A multi-stage friction variable-damping oil damper and shock absorption method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of shock absorption, and particularly relates to a multistage friction variable-damping oil damper and a shock absorption method. The multistage friction variable-damping oil damper comprises a main cylinder, a secondary cylinder and a shock absorption assembly; the main cylinder and the secondary cylinder are connected, the main cylinder has a first cavity, the secondary cylinder has a second cavity, and the inner wall cross section of the main cylinder changes along the axial direction; the shock absorption assembly comprises a piston and a slider, the piston is provided with a first damping hole, the slider is provided with a second damping hole, a groove is arranged on the piston peripheral wall, the slider is installed in the groove, and a pre-pressing spring is arranged on the slider and the groove bottom, the pre-pressing spring can push the slider to move away from the piston and make the second damping hole exposed from the groove. According to the present application, the building safety can be further improved by matching different damper outputs under different earthquake inputs, the multistage response control of the structure is realized, and the structure is simple and reliable.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of shock absorption, in particular to a multi-stage friction variable damping oil damper and a shock absorption method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The information disclosed in this Background section is only for the purpose of increasing an understanding of the general background of the application and does not necessarily constitute an admission or a recognition that the information forms part of the prior art that is already known in any jurisdiction.

[0003] Earthquakes often cause damage to buildings, bridges, roads and other infrastructure, especially when the earthquake magnitude is large or the epicenter is close, the damage can be more serious; earthquake vibration can also cause damage to building structures, such as damage to parts of brick walls, columns, beams and roofs; In order to reduce earthquake damage, the design and construction of buildings and infrastructure need to consider earthquake risk and take appropriate protective measures, such as using seismic structures, shock absorption technology, earthquake monitoring and warning systems, etc.

[0004] Shock absorption technology is a technology designed to reduce vibration and shock, commonly used in the fields of vehicles, buildings, bridges and other engineering structures. Dampers are an important part of shock absorption technology, mainly used to reduce the vibration of buildings during earthquakes, thereby reducing the damage of earthquakes to buildings. Dampers can improve the dynamic response of buildings under the action of earthquakes, making them more stable during earthquakes, helping to prevent structural failure and ensuring the safety of buildings.

[0005] For the current common damper, such as oil damper, the output of single oil damper is only related to the speed. Therefore, only one damping force can be achieved in a single stroke, which may result in an undesirable response of the structure under small amplitude vibration when the earthquake is small. The existing multi-stage viscous damper has the problems of complex structure, etc. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a multi-stage friction variable damping oil damper, which can further improve building safety and achieve multi-stage response control of the structure when matching different damper outputs under different earthquake inputs, and the structure is simple and reliable.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the embodiments of the present application provide the following technical solutions:

[0008] A multi-stage friction variable damping oil damper, comprising: a main cylinder, a sub-cylinder and a damping assembly; the main cylinder and the sub-cylinder are connected, the main cylinder has a first chamber, the sub-cylinder has a second chamber, the inner wall of the main cylinder changes along the axial direction, the damping assembly is arranged in the second chamber, the first end of the damping assembly extends from one end of the main cylinder, and the second end of the damping assembly extends from the other end of the main cylinder and is inserted into the second chamber; the damping assembly comprises a piston and a slider, the piston is provided with a first damping hole, the slider is provided with a second damping hole, the piston is provided with a groove, the slider is installed in the groove, and the slider and the groove are provided with a pre-pressing spring, the pre-pressing spring can push the slider to move away from the piston and expose the second damping hole from the groove.

[0009] Optionally, the damping assembly further comprises a guide rod, the first end of the guide rod extends from one end of the main cylinder, the second end of the guide rod extends from the other end of the main cylinder and is inserted into the second chamber, and the piston is sleeved on the guide rod.

[0010] Optionally, the main cylinder is provided with a flange at both ends, the sub-cylinder is also provided with a flange near one end of the main cylinder, and the flange of the main cylinder and the flange of the sub-cylinder are connected by bolts.

[0011] Optionally, the first chamber and the second chamber are filled with damping material, the flanges at both ends of the main cylinder have center holes, the flange of the sub-cylinder also has a center hole, the first end of the guide rod extends out from the center hole of the flange of the main cylinder away from the sub-cylinder, and the second end of the guide rod extends out from the center hole of the flange of the main cylinder close to the sub-cylinder and the center hole of the flange of the sub-cylinder and is inserted into the second chamber.

[0012] Optionally, the groove is arranged along the radial direction of the piston, the slider is arranged in the groove and moves away from the center of the piston along the radial direction under the action of the spring, and the groove has a baffle on both sides along the axial direction of the piston.

[0013] Optionally, the cross section of the slider parallel to the end surface of the piston is in the shape of a rectangle as a whole, and the outer contour surface away from the center of the piston is in the shape of an arc.

[0014] Optionally, the first chamber of the main cylinder has a first section, a second section and a third section along the axial direction, the first section and the third section are in the shape of a cone, the second section is in the shape of a cylinder, the diameter of the second section is the same as the small end diameter of the first section and the third section, and the two ends of the second section are connected with the small ends of the first section and the third section respectively.

[0015] Optionally, the first chamber of the main cylinder comprises a first cylinder segment, a second cylinder segment and a transition segment, the first cylinder segment and the second cylinder segment are alternately and spacedly arranged, the first cylinder segment and the second cylinder segment are connected through the transition segment, the diameter of the first cylinder segment is smaller than the diameter of the second cylinder segment, and the transition segment is a conical cylinder.

[0016] Optionally, a plurality of first damping holes are arranged on the piston and arranged along the axial direction of the piston; a plurality of second damping holes are arranged on the slider and arranged along the axial direction of the piston.

[0017] The damping method using the multi-stage friction variable damping oil damper is also provided, and the damping method comprises the following steps: moving the damping assembly along the axial direction of the main cylinder under the action of an external force; moving the slider along the radial direction of the piston under the double actions of the pre-pressing spring and the inner wall of the main cylinder, so as to change the gap between the damping assembly and the inner wall of the main cylinder and the position of the second damping hole, and automatically adjust the damping force.

[0018] The one or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0019] In the damper, the slider is embedded in the piston, the position of the second damping hole and the cross section of the damping assembly in the main cylinder are changed through the variable cross section of the main cylinder, the cross section sizes of the piston and the slider and the second damping hole control the output size of the damper under different displacements, the damper provides a plurality of damping forces under different displacements, and the multi-stage variable damping characteristics are realized. When different seismic inputs are matched with different damper outputs, the building safety can be further improved, the multi-stage response control of the structure is realized, and the structure is simple and reliable.

[0020] The advantages of the additional aspects of the present application will be given in the following description, some of which will become apparent from the following description, or will be understood through practice of the present application.

[0021] In order to make the above objectives, characteristics and advantages of the present application more apparent and easy to understand, the following preferred embodiments are specifically described below, and the accompanying drawings are used for reference. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide further understanding of the present application, the schematic embodiments of the present application and the description thereof are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute improper limitation on the present application.

[0023] Figure 1 is a sectional view of the damper of the embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic view of the piston of the damper of the embodiment of the present application located at the left side;

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of another main cylinder shape of the damper of an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the compressed state of the slider of an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the extended state of the slider of an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 is Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of A-A in FIG.

[0029] In the figure: 1, main cylinder; 11, first section; 12, second section; 13, third section; 14, first cylindrical section; 15, second cylindrical section; 16, transition section; 2, auxiliary cylinder; 3, damping assembly; 31, guide rod; 32, piston; 321, first damping hole; 322, baffle; 33, slider; 331, second damping hole; 34, pre-pressing spring;

[0030] The mutual spacing or size is exaggerated to show the position of each part, and the schematic diagram is only for illustration. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of a feature, step, operation, device, component, and / or combinations thereof.

[0032] Currently, there are few studies on multi-stage viscous dampers. Patent No. CN 218714057U proposes a variable-damping viscous damper, which realizes the variable-damper characteristic by designing first and second regions with different inner diameters in the first cavity in the main cylinder body. Although this scheme sets different inner diameters to control the damping force, it actually increases the gap between the piston and the inner wall, especially under multiple cavity diameters, the gap increases, the damper leaks, and the damper's energy dissipation capacity is weakened.

[0033] The patent publication number CN212377186U proposes a multi-stage series viscous fluid damper. By setting multiple partitions in the cylinder, the multiple partitions and the oil cylinder form multiple sub-chambers, and the damper medium and the piston are arranged in the multiple sub-chambers respectively, so that the piston rod is blocked by multiple pistons and damper media during movement, thereby improving the overall damping force of the piston rod. The scheme proposes a series connection mode of multiple damping cavities, but does not substantially solve the variable damping problem in a single stroke. In addition, the series connection of multiple cavities limits the deformation stroke of the damper itself, greatly limiting the performance of the damper. And the series connection leads to an excessively large slenderness ratio of the damper, which may cause buckling of the damper.

[0034] The patent publication number CN108825702B proposes a new viscous damper with adjustable damping coefficient. The piston rod is provided with a damping channel connecting the first space and the second space. The damping channel is provided with multiple openings on the surface of the piston rod on both sides of the piston. The openings are closed or opened by the dynamic seal with the displacement of the piston to achieve adjustable damping coefficient. The scheme proposes multiple openings on the guide rod to achieve variable damping coefficient. This measure increases the fragility of the guide rod. Since the piston and the guide rod move relative to each other, the opening of the guide rod cannot be controlled, and the damping coefficient of the damper is chaotic and uncontrollable in design.

[0035] The patent publication number CN103061425B proposes a series and parallel multi-stage valve viscous damping method and damper. The damper is provided with m series pistons, and each piston is provided with a thin-walled small hole valve in parallel in one direction. By adjusting the pressure difference between the two ends of each piston and the flow of each thin-walled small hole valve, the viscous damper generates a damping force in the tensile direction. In this scheme, only one damping force can be achieved in a single stroke, and the multi-stage damping force in a single stroke is not solved.

[0036] The patent publication number CN114922931A proposes a double-stage viscous damper with adjustable damping coefficient. The damper piston is provided with a control valve. By reasonably selecting the control valve, different damping forces with different damping coefficients and damping indexes at different speeds required in actual engineering use can be achieved. However, the pressure valve structure under extremely small space and large pressure is extremely complex.

[0037] In view of the single stroke and single output performance of the current damper, the complex structure of the damper, and other problems, it is necessary to develop a set of damper with different damping coefficients and damper output in a single stroke to achieve multi-stage damping effect. That is, the damper output adaptively changes under different seismic inputs, and the damping force can be controlled by adjusting the piston and the damping hole, and the structure is simple and reliable.

[0038] Based on this, the application provides a multi-stage friction variable damping oil damper, which can realize multi-stage damping effect, that is, the damper output self-adapts to changes under different seismic inputs, and can automatically adjust the damping force controlled by the piston and the damping hole.

[0039] As Figures 1-6 shown, an embodiment of the application provides a multi-stage friction variable damping oil damper, which is used for vibration reduction of ordinary buildings, special structures, bridges and mechanical equipment, and the damper comprises a main cylinder 1, a secondary cylinder 2 and a damping assembly 3; the main cylinder 1 and the secondary cylinder 2 are connected, the main cylinder 1 has a first chamber, the secondary cylinder 2 has a second chamber, the inner wall of the main cylinder 1 changes in cross section along the axial direction, the damping assembly 3 is arranged in the second chamber, a first end of the damping assembly 3 extends from one end of the main cylinder 1, and a second end of the damping assembly 3 extends from the other end of the main cylinder 1 and is inserted into the second chamber; the first chamber and the second chamber are both filled with damping material, the damping material is viscous material such as silicone oil, and the secondary cylinder 2 is used for oil storage and explosion prevention. The terms "first", "second" and the like are only used for description purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" and the like can explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.

[0040] The damping assembly 3 comprises a piston 32 and a sliding block 33, the piston 32 is provided with a first damping hole 321, the sliding block 33 is provided with a second damping hole 331, a groove is arranged on the peripheral wall of the piston 32, the sliding block 33 is installed in the groove, and a pre-pressing spring 34 is arranged on the sliding block 33 and the groove bottom, the pre-pressing spring 34 can push the sliding block 33 to move away from the piston 32 and make the second damping hole 331 exposed from the groove.

[0041] In the damper, the sliding block 33 is embedded in the piston 32, the variable cross section of the main cylinder 1 realizes the change of the cross section of the damping assembly 3 in the main cylinder 1 and the position of the second damping hole 331, the cross section size of the piston 32 and the sliding block 33 and the second damping hole 331 control the damper output size under different displacements, the damper provides multiple damping forces under different displacements, and multi-stage variable damping characteristics are realized. When different damper outputs are matched under different seismic inputs, the building safety can be further improved, multi-stage response control of the structure is realized, and the structure is simple and reliable.

[0042] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the pre-pressing force of the pre-pressing spring 34 is controlled to realize different ejection heights of the piston 32.

[0043] As Figure 1As shown, the shock-absorbing assembly 3 further comprises a guide rod 31, the right end of which extends out of the right end of the master cylinder 1, and the left end of which extends out of the left end of the master cylinder 1 and is inserted into the second chamber, the piston 32 being sleeved on the guide rod 31 and moving axially in the first chamber under the drive of the guide rod 31.

[0044] The master cylinder 1 is provided with flanges at both ends, and the auxiliary cylinder 2 is also provided with a flange near one end of the master cylinder 1, the flanges of the master cylinder 1 and the flange of the auxiliary cylinder 2 being connected by bolts. The flanges at both ends of the master cylinder 1 have central holes, and the flange of the auxiliary cylinder 2 also has a central hole, the right end of the guide rod 31 extending out of the central hole of the flange at the right end of the master cylinder 1, and the left end of the guide rod 31 extending out of the central hole of the flange at the left end of the master cylinder 1 and the central hole of the flange of the auxiliary cylinder 2 and being inserted into the second chamber.

[0045] As shown in Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the groove is arranged along the radial direction of the piston 32, the slider 33 being arranged in the groove and moving away from the center of the piston 32 along the radial direction under the action of the spring, the groove having a baffle 322 on both sides along the axis of the piston 32, the baffles 322 on both sides of the groove of the piston 32 being used to prevent the slider 33 from being deviated under the action of the damping material. Of course, it can be understood that when the spring 34 is in a free state (neither tension nor pressure), part of the slider 33 is still located in the groove to prevent the slider 33 from being taken out of the baffles 322 on both sides of the groove.

[0046] Specifically, the piston 32 is in the shape of a disc as a whole, the disc having a first damping hole 321 for providing damping force, the piston 32 having a square groove for nesting the slider 33, and the piston 32 being fixed to the guide rod 31 through ordinary nuts at both ends. Specifically, the guide rod 31 is provided with external threads, the piston 32 and the nuts being provided with internal threads matched with the external threads of the guide rod, the piston and the nuts being assembled onto the guide rod 31, and the nuts being screwed tightly and fixing the piston 32.

[0047] The slider 33 is in the shape of a rectangle as a whole in the cross section parallel to the end face of the piston 32, and the outer contour surface away from the center of the piston 32 is arc-shaped. Of course, it can be understood that when the size of the damper is small, the slider 33 can be directly provided as a square plate, and the edges of the outer contour of the square plate can be rounded. The slider 33 is nested in the square groove on the piston 32, the slider 33 having a second damping hole 331 for providing damping force, and the slider 33 being connected to the bottom of the groove through the pre-pressing spring 34. When the slider 33 is compressed in the groove, only the first damping hole 321 on the piston 32 plays a role, and when the slider 33 is popped out, the first damping hole 321 on the piston 32 and the second damping hole 331 on the slider 33 jointly play a role.

[0048] The piston 32 is provided with a plurality of first damping holes 321 arranged along the axial direction of the piston 32, and the slider 33 is provided with a plurality of second damping holes 331 arranged along the axial direction of the piston 32. The diameters of the first damping holes 321 on the piston 32 and the second damping holes 331 on the slider 33 can be different, and the variable damping characteristics are achieved by different diameters.

[0049] The main cylinder 1 can have various cross-sectional combinations, or can be a variable curvature cross-section, to provide different damping forces at different displacements.

[0050] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 The first chamber of the main cylinder 1 is sequentially provided with a first section 11, a second section 12 and a third section 13 along the axial direction, the first section 11 and the third section 13 are conical, the second section 12 is cylindrical, the diameter of the second section 12 is the same as the small end diameter of the first section 11 and the third section 13, and the small ends of the first section 11 and the third section 13 are respectively connected to the two ends of the second section 12.

[0051] The damping method (or damping process) of the damper: under the action of external force, the damping assembly 3 moves along the axial direction of the main cylinder 1, and the slider 33 moves along the radial direction of the piston 32 under the double action of the pre-pressing spring 34 and the inner wall of the main cylinder 1, to change the gap between the damping assembly 3 and the inner wall of the main cylinder 1 and the position of the second damping hole 331, and automatically adjust the damping force. Specifically as follows:

[0052] Figure 1 The initial position is that the piston 32 is located at the center of the main cylinder 1, and only the piston 32 interacts with the damping liquid to provide damping force; as the piston 32 moves to the variable cross-section position (i.e. the first section 11 or the second section 12) of the main cylinder 1, as shown in Figure 2 The slider 33 is ejected, the first damping hole 321 on the piston 32 and the second damping hole 331 on the slider 33 jointly interact with the damping liquid to provide damping force; when the piston 32 moves from the variable cross-section position to the center of the main cylinder 1, the slider 33 is compressed into the piston 32, and the slider 33 does not provide damper force, at this time only the piston 32 provides damper force.

[0053] This kind of damper provides two kinds of damping forces at two displacements, i.e. small damping force at small deformation and large damping force at large deformation, and focuses on large damping force at large displacement, and is suitable for large deformation of the isolation layer in the isolation structure and combined use of the isolation bearing.

[0054] In another embodiment, as shown in Figure 3 Figure 3As shown, the first chamber of the master cylinder 1 comprises a first cylinder segment 14, a second cylinder segment 15 and a transition segment 16, the first cylinder segment 14 and the second cylinder segment 15 are alternately and intervally arranged, the first cylinder segment 14 and the second cylinder segment 15 are connected through the transition segment 16, the diameter of the first cylinder segment 14 is smaller than the diameter of the second cylinder segment 15, and the transition segment 16 is a conical cylinder.

[0055] The damper provides variable damping force under multiple displacement deformations, that is, different damping forces are provided under deformation, and is suitable for providing corresponding damping control effects under multiple levels of earthquakes (small earthquakes, medium earthquakes and large earthquakes).

[0056] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present application in combination with the drawings, but is not a limitation on the protection scope of the present application, and those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application without creative labor are still within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-stage friction-variable damping oil damper, characterized in that, include: Master cylinder, auxiliary cylinder, and shock absorber assembly; The main cylinder and the auxiliary cylinder are connected. The main cylinder has a first chamber and the auxiliary cylinder has a second chamber. The cross-section of the inner wall of the main cylinder varies along the axial direction. The damping assembly is disposed in the second chamber. The first end of the damping assembly extends from one end of the main cylinder and the second end of the damping assembly extends from the other end of the main cylinder and is inserted into the second chamber. The damping assembly includes a piston and a slider. The piston has a first damping hole, and the slider has a second damping hole. The piston has a groove on its peripheral wall, and the slider is installed in the groove. A preload spring is provided on the slider and the bottom of the groove. The preload spring can push the slider away from the piston and make the second damping hole protrude from the groove.

2. The multi-stage friction variable damping oil damper as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shock absorption assembly also includes a guide rod, with a first end extending from one end of the main cylinder and a second end extending from the other end of the main cylinder and inserted into the second chamber. The piston is sleeved on the guide rod and moves axially within the first chamber under the drive of the guide rod.

3. The multi-stage friction variable damping oil damper as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The main cylinder has flanges at both ends, and the auxiliary cylinder also has a flange at the end closest to the main cylinder. The flanges of the main cylinder and the auxiliary cylinder are connected by bolts.

4. The multi-stage friction variable damping oil damper as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Both the first and second chambers are filled with damping material. The flanges at both ends of the main cylinder have central holes, and the flange of the auxiliary cylinder also has a central hole. The first end of the guide rod passes through the central hole of the flange at the end of the main cylinder away from the auxiliary cylinder, and the second end of the guide rod extends out from the central hole of the flange of the main cylinder near the auxiliary cylinder and the central hole of the flange of the auxiliary cylinder and is inserted into the second chamber.

5. The multi-stage friction variable damping oil damper as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The groove is arranged radially along the piston, and the slider is disposed in the groove. Under the action of the spring, it moves radially away from the center of the piston. The groove has baffles on both sides along the piston axis.

6. The multi-stage friction variable damping oil damper as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The cross-section of the slider, which is parallel to the piston end face, is rectangular, and the outer contour surface away from the center of the piston is arc-shaped.

7. The multi-stage friction variable damping oil damper as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first chamber of the main cylinder is divided into a first section, a second section, and a third section along the axial direction. The first and third sections are conical, and the second section is cylindrical. The diameter of the second section is the same as the diameter of the small end of the first and third sections, and the two ends of the second section are respectively connected to the small ends of the first and third sections.

8. The multi-stage friction variable damping oil damper as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first chamber of the main cylinder includes a first cylindrical section, a second cylindrical section, and a transition section. The first cylindrical section and the second cylindrical section are arranged alternately and are connected by the transition section. The diameter of the first cylindrical section is smaller than the diameter of the second cylindrical section. The transition section is a conical cylinder.

9. The multi-stage friction variable damping oil damper as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The piston is provided with a plurality of first damping holes, which are arranged along the axial direction of the piston; the slider is provided with a plurality of second damping holes, which are arranged along the axial direction of the piston.

10. A vibration reduction method using a multi-stage friction-variable damping oil damper as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: Under the action of external force, the damping assembly moves axially along the main cylinder, and the slider moves radially along the piston under the combined action of the preload spring and the inner wall of the main cylinder, so as to change the gap between the damping assembly and the inner wall of the main cylinder and the position of the second damping hole, and automatically adjust the damping force.

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