A protection device for a high and steep slope at a tunnel portal

Abstract

This application provides a protective device for steep slopes at tunnel entrances, comprising a protective net, multiple sets of anchoring mechanisms for fixing the protective net to the slope, and reinforcing plates connecting every two adjacent anchoring mechanisms. Each set of anchoring mechanisms is located at each corner of the protective net. The anchoring mechanism includes pre-embedded anchor seats embedded in the slope soil and anchor rods fixed to the pre-embedded anchor seats. The anchor rods and pre-embedded anchor seats together clamp and fix the protective net, and the anchor rods pass through the pre-embedded anchor seats and are anchored inside the slope soil. Reinforcing plates are connected between adjacent pre-embedded anchor seats, and the sides of the reinforcing plates are provided with positioning nails that pass through the protective net and are anchored inside the slope soil. Therefore, the reinforcing plates, pre-embedded anchor seats, and anchor rods together form an overall anchoring system for the protective net. When a local location becomes loose, the impact on the overall anchoring system is relatively small, which helps maintain the protective net's good protective capability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of slope protection technology, and in particular to a protective device for steep slopes at tunnel entrances. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels are structures built into mountains to carry railways or highways for motor vehicles. In some steep mountains, the slopes at the tunnel entrance are quite high and steep, posing a risk of rockfall and safety hazards. Therefore, mine slope protection measures are necessary. Tunnel entrance slope protection refers to the reinforcement and protection devices installed on the slope to ensure the safety of the slope and its surrounding environment.

[0003] Currently, existing reinforcement and protection devices generally use protective nets, which are placed on the slope surface and then fixed with anchor bolts to achieve the protection effect. However, for steep slopes, the anchor bolts are prone to loosening or even detaching from the slope soil due to rainwater erosion and soil loss, which weakens or even eliminates the protective effect of the nets and still poses a safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to ensure that the protective netting maintains good protective capabilities, this application provides a protective device for steep slopes at tunnel entrances.

[0005] The protective device for steep slopes at tunnel entrances provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A protective device for a steep slope at a tunnel entrance includes a protective net, multiple sets of anchoring mechanisms for fixing the protective net to the slope, and reinforcing plates connected between each pair of adjacent anchoring mechanisms. Each set of anchoring mechanisms is respectively located at each corner of the protective net.

[0007] The anchoring mechanism includes a pre-embedded anchor seat that is pre-buried in the slope soil and an anchor rod fixed to the pre-embedded anchor seat. The anchor rod and the pre-embedded anchor seat together clamp and fix the protective net, and the anchor rod passes through the pre-embedded anchor seat and is anchored inside the slope soil.

[0008] The reinforcing plate is connected between adjacent pre-embedded anchors, and the side of the reinforcing plate is provided with positioning nails, which pass through the protective net and are anchored inside the slope soil.

[0009] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solution, this application pre-embeds multiple anchor seats on the steep slope outside the tunnel entrance. After the protective net is laid on the slope surface, the pre-embedded anchor seats are located at each corner of the protective net. By passing the positioning nails of the reinforcing plate through the mesh gaps of the protective net and connecting the two ends of the reinforcing plate to the adjacent pre-embedded anchor seats, the reinforcing plate can anchor the corners of the protective net to the slope. Finally, anchor rods are inserted into the pre-embedded anchor seats. The anchor rods can anchor and reinforce the corners of the protective net, thus forming an overall anchoring system for the protective net. When local soil erosion occurs on the slope, the anchoring mechanism or the positioning nails at local locations may loosen, but the impact on the overall anchoring system is small, allowing the protective net to maintain good protective capabilities.

[0010] Optionally, the pre-embedded anchor has an axially penetrating cavity, and the outer circumferential surface of the pre-embedded anchor has multiple mounting slots that communicate with the cavity, and each mounting slot is movably fitted with a pusher.

[0011] The end of the jacking component is provided with an abutment part. In the initial state, each jacking component retracts into the installation groove. At this time, each abutment part abuts against each other to form a penetration area for the tip of the anchor rod to pass through. The anchor rod is inserted into the cavity. When the anchor rod enters the cavity, the anchor rod enters the penetration area and forces each abutment part to move away from each other, so that each jacking component is finally inserted into the slope soil.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the anchor rod is inserted into the cavity of the pre-embedded anchor seat. After the tip of the anchor rod enters the penetration area and abuts against each abutment part, the anchor rod continues to move inward. The anchor rod can push open each abutment part, thereby forcing each pushing part to be inserted into the soil outside the pre-embedded anchor seat. This can play a role in anchoring and reinforcement, enhance the anchoring strength between the anchoring mechanism and the slope soil, and reduce the possibility of the pre-embedded anchor seat or anchor rod becoming loose or accidentally falling off.

[0013] Optionally, the outer circumferential surface of the anchor bolt is provided with a guide block, and the inner wall of the cavity is provided with a guide groove that is adapted to the sliding of the guide block; wherein, the guide groove includes a straight segment and an arc segment that are connected to each other, the extension direction of the straight segment is the same as the axial direction of the cavity, and the arc segment extends spirally along the axial direction of the cavity.

[0014] The top of the guide block is equipped with an elastic component. When the guide block is in a straight section, the elastic component is positioned directly opposite the gap between the two abutting parts. When the guide block is in an arc section, the elastic component abuts against the lower end face of the abutting part. A reinforcing component for enhancing anchoring stress is also provided between the anchor rod and the pre-embedded anchor seat.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when the anchor rod is inserted into the cavity of the pre-embedded anchor seat, the guide block eventually enters the arc section along the straight section, which can cause the anchor rod to deflect at a certain angle, so that the elastic component can automatically abut against the lower end face of the abutment part; at this time, the elastic component can generate elastic force acting on the anchor rod, thereby reducing vibration when vehicles pass through tunnels or slopes, and converting the rigid connection of the anchor rod into an elastic connection, which can play an elastic buffering role when sand and gravel accumulate on the slope and the protective net, further reducing the possibility of loosening or detachment at the corners of the protective net.

[0016] Optionally, multiple sets of reinforcing components are provided, and all reinforcing components are evenly distributed along the outer periphery of the anchor rod; wherein, the reinforcing component includes a rotating rod rotatably connected to the anchor rod and a telescopic arm assembly set at the end of the pre-embedded anchor seat, and a torsion spring is provided at the rotatable connection between the rotating rod and the anchor rod to force the rotating rod to be set at an angle to the anchor rod in normal state.

[0017] When the anchor rod is inserted into the cavity and the guide block is located in the arc segment, the rotating rod is located on the side of the pre-embedded anchor away from the protective net; when the anchor rod is subjected to force and moves outward, the rotating rod can resist the pre-embedded anchor and deflect outward, and force the telescopic boom assembly to extend outward.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, when the anchor rod moves upward under force and the elastic component abuts against the contact part, the anchor rod of the reinforcing component moves upward and abuts against the end face of the pre-embedded anchor seat through the set reinforcing component, which can make the anchor rod rotate outward naturally; finally, the anchor rod enters the telescopic arm assembly and forces the telescopic arm assembly to extend outward, which can further enhance the anchoring strength between the pre-embedded anchor seat and the slope soil, and further reduce the possibility of loosening or detachment at the corner of the protective net.

[0019] Optionally, the telescopic boom assembly includes a fixed boom plate fixed to the outer periphery of the pre-embedded anchor seat and a movable boom plate movably connected to the fixed boom plate. A tension spring is provided between the movable boom plate and the fixed boom plate to force the movable boom plate to move closer to the fixed boom plate. In the initial state, an active area is formed between the movable boom plate and the fixed boom plate. When the rotating rod abuts against the pre-embedded anchor seat, the rotating rod enters the active area and forces the movable boom plate to move away from the fixed boom plate.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the tension spring can keep the movable arm plate moving closer to the fixed arm plate. When the protective net is subjected to force, forcing the anchor rod to move outward, the rotating rod abuts against the pre-embedded anchor seat and deflects outward, entering the movable area formed between the movable arm plate and the fixed arm plate. During the outward deflection of the rotating rod, the movable arm plate is gradually forced to move away from the fixed arm plate, ultimately allowing the movable arm plate to be inserted into the slope soil. As can be seen, the greater the force exerted on the protective net, the stronger the force exerted by the rotating rod on the movable arm plate. This further enhances the anchoring strength of the anchoring mechanism when slope soil erosion and accumulation occur on the protective net, reducing the possibility of loosening or detachment at the corners of the protective net.

[0021] Optionally, the telescopic boom assembly is inclined downwards in a direction away from the central axis of the pre-embedded anchor.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, by tilting the telescopic boom assembly downwards and rotating the rods to force the movable boom plate to move away from the fixed boom plate, the movable boom plate can tilt downwards and insert into the slope soil, increasing the anchoring depth and thus strengthening the anchoring effect.

[0023] Optionally, the pusher is inclined upwards in a direction away from the central axis of the cavity.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, by tilting the jacking component upward, it is beneficial for each jacking component to retract into the installation groove under natural conditions, and for each abutting part to abut against each other to form a through area, so as to facilitate the smooth installation of the pre-embedded anchor in the slope soil.

[0025] Optionally, the outer periphery of the pre-embedded anchor is provided with a connecting section. After the pre-embedded anchor is buried in the slope soil, the connecting section abuts against the slope surface. The reinforcing plate is provided with a waist-shaped hole. The connecting section is rotatably connected with a locking member. The end of the locking member has a locking plate. The locking plate and the connecting section are spaced apart to form a positioning area for positioning the reinforcing plate.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, when installing the reinforcing plate, firstly, the locking plate and the oblong hole are kept parallel in length direction and placed directly opposite each other. Then, the reinforcing plate is forced to anchor to the slope soil, and the locking plate can pass smoothly through the oblong hole. Finally, the locking member is rotated so that the length direction of the locking plate is perpendicular to the length direction of the strip hole. At this time, the reinforcing plate can be firmly fixed in the positioning area to achieve a quick connection between the reinforcing plate and the pre-embedded anchor.

[0027] Optionally, the back of the reinforcing plate is provided with an elastic pad, and the surface of the reinforcing plate is provided with a first toothed portion, which is located outside the waist-shaped hole; the side of the locking plate near the connecting section is provided with a second toothed portion, and when the length direction of the locking plate is perpendicular to the length direction of the waist-shaped hole, the first toothed portion and the second toothed portion match and engage.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the setting of the elastic pad allows for elastic movement between the reinforcing plate and the slope soil, which can play an elastic buffering role when sand and gravel accumulate on the protective net, reducing the possibility of deformation or even local breakage of the protective net. In addition, when the reinforcing plate is installed in the connecting section, the interlocking between the first toothed part and the second toothed part realizes the locking plate and the reinforcing plate in a coordinated positioning, which can facilitate the installation of the reinforcing plate while reducing the possibility of accidental detachment of the reinforcing plate, so that the protective net maintains a good slope protection effect.

[0029] Optionally, it also includes a pre-embedded water guide plate that is pre-buried in the slope soil. The pre-embedded water guide plate has perforations, and the positioning nail passes through the protective net and the perforations in sequence and is then anchored in the slope soil.

[0030] The pre-embedded water guide plate is provided with a permeable structure, which includes a permeable groove opened on the top of the pre-embedded water guide plate and a geotextile covering the permeable groove. Green cultivation blocks are installed inside the pre-embedded water guide plate, and reserved holes are provided on the side of the pre-embedded water guide plate for the roots of the green cultivation blocks to pass through.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, the installation of pre-embedded water guide plates can form a drainage structure inside the slope, thereby reducing the infiltration and deposition of rainwater into the slope soil during rainfall, and reducing the possibility of water and soil runoff. Specifically, rainwater in the slope soil seeps downwards into the pre-embedded water guide plates through permeable channels. The geotextile acts as a soil barrier, reducing the possibility of blockage inside the pre-embedded water guide plates. The green cultivation blocks planted inside the pre-embedded water guide plates absorb water and grow smoothly, and their roots can take root in the slope soil through the reserved holes, which can enhance the anchoring effect of the pre-embedded water guide plates and ensure the normal use of the drainage structure inside the slope.

[0032] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0033] 1. By combining reinforced plates, embedded anchors, and anchor rods to form an overall anchoring system for the protective net, the impact on the overall anchoring system is relatively small when a local loosening occurs, which helps the protective net maintain its good protective capabilities.

[0034] 2. By setting up jacking components, after the anchor rods are inserted into the cavity of the pre-embedded anchor seat, each jacking component can be forced to move outward and be inserted into the soil outside the pre-embedded anchor seat, thereby enhancing the anchoring strength between the anchoring mechanism and the slope soil and reducing the possibility of the pre-embedded anchor seat or anchor rods becoming loose or accidentally falling off.

[0035] 3. By setting up reinforcing components, when the slope soil accumulates and the protective net and anchor rods are subjected to force and deflect outward, the rotating rods can abut against the pre-embedded anchors and deflect outward, forcing the movable arm plate to move away from the fixed arm plate. The movable arm plate is finally inserted into the slope soil at an angle downward, which can further enhance the anchoring strength of the anchoring mechanism and reduce the possibility of loosening or detachment at the corners of the protective net. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the protective device in this embodiment;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-embedded anchor in this embodiment;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-embedded water guide plate in this embodiment;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the pre-embedded water guide plate in this embodiment;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the reinforcing plate is installed on the pre-embedded water guide plate in this embodiment;

[0041] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a half-sectional view of the pre-embedded anchor in this embodiment;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the anchor rod in this embodiment;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the anchor rod is inserted into the cavity of the pre-embedded anchor seat in this embodiment;

[0045] Figure 10 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0046] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Protective net; 2. Embedded anchor; 21. Cavity; 22. Pushing component; 221. Abutting part; 23. Mounting groove; 24. Guide groove; 241. Straight section; 242. Curved section; 25. Connecting section; 26. Locking component; 261. Locking plate; 262. Second toothed part; 3. Anchor bolt; 31. Guide block; 32. Elastic component; 321. Hard spring; 322. Load-bearing block; 33. Cover part; 4. Reinforcing plate; 41. Waist-shaped hole; 42. First toothed part; 43. Positioning pin;

[0047] 5. Embedded water guide plate; 51. First plate; 52. Second plate; 521. Permeable trough; 522. Geotextile; 53. Third plate; 531. Positioning column; 54. Fourth plate; 55. Fifth plate; 56. Steel grid frame; 57. Green cultivation block; 58. Perforation; 6. Reinforcing component; 61. Rotating rod; 62. Torsion spring; 63. Telescopic arm assembly; 64. Fixed arm plate; 641. Strip hole; 65. Movable arm plate; 651. Connector; 652. Inclined surface; 66. Tension spring. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-10 This application will be described in further detail.

[0049] This application discloses a protective device for steep slopes at tunnel entrances.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 A protective device for steep slopes at tunnel entrances includes a protective net 1, multiple sets of anchoring mechanisms, multiple reinforcing plates 4, and multiple pre-embedded water guide plates 5. During the specific installation of the protective device, multiple protective nets 1 are laid sequentially on the slope surface. The protective devices used to fix the protective nets 1 have the same structure. This embodiment uses the installation of a single protective net 1 as an example for illustration.

[0051] The protective netting 1 has a rectangular structure, and four sets of anchoring mechanisms are installed at the four corners of the netting 1 to anchor it to the slope. Specifically, the anchoring mechanism includes pre-embedded anchor seats 2 and anchor rods 3; refer to... Figure 2 The pre-embedded anchor 2 is a cylindrical structure, and it has a cavity 21 for inserting anchors. The cavity 21 extends through both ends of the pre-embedded anchor 2 along its axial direction. During construction, installation holes need to be pre-dug on the slope surface. Before installing the protective net 1, the pre-embedded anchor 2 is installed in the installation holes.

[0052] In addition, the end face of the pre-embedded anchor 2 is provided with an integrally formed connecting section 25. There are four connecting sections 25, which are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the pre-embedded anchor 2. After the pre-embedded anchor 2 is buried in the slope soil, the connecting sections 25 can abut against the surface of the slope.

[0053] Back Figure 1 The number of pre-embedded water guide plates 5 is set to four, and each pre-embedded water guide plate 5 is set between adjacent pre-embedded anchor seats 2; refer to the following for details. Figure 3 The embedded water guide plate 5 includes a first plate 51, a second plate 52, a third plate 53, a fourth plate 54, and a fifth plate 55 connected in sequence. A positioning post 531 is fixed to the back of the third plate 53 to fix the embedded water guide plate 5 to the slope. During construction, an installation trench needs to be pre-dug on the slope surface. Before installing the protective netting 1, the embedded installation plate is first installed in the installation trench. The positioning post 531 is used to pre-position the embedded water guide plate 5, and the side end of the embedded water guide plate 5 abuts against the connecting section 25.

[0054] A steel mesh frame 56 is installed inside the pre-embedded water guide plate 5. The steel mesh frame 56 is fixed between the second plate 52 and the fourth plate 54, and the steel mesh frame 56 is spaced apart from the third plate 53. Green cultivation blocks 57 are cultivated on the steel mesh frame 56. The side of the third plate 53 is provided with reserved holes for the roots of the green cultivation blocks 57 to pass through. There are multiple reserved holes, and all reserved holes are irregularly arranged on the third plate 53. After the green cultivation blocks 57 grow successfully, the roots of the green cultivation blocks 57 can pass through each reserved hole, thereby making the pre-embedded water guide plate 5 firmly installed on the slope.

[0055] Additionally, after the pre-embedded water guide plate 5 is installed in the installation trench, the second plate 52 will be located above the fourth plate 54; the second plate 52 has a permeable structure to allow rainwater in the slope soil to pass through the pre-embedded water guide plate 5. See details... Figure 4 The permeable structure includes a permeable trough 521 that runs through the second plate 52 and two geotextiles 522 fixed to two opposite sides of the second plate 52. The two geotextiles 522 cover the permeable trough 521 respectively. When rainwater enters the pre-embedded water guide plate 5 through the permeable trough 521, the soil it carries can be intercepted by the geotextiles 522 on the outside of the pre-embedded water guide plate 5, reducing the possibility of the pre-embedded water guide plate 5 being blocked inside.

[0056] Reference Figure 5 It should be noted that the cross-sectional shape of the connecting section 25 is the same as that of the pre-embedded water guide plate 5. After the pre-embedded water guide plate 5 and the pre-embedded anchor 2 are installed, a drainage system can be formed between the pre-embedded water guide plate 5 and the pre-embedded anchor 2, which can quickly drain rainwater in the slope soil and improve the situation of soil erosion.

[0057] The protective netting 1 is fixed to the slope by reinforcing plates 4 and anchor bolts 3. After the protective netting 1 is laid, each pre-embedded water guide plate 5 is located on the side of the protective netting 1, and each pre-embedded anchor 2 is located at the corner of the protective netting 1. Multiple positioning nails 43 are welded to the side of the reinforcing plates 4. Both the first plate 51 and the fifth plate 55 have multiple through holes 58. By passing the positioning nails 43 of the reinforcing plates 4 through the protective netting 1 and the through holes 58 in sequence, and then striking the reinforcing plates 4, the positioning nails 43 are firmly inserted into the slope soil, allowing the pre-embedded water guide plates 5 and the reinforcing plates 4 to jointly clamp and position the protective netting 1. It should be noted that during the actual installation process, a single reinforcing plate 4 can simultaneously position two adjacent protective netting 1s.

[0058] The edge of the reinforcing plate 4 is provided with a waist-shaped hole 41, and the connecting section 25 is rotatably connected with a locking member 26. The locking member 26 and the waist-shaped hole 41 can cooperate to achieve a quick connection between the reinforcing plate 4 and the connecting section 25, which facilitates the installation of the reinforcing plate 4.

[0059] Reference Figure 6 Specifically, the locking component 26 includes a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the connecting section 25 and a locking plate 261 integrally formed on the rotating shaft. The locking plate 261 and the connecting section 25 are spaced apart to form a positioning area for positioning the reinforcing plate 4. The length of the locking plate 261 is greater than the width of the oblong hole 41. During the installation of the reinforcing plate 4, the length direction of the locking plate 261 is kept parallel to the extension direction of the oblong hole 41, so that the locking component 26 can pass smoothly through the oblong hole 41 and the locking plate 261 moves to the side of the reinforcing plate 4 away from the protective net 1.

[0060] The locking plate 261 has an integrally formed second toothed portion 262 on the side near the connecting section 25, while the surface of the reinforcing plate 4 has a first toothed portion 42, which is located outside the waist-shaped hole 41. After the locking plate 261 moves to the side of the reinforcing plate 4 away from the protective net 1, the locking member 26 is rotated so that the length direction of the locking plate 261 is perpendicular to the length direction of the strip hole 641, and the first toothed portion 42 and the second toothed portion 262 can be matched and engaged, thereby firmly locking the reinforcing plate 4 to the connecting section 25.

[0061] In addition, an elastic pad is also glued to the back of the reinforcing plate 4. The elastic pad is made of elastic materials such as silicone or rubber, which can provide clearance for the rotation of the locking part 26, so that the first toothed part 42 and the second toothed part 262 can be smoothly matched and limited. At the same time, it can provide elastic movement margin between the reinforcing plate 4 and the slope soil, which can play an elastic buffering effect when the slope sand and gravel accumulate on the protective net 1, reducing the possibility of deformation or even local breakage of the protective net 1.

[0062] Back Figure 5After passing through the mesh structure at the corner of the protective net 1, the anchor rod 3 is inserted into the cavity 21 of the pre-embedded anchor seat 2. One end of the anchor rod 3 has a pointed tip, which can pass through the pre-embedded anchor seat 2 and be anchored in the slope soil after being fixed. The other end of the anchor rod 3 has an integrally formed cover part 33, which can abut against each connecting section 25 of the pre-embedded anchor seat 2 after being fixed, so that the pre-embedded anchor seat 2, the anchor rod 3 and the reinforcing plate 4 together constitute the overall anchoring system of the protective net 1.

[0063] Reference Figure 7 The outer circumferential surface of the pre-embedded anchor 2 is provided with multiple installation grooves 23. In this embodiment, there are four installation grooves 23, which are evenly distributed around the central axis of the pre-embedded anchor 2. Each installation groove 23 is movably installed with a pushing member 22. Under normal conditions, the pushing member 22 is inclined upward along the direction away from the central axis of the cavity 21. In addition, the end of the pushing member 22 is integrally formed with an abutment part 221. Under the action of gravity, each inclined pushing member 22 can make the abutment parts 221 abut against each other to form a through area. When the anchor member 3 is inserted into the cavity 21, the anchor member 3 can enter the through area and force the abutment parts 221 to move away from each other, so that each pushing member 22 is inserted into the slope soil, which can enhance the anchoring strength of the pre-embedded anchor 2.

[0064] Simultaneously refer to Figure 8 The outer circumferential surface of the anchor rod 3 is provided with multiple guide blocks 31, each guide block 31 being integrally formed with the anchor rod 3; the inner wall of the cavity 21 is provided with a guide groove 24 that is adapted to slide with the guide block 31, the guide groove 24 includes a straight section 241 and an arc section 242 that are interconnected, the straight section 241 is located above the arc section 242; the extension direction of the straight section 241 is the same as the axial direction of the cavity 21, and the straight section 241 extends upward and penetrates the surface of the pre-embedded anchor seat 2; the arc section 242 extends spirally along the axial direction of the cavity 21.

[0065] When the anchor rod 3 is inserted into the cavity 21, the guide block 31 matches the straight section 241 of the guide groove 24. At this time, each guide block 31 is directly opposite the gap between two adjacent abutment parts 221. When the anchor rod 3 pushes open each abutment part 221, the guide block 31 can move smoothly downward through the gap between adjacent abutment parts 221. The anchor rod 3 is forced to move downward, and finally the guide block 31 can enter the arc section 242, so that the anchor rod 3 automatically deflects a certain angle.

[0066] Reference Figure 6An elastic component 32 is installed on the top of the guide block 31. The elastic component 32 includes a rigid spring 321 connected to the guide block 31 and a load-bearing block 322 connected to one end of the rigid spring 321. When the anchor rod 3 is inserted, the elastic component 32 together with the guide block 31 is aligned with the gap between two adjacent abutment parts 221. After the guide block 31 enters the arc segment 242 and the anchor rod 3 naturally deflects, the load-bearing block 322 can abut against the lower end face of the abutment part 221, so that the anchor rod 3 and the pre-embedded anchor seat 2 form an elastic connection. This can play an elastic buffering role when sand and gravel accumulate on the protective net 1, further reducing the possibility of loosening or detachment at the corners of the protective net 1.

[0067] A reinforcing assembly 6 for enhancing anchoring stress is also provided between the anchor rod 3 and the pre-embedded anchor seat 2. Multiple sets of reinforcing assemblies 6 are provided, and all reinforcing assemblies 6 are evenly distributed along the outer circumference of the anchor rod 3. (See also...) Figure 9 The reinforcing component 6 includes a rotating rod 61 and a telescopic arm assembly 63. The rotating rod 61 is rotatably connected to the outer circumference of the anchor rod 3, and a torsion spring 62 is installed at the rotatable connection between the rotating rod 61 and the anchor rod 3. The torsion spring 62 is used to force the rotating rod 61 to be angled to the anchor rod 3 under normal conditions. When the anchor rod 3 is inserted into the cavity 21, the rotating rod 61 can abut against the inner wall of the cavity 21 and retract. When the guide block 31 of the anchor rod 3 enters the bottom end of the arc segment 242, the rotating rod 61 can pass through the cavity 21 and enter the side of the pre-embedded anchor seat 2 away from the protective net 1. Under the torsion of the torsion spring 62, the rotating rod 61 can abut against the side end face of the pre-embedded anchor seat 2.

[0068] Reference Figure 10 The telescopic boom assembly 63 includes a fixed boom plate 64 and a movable boom plate 65. The fixed boom plate 64 is fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the pre-embedded anchor 2 and is located at the end of the pre-embedded anchor 2 away from the protective net 1. Slotted holes 641 are respectively opened on both sides of the fixed boom plate 64, with the extension direction of the slotted holes 641 being the same as the length direction of the fixed boom plate 64. A connecting piece 651 passes through the movable boom plate 65, and the movable boom plate 65 is slidably connected to the slotted holes 641 through the connecting piece 651 to achieve a sliding connection between the movable boom plate 65 and the fixed boom plate 64. Furthermore, a tension spring 66 connects the movable boom plate 65 and the fixed boom plate 64. The tension spring 66 can force the movable boom plate 65 to move closer to the fixed boom plate 64, and in the initial state, a movable area is formed between the movable boom plate 65 and the fixed boom plate 64, which is directly opposite the outer side of the side end face of the pre-embedded anchor 2.

[0069] Simultaneously refer to Figure 9In this embodiment, the movable arm plate 65 is provided with an inclined surface 652, which is directly opposite to the outer side of the pre-embedded anchor 2. When sand and gravel accumulate on the inner side of the protective net 1, forcing the anchor rod 3 to move outward, the rotating rod 61 can abut against the side of the pre-embedded anchor 2 and deflect outward. During the gradual deflection of the rotating rod 61, the end of the rotating rod 61 can abut against the inclined surface 652 and force the movable arm plate 65 to move away from the fixed arm plate 64, so that the telescopic arm assembly 63 extends outward.

[0070] In addition, in this embodiment, the telescopic boom assembly 63 is inclined downward along the direction away from the central axis of the pre-embedded anchor 2. When the rotating rod 61 forces the movable boom plate 65 to move outward, the movable boom plate 65 is inclined to insert into the slope soil. At this time, the force on the movable boom plate 65 is inclined downward, while the jacking member 22 is inserted upward into the slope soil under the action of the anchor member 3. At this time, the force on the jacking member 22 is inclined upward. The vertical components of the two forces cancel each other out, which can further enhance the anchoring strength of the anchoring mechanism. Moreover, as the force of the soil acting on the protective net 1 increases, the force of the rotating rod 61 acting on the movable boom plate 65 also becomes stronger, which can further enhance the anchoring strength of the anchoring mechanism.

[0071] The implementation principle of the protective device for steep slopes at tunnel entrances in this application embodiment is as follows:

[0072] This application anchors and reinforces the protective net 1 using pre-embedded anchor seats 2, anchor rods 3, and reinforcing plates 4, forming an overall anchoring system for the protective net 1. Even if local soil erosion occurs on the slope, and the anchoring mechanism or positioning nails 43 at certain locations loosen, the impact on the overall anchoring system is minimal, allowing the protective net 1 to maintain its good protective capabilities. Furthermore, the pre-embedded water guide plates 5, along with the drainage system formed between each pre-embedded anchor seat 2, can quickly drain rainwater from the slope soil, thereby improving soil erosion and ensuring the stability of the steep slope support at the tunnel entrance, thus enhancing traffic safety.

[0073] The above are preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A protective device for steep slopes at tunnel entrances, characterized in that: It includes a protective net (1), multiple sets of anchoring mechanisms for fixing the protective net (1) to the slope, and a reinforcing plate (4) connected between each two adjacent anchoring mechanisms. Each set of anchoring mechanisms is respectively set at each corner of the protective net (1). The anchoring mechanism includes a pre-embedded anchor seat (2) pre-buried in the slope soil and an anchor rod (3) fixed to the pre-embedded anchor seat (2). The anchor rod (3) and the pre-embedded anchor seat (2) together clamp and fix the protective net (1), and the anchor rod (3) passes through the pre-embedded anchor seat (2) and is anchored in the slope soil. The reinforcing plate (4) is connected between adjacent pre-embedded anchors (2), and the side of the reinforcing plate (4) is provided with positioning nails (43), which pass through the protective net (1) and are anchored inside the slope soil; The pre-embedded anchor (2) is provided with an axially penetrating cavity (21), and the outer peripheral surface of the pre-embedded anchor (2) is provided with a plurality of mounting slots (23) that communicate with the cavity (21). Each mounting slot (23) is movably mounted with a pusher (22). The end of the pusher (22) is provided with abutment part (221). In the initial state, each pusher (22) retracts into the mounting groove (23). At this time, each abutment part (221) abuts against each other to form a penetration area for the tip of the anchor rod (3) to pass through. The anchor rod (3) is inserted into the cavity (21). When the anchor rod (3) enters the cavity (21), the anchor rod (3) enters the penetration area and forces each abutment part (221) to move away from each other, so that each pusher (22) is finally inserted into the slope soil. The outer circumferential surface of the anchor rod (3) is provided with a guide block (31), and the inner wall of the cavity (21) is provided with a guide groove (24) that is adapted to slide with the guide block (31); wherein, the guide groove (24) includes a straight segment (241) and an arc segment (242) that are connected to each other, the extension direction of the straight segment (241) is the same as the axial direction of the cavity (21), and the arc segment (242) extends spirally along the axial direction of the cavity (21); The top of the guide block (31) is provided with an elastic component (32). When the guide block (31) is located in the straight section (241), the elastic component (32) is directly opposite the gap between the two abutment parts (221). When the guide block (31) is located in the arc section (242), the elastic component (32) abuts against the lower end face of the abutment part (221). A reinforcing component (6) for enhancing the anchoring stress is also provided between the anchor rod (3) and the pre-embedded anchor seat (2). The reinforcing component (6) is provided in multiple sets, and all reinforcing components (6) are evenly distributed along the outer periphery of the anchor rod (3); wherein, the reinforcing component (6) includes a rotating rod (61) rotatably connected to the anchor rod (3) and a telescopic arm assembly (63) provided at the end of the pre-embedded anchor seat (2), and a torsion spring (62) is provided at the rotatable connection between the rotating rod (61) and the anchor rod (3) to force the rotating rod (61) to be set at an angle to the anchor rod (3) under normal conditions; When the anchor rod (3) is inserted into the cavity (21) and the guide block (31) is located in the arc segment (242), the rotating rod (61) is located on the side of the pre-embedded anchor seat (2) away from the protective net (1); when the anchor rod (3) is subjected to force and moves outward, the rotating rod (61) can abut against the pre-embedded anchor seat (2) and deflect outward, and force the telescopic arm assembly (63) to extend outward.

2. The protective device for steep slopes at tunnel entrances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic boom assembly (63) includes a fixed boom plate (64) fixed to the outer periphery of the pre-embedded anchor (2) and a movable boom plate (65) movably connected to the fixed boom plate (64). A tension spring (66) is provided between the movable boom plate (65) and the fixed boom plate (64) to force the movable boom plate (65) to move closer to the fixed boom plate (64). In the initial state, an active area is formed between the movable boom plate (65) and the fixed boom plate (64). When the rotating rod (61) abuts against the pre-embedded anchor (2), the rotating rod (61) enters the active area and forces the movable boom plate (65) to move away from the fixed boom plate (64).

3. The protective device for steep slopes at tunnel entrances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic boom assembly (63) is inclined downward along the direction away from the central axis of the pre-embedded anchor (2).

4. The protective device for steep slopes at tunnel entrances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pusher (22) is inclined upward along the direction away from the central axis of the cavity (21).

5. The protective device for steep slopes at tunnel entrances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer periphery of the pre-embedded anchor (2) is provided with a connecting section (25). When the pre-embedded anchor (2) is buried in the slope soil, the connecting section (25) abuts against the slope surface. The reinforcing plate (4) is provided with a waist-shaped hole (41), and the connecting section (25) is rotatably connected with a locking member (26). The end of the locking member (26) has a locking plate (261). The locking plate (261) and the connecting section (25) are spaced apart to form a positioning area for positioning the reinforcing plate (4).

6. The protective device for steep slopes at tunnel entrances according to claim 5, characterized in that: The back of the reinforcing plate (4) is provided with an elastic pad, and the surface of the reinforcing plate (4) is provided with a first toothed part (42), which is located outside the waist-shaped hole (41); the side of the locking plate (261) near the connecting section (25) is provided with a second toothed part (262). When the length direction of the locking plate (261) is perpendicular to the length direction of the waist-shaped hole (41), the first toothed part (42) and the second toothed part (262) mesh together.

7. The protective device for steep slopes at tunnel entrances according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a pre-embedded water guide plate (5) pre-buried in the slope soil. The pre-embedded water guide plate (5) is provided with perforations (58). The positioning nail (43) passes through the protective net (1) and the perforations (58) in sequence and is then anchored in the slope soil. The pre-embedded water guide plate (5) is provided with a permeable structure, which includes a permeable groove (521) opened on the top of the pre-embedded water guide plate (5) and a geotextile (522) covering the permeable groove (521). Green cultivation blocks (57) are installed inside the pre-embedded water guide plate (5), and the side of the pre-embedded water guide plate (5) is provided with reserved holes for the roots of the green cultivation blocks (57) to pass through.

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