A lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method, which relates to the field of hydrogen energy technology. The present invention utilizes the heat flow magnetic field effect and vaporization partial pressurization of materials such as Be and Ga to design a magnetocaloric heat exchanger for liquid hydrogen media. The effective heat exchange area of the magnetocaloric heat exchanger is controlled by adjusting the magnitude of the input current. It has the advantages of small size, light weight, and simple structure, and has great application potential in hydrogen-powered aircraft and other vehicles with high weight requirements. By measuring the air state parameters, the current liquid hydrogen vaporization amount data is indirectly obtained and used as the basis for changing the liquid hydrogen vaporization amount, which can achieve precise control and supply of the liquid hydrogen vaporization amount. The overall system control strategy is simple, safe and reliable, and can prevent large fluctuations caused by flow regulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy technology, and in particular to a lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen, a recognized low-carbon and zero-carbon energy source, is emerging as a promising energy source. As a clean energy source, hydrogen boasts high compression ratios, large-scale storage, no energy decay, and widespread availability. It can effectively reduce the proportion of fossil fuels and enhance clean development. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, with their zero-carbon emissions, are considered the optimal solution to replace traditional energy vehicles in the future. Hydrogen storage systems are a crucial component of these vehicles. Currently, the mainstream hydrogen storage methods include gaseous, liquid, and solid-state. Among them, cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage offers high storage capacity, excellent stability, and high safety. It can store and transport large quantities of hydrogen in a variety of environments, making it an ideal storage technology for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. However, the weight of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and its associated components, such as regulating valves and pressure reducing valves, contributes significantly to the overall system's storage-to-weight ratio. Therefore, lightweighting the hydrogen storage system has become a key consideration, reducing system costs and improving product competitiveness and vehicle range. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method. This system utilizes the low-temperature heat flux magnetic field effect of materials such as Be (beryllium) and Ga (gallium). Specifically, at temperatures below 100K, in the presence of a magnetic field, Be and Ga exhibit low thermal conductivity, while in the absence of a magnetic field, the thermal conductivity increases. Based on this principle, the present invention designs a magnetocaloric heat exchanger suitable for liquid hydrogen and applies it to the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system. By adjusting the current, the liquid hydrogen supply flow rate can be precisely controlled.

[0004] The specific technical solutions adopted in the present invention are as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system, comprising a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a pressurizing pipeline, a liquid hydrogen pipeline, a magnetocaloric vaporizer, a hydrogen-air fuel cell, an air pipeline, and a controller;

[0006] The magnetocaloric vaporizer has multiple alternating cold fluid channels and hot fluid channels separated by a magnetically controlled heat-conducting partition. Pairs of upper and lower electromagnets are located outside the magnetocaloric vaporizer, located in the cold fluid channels. By adjusting the current input to each pair of upper and lower electromagnets, the magnetic field range of the upper and lower electromagnets can be controlled, thereby indirectly adjusting the effective heat exchange area between the liquid hydrogen in the cold fluid channels and the air in the hot fluid channels.

[0007] The boosting pipeline is connected in sequence to the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the boosting vaporizer, the hydrogen shut-off valve and the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and is used to vaporize the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank for boosting;

[0008] The liquid hydrogen pipeline is connected in sequence to the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve, the cold fluid channel of the magnetocaloric vaporizer and the hydrogen-air fuel cell, and is used to transport the liquid hydrogen medium inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the hydrogen-air fuel cell for reaction;

[0009] The air pipeline is connected in sequence to the variable frequency compressor, the air valve, the air inlet temperature sensor, the hot fluid channel of the magnetocaloric vaporizer, the air outlet temperature sensor and the hydrogen-air fuel cell, and is used to pressurize and cool the external air and then transport it to the hydrogen-air fuel cell for reaction;

[0010] One side of the controller is connected to the variable frequency compressor, the air inlet temperature sensor and the air outlet temperature sensor through a power line, and the other side is connected to the magnetocaloric vaporizer and the hydrogen-air fuel cell through a power line; the controller firstly transmits the air flow signal m a And the inlet and outlet temperature signals T i 、T o , indirectly calculate the liquid hydrogen vaporization flow rate m H Then, according to the set liquid hydrogen vaporization flow value m0, the input current of the magnetocaloric vaporizer is controlled to increase or decrease, and the effective heat exchange area of the magnetocaloric vaporizer is indirectly controlled to realize the regulation of hydrogen supply.

[0011] Preferably, the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the booster vaporizer, the liquid hydrogen pipeline and the liquid hydrogen stop valve are all wrapped with insulation materials.

[0012] Preferably, the material of the magnetically controlled thermal conductive baffle is beryllium or gallium.

[0013] Preferably, the magnetic field range around each pair of the upper electromagnet and the lower electromagnet can be adjusted by a controller, and the upper electromagnet and the lower electromagnet can operate simultaneously or selectively.

[0014] Preferably, the outer shell of the magnetocaloric vaporizer is a stainless steel plate, and an insulating layer is applied to the outside of the stainless steel plate.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a liquid hydrogen storage and supply method using any lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1, open the hydrogen shut-off valve; the liquid hydrogen medium from the liquid hydrogen storage tank first enters the booster pipeline, then enters the booster vaporizer to absorb external heat and quickly vaporize, turning from liquid hydrogen to high-pressure hydrogen. Then, it enters the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the hydrogen shut-off valve, increasing the internal pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and realizing self-pressurization of the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system;

[0017] S2. Open the liquid hydrogen stop valve; the liquid hydrogen medium at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank enters the liquid hydrogen pipeline under pressure, passes through the liquid hydrogen stop valve and enters the cold fluid channel of the magnetothermal vaporizer, quickly vaporizes into hydrogen after absorbing heat, and is finally transported to the hydrogen-air fuel cell for reaction;

[0018] S3. Open the air valve and start the variable-frequency compressor; external air enters the air pipeline, passes through the variable-frequency compressor, air valve and air inlet temperature sensor in sequence, and then enters the hot fluid channel of the magnetothermal vaporizer, cools down after absorbing the liquid hydrogen cold, and then enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell for reaction through the air outlet temperature sensor;

[0019] S4. The controller obtains the flow signal m of the compressed air through the variable-frequency compressor, air inlet temperature sensor and air outlet temperature sensor a and the inlet and outlet temperature signals T i 、T o , obtains the calculated liquid hydrogen vaporization flow rate m through heat balance calculation H , and compares it with the set liquid hydrogen vaporization flow rate value m0; when m H <m0, reduce the current input to each pair of upper and lower electromagnets through the controller, increase the thermal conductivity of the magneto-controlled heat conduction partition, increase the effective heat exchange area, and finally increase the hydrogen supply of the hydrogen-air fuel cell; when m H >m0, increase the current input to each pair of upper and lower electromagnets through the controller, reduce the thermal conductivity of the magneto-controlled heat conduction partition, reduce the effective heat exchange area, and finally reduce the hydrogen supply of the hydrogen-air fuel cell.

[0020] It should be noted that the technical features in the above preferred modes can be combined without conflict, which does not constitute a limitation.

[0021] The prominent and beneficial technical effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are: using the heat flow magnetic field effect and vaporization partial pressurization of materials such as Be and Ga, a magnetothermal heat exchanger for liquid hydrogen medium is designed, and the effective heat exchange area of the magnetothermal heat exchanger is controlled by adjusting the magnitude of the input current, which has the advantages of small volume, light weight and simple structure, and has great application potential in vehicles with high weight requirements such as hydrogen energy aircraft. By measuring the air state parameters, the current liquid hydrogen vaporization amount data is indirectly obtained and used as the basis for changing the liquid hydrogen vaporization amount, so as to achieve precise regulation and supply of the liquid hydrogen vaporization amount. The overall system regulation strategy is simple, safe and reliable, and can prevent large fluctuations generated during flow regulation.

[0022] The following will further illustrate the concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention with reference to the drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 1 Middle: liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, boost pipeline 2, boost vaporizer 3, hydrogen shut-off valve 4, liquid hydrogen pipeline 5, liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 6, magnetocaloric vaporizer 7, hydrogen-air fuel cell 8, air pipeline 9, variable frequency compressor 10, air valve 11, air inlet temperature sensor 12, air outlet temperature sensor 13, power cord 14, controller 15.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the flow channel in the magnetocaloric vaporizer of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 Middle: upper electromagnet 7-1, lower electromagnet 7-2, insulation layer 7-3, stainless steel plate 7-4, cold fluid channel 7-5, hot fluid channel 7-6, magnetically controlled thermal conductive partition 7-7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined accordingly without conflicting with each other.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected, that is, there are intermediate elements. On the contrary, when an element is said to be "directly" connected to another element, there are no intermediate elements.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the term "high pressure" (such as "high pressure hydrogen") refers to a relatively high pressure compared to the pressure of the same medium in the same passage, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the absolute pressure value of the indicated technical feature.

[0030] See also Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system is provided. The system's components primarily include a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a pressurizing pipeline 2, a liquid hydrogen pipeline 5, a magnetocaloric vaporizer 7, a hydrogen-air fuel cell 8, an air pipeline 9, and a controller 15. The following describes in detail the coordinated operational relationships between these components.

[0031] In the system of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, the interior of the magnetocaloric vaporizer 7 has multiple staggered cold fluid channels 7-5 and hot fluid channels 7-6, separated by magnetically controlled heat-conducting partitions 7-7. In other words, the cold fluid channels 7-5 and hot fluid channels 7-6 within the magnetocaloric vaporizer 7 are arranged alternately, with hot fluid channels 7-6 adjacent to cold fluid channels 7-5, and cold fluid channels 7-5 adjacent to hot fluid channels 7-6. Each cold fluid channel 7-5 is associated with a pair of upper and lower electromagnets 7-1 and 7-2 on the exterior of the magnetocaloric vaporizer 7. By adjusting the current input to each pair of upper and lower electromagnets 7-1 and 7-2, the range of the magnetic field of each pair of upper and lower electromagnets 7-1 and 7-2 can be controlled, thereby indirectly adjusting the effective heat exchange area between the liquid hydrogen in the cold fluid channel 7-5 and the air in the hot fluid channel 7-6.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the system of the present invention, the outer shell of the magnetocaloric vaporizer 7 is constructed of a stainless steel plate 7-4, with an insulating layer 7-3 applied to the exterior of the stainless steel plate 7-4 to provide enhanced insulation and prevent heat loss. In actual use, each pair of upper and lower electromagnets can have its surrounding magnetic field range adjusted by a controller, and the upper and lower electromagnets can operate simultaneously or selectively. The multiple alternating cold and hot fluid channels within the magnetocaloric vaporizer are configured with a specific number related to the hydrogen supply capacity of the storage and supply system and can be configured based on actual conditions. The magnetically controlled thermal conductive baffle can be made of materials such as Be and Ga that exhibit low-temperature heat flux and magnetic field effects.

[0033] In the system of the present invention, the boosting pipeline 2 sequentially connects the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, the boosting vaporizer 3, the hydrogen shut-off valve 4, and the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1. It is used to vaporize the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 for pressurization. In other words, along the flow direction of the medium, the head end of the boosting pipeline 2 is connected to the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 for transporting the liquid hydrogen out; the tail end of the boosting pipeline 2 is connected to the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 for re-transporting the vaporized and pressurized hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, thereby increasing the gas pressure inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and providing pumping power for the subsequent outflow of liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen pipeline 5.

[0034] In actual use, the interior of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is divided into gas phase space and liquid phase space from top to bottom. The gas phase space is connected to an external pressurized gas source to achieve internal pressurization of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, thereby realizing self-pressurization of the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system.

[0035] In the system of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen pipeline 5 sequentially connects the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 6, the cold fluid channel 7-5 of the magnetocaloric vaporizer 7, and the hydrogen-air fuel cell 8, and is used to transport the liquid hydrogen medium inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 to the hydrogen-air fuel cell 8 for reaction. In other words, along the direction of medium flow, the head end of the liquid hydrogen pipeline 5 is connected to the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the terminal end is connected to the hydrogen feed inlet of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 8. The liquid hydrogen pipeline 5 is used to circulate the hydrogen medium.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the system of the present invention, the hydrogen-air fuel cell 20 includes two raw material inlets, one for introducing air and the other for introducing hydrogen. The inlet for introducing hydrogen is connected to the end of the liquid hydrogen pipeline 5, and the inlet for introducing air is connected to the end of the air pipeline 9.

[0037] In the system of the present invention, air pipeline 9 sequentially connects to variable frequency compressor 10, air valve 11, air inlet temperature sensor 12, hot fluid channel 7-6 of magnetocaloric vaporizer 7, air outlet temperature sensor 13, and hydrogen-air fuel cell 8, and is used to pressurize and cool external air and then transport it to hydrogen-air fuel cell 8 for reaction. In other words, along the direction of medium flow, the head end of air pipeline 9 is connected to the external atmosphere, and the tail end is connected to the air feed inlet of hydrogen-air fuel cell 8, and air pipeline 9 is used to circulate air.

[0038] In the system of the present invention, one side of the controller 15 is connected to the variable frequency compressor 10, the air inlet temperature sensor 12 and the air outlet temperature sensor 13 through the power line 14, and the other side is connected to the magnetocaloric vaporizer 7 and the hydrogen-air fuel cell 8 through the power line 14. In actual use, the controller 15 first uses the air flow signal m a And the inlet and outlet temperature signals T i 、T o , indirectly calculate the liquid hydrogen vaporization flow rate m H Then, the magnetocaloric vaporizer 7 is feedback-controlled according to the set liquid hydrogen vaporization flow value m0 to increase or decrease the current input to the magnetocaloric vaporizer 7, thereby indirectly controlling the effective heat exchange area of the magnetocaloric vaporizer 7 to achieve regulation of the hydrogen supply.

[0039] Specifically, since the operating frequency of the variable frequency compressor 10 is related to the compressed air flow rate m a The relationship function is known, therefore, based on the operating frequency of the variable frequency compressor 10, the compressed air flow signal m can be obtained by the univariate nonlinear regression method. a . Inlet and outlet temperature signal T i 、T o The corresponding values can be measured by the air inlet temperature sensor 12 and the air outlet temperature sensor 13 .

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of the system of the present invention, adiabatic materials can be wrapped around the external parts of the main components such as the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the booster vaporizer, the liquid hydrogen pipeline, and the liquid hydrogen stop valve, so as to reduce the heat leakage during the use of the system.

[0041] In another embodiment of the present invention, based on the Figure 1 lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system shown above, a method for operating the lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system is also provided, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0042] It should be noted that this method first controls all valves to be in the closed state and all moving equipment to be in the stopped state.

[0043] S1. Open the hydrogen stop valve 4 to make the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system supply liquid hydrogen by self-pressurization, specifically as follows:

[0044] The liquid hydrogen medium from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 first enters the booster pipeline 2, and then enters the booster vaporizer 3 to quickly vaporize after absorbing external heat, changing from liquid hydrogen to high-pressure hydrogen. Then, it enters the gas phase space at the top inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through the hydrogen stop valve 4, increasing the internal gas phase pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1.

[0045] S2. Open the liquid hydrogen stop valve 6. The liquid hydrogen medium at the bottom inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 enters the liquid hydrogen pipeline 5, passes through the liquid hydrogen stop valve 6 and enters the cold fluid channel 7-5 of the magnetocaloric vaporizer 7, quickly vaporizes into hydrogen after absorbing heat, and is finally transported to the hydrogen-air fuel cell 8 for reaction.

[0046] S3. Open the air valve 11 and start the variable frequency compressor 10. External air enters the air pipeline 9, sequentially passes through the variable frequency compressor 10, the air valve 11, and the air inlet temperature sensor 12, enters the hot fluid channel 7-6 of the magnetocaloric vaporizer 7, cools down after absorbing the liquid hydrogen cold, and then enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell 8 for reaction through the air outlet temperature sensor 13.

[0047] S4. The controller 15 obtains the air flow signal m a and the inlet and outlet temperature signals T i 、T o through the variable frequency compressor 10, the air inlet temperature sensor 12, and the air outlet temperature sensor 13, and obtains the calculated liquid hydrogen vaporization flow rate m H through heat balance calculation, and compares it with the set liquid hydrogen vaporization flow rate value m0. When m H <m0, the controller 15 reduces the current input to each pair of upper electromagnets 7-1 and lower electromagnets 7-2, increases the thermal conductivity of the magnetically controlled heat conduction partition 7-7, increases the effective heat exchange area, and finally increases the hydrogen supply; when m HWhen m > m0, the controller 15 increases the current input to each pair of upper electromagnet 7-1 and lower electromagnet 7-2, reducing the thermal conductivity of the magnetically controlled thermal conductive partition 7-7, reducing the effective heat exchange area, and ultimately reducing the hydrogen supply. H =m0, there is no need to adjust the current input to each pair of upper electromagnets 7-1 and lower electromagnets 7-2 through the controller 15, and hydrogen can be directly output.

[0048] In addition to being applicable to liquid hydrogen media, the above-mentioned system and lightweight storage and supply method of the present invention can also be used for liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid helium and other media with temperatures below 100K, all of which should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention and will not be described in detail here.

[0049] It should be noted that the numbers in the above steps (such as S1 to S4, etc.) do not specifically refer to the order of operations in actual use, but are only used to distinguish the implementation of a certain path or a certain function. In actual operation, several or single steps can be performed simultaneously, separately or sequentially as needed.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system, characterized in that: It comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), a pressurizing pipeline (2), a liquid hydrogen pipeline (5), a magnetocaloric vaporizer (7), a hydrogen-air fuel cell (8), an air pipeline (9) and a controller (15); The magnetocaloric vaporizer (7) has a plurality of alternately arranged cold fluid channels (7-5) and hot fluid channels (7-6) inside, which are separated by a magnetically controlled heat-conducting partition (7-7). Pairs of upper electromagnets (7-1) and lower electromagnets (7-2) are respectively provided outside the magnetocaloric vaporizer (7) located at the cold fluid channels (7-5). By adjusting the magnitude of the current input to each pair of upper electromagnets (7-1) and lower electromagnets (7-2), the magnetic field action range of the upper electromagnets (7-1) and lower electromagnets (7-2) can be controlled, thereby indirectly adjusting the effective heat exchange area between the liquid hydrogen in the cold fluid channels (7-5) and the air in the hot fluid channels (7-6). The boosting pipeline (2) is connected in sequence to the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), the boosting vaporizer (3), the hydrogen shut-off valve (4), and the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), and is used to vaporize the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) for boosting; The liquid hydrogen pipeline (5) is sequentially connected to the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), the liquid hydrogen stop valve (6), the cold fluid channel (7-5) of the magnetocaloric vaporizer (7), and the hydrogen-air fuel cell (8), and is used to transport the liquid hydrogen medium inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) to the hydrogen-air fuel cell (8) for reaction; The air pipeline (9) is sequentially connected to a variable frequency compressor (10), an air valve (11), an air inlet temperature sensor (12), a hot fluid channel (7-6) of a magnetocaloric vaporizer (7), an air outlet temperature sensor (13) and a hydrogen-air fuel cell (8), and is used to pressurize and cool the external air and then transport it to the hydrogen-air fuel cell (8) for reaction; The controller (15) is connected to the variable frequency compressor (10), the air inlet temperature sensor (12) and the air outlet temperature sensor (13) on one side through a power line (14), and is connected to the magnetocaloric vaporizer (7) and the hydrogen-air fuel cell (8) on the other side through the power line (14); the controller (15) can feedback control the increase or decrease of the current input to the magnetocaloric vaporizer (7) based on the signals obtained from the variable frequency compressor (10), the air inlet temperature sensor (12) and the air outlet temperature sensor (13), and indirectly control the effective heat exchange area of the magnetocaloric vaporizer (7), thereby realizing the regulation of the hydrogen supply amount.

2. A lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exteriors of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), the boost vaporizer (3), the liquid hydrogen pipeline (5) and the liquid hydrogen stop valve (6) are all wrapped with thermal insulation materials.

3. A lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the magnetically controlled thermal conductive partition (7-7) is beryllium or gallium.

4. A lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic field range around each pair of the upper electromagnet (7-1) and the lower electromagnet (7-2) can be adjusted by a controller (15), and the upper electromagnet (7-1) and the lower electromagnet (7-2) can operate simultaneously or selectively.

5. A lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shell of the magnetocaloric vaporizer (7) is a stainless steel plate (7-4), and a heat insulating layer (7-3) is applied to the outside of the stainless steel plate (7-4).

6. A liquid hydrogen storage and supply method using the lightweight liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, open the hydrogen stop valve (4); the liquid hydrogen medium from the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) first enters the pressurizing pipeline (2), then enters the pressurizing vaporizer (3) to absorb external heat and quickly vaporize, changing from liquid hydrogen to high-pressure hydrogen, and then enters the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) through the hydrogen stop valve (4), thereby increasing the internal pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), and realizing the self-pressurization supply of liquid hydrogen by the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system; S2, open the liquid hydrogen stop valve (6); the liquid hydrogen medium at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) enters the liquid hydrogen pipeline (5) under pressure, enters the cold fluid channel (7-5) of the magnetocaloric vaporizer (7) through the liquid hydrogen stop valve (6), absorbs heat and quickly vaporizes into hydrogen, and is finally transported to the hydrogen-air fuel cell (8) for reaction; S3, open the air valve (11), start the variable frequency compressor (10); the external air enters the air pipe (9), passes through the variable frequency compressor (10), the air valve (11) and the air inlet temperature sensor (12) in sequence, and then enters the hot fluid channel (7-6) of the magnetocaloric vaporizer (7), absorbs the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen and cools down, and then passes through the air outlet temperature sensor (13) and enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell (8) for reaction; S4, the controller (15) obtains the flow signal m of the compressed air through the variable frequency compressor (10), the air inlet temperature sensor (12) and the air outlet temperature sensor (13) a and the inlet and outlet temperature signals T i 、T o , and obtains the calculated liquid hydrogen vaporization flow rate m through heat balance calculation H , and compares it with the set liquid hydrogen vaporization flow rate value m0; when m H < m0, the controller (15) reduces the current input to each pair of upper electromagnets (7-1) and lower electromagnets (7-2), increases the thermal conductivity of the magnetically controlled heat conduction partition (7-7), increases the effective heat exchange area, and finally increases the hydrogen supply of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (8); when m H > m0, the controller (15) increases the current input to each pair of upper electromagnets (7-1) and lower electromagnets (7-2), reduces the thermal conductivity of the magnetically controlled heat conduction partition (7-7), reduces the effective heat exchange area, and finally reduces the hydrogen supply of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (8).

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