and dry them, polish the surfaces of the steel plate (2) and the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate (1) to be bonded, and then stand still, wherein the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate (1) is any one of a 2-series aluminum alloy, a 6-series aluminum alloy or a 7-series aluminum alloy; S2, blank assembly: align and stack the steel plate (2) and the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate (1) treated in step S1 together, and make the surfaces to be bonded contact each other, and bind one end of the steel plate (2) and the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate (1) by using an aluminum wire, to obtain a steel / aluminum alloy blank (3); S3, heating: heat the steel / aluminum alloy blank (3) prepared in step S2 in a protective atmosphere or a vacuum environment, and the heating temperature is greater than 500 DEG C and less than the melting point of the heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate (1); S4, rolling: roll the steel / aluminum alloy blank (3) heated in step S3 by using a common two-high flat rolling mill (5), the rolling reduction is 30-50%, and then cut the head, edge and tail to prepare a steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate (6); S5, micro-reduction electric field assisted flattening: flatten the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate (6) obtained in step S4 by using a flattening machine (9) provided with a pulse power source (7), supplement the heat of the steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate (6) by using the Joule heat generated by the electric current during the flattening process, eliminate the micro-crack defects, and obtain the flattened steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate (6); S6, pre-pressure quenching treatment: perform pre-pressure quenching treatment on the flattened steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate (6) in step S5 in a quenching device (10) provided with a pre-pressure, the pre-pressure of the device is 2-10 MPa, the temperature drop rate is greater than 90 DEG C / s, and the quenched steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate (6) is obtained; S7, aging treatment: place the quenched steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate (6) in step S6 in a holding furnace (11) to perform low-temperature aging treatment, and obtain the final state steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite plate (6), wherein the temperature of the low-temperature aging treatment in step S7 is 120-190 DEG C, and the standing time is 4-12 h.

2. The steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite sheet rolling forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel plate (2) in step S1 is any one of a common carbon steel or a stainless steel.

3. The steel / aluminum alloy layered metal composite sheet rolling forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flattening mode of the flattening machine (9) in step S5 is synchronous flattening or asynchronous flattening, the reduction is less than 5% during the flattening process, the voltage of the pulse power source (7) is 120-380 V, the frequency is 300-600 Hz, and the temperature of the Joule heat generated by the electric current is 510-570 DEG C.

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