A high energy efficient intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of carbon dioxide capture, and discloses a high-energy-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system, a capture unit, two closed loops for alternately operating, and a closed loop for capturing and releasing carbon dioxide, wherein the closed loop is composed of a capacitive adsorption device, an inductor and a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor; an energy storage and purification unit is used for purifying and storing energy of the captured carbon dioxide in the capture unit by means of a double-layer capacitor voltage transformation separation device, and the electric energy discharged from one capture unit is stored for supplying power to the closed loop of another capture unit; the double-layer capacitor voltage transformation separation device captures carbon dioxide during the energy storage process; and an energy monitoring unit is used for monitoring the alternately operating precise control of the capacitive adsorption device in the capture unit, realizing stable operation monitoring of the capture process, and supplementing the energy of the capacitive working loop in the energy storage and purification unit.

Description

A high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide capture technology, and more specifically, to a high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of industrialization, greenhouse gas emissions are rising continuously. Developing efficient carbon dioxide capture technologies is of great significance for mitigating climate change, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, achieving emission reduction targets, promoting sustainable development, and protecting ecosystems. These technologies include chemical absorption, physical separation, membrane separation, and direct separation technologies.

[0003] Electrochemical carbon capture, as an emerging carbon capture technology, is based on the ion-driving effect of electrode plates. It reduces the concentration of carbonate or bicarbonate ions near the porous electrode / solution interface, changes the dynamic equilibrium of chemical reactions in the electrolyte, and provides a driving force for carbon dioxide adsorption, thus achieving efficient carbon dioxide capture. It has the advantages of low energy consumption, high efficiency, easy regeneration, easy maintenance and sustainability, and has broad application prospects in the field of carbon dioxide capture and storage technology.

[0004] However, the electrochemical carbon capture process is quite complex. Besides being related to the electrolyte pH and electrode materials, the efficiency of carbon dioxide capture also depends on its competitive adsorption relationship with other ions in the electrolyte. In actual operation, not only is strict control of the capture and release process necessary, but also real-time control and energy replenishment of the capacitor's charge. Manual control suffers from low precision and lag, severely limiting the in-depth application of electrochemical carbon capture technology in carbon dioxide removal and purification. Electrochemical carbon capture, based entirely on the electrical environment, is easier to design intelligently.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention provide a high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system, which uses electrochemical carbon capture technology to complete the capture and purification of carbon dioxide only through alternating operation of capacitive adsorption device and double-layer capacitor voltage transformer separation device 8.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system, comprising the following steps:

[0008] The capture unit consists of two alternately operating closed-loop circuits for capturing and releasing carbon dioxide, each closed-loop circuit comprising a capacitive adsorption device, an inductor, and a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor.

[0009] The energy storage and purification unit combines the carbon dioxide captured in the capture unit with a double-layer capacitor transformer separation device for purification and energy storage. It stores the electrical energy discharged from one capture unit and uses it to power the closed-loop circuit of another capture unit. The double-layer capacitor transformer separation device captures carbon dioxide during the energy storage process.

[0010] The energy monitoring unit is used to monitor the alternating operation of the capacitive adsorption device in the capture unit, accurately control and achieve stable operation of the capture process, and replenish the energy of the capacitor working circuit in the energy storage and purification unit.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the closed-loop circuit includes a first closed-loop circuit and a second closed-loop circuit, and the electronic components in the two closed-loop circuits are exactly the same.

[0012] Both the first closed-loop circuit and the second closed-loop circuit are composed of a capacitive adsorption device, an inductor, and a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor.

[0013] The capacitive adsorption device is connected to an inductor via a series resistor, and the inductor is connected to the capacitive adsorption device via a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the capacitive adsorption device includes an electrolyte containing sodium and chloride ions or high-salt wastewater, and an anion / cation exchange membrane is disposed between the electrode surface of the capacitive adsorption device and the solution to selectively transfer anions or cations.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor controls the current in the circuit by controlling the voltage difference between the gate and the source, thereby controlling the charging and discharging process of the capacitor adsorption device. The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is a switch.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device consists of a current collector on each side, two porous electrodes (positive and negative), an insulating separator between the positive and negative electrodes, an anion exchange membrane, and a conductive porous pad on the outside of the negative electrode. A mixed gas is added to the current collector corresponding to the negative electrode. The mixed gas is stored in the pores of the conductive porous material pad under the attraction of van der Waals forces. The conductive porous material is in close contact with the negative electrode. During charging, carbon dioxide-derived ions are displaced at the solid / liquid interface between the negative electrode plate and the electrolyte, providing a driving force for the continuous absorption of carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide-derived ions meet the hydrogen ions displaced by the anode through the anion exchange membrane, realizing the continuous precipitation and purification of carbon dioxide.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the specific application logic of the energy monitoring unit is as follows:

[0018] The current signal detected by the current sensor during the circuit's operation is amplified and rectified by an amplification and rectification device before being transmitted to a comparator to obtain the output current. This output current is then compared with the preset minimum current I for the circuit's stable operating state. min and maximum current I max After comparison;

[0019] If the output current is greater than the maximum current I max The control system will control the voltage and reduce the current to a minimum I. min and maximum current I max between;

[0020] If the output current is at the minimum current I min and maximum current I max There is no external current control in between;

[0021] If the output current is less than the minimum current I min The external current provided by the control system is introduced into the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device in the form of DC.

[0022] Secondly, the present invention provides a high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture method, characterized in that it is based on the implementation of the aforementioned high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system, using a first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor and a second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor as switches, sequentially opening and closing, the specific steps including:

[0023] Step 1: When the voltage difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is lower than the threshold voltage, the gate of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is disconnected, causing the first closed-loop circuit to disconnect from the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device. At this time, the first closed-loop circuit circuit discharges the first capacitor adsorption device, and carbon dioxide is released and recovered during the discharge process. The first inductor converts electrical energy into magnetic energy for energy recovery.

[0024] At the same time, the second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is in a closed state, the second closed-loop circuit is closed with the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device, the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device charges the second capacitor adsorption device, at this time the second inductor plays the role of stabilizing the current, so that the charging mode of the second capacitor adsorption device is constant current charging, and at this time the second capacitor adsorption device takes over the first capacitor adsorption device to capture carbon dioxide.

[0025] Step 2: If the voltage difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage, then the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is closed and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is open. At this time, the first closed-loop circuit and the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device form a loop, and the second closed-loop circuit forms a loop, but is disconnected from the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device.

[0026] The energy stored in the first inductor charges the double-layer capacitor transformer decoupling device in the form of direct current. During this charging process, the double-layer capacitor transformer decoupling device also performs carbon capture. A current sensor detects the current magnitude, which is then amplified and rectified before being supplied with external current by the control system. The external supply current is controlled by the first and second comparators to maintain a specific value. min with I max During this period, the first capacitive adsorption device is in a charging state, and both it and the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device produce carbon capture effects. However, the electro-adsorption mechanisms of the first capacitive adsorption device and the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device are not exactly the same. At the same time, the second closed-loop circuit undergoes the same process as the first closed-loop circuit in step one, that is, the second capacitive adsorption device discharges, and electrical energy is stored in the second inductor.

[0027] Step one and step two are run alternately in sequence, realizing a continuous process of carbon dioxide capture, release and energy recovery, and achieving energy recovery and recycling.

[0028] The technical effects and advantages of the high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] 1) This invention directly captures carbon based on the electrochemical reaction occurring in the capacitive adsorption device. The regeneration process occurs during the discharge process of the capacitive adsorption device and at the positive electrode of the double-layer capacitor transformer. After capturing carbon dioxide, there is no need for additional high-energy-consuming regeneration of the adsorption material, thus improving the carbon capture rate throughout the entire process. The capacitive adsorption device only requires a low voltage of about 1V to operate the carbon capture process, and it can be powered entirely by photovoltaic power. Furthermore, the system can efficiently recover electrical energy during operation, exhibiting extremely high energy utilization efficiency.

[0030] 2) The control of the system of the present invention only involves current, voltage and other related information, and does not require additional control of thermodynamic variables such as pressure and temperature. The fewer control parameters make it easier to measure and control accurately. Through intelligent control of current signals, the current status in the carbon dioxide capture operation loop can be monitored in real time, and the charge of related capacitor devices can be replenished synchronously. The operation control is simple and easy to maintain. Multiple units can be connected in parallel, which is easy to expand and can realize large-scale carbon capture.

[0031] 3) The system of the present invention does not require a high temperature and high pressure environment, has no safety risks, and can carry out carbon capture and high salinity wastewater treatment simultaneously. Wastewater treatment can be carried out based on the principle of capacitive deionization through the capacitive adsorption device in the combined system, maximizing the adsorption capacity of the porous electrode to achieve the recovery of high-value ions in wastewater and the capture of carbon dioxide in the pores of the negative electrode plate.

[0032] 4) The system of the present invention achieves continuous operation of the capture process based on the alternating operation of the capacitive adsorption device, and there is no situation where the carbon capture function stops during the regeneration process. When charging, the capacitive adsorption device captures carbon, and the double electric layer capacitive transformer separation device discharges to supply energy; when discharging, the capacitive adsorption device releases carbon, and the double electric layer capacitive transformer separation device stores energy and also plays the role of capturing carbon. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system;

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a capacitive adsorption device for capturing carbon dioxide.

[0035] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device for capturing and purifying carbon dioxide. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] Please refer to Figure 1. This embodiment of a high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system includes a capture unit 100, an energy storage and purification unit 200, and an energy monitoring unit 300. The above modules are connected by wired and / or wireless connections to realize data transmission between the modules.

[0039] The capture unit 100 has two alternately operating closed-loop circuits for capturing and releasing carbon dioxide. The closed-loop circuits consist of a capacitive adsorption device, an inductor, and a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor.

[0040] Specifically, the first closed-loop circuit consists of a capacitive adsorption device 1, an inductor 2, and a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 3; the second closed-loop circuit consists of a capacitive adsorption device 4, an inductor 5, and a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 6; the electronic components in the two closed-loop circuits are exactly the same.

[0041] The capacitive adsorption devices 1 and 4 are core components for capturing and releasing carbon dioxide. These devices include an electrolyte containing sodium and chloride ions. The presence of sodium and chloride ions increases the conductivity of the electrolyte solution and promotes the adsorption of carbon dioxide. Other high-salt wastewater can also be selected, thus achieving wastewater desalination. An anion / cation exchange membrane is placed between the surface of the porous electrode and the solution to selectively transfer anions or cations, preventing ions of the same charge from entering the electrode and affecting the adsorption capacity. During charging, a carbon dioxide mixture is introduced to the negative electrode side, where it is ionized in the alkaline environment of the negative electrode to form CO3. 2- and HCO3 - Form capture;

[0042] It should be noted here that if capacitive adsorption devices 1 and 4 are charging and capturing carbon dioxide, the acidic environment at the positive electrode causes the carbon dioxide gas to form carbon ions (HCO3). - CO3 2- The adsorption is absorbed into the electrode pores; if the capacitive adsorption devices 1 and 4 are in the discharge state, an alkaline environment is generated, which is released in the form of carbon dioxide gas.

[0043] Inductors 2 and 5 stabilize the current in capacitor adsorption devices 1 and 4 during charging to prevent excessive current fluctuations; and during discharging, they convert the electrical energy in capacitor adsorption devices 1 and 4 into magnetic energy to recover energy for the charging process.

[0044] Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors 3 and 6 control the current in the circuit by controlling the voltage between the gate and the source, thereby controlling the charging and discharging process of the capacitor adsorption devices 1 and 4. During the entire system operation, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors 3 and 6 act as switches, opening and closing sequentially.

[0045] The voltage difference between the gate and source in the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 3 causes a change in the carriers near the semiconductor below the oxide in contact with the gate, forming a trench with the same polarity as the drain and source, thus enabling conduction between the drain and source and completing current transfer. At this time, the capacitor adsorption devices 1 and 4 are charged, and the current in the circuit can be controlled by the voltage between the gate and source. When the voltage provided by the power supply to the gate and source is less than the threshold voltage, the drain and source are in an open state.

[0046] It should be noted here that the oxide in contact with the gate serves as an insulating layer between the gate and the substrate.

[0047] The two closed-loop circuits are controlled by metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, which alternately connect to the energy storage and purification unit 200. Utilizing the energy transfer function of the energy storage and purification unit 200, the two closed loops alternately charge and discharge. The capacitive adsorption device in the closed-loop circuit captures carbon dioxide during charging and releases high-purity carbon dioxide during discharging.

[0048] The energy storage and purification unit 200 serves a dual purpose: supercapacitor energy storage and carbon dioxide capture and purification. The energy storage function stores electrical energy when one capture unit 100 discharges, which is then used to power the closed-loop circuit of the other capture unit 100. The carbon dioxide capture and purification function involves the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device 8 capturing carbon dioxide from the mixed gas (or the carbon dioxide gas captured by the capture unit 100, for further purification) during the energy storage process. The ionized carbon dioxide migrates to the positive electrode under the influence of the electric field and is released into high-purity carbon dioxide in the strong acid environment of the positive electrode, further improving the overall carbon dioxide capture efficiency of the intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system.

[0049] The specific application logic of the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device 8 is as follows:

[0050] A mixed gas is added to the negative electrode current collector corresponding to the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device 8. The mixed gas is attracted by van der Waals forces and stored within the pores of a conductive porous material gasket (such as carbon cloth). The conductive porous material is in close contact with the negative electrode. During charging, carbon dioxide-derived ions (HCO3-) are generated at the solid / liquid interface between the negative electrode plate and the electrolyte. - CO3 2- The removal of carbon dioxide by the anion exchange membrane provides the driving force for the continuous absorption of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide-derived ions meet the hydrogen ions removed by the anode through the anion exchange membrane, thereby achieving continuous precipitation and purification of carbon dioxide.

[0051] Although both capacitive adsorption devices 1 and 4 and double-layer capacitive transformer separation device 8 have the functions of energy storage and carbon dioxide capture, their structures, principles and effects are completely different. The former requires external energy to drive the liquid flow inside the device to achieve carbon capture, and it is easy to connect multiple devices in series to increase the capture scale. Therefore, the carbon capture effect is strong, but the energy storage effect is slightly lower. In the latter device, the liquid is stationary and does not require external energy supply. Electrolyte ions and ionized carbon dioxide move under the action of the electric field during charging. It also has the function of carbon capture during the energy storage process. Therefore, it is mainly for energy storage and secondarily for carbon capture.

[0052] The energy monitoring unit 300 uses the metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor in the trapping unit 100 as a switch to open and close in sequence, and the capacitor adsorption device alternately operates to precisely control and realize the stable operation and monitoring of the trapping process, as well as to replenish the energy of the capacitor working circuit in the energy storage and purification unit 200.

[0053] Specifically, the system utilizes an isolation driver, current sensor, amplification and rectification device, comparator, and control system to perform multiple functions, including energy replenishment of the capacitor working circuit, precise control of the alternating operation of the adsorption device, and stable monitoring of the capture process.

[0054] The specific application logic of the energy monitoring unit 300 is as follows:

[0055] The current signal detected by the current sensor 10 during the operation of the circuit is amplified and rectified by the amplification and rectification device 11 and then transmitted to the comparators 12 and 13 to obtain the output current. The output current is compared with the minimum and maximum current (I) set by the user for the stable operation of the circuit. min I max After comparison;

[0056] If the output current is greater than the maximum current I max Then, inductors 1 and 5 discharge, converting the electrical energy in the capacitor adsorption device into magnetic energy. This energy is then released and stored in the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device in subsequent processes, thus recovering energy to replenish the charging process. Then, control system 14 reduces the current to I. min and I max Between these steps, it is important to avoid excessive current that could damage the electrodes in the capacitive adsorption device and the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device.

[0057] If the output current is at the minimum current I min and maximum current I max Between these two points, inductors 1 and 5 are charged to stabilize the current in the capacitor adsorption device. The current enters the capacitor adsorption device in the form of direct current to stabilize the carbon capture effect, and no current control is performed.

[0058] If the output current is less than the minimum current I min The external current provided by the control system 14 is introduced into the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device in the form of DC.

[0059] It should be noted here that: real-time current adjustment and replenishment are performed based on the operating status, I min I max The specific value depends on multiple factors, including the structure and electrode properties of the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device 8 and the capacitor adsorption devices 1 and 4. The optimal value needs to be determined during the entire system debugging process. min I max To achieve the best carbon capture effect;

[0060] The system operation status is monitored by the control system 14. When the system power loss is large, external photovoltaic power is introduced into the system to ensure the good operation of the entire system.

[0061] In this system, inductor 7 stabilizes the current by introducing the external current provided by control system 14 into the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device in DC form. During the charging process, inductors 1 and 5 stabilize the current in the capacitor adsorption device, which enters the capacitor adsorption device in DC form to stabilize the carbon capture effect. During the discharging process, the capacitor adsorption device outputs electrical energy with varying current (the current decreases over time). At this time, the inductor converts the electrical energy in the capacitor adsorption device into magnetic energy, which will be released and stored in the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device in the subsequent process, thereby recovering energy to replenish the charging process.

[0062] The isolation driver 9 converts the input signal into an output signal while isolating the input and output circuits to protect other components in the circuit.

[0063] It is important to note that the input signal is a control signal or data from an external circuit or sensor. It is sent to the input port of the isolation driver and then processed by the isolation circuit inside the driver. The main task of the isolation driver is to convert the input signal into an isolated output signal to ensure that the electrical characteristics of the input signal (such as voltage and current) will not adversely affect the connected circuits or equipment. The output signal has the same information as the input signal, but after isolation, it will not propagate electrical interference or noise. It is crucial to ensure the safety of isolation when transmitting signals or control commands between different circuits, especially in industrial and electronic applications.

[0064] The control system 14 detects the current signal when the circuit is in operation through a current sensor. The weak electrical signal is amplified and rectified by an amplification and rectification device and then transmitted to a comparator. After being compared with the minimum and maximum currents of the circuit in stable operating conditions set by the user, the current is adjusted and supplemented in real time according to the operating conditions. This is an important guarantee for the continuous operation of carbon capture.

[0065] It should be noted here that a current sensor is used to detect the current signal of the circuit's operating status.

[0066] Weak electrical signals are amplified and rectified for transmission using an amplification and rectification device.

[0067] Comparators 12 and 13 are used to compare the current signal with the minimum and maximum currents of the manually set stable operating state of the circuit, and real-time current adjustment and replenishment are performed on the operating state to ensure continuous carbon capture.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] Please refer to Figure 2. For details not described in this embodiment, please refer to the description in Embodiment 1. This embodiment provides a high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system, including the following steps:

[0070] Step 1: When the voltage difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor 3 is lower than the threshold voltage, the gate of the metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor 3 is disconnected, causing the first closed-loop circuit to disconnect from the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device 8. At this time, the first closed-loop circuit circuit discharges the capacitor adsorption device 1, and carbon dioxide is released and recovered during the discharge process. The inductor 2 converts electrical energy into magnetic energy for energy recovery.

[0071] At the same time, the metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor 6 is in a closed state, the second closed loop circuit is closed with the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device 8, the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device 8 charges the capacitor adsorption device 4, at this time the inductor 5 plays the role of stabilizing the current, so that the capacitor adsorption device 4 is charged by constant current charging, and at this time the capacitor adsorption device 4 takes over the carbon dioxide capture from the capacitor adsorption device 1.

[0072] Step 2: If the voltage difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 3 is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage, then the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 3 is closed and the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 6 is open. At this time, the first closed-loop circuit and the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device 8 form a loop, and the second closed-loop circuit forms a loop, but is disconnected from the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device 8.

[0073] The energy stored in inductor 2 charges the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device 8 in the form of direct current. During this charging process, the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device 8 also performs carbon capture. Current sensor 10 detects the current magnitude. After passing through amplification and rectification device 11, external current is provided through control system 14. The external power supply current is controlled by first comparator 12 and second comparator 13 to maintain a current level of I. min with I max During this period, the capacitive adsorption device 1 is in a charging state and simultaneously generates carbon capture with the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device 8. However, the electro-adsorption mechanism of the capacitive adsorption device 1 and the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device 8 is not exactly the same. At the same time, the second closed-loop circuit undergoes the same process as the first closed-loop circuit in step one, that is, the capacitive adsorption device 4 discharges and electrical energy is stored in the inductor 5.

[0074] Step one and step two are run alternately in sequence, realizing a continuous process of carbon dioxide capture, release and energy recovery, and achieving energy recovery and recycling.

[0075] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0076] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system, characterized in that, include: The capture unit consists of two alternately operating closed-loop circuits for capturing and releasing carbon dioxide. Each closed-loop circuit comprises a capacitive adsorption device, an inductor, and a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. The energy storage and purification unit purifies and stores the carbon dioxide captured in the capture unit using a double-layer capacitor transformer separator. It stores the electrical energy discharged from one capture unit to power the closed-loop circuit of the other capture unit. The double-layer capacitor transformer separator captures carbon dioxide during the energy storage process. The energy monitoring unit monitors the alternating operation of the capacitive adsorption devices in the capture unit for precise control and stable operation of the capture process, as well as replenishes the energy in the capacitor circuit of the energy storage and purification unit.

2. The high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The closed-loop circuit includes a first closed-loop circuit and a second closed-loop circuit, and the electronic components in the two closed-loop circuits are exactly the same. Both the first closed-loop circuit and the second closed-loop circuit are composed of a capacitive adsorption device, an inductor, and a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor. The capacitive adsorption device is connected to the inductor through a series resistor, and the inductor is connected in series to the capacitive adsorption device through the metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor.

3. The high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The capacitive adsorption device includes an electrolyte containing sodium and chloride ions. An anion / cation exchange membrane is disposed between the surface of the corresponding electrode and the solution to selectively transfer anions or cations. During charging, a carbon dioxide mixture is introduced into the negative electrode side, where it is ionized in the alkaline environment of the negative electrode to form CO3. 2- and HCO3 - Form capture.

4. The high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor controls the current in the circuit by controlling the voltage difference between the gate and the source, thereby controlling the charging and discharging process of the capacitive adsorption device. The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is a switch.

5. The high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The double-layer capacitor transformer separation device consists of a current collector on each side, two porous electrodes (positive and negative), an insulating separator between the positive and negative electrodes, an anion exchange membrane, and a conductive porous pad on the outside of the negative electrode. A mixed gas is added to the current collector corresponding to the negative electrode. The mixed gas is attracted by van der Waals forces and stored in the pores of the conductive porous material pad. The conductive porous material is in close contact with the negative electrode. During charging, carbon dioxide-derived ions are displaced at the solid / liquid interface between the negative electrode plate and the electrolyte, providing a driving force for the continuous absorption of carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide-derived ions meet the hydrogen ions displaced by the anode through the anion exchange membrane, realizing the continuous precipitation and purification of carbon dioxide.

6. The high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific application logic of the energy monitoring unit is as follows: A current sensor detects the current signal during the circuit's operation. An amplification and rectification device amplifies and rectifies the weak electrical signal, which is then transmitted to a comparator to obtain the output current. This output current is then compared with the preset minimum current I for the circuit's stable operating state. min and maximum current I max After comparison; If the output current is greater than the maximum current I max The control system then reduces the current magnitude until I min and I max Between; if the output current is within the minimum current I min and maximum current I max In between, no current control is performed; If the output current is less than the minimum current I min The external current provided by the control system is introduced into the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device in the form of DC.

7. A highly energy-efficient intelligent electrochemical carbon capture method, characterized in that, Based on the realization of a high-efficiency intelligent electrochemical carbon capture system as described in claim 6, the system uses a first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) and a second MOSFET as switches, which are sequentially opened and closed. The specific steps include: Step 1: When the voltage difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the first MOSFET is lower than the threshold voltage, the gate of the first MOSFET is opened, disconnecting the first closed-loop circuit from the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device. At this time, the first closed-loop circuit discharges the first capacitor adsorption device, recovering carbon dioxide during the discharge process, and the first inductor converts electrical energy into magnetic energy for energy recovery. Simultaneously, the second MOSFET is closed, closing the second closed-loop circuit and the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device. The double-layer capacitor transformer separation device charges the second capacitor adsorption device, at which point the second inductor acts as a stabilizer. The constant current ensures that the second capacitive adsorption device is charged using a constant current method, and at this time, the second capacitive adsorption device takes over the carbon dioxide capture from the first capacitive adsorption device. Step two: If the voltage difference between the gate voltage and source voltage of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage, the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor closes, and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor opens. At this time, the first closed-loop circuit forms a loop with the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device, and the second closed-loop circuit forms a loop but is disconnected from the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device. The energy stored in the first inductor charges the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device in the form of direct current. During this charging process, the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device also performs carbon capture. The current sensor detects the current magnitude, and after amplification and rectification, the external current is provided by the control system. The external power supply current is controlled by the first and second comparators. and During this period, the first capacitive adsorption device is in a charging state, and both it and the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device produce carbon capture effects. However, the electro-adsorption mechanisms of the first capacitive adsorption device and the double-layer capacitor transformer separation device are not exactly the same. At the same time, the second closed-loop circuit undergoes the same process as the first closed-loop circuit in step one, that is, the second capacitive adsorption device discharges, and electrical energy is stored in the second inductor. Step one and step two are operated alternately in sequence, realizing a continuous carbon dioxide capture, release, and energy recovery process, and achieving energy recovery and recycling.

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