A caisson type shaft boring machine

Abstract

The application discloses a sinking well type shaft tunneling machine, which comprises a sinking well, a supporting device arranged in the sinking well and used for placing a tunneling machine body, a rotating assembly arranged at the bottom of the supporting device and used for driving the tunneling machine to move circumferentially, a hydraulic device arranged at the bottom of the rotating assembly and used for driving the tunneling machine to move linearly, a compensation device arranged on the hydraulic device and used for sharing reaction force, a digging device arranged at one end of the hydraulic device and used for completing digging of the bottom of the sinking well, and a buoyancy device arranged on the digging device and used for providing buoyancy to the digging device. The compensation rod is continuously extended to push the gas in the gas storage cavity, the gas is input into the expansion cavity through the gas conveying pipe, when the gravity center of the digging drill bit continuously approaches the shaft wall of the sinking well, the air in the expansion cavity continuously increases, the expansion rubber layer continuously expands, the buoyancy provided by the expansion rubber layer gradually increases, and the force provided by the digging drill bit to the hydraulic rod is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of building construction technology, and in particular to a caisson-type vertical shaft tunneling machine. Background Technology

[0002] A caisson is a cylindrical structure. It is constructed by excavating soil into the caisson and allowing it to sink to the design elevation by its own weight, overcoming the friction of the caisson walls. The bottom of the caisson is then sealed with concrete, and the caisson hole is filled, making it the foundation for bridge piers or other structures.

[0003] Traditionally, excavation inside wells involved both manual and mechanical digging, but these methods were dangerous and inefficient. Now, most manufacturers are adopting automated machinery—tunnel boring machines (TBMs)—for this purpose. These automated machines secure the caisson to a hoisting system using steel cables. A track is then fixed to the inner wall of the well, aligning the TBM's slide rail with the track to suspend the machine inside. Water is then poured into the well to cover the drill bit (cutting device). Through automated control, the drill bit gradually crushes the soil and rocks inside the well, creating mud. This mud is then pumped away. Once the obstructions below the cutting edge (the beveled section at the bottom of the inner wall of the caisson) are completely crushed, the hoisting system lowers the caisson using steel cables, bringing its bottom back into contact with the ground. This process of excavation and lowering is then repeated to complete the caisson excavation.

[0004] In this process, the cutting device typically controls its angle via hydraulic rods, causing it to move in an arc from the center to the cutting edge during excavation. Then, the cutting device returns to the center and is rotated a certain angle by a rotating device, repeating the arc motion from the center to the cutting edge again. This process is repeated continuously to complete a 360-degree excavation of the bottom of the well. Taking a cylindrical caisson as an example, this method causes the cutting edge, which loses its bottom soil support first, to tend to tilt in that direction. This necessitates the caisson hoisting system to continuously adjust and control the force applied to the caisson over extended periods. Furthermore, in... As the cutting device moves away from the center, its lever arm continuously increases, leading to a continuous increase in pressure on the hydraulic rod (F1·L1 (power arm) = F2·L2 (resistance arm). The point where force is applied is the power point, the point bearing the weight is the resistance point, and the point that provides support is called the fulcrum). In particular, the direct contact point between the hydraulic rod and the hydraulic chamber will form a fulcrum, the direct contact point between the piston of the hydraulic rod and the hydraulic chamber will form a power point, and the constantly changing position of the cutting device will form a resistance point. This requires the hydraulic rod and the hydraulic chamber to continuously provide increasing forces to maintain the balance of the cutting device, resulting in severe wear of the hydraulic rod. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application proposes a caisson-type vertical shaft tunneling machine, which has the advantages of completing excavation from the inside out, completing the excavation of the bottom support of the caisson in a short time, shortening the lever arm of the hydraulic rod at the support point, sharing the force of the hydraulic rod with the compensating rod, squeezing gas into the expansion chamber to expand the expansion rubber layer to increase buoyancy, the increase in buoyancy reducing the force on the hydraulic rod, the sliding ring seat lifting up under the input gas pressure, the expansion rubber layer being stretched upward and expanded outward, the sliding ring seat squeezing the blocking rubber layer upward and compressing it, and the blocking rubber layer expanding outward to provide increased buoyancy. This solves the problems of long excavation time intervals at the cutting edge of existing cutting devices, increased lever arm due to the extension of the cutting device, and increased force on the hydraulic rod.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: a caisson-type vertical shaft tunneling machine, comprising a caisson, wherein a support device is provided inside the caisson for placing the main body of the tunneling machine;

[0007] The bottom of the support device is equipped with a rotating assembly for driving the tunneling machine to move in a circumferential direction;

[0008] The bottom of the rotary assembly is equipped with a hydraulic device for driving the tunneling machine to perform linear motion;

[0009] The hydraulic device is equipped with a compensation device to share the reaction force;

[0010] One end of the hydraulic device is equipped with a digging device for digging the bottom of the caisson;

[0011] The excavating device is equipped with a buoyancy device to provide buoyancy to the excavating device;

[0012] A sealing compensation device is provided above the buoyancy device to seal the buoyancy device and provide additional buoyancy to the excavating device.

[0013] Preferably, the support device includes three evenly distributed tracks fixedly connected to the well wall, with support rods on the tracks. A frame base is provided at one end of the support rod facing the center of the caisson to keep the main body of the tunneling machine suspended above the center of the caisson.

[0014] Preferably, the hydraulic device includes a hydraulic base fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating assembly to maintain the relative position of the hydraulic base. The hydraulic base has a hydraulic cavity, and a hydraulic rod is provided in the hydraulic cavity. The hydraulic base is provided with a hydraulic system that provides hydraulic power to drive the hydraulic rod to perform linear motion.

[0015] Preferably, the compensation device includes an air storage chamber opened within the hydraulic base, the air storage chamber being filled with low-density gas for providing the required gas to the buoyancy device, and a compensation rod provided within the air storage chamber for sharing the force on the hydraulic rod. One end of the compensation rod extending out of the hydraulic base is fixedly connected to a fulcrum seat, the fulcrum seat being fixedly sleeved on the hydraulic rod for receiving the force on the hydraulic rod.

[0016] Preferably, both the compensating rod and the gas storage chamber have rectangular cross-sections. The top end of the compensating rod is attached to the top end of the gas storage chamber to increase the force-bearing area of ​​the compensating rod. The vertical cross-section of the compensating rod is L-shaped, and the height and width of the L-shaped part of the compensating rod are adapted to the height and width of the gas storage chamber to maintain the seal on one side of the gas storage chamber and promote the gas in the gas storage chamber to be discharged.

[0017] Preferably, the excavation device includes an extension seat I fixedly connected to one end of a hydraulic rod, an extension seat II at the bottom end of the extension seat I for receiving the supporting force provided by the hydraulic rod and keeping it suspended, an excavation power assembly at the bottom of the extension seat II for providing excavation power, and an excavation drill bit at the bottom of the excavation power assembly for excavating the soil at the bottom of the caisson.

[0018] Preferably, the excavating drill bit is stepped, and the top of the excavating drill bit is frustum-shaped, used to excavate the soil below the cutting edge at the bottom of the caisson.

[0019] Preferably, the buoyancy device includes a fixed ring seat fixedly connected to the top of the excavating power assembly for providing buoyancy to the excavating power assembly. The top of the fixed ring seat is provided with an expanding rubber layer, which forms an expansion cavity between the outer walls of the extension seat II. The expansion cavity is filled with low-density gas for expansion to provide buoyancy. The top of the expanding rubber layer is provided with a sliding ring seat for pulling the expanding rubber layer upward. An air supply pipe is provided on the expanding rubber layer, and the other end of the air supply pipe is connected to an air storage cavity for supplying gas in the air storage cavity and the expansion cavity.

[0020] Preferably, the sealing compensation device includes a blocking adhesive layer fixedly connected to the top of the sliding ring seat, the top of the blocking adhesive layer being fixedly connected to the bottom of the extension seat I, for sealing the buoyancy device.

[0021] Preferably, the blocking adhesive layer is closed near the inner side of the extension seat II, forming a cavity within the blocking adhesive layer. The cavity is filled with low-density gas to receive the thrust of the sliding ring seat and convert it into buoyancy.

[0022] This application provides a caisson-type vertical shaft tunneling machine. A rotary assembly drives the hydraulic base and the excavating drill bit to rotate synchronously, enabling the drill bit to form a circular excavation trajectory. Simultaneously, a hydraulic rod pushes the extension seat I, causing the drill bit to gradually move from the center towards the inner wall of the caisson. This allows the drill bit to complete a gradual circular excavation from the center towards the inner wall of the caisson. Thus, when the drill bit has completed one revolution at the inner wall of the caisson, the excavation of other parts of the caisson bottom has already been completed. At this point, the caisson only experiences a short-term force imbalance during the excavation of the bottom by the drill bit, reducing the adjustment time of the hoisting system.

[0023] Meanwhile, as the hydraulic rod extends beyond the hydraulic seat, the lever arm provided by the excavating drill bit to the hydraulic rod continuously increases (the contact point between the bottom of the hydraulic rod and the hydraulic seat is the fulcrum). At this point, the contact points between the hydraulic rod and the fulcrum seat and between the hydraulic rod and the hydraulic seat form an equilibrium point (at this point, the fulcrum of the hydraulic rod is located at the fulcrum seat; unless the hydraulic rod detaches from the fulcrum seat, the fulcrum of the hydraulic rod remains the contact point with the hydraulic seat). As the power arm of the hydraulic rod increases and the resistance arm shortens, the parallelism of the hydraulic rod will be maintained, reducing the deformation of the hydraulic rod.

[0024] At the same time, the downward force applied at the drill bit mainly acts on the nearby fulcrum. The length of the compensating rod extending out of the hydraulic seat is also constantly increasing, which makes the lever arm of the compensating rod continuously increase (the contact point between the bottom end of the compensating rod and the hydraulic seat is the fulcrum). The force on the fulcrum will be transmitted to the compensating rod (the fulcrum becomes the resistance point). The contact area between the top of the compensating rod and the hydraulic seat is larger than the contact area between the top of the hydraulic rod and the hydraulic seat (the larger contact area of ​​the power point increases the compensating rod's ability to resist deformation). Thus, the compensating rod compensates for the deformation of the hydraulic rod, slowing down the overall deformation time of the hydraulic rod and the compensating rod.

[0025] Simultaneously, by continuously extending the compensating rod from the hydraulic seat, the compensating rod pushes the gas in the gas storage chamber and continuously inputs it into the expansion chamber through the gas supply pipe. As the center of gravity at the excavation drill bit continuously approaches the well wall, the air in the expansion chamber will continuously increase, causing the expansion rubber layer to continuously expand. This gradually increases the buoyancy provided by the expanding rubber layer, reducing the force provided by the excavation drill bit to the hydraulic rod. Furthermore, the sliding ring seat will continuously rise under the compression of the gas, causing the expansion rubber layer to expand outward while also being stretched upward, reducing the range of outward expansion of the expansion rubber layer. This prevents the expansion rubber layer from over-expanding and rubbing against the well wall, thus avoiding wear of the expansion rubber layer.

[0026] Simultaneously, the upward movement of the sliding ring seat will compress the blocking adhesive layer, causing it to continuously compress the space upward. This further compresses the gas within the blocking adhesive layer, increasing its resistance to external water pressure under the increased air pressure. As the blocking adhesive layer moves upward and the water pressure decreases, it expands outward. At this point, the expanded space of the blocking adhesive layer is larger than the original undeformed space. While maintaining the seal of the expansion chamber, the buoyancy provided by the blocking adhesive layer also increases, further reducing the force on the hydraulic rod. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments disclosed in this application and, together with the specification, serve to explain the principles disclosed in this application.

[0028] This disclosure will become clearer with reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, wherein:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the excavation drill bit structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hydraulic base of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structural state of the excavation drill bit of the present invention after it has moved away from the center.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0035] 1. Caisson; 2. Track; 3. Frame base; 4. Support rod; 5. Rotary assembly; 6. Hydraulic base; 7. Hydraulic chamber; 8. Hydraulic rod; 9. Air storage chamber; 10. Compensating rod; 11. Pivot base; 12. Extension base I; 13. Extension base II; 14. Blocking adhesive layer; 15. Fixed ring base; 16. Expanding adhesive layer; 17. Sliding ring base; 18. Excavation power assembly; 19. Excavation drill bit; 20. Air supply pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Example

[0037] Please see Figure 1 The system includes a caisson 1, with three evenly distributed tracks 2 fixedly connected to the wall of the caisson 1. A cutting edge is provided on the inner side of the bottom of the caisson 1. The bottom of the caisson 1 is filled with water to cool the excavation drill bit 19 and to form a slurry with the soil crushed by the excavation drill bit 19, which is easy to drain. A frame base 3 is provided in the center of the caisson 1. Three evenly distributed support rods 4 are fixedly connected to the outer side of the frame base 3. The outer side of the support rods 4 is provided with a slide rail. The support rods 4 are connected to the tracks 2 through the slide rails, so that the frame base 3 can be suspended in the caisson 1 through the support rods 4 to provide support for other devices below.

[0038] See Figures 1 to 3 The bottom of the frame base 3 is equipped with a rotating assembly 5, which drives the hydraulic base 6 and the extension base I 12 to rotate in a circle around the center line of the caisson 1. The bottom end of the rotating assembly 5 is fixedly connected to the hydraulic base 6, which is equipped with a hydraulic system. The hydraulic base 6 has a hydraulic chamber 7, which is equipped with a hydraulic rod 8. The cross-sections of the hydraulic chamber 7 and the hydraulic rod 8 are both rectangular, which increases the contact area between the hydraulic rod 8 and the hydraulic base 6 (the fulcrum formed at the contact surface between the hydraulic rod 8 and the hydraulic base 6) and improves the strength of the hydraulic rod 8. One end of the hydraulic rod 8 is equipped with a piston. The vertical cross-section of the hydraulic rod 8 is T-shaped, which allows the hydraulic chamber 7 to form two spaces at both ends of the piston. The hydraulic system on the hydraulic base 6 can input hydraulic oil into the two spaces to complete the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic rod 8.

[0039] See Figures 3 to 5 The hydraulic base 6 has an air storage chamber 9, and a compensating rod 10 is movably sleeved in the air storage chamber 9. Both the compensating rod 10 and the air storage chamber 9 have rectangular cross-sections. The top of the compensating rod 10 fits against the top of the air storage chamber 9, increasing the contact area between the compensating rod 10 and the hydraulic base 6, improving the strength of the compensating rod 10, and dispersing the resistance provided by the compensating rod 10 to the hydraulic base 6 (which comes from the resistance provided by the various structures on one side of the extension seat I 12). The air storage chamber 9 is filled with a low-density gas. The vertical cross-section of the compensating rod 10 is L-shaped. The height and width of the L-shaped part of the compensating rod 10 are adapted to the height and width of the air storage chamber 9, so that when the compensating rod 10 moves in the direction of the extension seat I 12, the compensating rod 10 can squeeze the gas in the air storage chamber 9, and force the gas into the expansion chamber through the gas delivery pipe 20.

[0040] See Figures 3 to 5The air storage chamber 9 is located below the hydraulic chamber 7. One end of the hydraulic rod 8 protrudes from the hydraulic seat 6 and is fixedly connected to the extension seat I 12. One end of the compensating rod 10 protrudes from the hydraulic seat 6 and is fixedly connected to the fulcrum seat 11. The fulcrum seat 11 is fixedly sleeved on the hydraulic rod 8 and is close to the extension seat I 12, so that most of the downward force applied by the extension seat I 12 to the hydraulic rod 8 can be applied to the compensating rod 10 through the fulcrum seat 11. Thus, the compensating rod 10 helps the hydraulic rod 8 to share most of the downward force and slows down the deformation ineffective time of the hydraulic rod 8 and the compensating rod 10.

[0041] See Figures 1 to 5 An extension seat II 13 is fixedly connected to the bottom center of extension seat I 12. An excavation power assembly 18 is fixedly connected to the bottom of extension seat II 13. An excavation drill bit 19 is provided at the bottom of the excavation power assembly 18. When the excavation power assembly 18 drives the excavation drill bit 19 to rotate around the center line of extension seat I 12, it can also rotate around the center line of the caisson 1 through the excavation power assembly 18, extension seat II 13, extension seat I 12, hydraulic rod 8 and hydraulic seat 6, following the rotation assembly 5. This allows the excavation drill bit 19 to complete the circumferential excavation of the bottom of the caisson. When the excavation drill bit 19 is excavating the supporting soil below the cutting edge of the caisson, it can complete the excavation through the circumferential motion excavation trajectory in a short time. The excavation drill bit 19 is stepped, and the top of the excavation drill bit 19 is frustum-shaped. When the excavation drill bit 19 is close to the cutting edge of the caisson 1, it can directly break the bottom support of the caisson 1 through the stepped shape, without causing the problem of impacting the caisson 1.

[0042] See Figures 3 to 5 A fixed ring seat 15 is fixedly connected to the top of the excavating power assembly 18. An expanding rubber layer 16 is fixedly connected to the top of the fixed ring seat 15. A sliding ring seat 17 is fixedly connected to the top of the expanding rubber layer 16. The fixed ring seat 15, the expanding rubber layer 16, and the sliding ring seat 17 are all sleeved on the outside of the extension seat II 13. An expansion cavity is formed between the expanding rubber layer 16 and the outer wall of the extension seat II 13. The expansion cavity is filled with low-density gas, which allows the expanding rubber layer 16 to only undergo outward expansion deformation, inward compression deformation, and upward stretching deformation, thereby ensuring the contact between the expanding rubber layer 16 and the extension seat II 13. Positioning ensures that the expanding rubber layer 16 provides buoyancy to the extension seat II 13 via the fixed ring seat 15. A gas supply pipe 20 is fixedly connected to the expanding rubber layer 16, and the other end of the gas supply pipe 20 is connected to the gas storage chamber 9. When the extension seat I 12 is far from the center of the caisson, the compensating rod 10 will continuously move towards the extension seat I 12, causing the compensating rod 10 to compress the gas in the gas storage chamber 9 and input it into the expansion chamber through the gas supply pipe 20. This causes the expanding rubber layer 16 to continuously expand, providing increasing buoyancy to the extension seat I 12, thereby reducing the pressure provided by the extension seat I 12 on the hydraulic rod 8 and the compensating rod 10. Example

[0043] Based on Example 1

[0044] Please see Figures 3 to 5 A blocking adhesive layer 14 is fixedly connected to the top end of the sliding ring seat 17. The top end of the blocking adhesive layer 14 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the extension seat I 12. The vertical cross-section of the blocking adhesive layer 14 is wavy, allowing it to be compressed and stretched efficiently, ensuring the sliding ring seat 17 can slide up and down. The blocking adhesive layer 14 is sleeved on the outside of the extension seat II 13, so that when the sliding ring seat 17 slides up and down on the extension seat II 13, the blocking adhesive layer 14 can also seal the sliding ring seat 17, preventing the gas in the expansion chamber from entering. There will be no leakage through the gap between the sliding ring seat 17 and the extension seat II 13, and the external mud will not adhere to the outside of the extension seat II 13, hindering the sliding of the sliding ring seat 17. This will prevent the sliding ring seat 17 from failing to move up and down, causing the expansion rubber layer 16 to expand excessively to the outside. When the excavation drill bit 19 approaches the cutting edge of the caisson 1, the excessively expanded expansion rubber layer 16 will press against the well wall of the caisson 1, causing the expansion rubber layer 16 to rub against the well wall and wear out, as well as providing excessive frictional resistance.

[0045] See Figures 4 to 5 The blocking adhesive layer 14 is closed near the inner side of the extension seat II 13, forming a cavity inside the blocking adhesive layer 14. The cavity is filled with low-density gas, preventing the gas in the expansion cavity from entering the blocking adhesive layer 14. As the sliding ring seat 17 slides upward, it squeezes the blocking adhesive layer 14, causing the blocking adhesive layer 14 to continuously compress the space upward. This continuously compresses the gas in the cavity, increasing the blocking adhesive layer 14's ability to resist external water pressure under the increased air pressure. Furthermore, as the position of the blocking adhesive layer 14 continuously moves upward and the water pressure continuously decreases, the blocking adhesive layer 14 continuously expands outward. At this point, the space of the deformed and expanded blocking adhesive layer 14 is larger than the original undeformed space. While maintaining the seal of the expansion cavity, the buoyancy provided by the blocking adhesive layer 14 also continuously increases, further reducing the force on the hydraulic rod.

Claims

1. A caisson-type vertical shaft tunneling machine, characterized in that, Includes a caisson (1), which is equipped with a support device for placing the main body of the tunneling machine; The bottom of the support device is provided with a rotating assembly (5) for driving the tunneling machine body to move in a circumferential direction. The bottom of the rotary assembly (5) is equipped with a hydraulic device for driving the tunneling machine body to move in a straight line; The hydraulic device is equipped with a compensation device to share the reaction force; One end of the hydraulic device is equipped with a digging device for digging the bottom of the caisson; The excavating device is equipped with a buoyancy device to provide buoyancy to the excavating device; A sealing compensation device is provided above the buoyancy device to seal the buoyancy device and provide additional buoyancy to the excavation device; The hydraulic device includes a hydraulic seat (6) fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating assembly (5) for maintaining the relative position of the hydraulic seat (6). A hydraulic cavity (7) is provided in the hydraulic seat (6), and a hydraulic rod (8) is provided in the hydraulic cavity (7). A hydraulic system that provides hydraulic power is provided on the hydraulic seat (6) for pushing the hydraulic rod (8) to perform linear motion. The compensation device includes an air storage chamber (9) opened in the hydraulic base (6), which is filled with low-density gas to provide the required gas to the buoyancy device. The air storage chamber (9) is provided with a compensation rod (10) to share the force on the hydraulic rod (8). One end of the compensation rod (10) protruding from the hydraulic base (6) is fixedly connected to a fulcrum seat (11). The fulcrum seat (11) is fixedly sleeved on the hydraulic rod (8) to receive the force on the hydraulic rod (8). The cross-sections of the compensating rod (10) and the gas storage chamber (9) are both rectangular. The top of the compensating rod (10) is attached to the top of the gas storage chamber (9) to increase the force-bearing area of ​​the compensating rod (10). The vertical cross-section of the compensating rod (10) is L-shaped. The height and width of the L-shaped part of the compensating rod (10) are adapted to the height and width of the gas storage chamber (9) to maintain the seal on one side of the gas storage chamber (9) and push the gas in the gas storage chamber (9) to be discharged. The excavation device includes an extension seat I (12) fixedly connected to one end of the hydraulic rod (8). The bottom end of the extension seat I (12) is provided with an extension seat II (13) for receiving the supporting force provided by the hydraulic rod (8) and keeping it suspended. The bottom of the extension seat II (13) is provided with an excavation power assembly (18) for providing excavation power. The bottom of the excavation power assembly (18) is provided with an excavation drill bit (19) for excavating the soil at the bottom of the caisson (1). The buoyancy device includes a fixed ring seat (15) fixedly connected to the top of the excavating power assembly (18) for providing buoyancy to the excavating power assembly (18). The top of the fixed ring seat (15) is provided with an expansion rubber layer (16). An expansion cavity is formed between the expansion rubber layer (16) and the outer wall of the extension seat II (13). The expansion cavity is filled with low-density gas for expansion to provide buoyancy. The top of the expansion rubber layer (16) is provided with a sliding ring seat (17) for pulling the expansion rubber layer (16) upward. An air supply pipe (20) is provided on the expansion rubber layer (16). The other end of the air supply pipe (20) is connected to the air storage chamber (9) for transporting gas in the air storage chamber (9) and the expansion cavity.

2. The caisson-type vertical shaft tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support device includes three evenly distributed tracks (2) fixedly connected to the well wall. Support rods (4) are provided on the tracks (2). A frame base (3) is provided at one end of the support rod (4) facing the center of the caisson (1) to keep the main body of the tunneling machine suspended above the center of the caisson (1).

3. The caisson-type vertical shaft tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The excavation drill bit (19) is stepped and the top of the excavation drill bit (19) is frustum-shaped, used to excavate the soil below the cutting edge at the bottom of the caisson (1).

4. The caisson-type vertical shaft tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing compensation device includes a blocking adhesive layer (14) fixedly connected to the top of the sliding ring seat (17), the top of the blocking adhesive layer (14) being fixedly connected to the bottom of the extension seat I (12) for sealing the buoyancy device.

5. A caisson-type vertical shaft tunneling machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The blocking adhesive layer (14) is closed near the inner side of the extension seat II (13), forming a cavity in the blocking adhesive layer (14). The cavity is filled with low-density gas to receive the thrust of the sliding ring seat (17) and convert it into buoyancy.

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