Variable-structure island fishway hydraulic characteristic testing device and testing method

Abstract

The application discloses a variable-structure island fishway hydraulic characteristic testing device and testing method, which comprises an island fishway, the island fishway is arranged on an island fishway table, a flowmeter is arranged on one side of the island fishway table, two ends of the island fishway are connected with an upstream water tank and a downstream water tank respectively, and a centrifugal pump is connected with the upstream water tank and the downstream water tank through connecting pipes and communicates with the upstream water tank and the downstream water tank respectively; a pool chamber measuring plate and an inflow measuring plate are respectively arranged on the upper portion of the island fishway, and the island fishway comprises a main bottom plate, left and right side plates are respectively connected to the two sides of the main bottom plate. The application can further achieve the effect of water flow energy dissipation by means of water flow collision, and the water flow can realize the effect of collision energy dissipation by mixing due to the effect of the water resistance island and the petals, so that the pool chamber flow velocity and flow state are more optimal, the energy loss of fish migration is reduced, and the fish resting area is optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydraulic equipment technology, and in particular to a variable-structure island fishway hydraulic characteristic testing device and testing method. Background Technology

[0002] Migratory fishes exhibit a habit of periodically migrating to different aquatic spaces to fulfill their life functions, including reproduction, foraging, and overwintering. Changes in the natural river ecosystem caused by water conservancy projects inevitably have adverse effects on the lives and reproduction of fish upstream and downstream. If fish migration is delayed or terminated, it could even lead to the extinction of some fish species, seriously endangering biodiversity.

[0003] Fishways, short for fish migration channels, are used to help migratory fish overcome obstacles such as weirs, locks, pumping stations, and rapids during their migration. They are an important measure to solve the problem of man-made hydraulic structures hindering fish migration and can play an important role in protecting the ecological environment.

[0004] Currently, traditional fishways typically have fixed structures, and the adaptability of a single-structure fishway to rivers is clearly difficult to guarantee. Many hydraulic engineering projects operate in complex river environments, ranging from rivers affected by rainfall and landslides to sections with tidal characteristics, significantly altering the operating environment of the fishway. Therefore, traditional fishways cannot adapt to these changing spatiotemporal characteristics, making it difficult to maximize their functionality. Furthermore, currently widely used fishway simulation experimental devices are often fixed fishways. Fixed fishway testing devices typically use baffles arranged in a specific configuration within a water tank to achieve model testing. One model usually corresponds to only one set of structural parameters, resulting in high production costs and low testing efficiency. Differences in fishway structure and operating parameters can affect the success rate of fish migration, and these differences need to be considered in experimental testing. Therefore, for practical engineering and experimental testing, researching a fishway with a flexibly adjustable structure is an urgent technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems mentioned in the background art, this invention proposes a variable-structure island-type fishway hydraulic characteristic testing device and method. This fishway has advantages such as good energy dissipation effect and flexible structure, which can further improve fish passage efficiency while minimizing costs. This invention modifies the traditional baffle fishway by replacing the original traditional baffle with a bent petal structure, and uses different water-blocking islands for water blocking and energy dissipation. This invention uses a top-buckle method to install the petal structure in the fishway chamber, facilitating the replacement of its petal components. The water-blocking islands are fixed to the fishway chamber with bolts on the bottom surface of the main base plate; this structural design facilitates the replacement of the water-blocking islands. The special design of this invention allows for complete disassembly of the overall structure, achieving an adjustable structure, facilitating modification and subsequent maintenance. This not only provides a cost-effective and efficient testing solution for fishway experimental models but also offers a solution for adapting hydraulic fishways to spatiotemporal changes.

[0006] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A variable-structure island-type fishway hydraulic characteristic testing device includes an island-type fishway, which is set on an island-type fishway platform. A flow meter is installed on one side of the island-type fishway platform. The two ends of the island-type fishway are connected to an upstream water tank and a downstream water tank, respectively. A centrifugal pump is connected to the upstream water tank and the downstream water tank through connecting pipes. A pool chamber measuring plate and an inflow measuring plate are respectively installed on the upper part of the island-type fishway. The island-type fishway includes a main bottom plate. A left side plate and a right side plate are connected to the two sides of the main bottom plate, respectively. Multiple left top buckles and right top buckles are respectively provided at the upper end of the left side plate and the right side plate. The left top buckles and the right top buckles are staggered. A water-blocking island is set on one side of the left lobe and / or the right lobe. The left lobe and the right lobe are respectively connected to the inner ends of the left top buckles and the right top buckles. The left lobe and the right lobe are both arc-shaped and extend from the left top buckles and the right top buckles to the center of the island-type fishway, respectively.

[0008] Preferably, the upstream of the island-type fishway is connected to an upstream water tank, the downstream of the island-type fishway is connected to a downstream water tank, and the upstream water tank is located on the upstream lifting platform.

[0009] In any of the above options, it is preferable to install an inclined pad at the bottom of the upstream inlet of the island-type fishway to adjust the slope of the island-type fishway.

[0010] In any of the above embodiments, it is preferred that the left and right lobes are any one of a 1 / 2 arc, a 3 / 8 arc, or a 1 / 4 arc, with an arc radius of 2d, and the height of the left and right lobes is slightly lower than the height of the island-style fishway.

[0011] Preferably, in any of the above embodiments, the main base plate is made of stainless steel, and the top surface of the main base plate has a plurality of arrayed threaded holes near the edges of the left and right side plates; the arrayed threaded holes include multiple arrayed threaded holes.

[0012] Multiple adjacent threaded holes are evenly distributed at intervals of d, and the threaded holes are scattered on both sides of the hole along an arc with a radius of d.

[0013] In any of the above solutions, the left and right side panels are symmetrically arranged and both are made of plexiglass. The left and right side panels are connected to both sides of the main bottom plate to form an island-style fishway with an opening at the top.

[0014] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the left petal and the left top buckle are connected in an arc shape and not closed, and the right petal and the right top buckle are connected in an arc shape and not closed, with the water-blocking islands respectively set on one side of the arc-shaped opening direction.

[0015] In any of the above solutions, the water-blocking island is preferably made of plexiglass, with a fixed threaded hole at the bottom. The bottom of the water-blocking island is fixed to the main base plate through the threaded hole, and the shape of the water-blocking island is any one of rectangle, circle, or teardrop shape.

[0016] In any of the above embodiments, the preferred embodiment is that the chamber measuring plate is fixed on the upper part of the left side plate and the right side plate, the outer side of the left side plate and the right side plate are provided with side plate protrusions, the upper part of the left side plate and the right side plate are provided with inflow measuring plate positioning grooves, and the chamber measuring plate is fixedly installed on the side plate protrusions by the lower chamber measuring plate long protrusions; the inflow measuring plate is provided with positioning short protrusions at both ends, and at least one side of the inflow measuring plate is provided with multiple inflow measuring points distributed at intervals, and the inflow measuring plate is fixedly installed on the upper part of the left side plate and the right side plate by the cooperation of the positioning short protrusions and the inflow measuring plate positioning grooves.

[0017] In any of the above embodiments, the preferred embodiment is that the upstream water tank includes an outer extension of the fish passage, one end of which extends into the upstream water tank and has a built-in rectifier grid, and the other end extends to the outside of the upstream water tank and is open-type. A sealing strip is wrapped around the outer end of the outer extension of the fish passage, and an upstream water tank drain outlet is provided on the outside of the upstream water tank.

[0018] In any of the above embodiments, it is preferred that the downstream water tank has a fish passage connection opening on one side wall, and the downstream water tank and the outlet of the downstream water tank are connected to each other.

[0019] In any of the above embodiments, it is preferred that the pool chamber measuring plate is mounted on the side plate grooves of the left and right side plates via the lower pool chamber measuring plate elongated protrusion, and the upper part of the pool chamber measuring plate is provided with a through-type measuring point arrangement.

[0020] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the distance L from the water-blocking island to the left or right lobe is any value among 3d, 4d, and 5d.

[0021] Preferably, in any of the above solutions, the placement angle α of the water-blocking island is any value among -40°, 0°, and 40°. Preferably, in any of the above solutions, the shape of the water-blocking island is any one of rectangular, circular, and teardrop shapes.

[0022] This invention also discloses a testing method for a variable-structure island fishway hydraulic characteristic testing device, comprising the following steps:

[0023] (1) Adjust the flow conditions and slope conditions by coordinating the tilting pad, centrifugal pump and flow meter, and select at least two flow rates and two slopes to form four basic working conditions;

[0024] (2) Under each group of basic working conditions, different structural parameter settings were further determined, and one group of structural parameters was selected as the control group;

[0025] (3) Determine the structural parameters that need to be changed as factors and determine the level of each factor. Use orthogonal experimental design to obtain analytical data.

[0026] (4) Read the inlet flow rate from the flow meter and verify it in combination with the data measured by the inlet measuring plate; for the orthogonal experimental group, the flow velocity of the pool chamber is measured by the flow meter, while the water depth along the flow path is measured by the water level meter. At the same time, other target parameters can also be measured by different instruments.

[0027] (5) Use SPSS to analyze the structural parameters that have a significant impact on the target, and then conduct comparative experiments in multiple groups, such as the selected control group, the low flow velocity group, and the high water level group. Conduct detailed experiments in the form of point measurements to obtain indicators such as pool flow pattern, flow velocity distribution area ratio, and specific water depth for comparative analysis.

[0028] Preferably, in step (2), the control group is selected without the water-blocking island, and the left and right lobes are made of 1 / 2 arc.

[0029] In any of the above schemes, the preferred option is that, in step (3), the factors include the shape of the water-blocking island, the distance L from the water-blocking island to the left or right lobe, the arc length of the left and right lobe, and the placement angle α of the water-blocking island.

[0030] In any of the above schemes, the preferred option is that in step (3), each factor is selected with three levels, the left or right lobe is a 1 / 2 arc, a 3 / 8 arc, and a 1 / 4 arc, the shape of the water-blocking island is rectangular, circular, and teardrop-shaped, and the orthogonal table adopts a four-factor, three-level orthogonal table.

[0031] (1) The island-type fishway of the present invention has a variable structure, which can make full use of the water flow counteraction to further achieve the water flow energy dissipation effect. Due to the water blocking island and the petals, the water flow can achieve the effect of mixed counteraction energy dissipation, realize better pool flow velocity and flow state, reduce the energy loss of fish migration, and optimize the resting area for fish.

[0032] (2) The island fishway with variable structure of the present invention can be structurally adjusted to adapt to different water environments; at the same time, as an experimental device, the island fishway of the present invention can quickly change a variety of structural parameters to conduct experiments, simulate different water environments under different working conditions to obtain corresponding hydraulic parameter results, which is convenient for studying how to adjust the structural parameters of the island fishway.

[0033] (3) The island-type fishway experimental device with variable structure of the present invention has a flexible structure, high reliability, and is also easy to disassemble, modify and maintain in the later stage.

[0034] (4) The experimental scheme adopted in this invention fully considers the structural parameter characteristics of the island fishway. Combined with the orthogonal experimental method, it can minimize the number of experiments under complex structural parameter combinations to conduct a more comprehensive result analysis.

[0035] In summary, this invention is rationally designed, has good energy dissipation effect, is easy to operate, highly adaptable, convenient to maintain, and further reduces research costs. Producing and applying this fishway to the construction of fish ecological facilities demonstrates strong practicality and can bring significant socio-economic and ecological benefits. Furthermore, this testing device can be applied to teaching, research, and other studies on the hydraulic characteristics of island-type fishways, opening up a new research avenue and direction for cultivating water conservancy talent in universities. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the variable-structure island-type fishway hydraulic characteristic testing device of this application;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental device for an island-type fishway;

[0038] Figure 3 This is an assembly drawing of the overall test device for an island-type fishway;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a side view showing the installation details of the main base plate of the island-style fishway;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a detailed diagram of the bottom surface installation of the main base plate of the island-style fishway;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the top buckle of the island-type fishway test device (taking the left top buckle as an example);

[0042] Figure 7 This is the top and bottom view of the island-type fishway test device (taking the left top buckle as an example).

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the island-type fishway test device (taking the left lobe as an example).

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the different lobes of the island-type fishway test device in this embodiment (taking the left lobe as an example).

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the water-blocking island in this example of an island-type fishway test device.

[0046] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of different water-blocking island shapes in this example of an island-type fishway test device;

[0047] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the pool chamber measuring plate of the island-type fishway test device;

[0048] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the inflow measurement plate of the island-type fishway test device;

[0049] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the upstream water tank of the island-type fishway test device;

[0050] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the downstream water tank of the island-type fishway test device;

[0051] Attached reference numerals: 1. Island-type fishway; 1-1. Main base plate; 1-2. Left side plate; 1-3. Right side plate; 1-4. Left top buckle; 1-5. Right top buckle; 1-6. Left lobe; 1-7. Right lobe; 1-8. Water-blocking island; 1-9. Array of threaded holes; 1-10. Side plate fixing threaded holes; 1-11. Waterproof strip; 1-12. Side plate protrusion; 1-13. Inflow measuring plate positioning groove; 1-14. Top buckle recess; 1-15. Top buckle recess notch; 1-16. Top buckle elongated protrusion; 1-17. Fixing threaded hole; 2. Pool chamber measuring plate; 2 -1. Long protrusion of the pool chamber measuring plate; 2-2. Continuous measuring point layout; 3. Inflow measuring plate; 3-1. Inflow measuring point; 3-2. Short protrusion for positioning the inflow measuring plate; 4. Upstream water tank; 4-1. Outer extension of the fishway; 4-2. Inner extension of the fishway; 4-3. Rectifier grid; 4-4. Sealing strip; 4-5. Drain outlet of the upstream water tank; 5. Downstream water tank; 5-1. Fishway connection opening; 5-2. Outlet of the downstream water tank; 6. Island-type fishway platform; 7. Upstream water tank platform; 8. Inclined pad; 9. Centrifugal pump; 10. Flow meter; 11. Connecting pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort, and all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0053] A test device for the hydraulic characteristics of an island-type fishway with a variable structure, such as Figures 1-15 As shown, the system includes an island-type fishway 1, which is mounted on an island-type fishway platform 6. A flow meter 10 is installed on one side of the island-type fishway platform 6. The two ends of the island-type fishway 1 are connected to an upstream water tank 4 and a downstream water tank 5, respectively. A centrifugal pump 9 is connected to the upstream water tank 4 and the downstream water tank 5 through a connecting pipe 11. A tank chamber measuring plate 2 and an inflow measuring plate 3 are respectively installed on the upper part of the island-type fishway 1. The island-type fishway 1 includes a main bottom plate 1-1. The left side plate 1-2 and the right side plate 1-3 are respectively connected to the two sides of the main bottom plate 1-1. The upper end of the side plate 1-3 is provided with multiple left top buckles 1-4 and right top buckles 1-5 respectively. The left top buckles 1-4 and right top buckles 1-5 are staggered. The water-blocking island 1-8 is located on one side of the left petal 1-6 and / or the right petal 1-7. The left petal 1-6 and the right petal 1-7 are respectively connected to the inner ends of the left top buckle 1-4 and the right top buckle 1-5. The left petal 1-6 and the right petal 1-7 are both arc-shaped and extend from the left top buckle 1-4 and the right top buckle 1-5 to the center of the island fishway 1. The radius of the arc formed by the left petal 1-6 or the right petal 1-7 is 2d.

[0054] Specifically, the upstream of the island fishway 1 is connected to the upstream water tank 4, and the downstream of the island fishway 1 is connected to the downstream water tank 5. The upstream water tank 4 is set on the upstream lifting platform 7, and the tilting pad 8 is placed at the bottom of the upstream inlet of the island fishway 1. The upstream and downstream water tanks are connected by a centrifugal pump 9 to achieve water circulation.

[0055] A further optimized technical solution in this embodiment is that the upstream of the island-type fishway 1 is connected to the upstream water tank 4, and the downstream of the island-type fishway 1 is connected to the downstream water tank 5. The upstream water tank 4 is installed on the upstream lifting platform 7. An incline pad 8 is installed at the bottom of the upstream inlet of the island-type fishway 1 to adjust the slope of the island-type fishway 1.

[0056] A further optimized technical solution in this embodiment is that the main base plate 1-1 is made of stainless steel, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the top surface of the main base plate 1-1 has several arrayed threaded holes 1-9 near the edges of the left side plate 1-2 and the right side plate 1-3, for installing the water-blocking island 1-8, as shown. Figure 5As shown, the array of threaded holes 1-9 is evenly distributed with a thread spacing distance d based on the direction of the main base plate 1-1. Threaded holes are scattered on both sides along arcs with a radius of d to allow for the installation of water-blocking islands 1-8 at different angles. The distance L from the water-blocking island to the left or right lobe is any value within the range of 3d-5d, and the placement angle α of the water-blocking island is any value within the range of -40-40°. This installation method is more flexible than the traditional fishway experimental model design, facilitating disassembly and modification. Slots are provided on both sides of the main base plate 1-1 to install the left side plate 1-2 and the right side plate 1-3. The slot width is slightly larger than the side plate thickness, with the thickness allowance used to embed a waterproof strip to prevent water leakage. Threaded holes 1-10 are evenly distributed on the lower sides of the main base plate 1-1 to be used with screws to fasten the left side plate 1-2 and the right side plate 1-3.

[0057] The further optimized technical solution of this embodiment is that the left side plate 1-2 and the right side plate 1-3 are symmetrically arranged and both are made of plexiglass, which facilitates observation of the inside of the fish passage from the side during testing. The left side plate 1-2 and the right side plate 1-3 are connected to both sides of the main bottom plate 1-1 to form an island-type fish passage 1 with an open upper part. The upper part of the left side plate 1-2 and the right side plate 1-3 are provided with several side plate protrusions 1-12 to cooperate in the installation of the left top buckle 1-4, the right top buckle 1-5 and the pool chamber measuring plate 2; the front top of the side plates (left side plate 1-2 and right side plate 1-3) is provided with an inflow measuring plate positioning groove 1-13 to cooperate in the installation of the inflow measuring plate 3.

[0058] The further optimized technical solution of this embodiment is that the left top buckle 1-4 and the right top buckle 1-5 are symmetrically arranged, which are mainly used for the fixed installation of the petals. The left top buckle 1-4 and the right top buckle 1-5 have a 1 / 4 arc-shaped top buckle groove 1-14 on one side for inserting and fixing the petals (left petal 1-6 and right petal 1-7). At the same time, the lower part of the left top buckle 1-4 and the right top buckle 1-5 has a top buckle groove notch 1-15, and the other side has a top buckle elongated protrusion 1-16 to fix itself to the side plate.

[0059] A further optimized technical solution in this embodiment is, as follows: Figures 9-11 As shown, the left lobe 1-6 and the right lobe 1-7 are any one of a 1 / 2 arc, a 3 / 8 arc, or a 1 / 4 arc, with an arc radius of 2d. The height of the left lobe 1-6 and the right lobe 1-7 is slightly lower than the height of the island-type fishway 1. The upper part of the left lobe 1-6 and the right lobe 1-7 is provided with a protrusion to fit into the notch of the top buckle groove 1-14 to fix their position.

[0060] The further optimized technical solution of this embodiment is that the left petal 1-6 and the left top buckle 1-4 are connected in an arc shape and are not closed, the right petal 1-7 and the right top buckle 1-5 are connected in an arc shape and are not closed, and the water blocking islands 1-8 are respectively set on one side of the arc-shaped opening direction.

[0061] The further optimized technical solution of this embodiment is that the water blocking island 1-8 is made of plexiglass, and the bottom of the water blocking island 1-8 is provided with a fixing threaded hole 1-17. The bottom end of the water blocking island 1-8 is fixedly installed on the main base plate 1-1 through the fixing threaded hole 1-17 and the array threaded hole. The shape of the water blocking island 1-8 is any one of rectangle, circle, or teardrop shape.

[0062] The further optimized technical solution of this embodiment is that the pool measuring plate 2 is fixed on the upper part of the left side plate 1-2 and the right side plate 1-3. The outer side of the left side plate 1-2 and the right side plate 1-3 is provided with a side plate protrusion 1-12. The upper part of the left side plate 1-2 and the right side plate 1-3 is provided with an inflow measuring plate positioning groove 1-13. The pool measuring plate 2 is fixedly installed on the side plate protrusion 1-12 by the lower pool measuring plate long protrusion 2-1. The inflow measuring plate 3 is provided with positioning short protrusions 3-2 at both ends. At least one side of the inflow measuring plate 3 is provided with a plurality of inflow measuring points 3-1 distributed at intervals. The inflow measuring plate 3 is fixedly installed on the upper part of the left side plate 1-2 and the right side plate 1-3 by the cooperation of the positioning short protrusions 3-2 and the inflow measuring plate positioning groove 1-13.

[0063] A further optimized technical solution in this embodiment is that the upstream water tank 4 includes a fishway extension section 4-1. One end of the fishway extension section 4-1 extends into the upstream water tank 4 and has a built-in flow rectifier 4-3, while the other end extends to the outside of the upstream water tank 4 and is open. A sealing strip 4-4 wraps around the outer end of the fishway extension section 4-1. The upstream water tank 4 has an upstream water tank drain outlet 4-5 on its exterior. An embedded fishway extension section 4-1 is laid at the outlet of the upstream water tank 4, reducing the requirements for the size of the test site. The two ends of the fishway extension section 4-1 are located on the inner and outer sides of the water tank, respectively. The portion of the fishway extension section 4-1 located on the inner side of the water tank is equipped with a flow rectifier 4-3; while the portion of the fishway extension section 4-1 on the outer side of the water tank is connected to the test island fishway 1. The width of the fishway extension section 4-1 is slightly smaller than that of the island fishway 1, and its outer surface is provided with grooves for installing the sealing strip 4-4.

[0064] A further optimized technical solution in this embodiment is that the wall connecting the downstream water tank 5 and the test fish passage is provided with a fish passage connection opening 5-1, and the downstream water tank 5 and the downstream water tank outlet 5-2 are interconnected.

[0065] A further optimized technical solution in this embodiment is that the pool chamber measuring plate 2 is mounted on the side plate protrusions 1-12 of the left side plate 1-2 and the right side plate 1-3 via the lower pool chamber measuring plate elongated protrusion 2-1, which can serve to support and fix the pool chamber measuring plate. The upper part of the pool chamber measuring plate 2 is provided with a through-type measuring point arrangement 2-2. The surface of the pool chamber measuring plate 2 adopts a through-type measuring point arrangement with several measuring point channels connecting the measuring points. The pool chamber measuring plate 2, in conjunction with an open channel flow velocity meter, can quickly measure the flow velocity and other hydraulic characteristics of the required points within the pool chamber. The inflow measuring plate 3 has a set of measuring points at its front, which can be used in conjunction with an open channel flow velocity meter for fixed-point measurement of the inlet flow parameters of the island fishway.

[0066] The hydraulic characteristic testing device for an island-type fishway with a variable structure disclosed in this application is installed as follows: the island-type fishway 1 is placed on an island-type fishway platform 6, with an inclination pad 8 installed to adjust the test slope. The upstream water tank 4 is placed on an upstream water tank platform 7, which is a liftable platform to accommodate slope changes caused by changes in the angle of the island-type fishway 1. The connection between the upstream water tank 4 and the island-type fishway 1 is achieved by inserting the outer extension 4-1 of the upstream water tank 4 into the interior of the upstream section of the island-type fishway 1. A grass mat can be placed at the internal connection point for a smooth transition. The outer extension 4-1 has a groove for installing a sealing strip 4-4 to prevent leakage at the connection between the upstream water tank 4 and the island-type fishway 1. A flow rectifier 4-3 is placed on the inner extension 4-2 of the fishway to reduce turbulence in the test water flow. The downstream section of the island-type fishway 1 is directly inserted into the fishway connection opening 5-1 of the downstream water tank 5 to facilitate the discharge of water from the downstream section of the island-type fishway 1. The upstream and downstream water circulation is achieved by connecting the downstream water tank outlet 5-2, the centrifugal pump 9, and the upstream water tank outlet 4-5 through the connecting pipe 11, and the flow rate is observed through the flow meter 10 connected in between.

[0067] The specific connection method of the island-style fishway 1 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the lower ends of the left side plate 1-2 and the right side plate 1-3 are placed in the grooves on both sides of the main base plate 1-1. A waterproof strip 1-11 is placed inside the grooves connecting the left side plate 1-2, the right side plate 1-3, and the main base plate. Then, the left and right side plates (left side plate 1-2, right side plate 1-3) and the waterproof strip 1-11 are fastened through the side plate fixing thread holes 1-10 on the side of the main base plate 1-1. The left petal 1-6 is fitted with the left top buckle 1-4, and the right petal 1-7 is fitted with the right top buckle 1-5, and they are installed on the side plate protrusions 1-12 of the left and right side plates in an alternating manner. The water-blocking island 1-8 is positioned by bolting through the water-blocking island fixing thread 1-17 at the bottom of the main base plate 1-1. When not in use, the remaining water-blocking island fixing threads 1-17 are sealed with bolts and raw rubber to prevent water leakage.

[0068] The chamber measuring plate 2 is installed on the upper part of the left and right side plates of the island-type fishway 1, and the long protrusion 2-1 of the chamber measuring plate is installed on the side plate protrusions 1-12 of the left and right side plates. The inflow measuring plate 3 is installed on the inflow measuring plate positioning grooves 1-13 of the left and right side plates through the short protrusion 3-2 of the inflow measuring plate positioning. The left and right side plates and the chamber measuring plate 2, etc., can be marked with water level gauges and positioning point numbers as needed.

[0069] A test method for a test device for the hydraulic characteristics of an island-type fishway with a variable structure includes the following steps:

[0070] (1) The flow conditions and slope conditions are adjusted by the cooperation of the tilting pad 8, the centrifugal pump 9 and the flow meter 10. At least two flow rates and two slopes are selected to form four basic working conditions. The flow rate is adjusted by the centrifugal pump 9, while the slope can be changed by the tilting pad 8.

[0071] (2) Under each basic working condition, further determine different structural parameter settings, and select one set of structural parameters as the control group; for example, select 1-8 without water blocking island as the control group, and use 1 / 2 arc for left lobe 1-6 and right lobe 1-7.

[0072] (3) Determine the structural parameters that need to be changed as factors and determine the level of each factor. Use orthogonal experimental design to obtain the desired analytical data within a limited number of experiments; specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, the factors can include the shape of the water-blocking island 1-8, the distance L from the water-blocking island 1-8 to the left lobe 1-6 or the right lobe 1-7, the arc length of the left lobe 1-6 and the right lobe 1-7, and the placement angle α of the water-blocking island 1-8. Each factor has three levels: the left lobe 1-6 or the right lobe 1-7 is a 1 / 2 arc, a 3 / 8 arc, and a 1 / 4 arc; the shape of the water-blocking island 1-8 can be rectangular, circular, or teardrop-shaped; and the orthogonal array uses a four-factor, three-level orthogonal array L9.3.4. L can be any value among 3d, 4d, and 5d, the placement angle α of the water-blocking island can be any value among -40°, 0°, and 40°, and the arc radius is 2d.

[0073] (4) Read the inlet flow rate from the flow meter 10 and verify it in combination with the data measured by the inlet measuring plate 3; for the orthogonal experimental group, the flow velocity of the pool chamber is measured by the flow meter, while the water depth along the flow path is measured by the water level meter. At the same time, other target parameters can also be measured by different instruments.

[0074] (5) Use SPSS to analyze the structural parameters that have a significant impact on the target, and then conduct comparative experiments in multiple groups, such as the selected control group, the low flow velocity group, and the high water level group. Conduct detailed experiments in the form of point measurements to obtain indicators such as pool flow pattern, flow velocity distribution area ratio, and specific water depth for comparative analysis.

[0075] The above methods allow for a more comprehensive analysis of island fishways, facilitating further exploration of the impact of structural parameter changes on hydraulic characteristics and subsequent discussions on how to utilize structural parameter adjustments to address changes in the aquatic environment.

[0076] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A variable-structure island fishway hydraulic characteristics testing device, characterized in that: The application relates to an island fishway (1) which is arranged on an island fishway platform (6), one side of the island fishway platform (6) is provided with a flowmeter (10), two ends of the island fishway (1) are connected with an upstream water tank (4) and a downstream water tank (5) respectively, and a centrifugal pump (9) is connected with the upstream water tank (4) and the downstream water tank (5) through a connecting pipe (11) to realize mutual communication; a pool chamber measuring plate (2) and an inflow measuring plate (3) are arranged on the upper portion of the island fishway (1), the island fishway (1) comprises a main bottom plate (1-1), the left side plate (1-2) and the right side plate (1-3) are connected to the two sides of the main bottom plate (1-1) respectively, a plurality of left top buckles (1-4) and right top buckles (1-5) are arranged on the upper ends of the left side plate (1-2) and the right side plate (1-3) respectively, the left top buckles (1-4) and the right top buckles (1-5) are arranged alternately, a water-blocking island (1-8) is arranged on one side of a left lobe (1-6) and / or a right lobe (1-7), the left lobe (1-6) and the right lobe (1-7) are connected to the inner ends of the left top buckles (1-4) and the right top buckles (1-5) respectively, the left lobe (1-6) and the right lobe (1-7) are arranged in the shape of a circular arc and extend from the left top buckles (1-4) and the right top buckles (1-5) to the center of the island fishway (1) respectively, a plurality of arrayed screw holes (1-9) are arranged on the edge of the top surface of the main bottom plate (1-1) close to the left side plate (1-2) and the right side plate (1-3) to be used for mounting the water-blocking island (1-8), the arrayed screw holes (1-9) are uniformly distributed with a screw interval distance d as a reference in the direction of the main bottom plate (1-1), and the screw holes are scattered according to a circular arc with a radius of d on the two sides to realize the mounting of the water-blocking island (1-8) with different angles, the left lobe (1-6) and the right lobe (1-7) are arranged in the shape of a circular arc and are not closed after being connected to the left top buckles (1-4) and the right top buckles (1-5) respectively, and the water-blocking island (1-8) is arranged on one side of the direction of the circular arc opening.

2. The variable-structure test device for island-type fishway hydraulic characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inclination pad (8) is arranged at the bottom of the upstream inlet of the island fishway (1) to adjust the slope of the island fishway (1).

3. The variable-structure test device for island-type fishway hydraulic characteristics according to claim 2, characterized in that: The left lobe (1-6) and the right lobe (1-7) are any one of 1 / 2 circular arc, 3 / 8 circular arc or 1 / 4 circular arc, and the height of the left lobe (1-6) and the right lobe (1-7) is slightly lower than the height of the island fishway (1).

4. The variable-structure test device for island fishway hydraulic characteristics according to claim 3, characterized in that: The main bottom plate (1-1) is made of stainless steel.

5. The variable-structure test device for island fishway hydraulic characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-blocking island (1-8) is made of organic glass, a fixing screw hole (1-17) is arranged at the bottom of the water-blocking island (1-8), the bottom end of the water-blocking island (1-8) is fixed on the main bottom plate (1-1) through the screw hole, and the shape of the water-blocking island (1-8) is any one of a rectangle, a circle or a water drop.

6. The variable-structure test device for island fishway hydraulic characteristics according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pool chamber test plate (2) is fixed on the upper part of the left side plate (1-2) and the right side plate (1-3), the outer side of the left side plate (1-2) and the right side plate (1-3) is provided with a side plate convex groove (1-12), the upper part of the left side plate (1-2) and the right side plate (1-3) is provided with an inflow test plate positioning groove (1-13), the pool chamber test plate (2) is fixed and installed on the side plate convex groove (1-12) through the lower pool chamber test plate long convex (2-1); the inflow test plate (3) is provided with a positioning short convex (3-2) at both ends, at least one side of the inflow test plate (3) is provided with a plurality of inflow test points (3-1) distributed at intervals, and the inflow test plate (3) is fixed and installed on the upper part of the left side plate (1-2) and the right side plate (1-3) through the cooperation of the positioning short convex (3-2) and the inflow test plate positioning groove (1-13).

7. The variable-structure test device for island-type fishway hydraulic characteristics according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upstream water tank (4) comprises a fishway outer extension section (4-1), one end of the fishway outer extension section (4-1) extends into the upstream water tank (4) and is provided with a built-in flow regulating grid (4-3), the other end of the fishway outer extension section (4-1) extends to the outside of the upstream water tank (4) and is provided in an open type, and a sealing strip (4-4) is wrapped around the outer end of the fishway outer extension section (4-1). The upstream water tank (4) is provided with an upstream water tank drainage opening (4-5) on the outside.

8. The variable-structure test device for island-type fishway hydraulic characteristics according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pool chamber test plate (2) is installed on the side plate convex groove (1-12) of the left side plate (1-2) and the right side plate (1-3) through the lower pool chamber test plate long convex (2-1), and the upper part of the pool chamber test plate (2) is provided with a through-type test point arrangement (2-2).

9. The test method of the variable-structure fishway hydraulic characteristic test device according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising the following steps: (1) adjusting the flow condition and the slope condition by the cooperation of the inclination pad (8), the centrifugal pump (9) and the flow meter (10), and forming four groups of basic working conditions by selecting at least two flows and two slopes; (2) further determining different structure parameter settings under each group of basic working conditions, and selecting one group of structure parameters as a control group; (3) determining the structure parameters to be changed as factors and determining the levels of each factor, using the orthogonal experiment method to obtain analysis data; (4) reading the inlet flow from the flow meter (10) and verifying the data measured by the inflow test plate (3); for the orthogonal experiment group, the flow velocity in the pool chamber is comprehensively measured by a flow velocity meter, the water depth along the way is measured by a water level meter, and other target parameters are measured by different instruments; (5) using SPSS to analyze the structure parameters that have greater influence on the target, and then performing a control test on multiple groups, and performing a detailed test in a point measurement manner to obtain pool chamber flow pattern, flow velocity distribution area ratio and specific water depth condition indexes for comparison and analysis.

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