An annular bone drill and a method of drilling a bone based on the annular bone drill

Abstract

This disclosure provides a ring-shaped bone drill and a bone drilling method based on the ring-shaped bone drill, which can be applied in the field of medical technology. The ring-shaped bone drill includes a ring-shaped hollow drill rod, an anchoring mechanism, a lifting and pushing mechanism, and a power module; the anchoring mechanism is inserted into the ring-shaped hollow drill rod; the lifting and pushing mechanism includes a pushing component and a clamping component; the pushing component and the handle are slidably assembled; the clamping component is used to fix the anchoring mechanism; the lifting and pushing mechanism is used to lift the anchoring mechanism based on the clamping component and push the ring-shaped hollow drill rod based on the pushing component when a counterforce is applied; the power module is used to provide rotational power for the ring-shaped hollow drill rod. The above-mentioned ring-shaped bone drill can effectively stop drilling based on the drilling completion state during the bone drilling process. In addition, the ring-shaped bone drill itself has a simple structure, small size, and is easy to use, thus optimizing the application effect in the actual bone drilling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments in this specification relate to the field of medical technology, and in particular to a ring-shaped bone drill and a bone drilling method based on the ring-shaped bone drill. Background Technology

[0002] During surgery, it is sometimes necessary to drill holes in the patient's bone tissue to facilitate bone sampling or to insert surgical instruments for procedures. For example, in some neurosurgical procedures, drilling into the skull is required. Because bone tissue is thick and generally requires a small borehole diameter, drilling is not only laborious but also prone to deviation. Furthermore, applying excessive force to the bone drill during drilling can cause it to continue moving inward after drilling through, potentially injuring internal soft tissues. Especially in neurosurgery, the inability to effectively control the bone drill's stopping can damage brain tissue.

[0003] Currently, to effectively control drill bit progress and avoid soft tissue trauma, blunt drill bits or clutch-based stopping techniques are generally used. However, blunt drill bits further prolong drilling time, consuming additional effort from the surgeon and potentially affecting subsequent surgical procedures; while clutch-based stopping techniques are complex, costly, and require a demanding surgical environment and extensive preparation during bone drilling, thus lacking satisfactory clinical application results. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a bone drill that can conveniently and effectively control drilling stopping. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments in this specification is to provide a ring-shaped bone drill and a bone drilling method based on the ring-shaped bone drill, so as to solve the problem of how to conveniently and effectively control the drilling stop during the bone drilling process.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this specification provides an annular bone drill, comprising an annular hollow drill rod, an anchoring mechanism, a lifting and pushing mechanism, and a power module. The anchoring mechanism is inserted into the annular hollow drill rod. The lifting and pushing mechanism includes a propulsion member and a clamping member. The clamping member is used to fix the anchoring mechanism. The lifting and pushing mechanism is used to lift the anchoring mechanism based on the clamping member and advance the annular hollow drill rod based on the propulsion member when a counterforce is applied. The power module is used to provide rotational power for the annular hollow drill rod.

[0006] In some embodiments, the head end of the anchoring mechanism is a shovel-type structure; the shovel-type structure is used to fix the anchoring mechanism on the area to be drilled; the shovel-type structure includes a threaded structure or a barb structure.

[0007] Based on the above embodiments, the head end of the anchoring mechanism is used to fix the anchoring mechanism on the pre-hole in the area to be drilled.

[0008] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, the sluice-insertion structure is also used to remove the bone tissue of the area to be drilled by attaching it to the head end of the anchoring mechanism after drilling the area to be drilled using an annular hollow drill rod.

[0009] In some embodiments, the tail end of the anchoring mechanism includes an embedded portion and / or an expanded portion; the handle has a groove; the inner diameter of the groove is greater than the outer diameter of the embedded portion and less than the outer diameter of the rod of the anchoring mechanism, or the inner diameter of the groove is greater than the outer diameter of the rod of the anchoring mechanism and less than the outer diameter of the expanded portion, or the inner diameter of the groove is greater than the outer diameter of the embedded portion and less than the outer diameter of the expanded portion.

[0010] In some embodiments, the pusher includes at least one slide bar; the handle has an opening corresponding to the slide bar so that the slide bar is inserted into the opening; the pusher and the handle slide relative to each other along the direction of the slide bar.

[0011] In some embodiments, the handle has two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped grooves; the tail end of the pusher includes a pressing part; the arc-shaped grooves and the pressing part are for the operator to grip.

[0012] In some embodiments, an elastic structure is provided between the handle and the pusher; the elastic structure is used to apply a counterforce to the lifting and pushing mechanism.

[0013] In some embodiments, the head end of the annular hollow drill rod has a serrated structure.

[0014] In some embodiments, a circumferential drilling reciprocating structure is provided between the power module and the annular hollow drill rod; the circumferential drilling reciprocating structure is used to control the annular hollow drill rod to drill in an oscillating manner.

[0015] In some embodiments, the power module includes one of a motor, a flexible shaft, a rocker arm, a steam turbine, and a spring.

[0016] This specification also proposes a bone drilling method based on a ring-shaped bone drill, comprising: fixing the head end of an anchoring mechanism to the area to be drilled; inserting the anchoring mechanism into a ring-shaped hollow drill rod and fixing the tail end of the anchoring mechanism to a handle of a lifting mechanism; the lifting mechanism includes a pusher and a handle; the pusher and the handle are slidably assembled; the pusher is tractably connected to the ring-shaped hollow drill rod or a power module; applying opposing forces to the pusher and the handle respectively; the opposing forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction; controlling the rotation of the ring-shaped hollow drill rod through the power module; after drilling through the area to be drilled, the anchoring mechanism removes the bone tissue from the area to be drilled so that the pusher loses the force that propels the ring-shaped hollow drill rod downward.

[0017] In some embodiments, fixing the head of the anchoring mechanism to the area to be drilled includes: drilling a pre-hole in the area to be drilled based on the drilling direction; and inserting the anchoring mechanism into the pre-hole.

[0018] In some embodiments, the power module is further provided with a pressure control switch; the pressure control switch is provided based on the contact position between the propulsion member and the power module; the pressure control switch is used to control the start and stop of the power module according to the magnitude of the contact pressure.

[0019] This specification also proposes a bone drilling method based on a ring-shaped bone drill, comprising: fixing the head end of an anchoring mechanism to the area to be drilled; inserting the anchoring mechanism into a ring-shaped hollow drill rod and fixing the anchoring mechanism by a clamping member in a lifting mechanism; the lifting mechanism includes a propulsion member and a clamping member; the propulsion member and the clamping member are slidably assembled; applying a counterforce to the lifting mechanism; the counterforce is used to lift the anchoring mechanism based on the clamping member and to propel the ring-shaped hollow drill rod based on the propulsion member; controlling the rotation of the ring-shaped hollow drill rod through a power module; after drilling through the area to be drilled, the bone tissue inside the ring drill is separated from the overall bone tissue and is lifted by the anchoring mechanism, so that the propulsion member loses the force to propel the ring-shaped hollow drill rod downward.

[0020] In some embodiments, fixing the head of the anchoring mechanism to the area to be drilled includes: drilling a pre-hole in the area to be drilled based on the drilling direction; and fixing the anchoring mechanism in the pre-hole.

[0021] As can be seen from the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification above, the annular bone drill inserts an anchoring mechanism into an annular hollow drill rod, and then uses a clamping member to fix the anchoring mechanism. Based on the structural relationship between the propeller and the clamping member, a counterforce can be applied between the propeller and the clamping member, thereby allowing the propeller to apply thrust to the power mechanism. Furthermore, with the power module providing rotational power to the annular hollow drill rod, the annular hollow drill rod can complete the drilling of bone tissue under the applied pressure. In addition, since the force applied between the propeller and the handle is counterforce, after drilling through, the force applied by the handle after separating the bone sample from the corresponding area decreases, and the pressing force applied to the propeller also decreases accordingly, thus effectively completing the drilling stop process. The aforementioned annular bone drill ensures effective drilling stop based on the drilling through state during bone drilling. Moreover, the annular bone drill itself has a simple structure, small size, and is easy to use, optimizing the application effect in the actual bone drilling process. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or prior art of this specification, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this specification. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a ring-shaped bone drill according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a ring-shaped hollow drill rod assembled on a power module according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an anchoring mechanism according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an anchoring mechanism anchored to bone tissue according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present specification of assembling a power module onto an anchoring structure;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a ring-shaped bone drill according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the force transmission of a pressing and pushing component according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a ring-shaped bone drill according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the force analysis of a lifting mechanism according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0032] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating a bone drilling method based on a ring-shaped bone drill, as described in this specification.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Annular hollow drill rod; 2. Anchoring mechanism; 3. Lifting and pushing mechanism; 31. Propulsion component; 32. Clamping component; 4. Power module; 5. Elastic structure. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this specification, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this specification.

[0035] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this specification provides an embodiment of a ring-shaped bone drill. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the annular bone drill includes an annular hollow drill rod 1, an anchoring mechanism 2, a lifting mechanism 3, and a power module 4.

[0036] The annular hollow drill rod 1 is a hollow rod-shaped structure. The annular hollow drill rod 1 is used to perform the bone drilling process; therefore, the head end of the annular hollow drill rod 1 can be a shape that facilitates bone drilling. For example, the head end of the annular hollow drill rod 1 can be a serrated structure, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the specific shape and size of the saw teeth can be adjusted according to requirements. The head end of the annular hollow drill rod 1 can also be a sharp blade-like structure. In practical applications, the head end state of the annular hollow drill rod 1 can be adjusted according to the drilling effect.

[0037] To ensure drilling performance, the annular hollow drill rod 1 can be made of materials such as titanium alloy or stainless steel. In practical applications, the material of the annular hollow drill rod 1 can also be adjusted according to requirements, and there are no restrictions on this.

[0038] The hollow state of the annular hollow drill rod 1 is primarily to allow the anchoring mechanism 2 to be inserted into it. The inner diameter of the annular hollow drill rod 1 is larger than the outer diameter of the anchoring mechanism 2, allowing the anchoring mechanism 2 to slide within the annular hollow drill rod 1. Inserting the anchoring mechanism 2 into the annular hollow drill rod 1 ensures that the axes of the anchoring mechanism 2 and the annular hollow drill rod 1 coincide. This not only guarantees the downward advancement of the annular hollow drill rod 1 during subsequent drilling based on the overall structure of the device, but also guides the annular hollow drill rod 1 to drill in the correct direction by pre-fixing the orientation of the anchoring mechanism 2 to the correct drilling direction.

[0039] The diameter of the annular hollow drill rod 1 can be set according to the size requirements of the drill hole, and there is no limitation on it.

[0040] Accordingly, in order to ensure that the anchoring mechanism 2 can effectively guide the drilling direction of the annular hollow drill rod 1, the difference between the inner diameter of the annular hollow drill rod 1 and the outer diameter of the anchoring mechanism 2 should be controlled within a certain range, so as to ensure the fit between the anchoring mechanism 2 and the annular hollow drill rod 1.

[0041] The anchoring mechanism 2 serves two purposes: firstly, to fix the drilling direction; and secondly, to control drilling stopness through its interaction with the annular hollow drill rod 1 and the lifting mechanism 3. Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic of the anchoring mechanism 2, which is generally a solid rod-shaped structure.

[0042] The head end of the anchoring mechanism 2 can be a corresponding threaded structure used to fix the head end of the anchoring mechanism 2 to the area to be drilled. The threaded structure can be, for example, a threaded structure, where the head end of the anchoring mechanism 2 is fixed by screwing it into the area to be drilled. The threaded structure can also be a barbed structure, where the head end of the anchoring mechanism 2 can be fixed by directly inserting the anchoring mechanism 2 into the bone tissue of the area to be drilled, or by inserting the anchoring mechanism 2 into a pre-drilled hole in the area to be drilled. Figure 4 The diagram shown illustrates how an anchoring mechanism is fixed to bone tissue. In practical applications, other structures can also be used to fix the two ends of the anchoring mechanism; there are no limitations on this.

[0043] After the anchoring mechanism is fixed, the annular hollow drill rod can be passed through the anchoring mechanism, so that the anchoring mechanism is located inside the annular hollow drill rod, and the head end of the annular hollow drill rod is in close contact with the bone tissue. Figure 5 The diagram shows a structural schematic of a hollow annular drill rod, including a power module, positioned opposite to an anchoring mechanism.

[0044] Furthermore, since the annular bone drill is used to drill bone through the annular hollow drill rod 1, once the drill is completed, the bone tissue inside the annular hollow drill rod 1 attaches to the drill bit structure. This portion of bone tissue can be extracted through the anchoring mechanism 2 and can be further applied to bone tissue analysis and other operations.

[0045] The tail end of the anchoring mechanism 2 can be fixed to the handle 32 of the lifting structure to complete the specific drilling process.

[0046] The anchoring mechanism 2 can be inserted into the annular hollow drill rod 1. In practical applications, the head end of the anchoring mechanism 2 is usually fixed to the area to be drilled first, and then the annular hollow drill rod 1 is inserted from the tail end of the anchoring mechanism 2. Since the anchoring mechanism 2 has a certain function of fixing the drilling direction, fixing the anchoring mechanism 2 first and then inserting the annular hollow drill rod 1 makes it easier to control the accuracy of the direction of the anchoring mechanism 2.

[0047] Accordingly, in order to ensure that the subsequent lifting and pushing mechanism 3 can effectively complete the drilling, the length of the anchoring mechanism 2 is greater than the length of the annular hollow drill rod 1.

[0048] The lifting and pushing mechanism 3 is mainly used to provide downward propulsion force for the annular hollow drill rod 1 during drilling, and, based on its own structural characteristics, to stop drilling when the drill is completed. The lifting and pushing mechanism 3 includes a propulsion component 31 and a clamping component 32.

[0049] The clamping member 32 is mainly used to fix the anchoring mechanism 2. The anchoring mechanism 2 can be detachably fixed to the clamping member 32. In the early stage of drilling, the head end of the anchoring mechanism 2 is fixed in the area to be drilled, and after the anchoring mechanism 2 is inserted into the annular hollow drill rod 1, the anchoring mechanism 2 is assembled and fixed to the clamping member 32. Correspondingly, after the drilling is completed, the anchoring mechanism 2 can be removed from the clamping member 32.

[0050] To achieve detachable assembly, the anchoring mechanism 2 can be fixed to the clamping member 32 using a suitable structure. In some embodiments, the clamping member 32 has a groove for placing the tail end of the anchoring mechanism 2. When a force is applied to the clamping member 32 in a corresponding direction, the groove can ensure that the anchoring mechanism 2 is locked in place, thereby effectively transmitting the force applied to the clamping member 32 to the anchoring mechanism 2.

[0051] Preferably, the tail end of the anchoring mechanism 2 includes an embedded portion and / or an expanded portion, wherein the outer diameter of the embedded portion is smaller than the outer diameter of the rod of the anchoring mechanism 2, and the outer diameter of the expanded portion is larger than the outer diameter of the rod of the anchoring mechanism 2. When the anchoring mechanism 2 only includes the embedded portion, the inner diameter of the groove is larger than the outer diameter of the embedded portion and smaller than the outer diameter of the rod of the anchoring mechanism 2. By placing the embedded portion of the anchoring mechanism 2 into the groove, when a force is applied along the direction of the rod of the anchoring mechanism 2, the clamping member 32 is in contact with the anchoring mechanism 2, thereby effectively transmitting the corresponding force. When the anchoring mechanism 2 only includes the expanded portion, the inner diameter of the groove is larger than the outer diameter of the rod of the anchoring mechanism 2 and smaller than the outer diameter of the expanded portion. By directly placing the rod of the anchoring mechanism 2 into the groove, when a force is applied in a specific direction, it can be ensured that the clamping member 32 is in contact with the anchoring mechanism 2 to achieve the transmission of the corresponding force. When the anchoring mechanism 2 includes both an embedded part and an expanded part, the inner diameter of the groove is larger than the outer diameter of the embedded part and smaller than the outer diameter of the expanded part. Based on the same principle, the clamping member 32 and the anchoring mechanism 2 can be fitted together.

[0052] In practical applications, the detachable assembly between the clamping component 32 and the anchoring mechanism 2 can also be achieved in other ways, such as fixing the anchoring mechanism 2 through a clamp or an adjustable hole. It is not limited to the above examples, and will not be described in detail here.

[0053] The propulsion component 31 is tractably connected to the annular hollow drill rod 1 or the power module 4. Specifically, the propulsion component 31 can be fitted against the tail end of the annular hollow drill rod 1, or, when the power module 4 is fixed to the annular hollow drill rod 1, the propulsion component 31 can be fitted against the surface of the power module 4, such as... Figure 7 As shown, when the tail end of the pusher 31 is pressed, a downward force is also exerted on the power module 4 and the annular hollow drill rod 1.

[0054] By applying opposing forces to the pusher 31 and the clamping member 32, that is, applying a downward pushing force to the pusher and an upward pulling force in the opposite direction to the clamping member, and the two forces are always equal in magnitude, the effect of stopping drilling immediately after drilling can be achieved.

[0055] The method of applying the counterforce can be set based on the actual application, for example, such as... Figure 1 As shown, an elastic structure 5 can be provided between the propulsion member 31 and the clamping member 32. When stretched, the elastic structure 5 deforms and exerts opposing forces on the propulsion member 31 and the clamping member 32 through its own deformation, thus achieving the effect of applying opposing forces. Furthermore, since the elastic structure 5 is the main body applying the opposing forces, the applied forces are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

[0056] Figure 1 In this design, elastic structure 5 is set as a spring. However, in practical applications, other objects capable of elastic deformation can also be set as elastic structure 5, such as rubber bands. It is not limited to this. Figure 1 Examples from the previous examples will not be listed here.

[0057] To better describe the effect of opposing forces in this application, an illustrative scenario is used. Imagine a person standing in soft mud pulling grass. Before being pulled out, the grass and mud are a single entity. While pulling the grass, the person applies an upward force to it. Simultaneously, while pulling the grass upward with their hands, their feet apply a force greater than their body weight to the mud. When the force is applied to the person as a whole, neglecting the person's own reaction to the force, the force exerted by the person pulling the grass and the force exerted by their feet on the mud are opposing forces—equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Assuming the mud can just support the person's weight, the person will sink into the mud while applying opposing forces. The instant the grass is pulled out, it detaches from the mud as a whole. The force exerted by the user on the grass is merely the force that moves the grass, negligible in magnitude; simultaneously, the opposing force exerted by the feet on the mud rapidly decreases to the force corresponding to the user's own body weight, causing the user to instantly stop sinking. This example can also achieve the same effect when applied to the treble drill of this application. After drilling through, the bone sample attached to the anchoring mechanism, that is, the bone sample inside the drill rod, will instantly reduce to negligible force after detaching from the overall bone sample, thereby achieving the effect of stopping the drill rod from drilling downward.

[0058] Alternatively, a motor module can be directly installed in the middle of the propulsion mechanism to apply the counterforce, achieving the same technical effect. In practical applications, other types of modules can also be used to apply the counterforce as needed, and the method is not limited to the above implementation, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0059] In some embodiments, the lifting mechanism may also apply counterforce in other ways. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the lifting and pushing mechanism 3 may also include only the pushing member 31 and the clamping member 32, without any elastic structure or other structures. The pushing member 31 and the clamping member 32 are slidably assembled, meaning that the pushing member 31 can slide on the clamping member 32 in a certain direction. In specific applications, the sliding direction can correspond to the drilling direction. Simultaneously, the clamping member is designed with an easy-to-grip structure, allowing the user to directly apply counterforce to the lifting and pushing mechanism by gripping it.

[0060] To achieve sliding assembly, the pusher 31 may include at least one slide rod, which can be a cylindrical structure of uniform diameter. Correspondingly, the clamping member 32 may have openings corresponding to the slide rod, the number and position of which correspond to the slide rod to ensure that the slide rod can be inserted into the corresponding opening. Accordingly, the clamping member 32 can slide on the pusher 31 based on the slide rod. Figure 1In the example shown, preferably, the pusher 31 includes two slide rods that are inserted into the openings of the clamping member 32, allowing the pusher 31 to slide up and down based on the slide rods. By providing two slide rods in the pusher 31, both the structural simplicity and the overall stability of the lifting mechanism 3 can be ensured.

[0061] In practical applications, sliding assembly can also be achieved through other means, such as sliding the clamping part 32 on the pushing part 31 through gear sliding or magnetic attraction modules. It is not limited to the above examples and will not be elaborated here.

[0062] Since the operator may hold the clamping member 32 during drilling, the structures of the propeller 31 and the clamping member 32 can be specifically designed to facilitate the operator. For example, two arc-shaped grooves can be symmetrically arranged on the clamping member 32, with the opening direction of the arc-shaped grooves corresponding to the head end direction of the propeller 31 during assembly. Correspondingly, the tail end of the propeller 31 can include a pressing part, which can be a block-shaped structure with a flat end. For example, in... Figure 8 In the schematic diagram, the pressing part can be an elliptical cylindrical structure.

[0063] When the operator holds the lifting and pushing mechanism 3, they can place their index and middle fingers in the two arc-shaped grooves respectively, press their thumb on the pressing part, and tighten their palm to apply an upward lifting force to the clamping member 32 and a downward pressing force to the pushing member 31. Since the operator's hand is the primary force exerted, the force applied to the clamping member 32 and the force applied to the pushing member 31 constitute a pair of opposing forces. Figure 9 The force diagram is shown in the figure.

[0064] Based on the above structural description, once the anchoring mechanism 2 is fixed and the entire device is assembled, applying a counterforce to the lifting mechanism will exert an outward pulling force on the anchoring mechanism 2 based on the lifting component, and simultaneously exert an inward drilling force on the annular hollow drill rod based on the propulsion component 31. When drilling is complete, the annular hollow drill rod 1 cuts the internal area to be drilled from the overall bone tissue, causing the bone tissue of the area to be drilled to separate from the overall bone tissue. Since the head end of the anchoring mechanism 2 is fixed to the bone tissue of the area to be drilled, this part of the bone tissue will separate from the overall bone tissue. During the lifting process, the force applied to the lifting component is only used to pull the lifting component and the anchoring mechanism 2 outward. That is, at this time, the force applied by the operator's hand to the lifting component is very small. Since the force applied to the clamping component 32 and the force applied to the propulsion component 31 are a pair of interacting forces, when drilling is complete, the force applied to the annular hollow drill rod 1 through the propulsion component 31 will also decrease instantaneously. That is, the annular hollow drill rod 1 loses the pressing force to continue moving downward, thus effectively stopping drilling.

[0065] The tail end of the annular hollow drill rod 1 can be fixed to the power module 4. The power module 4 can provide the corresponding driving force to the annular hollow drill rod 1, thereby driving the annular hollow drill rod 1 to rotate and complete the bone drilling operation.

[0066] Preferably, the power module 4 can be a matching motor device, which can directly drive the annular hollow drill rod 1 to rotate after the switch of the motor device is turned on, thereby completing the cutting of bone tissue.

[0067] In addition, based on the need for convenient application, the power module 4 can also be a human-powered module such as a flexible shaft or a rocker arm. The flexible shaft can be wound around the annular hollow drill rod 1, and the rotation of the annular hollow drill rod 1 can be controlled by pulling the flexible shaft. The rocker arm can be fixed by connecting to the annular hollow drill rod 1, and the rotation of the mechanical arm can drive the rotation of the annular hollow drill rod 1.

[0068] In practical applications, the type of the power module 4 can be adjusted according to specific needs, and is not limited to the above example, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0069] In some embodiments, a trephine reciprocating structure can also be provided between the toroidal hollow drill rod 1 and the power module 4. The trephine reciprocating structure is used to control the toroidal hollow drill rod 1 to drill in an oscillating manner. Normally, the power module 4 can only control the toroidal hollow drill rod 1 to rotate continuously, but continuous rotation can easily damage soft tissue when the drill tip contacts it. The trephine reciprocating structure converts the rotational force of the power module 4 into oscillation within a certain range, thereby controlling the toroidal hollow drill rod 1 to drill in an oscillating manner. In oscillating mode, the toroidal hollow drill rod 1 only rotates within a certain angle, effectively cutting hard tissues such as bone. When it encounters soft tissue, because soft tissue can undergo recoverable deformation to a certain extent, the oscillating mode of the toroidal hollow drill rod 1 will not cause damage to the soft tissue, further reducing the risk of injury to the patient during bone drilling.

[0070] Preferably, the power module may also be equipped with a pressure control switch. The pressure control switch can be located at the contact point between the propeller and the power module. The pressure control switch can be a combination of a pressure sensing module and a control module. The pressure control switch senses the pressure exerted by the propeller on the power module through a pressure sensing module, such as a force-sensitive resistor. The control module can control the start and stop of the power module based on the magnitude of the contact pressure.

[0071] During drilling, when a counterforce is applied to the lifting mechanism, the propulsion component inevitably exerts a downward pushing force on the power module. When the pressure control switch senses that the applied pressure exceeds a preset threshold, it controls the power module to start, thereby rotating the annular hollow drill rod to begin drilling. Once drilling is complete, based on the aforementioned process, the downward pushing force of the propulsion component rapidly decreases. When the pressure control switch senses that the contact pressure is less than the preset threshold, it automatically controls the power module to stop working, thus achieving the simultaneous stopping of the annular hollow drill rod's rotation upon drilling completion. The threshold value can be set according to the differentiation between the force applied during drilling and upon completion in practical applications, and is not limited in this respect.

[0072] The setting of the pressure control switch further ensures the safety of the bone drilling process and guarantees the actual application effect of the ring bone drill.

[0073] Based on the above embodiments and scenario examples, it can be seen that the annular bone drill, by inserting the anchoring mechanism into the annular hollow drill rod and then fixing the anchoring mechanism with a clamping member, utilizes the structural relationship between the propeller and the clamping member to apply opposing forces. This allows the propeller to apply thrust to the power mechanism, and with the power module providing rotational power to the annular hollow drill rod, the annular hollow drill rod can complete the drilling of bone tissue under the applied pressure. Furthermore, since the opposing forces applied between the propeller and the handle reduce the force applied by the handle after drilling through and separating the bone sample from the corresponding area, the pressing force applied to the propeller also decreases accordingly, effectively completing the drilling stop process. The annular bone drill ensures effective drilling stop based on the drilling completion state during bone drilling. Moreover, the annular bone drill itself has a simple structure, small size, and is easy to use, optimizing the application effect in actual bone drilling processes.

[0074] To better illustrate the working process of the ring-shaped bone drill, the following describes a bone drilling method based on the aforementioned ring-shaped bone drill, as an embodiment of this specification. Figure 10 As shown, the bone drilling method based on a ring-shaped bone drill includes the following specific implementation steps.

[0075] S1010: Fix the head end of the anchoring mechanism to the area to be drilled.

[0076] Before performing a bone drilling operation, it is necessary to first determine the area to be drilled. The area to be drilled is the bone tissue that needs to be drilled from the patient. For example, when neurosurgery is required, based on the patient's lesion area and the distribution of nerves and blood vessels, the insertion path of the surgical instruments can be determined in advance, and then the corresponding area to be drilled can be determined on the surface of the skull.

[0077] The size of the area to be drilled can be set according to the actual application requirements. Correspondingly, different outer diameter annular hollow drill rods can be selected according to different sizes of the area to be drilled.

[0078] After determining the area to be drilled, the head end of the anchoring mechanism can be fixed to the area. The fixing method can be based on the type of insertion structure of the anchoring mechanism head end. For example, if the anchoring mechanism head end has a threaded structure, the anchoring mechanism can be directly screwed into the area to be drilled; if the anchoring mechanism head end has a barbed structure, the anchoring mechanism head end can be hooked onto the area to be drilled.

[0079] In some embodiments, preferably, a pre-hole can be drilled in the area to be drilled based on the drilling direction. Because the pre-hole opening is relatively small, drilling resistance is low, and the hole is less prone to slippage and deviation, making it suitable for situations requiring high directional accuracy. Then, the head of the anchoring mechanism can be directly inserted into the pre-hole. If the head of the anchoring mechanism has a barb structure, it can be directly hooked onto the bottom of the pre-hole, thus fixing the anchoring mechanism in place. Simultaneously, the directional nature of the pre-hole itself can correct the directional nature of the anchoring mechanism, ensuring the accuracy of the subsequent drilling direction.

[0080] S1020: The anchoring mechanism is inserted into the annular hollow drill rod and fixed by the clamping member in the lifting mechanism; the lifting mechanism includes a pushing member and a clamping member; the pushing member and the clamping member are slidably assembled.

[0081] After fixing the anchoring mechanism, it can be inserted into the annular hollow drill rod. Since the head end of the anchoring mechanism is already fixed in the area to be drilled, the annular hollow drill rod can be slipped onto the tail end of the anchoring mechanism. The inner diameter of the annular hollow drill rod is larger than the outer diameter of the anchoring mechanism, allowing the anchoring mechanism to slide within the annular hollow drill rod. Inserting the anchoring mechanism into the annular hollow drill rod, ensuring that the axes of the anchoring mechanism and the annular hollow drill rod coincide, not only guarantees the downward advancement of the annular hollow drill rod based on the overall structure of the device during subsequent bone drilling, but also guides the annular hollow drill rod to drill in the correct direction by pre-fixing the orientation of the anchoring mechanism to the correct drilling direction.

[0082] After the anchoring mechanism is installed, its tail can be further fixed to the clamping component of the lifting mechanism. Because the length of the anchoring mechanism is greater than the length of the annular hollow drill rod, the rear half of the anchoring mechanism will protrude from the annular hollow drill rod. The tail of the anchoring mechanism can be fixed using the corresponding structure of the clamping component. For example, as... Figure 8 As shown, the embedded part of the tail of the anchoring mechanism can be placed into the groove of the clamping member. When the inner diameter of the groove is larger than the outer diameter of the embedded part but smaller than the outer diameter of the anchoring mechanism rod, the effective fixation of the anchoring mechanism by the groove can be guaranteed.

[0083] The lifting and pushing mechanism includes a propulsion component and a clamping component. The propulsion component and the clamping component are slidably assembled, meaning that the propulsion component can slide on the clamping component in a certain direction. In specific applications, the sliding direction can correspond to the drilling direction.

[0084] To achieve sliding assembly, the pusher may include at least one slide rod, which can be a cylindrical structure of uniform diameter. Correspondingly, the clamping member may have openings corresponding to the slide rod, the number and position of which correspond to the slide rod to ensure that the slide rod can be inserted into the corresponding opening. Accordingly, the clamping member can slide on the pusher based on the slide rod. Figure 8 In the example shown, preferably, the pusher includes two slide rods that are inserted into openings in the clamping member, allowing the pusher to slide up and down based on the slide rods. By incorporating two slide rods into the pusher, both structural simplicity and overall stability of the lifting mechanism are ensured.

[0085] In practical applications, sliding assembly can also be achieved through other means, such as sliding the clamping part on the pushing part through gear sliding or magnetic suction modules. It is not limited to the above examples, and will not be elaborated here.

[0086] The propulsion component is tractably connected to the annular hollow drill rod or the power module. Specifically, the propulsion component can be fitted against the tail end of the annular hollow drill rod, or, when the power module is fixed to the annular hollow drill rod, the propulsion component can be fitted against the surface of the power module. Figure 4 As shown, when the tail end of the propulsion component is pressed, a downward force is also exerted on the power module and the annular hollow drill rod.

[0087] Once step S1020 is completed, the overall assembly of the ring drill is finished. Subsequent steps mainly involve specific drilling operations and drill stop control.

[0088] S1030: Apply a counterforce to the lifting mechanism; the counterforce is used to lift the anchoring mechanism based on the clamping member and to advance the annular hollow drill rod clamping member based on the propulsion member.

[0089] When drilling is required, opposing forces, i.e., forces of equal magnitude but opposite direction, can be applied to the clamping and propulsion components.

[0090] The method of applying the counterforce can be set based on the actual application, for example, such as... Figure 1 As shown, an elastic structure can be provided between the propulsion member and the clamping member. When stretched, the elastic structure deforms and exerts opposing forces on the propulsion member and the clamping member through its deformation, thus achieving the effect of applying counter-forces. Furthermore, since the elastic structure is the primary agent for applying the counter-forces, the applied forces are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

[0091] Alternatively, a motor module can be directly installed in the middle of the propulsion mechanism to apply the counterforce, achieving the same technical effect. In practical applications, other types of modules can also be used to apply the counterforce as needed, and the method is not limited to the above implementation, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0092] In some embodiments, the lifting and pushing mechanism can be held by an operator. Based on the structural characteristics of the lifting and pushing mechanism, the operator can place their index and middle fingers on the clamping member and press their thumb on the pushing member, thereby applying a downward drilling force to the pushing member and an outward pulling force to the clamping member. Alternatively, if an elastic structure is provided between the clamping member and the pushing member, an inward squeezing force can be applied to both the clamping member and the pushing member based on the deformation characteristics of the elastic structure itself.

[0093] Because the opposing forces between the clamping and pushing components are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, when one force decreases, the other force will also decrease accordingly; when one force disappears, the other force will also disappear.

[0094] S1040: The rotation of the annular hollow drill rod is controlled by the power module.

[0095] The tail end of the annular hollow drill rod can be fixed to the power module, which can provide the corresponding driving force to drive the annular hollow drill rod to rotate and complete the bone drilling operation.

[0096] Preferably, the power module can be a matching motor device, which can directly drive the annular hollow drill rod to rotate after the motor device is turned on, thereby completing the cutting of bone tissue.

[0097] In addition, based on the need for ease of application, the power module can also be a human-powered module such as a flexible shaft or a rocker arm. The flexible shaft can be wound around the annular hollow drill rod, and the rotation of the annular hollow drill rod can be controlled by pulling the flexible shaft. The rocker arm can be fixed by connecting to the annular hollow drill rod, and the rotation of the robotic arm can drive the rotation of the annular hollow drill rod.

[0098] In practical applications, the type of power module can be adjusted according to specific needs, and is not limited to the example above, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0099] In some implementations, a trephine reciprocating structure can be provided between the toroidal hollow drill rod and the power module. The trephine reciprocating structure controls the toroidal hollow drill rod to drill in an oscillating manner. Normally, the power module can only control the toroidal hollow drill rod to rotate continuously, but continuous rotation can easily damage soft tissue when the drill tip contacts it. The trephine reciprocating structure converts the rotational force of the power module into oscillation within a certain range, thereby controlling the toroidal hollow drill rod to drill in an oscillating manner. In oscillating mode, the toroidal hollow drill rod only rotates within a certain angle, effectively cutting hard tissues such as bone. When it encounters soft tissue, because soft tissue can undergo recoverable deformation to a certain extent, the oscillating mode of the toroidal hollow drill rod will not cause damage to the soft tissue, further reducing the risk of injury to the patient during bone drilling.

[0100] As the annular hollow drill rod rotates, the pressure applied to it enables the drill rod to penetrate bone tissue. For example, if the tip of the annular hollow drill rod has a serrated structure, it can effectively cut bone tissue, thereby achieving the bone drilling process.

[0101] It should be noted that, in order to ensure the best drilling results, steps S1030-S1040 can be executed in that order. However, executing step S1040 first and then step S1030 will also complete the drilling process. There is no restriction on this.

[0102] S1050: After drilling through the area to be drilled, the bone tissue inside the annular drill is separated from the overall bone tissue and is lifted out by the anchoring mechanism, so that the propulsion component loses the force that propels the annular hollow drill rod downward.

[0103] Because the lifting and pushing mechanism applies a counterforce, before the area to be drilled is penetrated, the local bone sample corresponding to the size of the internal space of the circumferential drill bit is always attached to the overall bone tissue. This part of the bone sample is also attached to the anchoring mechanism. When the anchoring mechanism is fixed by the clamping component, the clamping component can always maintain a certain upward lifting force. Correspondingly, the pushing component can always apply the same downward pressing force to ensure that the annular hollow drill rod can drill downward.

[0104] After drilling through the area to be drilled, the bone tissue inside the treble drill, specifically the bone tissue corresponding to the internal dimensions of the treble drill, separates from the overall bone tissue. Since the head of the anchoring mechanism is fixed to this part of the bone tissue, the anchoring mechanism and this part of the bone tissue are pulled out by the upward pulling force of the clamping member. At this time, the force applied to the clamping member is only equal to the weight of the anchoring mechanism and the clamping member, which is very small and negligible compared to the drilling process. Correspondingly, based on the characteristics of the opposing force, the pressing force applied to the advance member also decreases instantaneously to a negligible level. That is, the moment drilling is completed, the annular hollow drill rod loses the force that allows it to continue drilling downwards, thus effectively stopping the drilling.

[0105] In addition, because the bone tissue inside the trephine is fixed to the anchoring mechanism, it ensures that the bone sample cut out during bone drilling will not fall into the patient's brain, thus ensuring the safety of the bone drilling process.

[0106] Preferably, the power module may also be equipped with a pressure control switch. The pressure control switch can be located at the contact point between the propeller and the power module. The pressure control switch can be a combination of a pressure sensing module and a control module. The pressure control switch senses the pressure exerted by the propeller on the power module through a pressure sensing module, such as a force-sensitive resistor. The control module can control the start and stop of the power module based on the magnitude of the contact pressure.

[0107] During drilling, when a counterforce is applied to the lifting mechanism, the propulsion component inevitably exerts a downward pushing force on the power module. When the pressure control switch senses that the applied pressure exceeds a preset threshold, it controls the power module to start, thereby rotating the annular hollow drill rod to begin drilling. Once drilling is complete, based on the aforementioned process, the downward pushing force of the propulsion component rapidly decreases. When the pressure control switch senses that the contact pressure is less than the preset threshold, it automatically controls the power module to stop working, thus achieving the simultaneous stopping of the annular hollow drill rod's rotation upon drilling completion. The threshold value can be set according to the differentiation between the force applied during drilling and upon completion in practical applications, and is not limited in this respect.

[0108] It should be noted that the aforementioned ring-shaped bone drill and the bone drilling method based on the ring-shaped bone drill can be applied to the field of medical technology, as well as to other technical fields, without any limitation.

[0109] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, system embodiments are basically similar to method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments. In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments in this specification. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0110] Although the process described above includes multiple operations that occur in a specific order, it should be clearly understood that these processes may include more or fewer operations, which may be executed sequentially or in parallel (e.g., using parallel processors or a multithreaded environment).

[0111] Any numerical values ​​cited herein include all values ​​ranging from a lower limit to an upper limit, increasing by one unit, with at least two units between any lower and any higher value. For example, if the quantity of a component or a process variable (e.g., temperature, pressure, time, etc.) is described as ranging from 1 to 90, preferably from 20 to 80, more preferably from 30 to 70, it is intended to illustrate that values ​​such as 15 to 85, 22 to 68, 43 to 51, 30 to 32 are also explicitly listed in this specification. For values ​​less than 1, a unit is appropriately considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, etc. These are merely examples intended for explicit expression, and it can be assumed that all possible combinations of values ​​listed between the minimum and maximum values ​​are similarly explicitly stated in this specification.

[0112] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

[0113] All articles and references disclosed herein, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference for various purposes. The term “substantially constitutes…” used to describe a combination should include the identified elements, components, parts, or steps, as well as other elements, components, parts, or steps that do not substantially affect the essential novelty of the combination. The use of the terms “comprising” or “including” to describe combinations of elements, components, parts, or steps herein also contemplates embodiments substantially constituted by such elements, components, parts, or steps. The use of the term “may” herein is intended to indicate that any described attribute included by “may” is optional.

[0114] Multiple elements, components, parts, or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, component, part, or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, part, or step can be divided into multiple separate elements, components, parts, or steps. The use of "a" or "an" to describe an element, component, part, or step does not imply the exclusion of other elements, components, parts, or steps.

[0115] It should be understood that the above description is for illustrative purposes and not for limitation. Many embodiments and applications beyond the provided examples will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. For purposes of completeness, all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference.

Claims

1. A ring-shaped bone drill, characterized in that, It includes annular hollow drill pipe, anchoring mechanism, lifting and pushing mechanism, and power module; The anchoring mechanism is inserted into the annular hollow drill rod; The lifting mechanism includes a pushing component and a clamping component; the clamping component is used to fix the anchoring mechanism; the pushing component is tractably connected to the annular hollow drill rod; the pushing component and the clamping component are slidably assembled through an elastic structure or a sliding rod; The lifting and pushing mechanism is used to lift the anchoring mechanism based on the clamping member and advance the annular hollow drill rod based on the pushing member when a counterforce is applied; the counterforce includes a downward pushing force and an upward pulling force, the downward pushing force is applied to the pushing member, the upward pulling force is applied to the clamping member, and the two forces are always equal in magnitude; The power module is used to provide rotational power for the annular hollow drill rod.

2. The annular bone drill as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The head end of the anchoring mechanism is a shovel-type structure; the shovel-type structure is used to fix the anchoring mechanism on the area to be drilled; the shovel-type structure includes a threaded structure or a barbed structure.

3. The annular bone drill as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The head end of the anchoring mechanism is used to fix the anchoring mechanism to the pre-hole in the area to be drilled.

4. The annular bone drill as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The sluice-insertion structure is also used to remove the bone tissue of the area to be drilled by attaching it to the head end of the anchoring mechanism after drilling the area using an annular hollow drill rod.

5. The annular bone drill as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic structure is used to apply a counterforce to the lifting mechanism.

6. The annular bone drill as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The head end of the annular hollow drill rod has a serrated structure.

7. The annular bone drill as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A reciprocating ring drill structure is provided between the power module and the annular hollow drill rod; the reciprocating ring drill structure is used to control the annular hollow drill rod to drill in an oscillating manner.

8. The annular bone drill as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power module includes one of the following: a motor, a flexible shaft, a rocker arm, a steam turbine, and a clockwork.

9. The annular bone drill as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power module is also equipped with a pressure control switch; the pressure control switch is set based on the contact position between the propulsion component and the power module; the pressure control switch is used to control the start and stop of the power module according to the magnitude of the contact pressure.

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