Laser processing method and apparatus for pcd micro-drill based on chemical reactant jetting assistance

Abstract

The application provides a PCD micro drill laser processing method based on chemical reactant injection assistance, and relates to the technical field of PCD micro drill laser processing technology. The method comprises the following steps: S1, welding a PCD drill tip and a hard alloy drill handle together to obtain a PCD micro drill cutter blank; S2, clamping the blank in an ultrafast laser processing module; S3, grooving, sharpening and edge cleaning of the blank are carried out by the ultrafast laser, and metal chemical reactants and catalyst powder are injected to the surface of the blank at the same time, so as to accelerate the chemical reaction of the diamond on the blank to form carbide and accelerate the removal rate of the diamond; and S4, the processed blank is subjected to decobalt treatment and cleaning, and the processing is completed. The application also provides a device for implementing the PCD micro drill laser processing method based on chemical reactant injection assistance. According to the application, the laser processing efficiency of the PCD micro drill is higher.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of PCD micro drill laser processing, in particular to a PCD micro drill laser processing method and device based on chemical reactant spraying assistance. BACKGROUND

[0002] A drill bit is an essential tool for drilling processing, and a micro drill refers to a drill bit with a diameter of less than 1 mm. In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, hard and brittle materials such as engineering ceramics and monocrystalline silicon are widely used in the aerospace, semiconductor and 3C electronic industries, and there is a large demand for micro hole processing. These materials are typical difficult-to-machine materials due to their high hardness and brittleness, and their hardness is close to that of hard alloy tool materials, so that the hard alloy micro drill has problems such as fast tool wear and poor hole precision when processing these hard and brittle materials. The hardness of PCD tool material is close to that of natural diamond, and it can be used for processing these hard and brittle materials. PCD micro drills have great application demand in the micro hole processing of these hard and brittle materials. Compared with grinding and electrical discharge machining, laser processing has unique advantages in superhard material processing, and it not only has no grinding force, but also can easily realize efficient processing of complex structures such as spiral grooves combined with a multi-axis motion system.

[0003] Traditional laser processing directly focuses a laser beam on the surface of a PCD micro drill. At high temperatures under the action of the laser, diamond particles are graphitized, and the diamond is removed in the form of graphitization. However, the heat-affected zone of industrial nanosecond laser is large, which can easily cause large thermal damage zones and residual stress on the surface of the PCD micro drill, and can also cause thermal cracks on the surface, affecting the performance of the PCD micro drill. The heat-affected zone of picosecond, femtosecond and other ultrafast lasers is small, which is very suitable for processing PCD micro drills. However, due to the low laser absorption rate of PCD materials, the processing efficiency is relatively low, which limits the processing efficiency of PCD micro drills. SUMMARY

[0004] The application discloses a PCD micro drill laser processing method based on chemical reactant spraying assistance, which is convenient to operate and aims to improve the low processing efficiency in the existing PCD micro drill laser processing technology.

[0005] The application adopts the following scheme: a PCD micro drill laser processing method based on chemical reactant spraying assistance, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1, welding a PCD drill tip and a hard alloy drill shank together to obtain a PCD micro drill tool blank;

[0007] S2, clamping the blank in an ultrafast laser processing module;

[0008] S3, the blank is slotted, sharpened and edge cleaned by the ultrafast laser, and metal chemical reactants and catalyst powder are sprayed to the surface of the blank to accelerate the chemical reaction of the diamond on the blank to form carbide and accelerate the removal rate of the diamond;

[0009] S4, the processed blank is subjected to decobalt treatment and cleaning, and the processing is completed.

[0010] Further, the metal chemical reactant is Fe or Ti or a mixture of Fe and Ti.

[0011] Further, the catalyst powder is Co or Ni or a mixture of Co and Ni.

[0012] The application also provides a device for implementing the PCD micro drill laser processing method based on chemical reactant spraying assistance according to any one of the preceding embodiments, comprising a material loading module, a spraying module, an ultrafast laser processing module and a decobalt treatment module, wherein the material loading module is used to grasp the prepared blank to the ultrafast laser processing module for fixation, the ultrafast laser processing module is suitable for processing the blank in the slotting, sharpening and edge cleaning processes, the spraying module is used to spray the metal chemical and catalyst powder to the blank, and the decobalt treatment module is suitable for decobalt treatment of the PCD micro drill after the ultrafast laser processing module is processed.

[0013] Further, the truss manipulator is used to grasp the blank and move to a specified position.

[0014] Further, the spraying module comprises a container and a spraying pipeline, one end of the spraying pipeline extends into the container, and the other end faces the PCD micro drill of the blank in the ultrafast laser processing module, so as to spray the metal chemical and catalyst in the container to the PCD micro drill.

[0015] Further, the laser processing module comprises a five-axis machine tool motion system and an ultrafast laser, and the ultrafast laser is connected to the five-axis machine tool motion system to realize laser processing of the PCD micro drill through five-axis motion.

[0016] Further, the decobalt treatment module comprises a decobalt tank and a cleaning tank, the decobalt tank contains decobalt liquid, and the cleaning tank contains cleaning liquid.

[0017] Advantages:

[0018] In the ultrafast laser processing of PCD micro-drills, Fe, Ti, Co, Ni and other metal chemical reactants and catalyst powders are sprayed simultaneously. Among them, Fe and Ti react with diamond to form carbides, which accelerates the removal rate of diamond. At the same time, Co and Ni catalysts play a catalytic role, which strongly catalyzes the graphitization process of diamond, accelerates the graphitization process of diamond, and greatly improves the ultrafast laser processing efficiency of PCD materials. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the processing flow of the PCD micro-drill laser processing method based on chemical reactant jetting assisted according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the device used to realize the PCD micro-drill laser processing method based on chemical reactant jetting according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Icons: Base 1; Loading box 2; Gantry robot 3; Container 4; Spray pipe 5; Metal chemical reactant and catalyst powder 6; X-axis 7; Y-axis 8; Fourth axis 9; Fifth axis 10; Blank 11; PCD drill tip 111; Ultrafast laser 12; Z-axis 13; Cobalt removal box 14; Cleaning box 15; Unloading box 16. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Example 1

[0023] Combination Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a PCD micro-drill laser processing method based on chemical reactant jetting assistance, characterized by the following steps:

[0024] S1. Weld the PCD drill tip 111 to the carbide drill shank to obtain the PCD micro-drill blank 11.

[0025] S2. Place the blank 11 into the ultrafast laser processing module and clamp it;

[0026] S3. While grooving, sharpening and cleaning the blank 11 with an ultrafast laser, metal chemical reactants and catalyst powder 6 are sprayed onto the surface of the blank 11 to accelerate the chemical reaction of diamond on the blank 11 to form carbides and accelerate the diamond removal rate.

[0027] S4. The processed blank 11 is subjected to cobalt removal treatment and cleaned to complete the processing.

[0028] In this embodiment, the drill tip of the PCD micro-drill blank 11 is made of PCD material, and the drill shank is made of cemented carbide. The PCD material drill tip and the cemented carbide drill shank are welded together to obtain the PCD micro-drill blank 11. During welding, the PCD micro-drill is welded using a high-frequency induction brazing method, with silver-copper brazing filler metal as the flux and argon gas as the protective gas to avoid oxidation problems during the welding process. After optimizing the welding parameters, a welding temperature of 790℃, a holding time of 15s, and a welding pressure of 2MPa can be used to obtain a welding strength of 240MPa. The metal chemical reactant is Fe or Ti or a mixture of Fe and Ti, but is not limited to these. The catalyst powder is Co or Ni or a mixture of Co and Ni, but is not limited to these. Here, Fe, Ti, and other reactants can react with diamond under high laser temperature to form carbides, as shown in formulas (1) and (2):

[0029] (1) 2Fe + C + 2O₂ = 2FeO + CO₂;

[0030] (2) Ti + C = TiC;

[0031] The addition of catalyst powders such as Co and Ni can catalyze the reaction, strongly catalyzing the graphitization process of diamond, accelerating the graphitization process of diamond, and significantly improving the ultrafast laser processing efficiency of PCD materials.

[0032] Meanwhile, the cobalt content in PCD micro-drill materials is a significant cause of chemical wear on PCD tools. To eliminate the adverse effects of cobalt, a cobalt removal treatment is performed after laser machining of the PCD micro-drill. This process removes the cobalt from the surface of the PCD micro-drill, reducing chemical wear during cutting, improving its thermal stability and wear resistance, and enhancing the tool's wear resistance. This cobalt removal treatment can be achieved by immersing the tool in an existing cobalt removal solution, such as a mixture of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrogen peroxide.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] This embodiment provides an apparatus for implementing the PCD micro-drill laser processing method based on chemical reactant jetting as described above, including a material loading module, a jetting module, an ultrafast laser processing module, and a cobalt removal module. The material loading module is used to grip the prepared blank 11 and fix it on the ultrafast laser processing module. The ultrafast laser processing module is adapted to perform grooving, sharpening, and edge cleaning processes on the blank 11. The jetting module is used to jet the metal chemical and catalyst powder onto the blank 11. The cobalt removal module is adapted to perform cobalt removal treatment on the PCD micro-drill after processing by the ultrafast laser processing module.

[0035] The aforementioned material loading module adopts a gantry robot 3 structure, including the gantry robot 3, the loading box 2, and the unloading box 16, which can realize the automated loading function of PCD micro drills. Here, the gantry robot 3 can move between the loading box 2, the unloading box 16, and the ultrafast laser processing module to remove the blank 11 from the loading box 2, and move it to the unloading box 16 after the blank 11 is processed into a PCD micro drill.

[0036] The spraying module includes a container 4 for holding metal chemical reactants and catalyst powder 6, and a spraying pipe 5. A powder blowing device, such as a pump, can also be installed on the spraying pipe 5 to spray the metal chemical reactants and catalyst powder 6 from the spraying pipe 5. The metal chemical reactants and catalyst powder 6 can be sprayed into the laser processing area. The sprayed metal chemical reactants and catalyst powder 6 can be a single component or a multi-component component.

[0037] The laser processing module includes an existing five-axis machine tool motion system and an ultrafast laser 12. The five-axis machine tool motion system includes a base 1, an X-axis 7, a Y-axis 8, a fourth axis 9, a fifth axis 10, and a Z-axis 13, enabling five-axis motion. The laser processing module performs laser processing of PCD micro-drills, completing processes such as grooving, sharpening, and edge cleaning. The ultrafast laser 12 can be a picosecond laser, etc.

[0038] The cobalt removal module includes a cobalt removal tank 14 and a cleaning tank 15. The cobalt removal tank 14 contains the existing cobalt removal solution, and the cleaning tank 15 contains the cleaning solution. Cobalt removal is performed first, followed by cleaning, to realize the cobalt removal post-processing of PCD micro-drills.

[0039] During operation, the PCD material drill tip is first welded to the carbide drill shank to obtain a PCD micro-drill blank 11. Then, the PCD micro-drill blank 11 is moved to the loading box 2, and a gantry robot 3 picks it up and moves it to the ultrafast laser processing module. After clamping the PCD micro-drill blank 11, metal chemical reactant and catalyst powder 6 is sprayed onto the surface of the blank 11 to assist laser processing. This process includes grooving, tip grinding, and edge cleaning of the PCD micro-drill to remove excess material. This completes the ultrafast laser processing of complex three-dimensional structures such as the drill tip and spiral grooves, achieving high-efficiency all-laser processing of the PCD micro-drill. After laser processing, the gantry robot 3 picks up the PCD micro-drill again and moves it to the cobalt removal treatment device, dissolving the cobalt on the surface of the PCD micro-drill and extending its lifespan. Finally, the gantry robot 3 picks up the cobalt-free PCD micro-drill and moves it to the cleaning tank 15. After cleaning, it picks up the PCD micro-drill again and moves it to the unloading tank 16, completing the PCD micro-drill preparation process.

[0040] It should be understood that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions that fall within the scope of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] The accompanying drawings used in the above description of the embodiments only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

Claims

1. A PCD micro-drill laser processing method based on chemical reactant jetting assistance, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Weld the PCD drill tip to the carbide drill shank to obtain a PCD micro-drill blank. S2. Place the blank into the ultrafast laser processing module and clamp it; S3. While grooving, sharpening, and edge-cleaning the blank using an ultrafast laser, metal chemical reactants and catalyst powders are sprayed onto the blank surface to accelerate the chemical reaction of diamond on the blank to form carbides and speed up the diamond removal rate; wherein, the metal chemical reactant is Fe or Ti or a mixture of Fe and Ti; and the catalyst powder is Co or Ni or a mixture of Co and Ni. In this process, the metal chemical reactants react with diamond under high laser temperature to form carbides, as shown in equations (1) and (2) below: (1)2Fe+C+2 =2Fe + ; (2) Ti + C = TiC; Among them, the catalyst powder plays a catalytic role in the chemical reaction, accelerating the graphitization process of diamond; S4. The processed blank is subjected to cobalt removal treatment and cleaned to complete the processing.

2. An apparatus for implementing the PCD micro-drill laser processing method based on chemical reactant jetting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The system includes a material loading module, a spraying module, an ultrafast laser processing module, and a cobalt removal module. The material loading module is used to grip and fix the prepared blank onto the ultrafast laser processing module. The ultrafast laser processing module is suitable for processing the blank by grooving, sharpening, and edge cleaning. The spraying module is used to spray the metal chemical reactants and catalyst powders onto the blank. The cobalt removal module is suitable for removing cobalt from the PCD micro-drill after processing by the ultrafast laser processing module. The spraying module includes a container and a spraying pipe. One end of the spraying pipe extends into the container, and the other end faces the PCD micro-drill of the blank located in the ultrafast laser processing module, so as to spray the metal chemical reactants and catalyst powders in the container onto the PCD micro-drill.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The loading module includes a gantry robot, which is used to grab the blank and move it to a designated position.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The laser processing module includes a five-axis machine tool motion system and an ultrafast laser. The ultrafast laser is connected to the five-axis machine tool motion system to achieve laser processing of PCD micro-drills through five-axis motion.

5. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cobalt removal module includes a cobalt removal tank and a cleaning tank. The cobalt removal tank contains a cobalt removal solution, and the cleaning tank contains a cleaning solution.

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