A method and tooling for dual plane part assembly enabling part interchange

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of aircraft assembly manufacturing, and relates to a method and tooling for assembling double-marginal parts and realizing part interchange. The present application can solve the problem of realizing part interchange in the assembly of double-marginal parts, and can make the state of the cylindrical skin and the detachable cover, which should be affected by part machining precision and product positioning precision, fixed at a theoretical position by tooling, make the shape of the detachable cover consistent, and make a theoretical hole position on the detachable cover. Through this method, the position, shape and hole position of the above two parts can be kept consistent on each product, and the interchange function of the detachable cover is realized. The original complex process of replacing the cover is simplified to direct replacement using spare parts, which greatly saves manpower, physical resources and financial resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aircraft assembly and manufacturing technology, and relates to a method and tooling for assembling double-margin parts to achieve part interchangeability. Background Technology

[0002] In modern aircraft assembly and manufacturing processes, many parts are required to be interchangeable or practically interchangeable. However, due to the accumulation of positioning errors and manufacturing errors, achieving interchangeability is not easy.

[0003] The aircraft fuselage structure utilizes a combination and structural form of fixedly connected cylindrical skin and removable hatches; see details below. Figure 1 The skin and caps have significant curvature and are mostly sheet metal parts. The assembly and manufacturing process needs to consider both the machining accuracy of the parts and the coordination of the assembly. Due to these factors, the edges of mating parts have allowances, and the final product's seam quality is ensured through mutual fitting during assembly. On the other hand, due to fitting requirements during cap assembly, guide holes cannot be raised; holes must be drilled after fitting. The drilling method involves drawing lines, which introduces some error and cannot guarantee consistent hole positions across all parts.

[0004] During flight, removable covers, due to their function, are susceptible to impact from other structures. If the impact reaches a certain point, the removable cover needs to be removed and replaced with a new one. This process requires refitting and re-drilling, making replacement extremely difficult and impacting the aircraft's normal takeoff and landing, as well as flight operations. Because there is a large margin around the mating parts, the assembly process requires adjustments to ensure coordination, and rapid interchangeability is currently not possible, representing a significant technical challenge in aircraft assembly.

[0005] The assembly process is briefly described below: After the product support frame is installed, the cylindrical skin is manually positioned. The cylindrical skin needs to be fully unfolded and fitted to the support frame. The relative position of the skin and the frame is marked on the frame with positioning lines according to the drawing values. Because the boundary is not clear, the error value is about 0-1mm. After positioning, the allowance is adjusted and then installed. After the cylindrical skin is installed, the removable cover is positioned. The removable cover is positioned according to the position of the cylindrical skin, and then the allowance is adjusted. The theoretical gap between the removable cover and the cylindrical skin is 0-1mm. In summary, the error value of the removable cover is 0-2mm, and the theoretical position cannot be guaranteed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides an assembly method that enables interchangeability of parts under double margin assembly, and a tooling with auxiliary positioning and hole-making functions.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A method for assembling double-margin parts to achieve part interchangeability includes the following steps:

[0009] The theoretical position is conveyed by the shape of the tooling. The positioning process of the cylindrical skin uses the tooling to determine the theoretical position. The shape of the detachable cover is determined by the tooling. The accuracy of the holes on the detachable cover is determined by the drilling jig. The gap value of the joint is fixed by the structural characteristics of the tooling.

[0010] Step 1: Positioning fixture. The positioning reference is the supporting frame structure, the structure of which is shown below. Figure 5 ;

[0011] Step 2: Position the cylindrical skin. Use the upper edge of the tooling step to simulate the theoretical edge position for positioning. After positioning, trim the edge of the cylindrical skin according to the theoretical position. See the example below. Figure 6 ;

[0012] Step 3: Riveting the inner skin;

[0013] Step 4: Fit the cover under the fixture according to the lower edge of the theoretical step of the fixture, place the detachable cover under the fixture, and make the initial hole on the cover.

[0014] Step 5: Assembly on the frame, making the final hole, countersinking, and installation.

[0015] The tooling structure is as follows:

[0016] This tooling consists of a fitting plate, a positioning plate, screws, a fixing drill bushing, spring washers, and cylindrical pins. The structure is shown below. Figure 2 .

[0017] The fitting plate is designed to fit the excess material of the removable cover according to its shape. The edge of the fitting plate is stepped with a step height difference of 0.5mm. The removable cover is recessed with the step. The purpose of this design is to control the gap between the cylindrical skin and the removable cover to a fixed value of 0.5mm. The fitting plate has mounting holes for fixing bushings, cylindrical pin holes for positioning and mounting, and screw holes.

[0018] The positioning plate is connected to the fitting plate by screws and cylindrical pins. Its positioning is achieved by the fit between its shape and the supporting frame. See the structure below. Figure 4 .

[0019] The aforementioned fixed drill bushing is used to drill the bolt holes on the detachable cap after it has been installed.

[0020] The screws and cylindrical pins are used for connections between structures, and the spring washers are used to prevent the screws from loosening.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0022] This invention solves the problem of achieving part interchangeability in the assembly of double-margin parts. The cylindrical skin and detachable cover, whose states are normally affected by part machining accuracy and product positioning accuracy, are fixed in their theoretical positions using tooling. This ensures the detachable cover maintains a consistent shape and that theoretical holes are machined on the cover. Through this method, the position, shape, and hole positions of these two parts remain consistent across all products, achieving the interchangeability of the detachable cover. The original complex process of replacing the cover is simplified to direct replacement using spare parts, significantly saving manpower, physical resources, and financial resources. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 It is a diagram showing the fit and structure of the cylindrical skin and the detachable cover;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the use of cylindrical pin holes and screw holes for positioning and installation.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the positioning plate;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the structural form of the tooling.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a positioning diagram for the cylindrical skin;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the repair of the detachable cap and the making of holes.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Repair plate; 2. Positioning plate; 3. Screw; 4. Fixing drill bushing; 5. Spring washer; 6. Cylindrical pin. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are based on the inventive technical solution and provide detailed implementation methods and specific implementation processes. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation examples. Specific implementation schemes:

[0032] A method for assembling double-margin parts to achieve part interchangeability includes the following steps:

[0033] The theoretical position is conveyed by the shape of the tooling. The positioning process of the cylindrical skin uses the tooling to determine the theoretical position. The shape of the detachable cover is determined by the tooling. The accuracy of the holes on the detachable cover is determined by the drilling jig. The gap value of the joint is fixed by the structural characteristics of the tooling.

[0034] Step 1: Positioning fixture. The positioning reference is the supporting frame structure, the structure of which is shown below. Figure 5 ;

[0035] Step 2: Position the cylindrical skin. Use the upper edge of the tooling step to simulate the theoretical edge position for positioning. After positioning, trim the edge of the cylindrical skin according to the theoretical position. See the example below. Figure 6 ;

[0036] Step 3: Riveting the inner skin;

[0037] Step 4: Fit the cover under the fixture according to the lower edge of the theoretical step of the fixture, place the detachable cover under the fixture, and make the initial hole on the cover.

[0038] Step 5: Assembly on the frame, making the final hole, countersinking, and installation.

[0039] The tooling structure is as follows:

[0040] This tooling consists of a fitting plate 1, a positioning plate 2, screws 3, a fixing drill bushing 4, spring washers 5, and cylindrical pins 6. The structure is shown below. Figure 2 .

[0041] The fitting plate 1 is fitted to fit the excess of the detachable cover according to its shape. The edge of the fitting plate 1 is stepped, with a step height difference of 0.5mm. The detachable cover is recessed with the step. The purpose of this design is to control the gap between the cylindrical skin and the detachable cover to a fixed value of 0.5mm. The fitting plate 1 has mounting holes for fixing bushings, not all holes on the part, cylindrical pin holes for positioning and installation, and screw holes.

[0042] The positioning plate 2 is connected to the fitting plate 1 by screws 3 and cylindrical pins 6. Its positioning is achieved by the fit between its shape and the supporting frame. See the structure below. Figure 4 .

[0043] The fixed drill sleeve 4 is used to drill the bolt holes on the detachable cover after it is installed.

[0044] The screws 3 and cylindrical pins 6 are used for connection between structures, and the spring washers 5 are used to prevent the screws from loosening.

Claims

1. A method for dual-metric part assembly enabling part interchange, characterized by, The steps are as follows: The positioning process of the cylindrical skin is determined by the tooling theoretical position, the detachable cover is determined by the tooling shape state, the hole position on the detachable cover is determined by the drill jig precision, and the gap value between the seams is fixed by the tooling structure characteristics; Step 1: Positioning tooling, positioning reference is the support frame structure; Step 2: Positioning the cylindrical skin, using the edge step upper edge of the tooling to simulate the theoretical edge position for positioning, and after positioning, the edge of the cylindrical skin is repaired according to the theoretical position; Step 3: Riveting the inner skin; Step 4: Repairing the cover under the frame according to the tooling theoretical edge step lower edge, placing the detachable cover on the lower part of the tooling, and making a preliminary hole on the cover; Step 5: Assembling on the frame, making a final hole, dimpling, and installing; The tooling structure form is as follows: The tooling is composed of a repairing plate (1), a positioning plate (2), a screw (3), a fixed drill sleeve (4), a spring washer (5), and a cylindrical pin (6); The repairing plate (1) is used to repair the excess of the detachable cover according to its shape, and the repairing plate (1) has a fixed bushing mounting hole, a cylindrical pin hole for positioning and mounting, and a screw hole; The positioning plate (2) is connected to the repairing plate (1) by the screw (3) and the cylindrical pin (6), and realizes the positioning of the tooling by relying on the cooperation of its shape and the support frame; The fixed drill sleeve (4) is used to drill the bolt hole on the cover after the detachable cover is installed.

2. A method for enabling interchangeability of parts for two-dimensional part assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The repairing plate (1) is used to repair the excess of the detachable cover according to its shape, and the edge of the repairing plate (1) is in a stepped shape.

3. A method for two-dimensional parts assembly enabling parts interchange as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein, The height difference of the step of the repairing plate (1) is 0.5mm, and the detachable cover is flush with the step.

4. A method for enabling interchangeability of parts for dual balance part assembly as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein, The screw (3) and the cylindrical pin (6) are used for the connection between structures, and the spring washer (5) is used for screw anti-loosening.

5. A method for two-dimensional parts assembly enabling parts interchange as claimed in claim 3 wherein, The screw (3) and the cylindrical pin (6) are used for the connection between structures, and the spring washer (5) is used for screw anti-loosening.

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