A CNC tailstock drilling device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a CNC tailstock drilling device, comprising a stepper motor, a cycloid reducer, a counter, position-metering, damping, and shifting system, an output shaft lead screw structure, a data acquisition and feedback unit, a PLC human-machine interaction system, and a drive power distribution system. The left end face of the stepper motor stator is connected to a transition flange by a through-bolt. After the bolt penetrates the stator, it is connected to the motor rear end cover at the right end face of the stator. The stepper motor's motor input spindle comprises No. 1 and No. 2 bearings, along with the motor rotor, which are sleeved within the transition flange, rear end cover, and stator. The cycloid reducer comprises a transition flange, a 19-tooth fixed gear, a 20-tooth cycloid gear, a transmission plate, a toggle steel needle sleeve, a toggle steel needle, No. 3, No. 4, and No. 5 bearings. The device is reliable, durable, easy to operate, and flexible, and is suitable for use as a tailstock for both three-axis linkage horizontal CNC lathes and conventional horizontal lathes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling, and in particular relates to a numerical control tailstock drilling device installed on the tailstock of an existing horizontal lathe. Background Art

[0002] Currently, only mid- to high-end slant-bed horizontal CNC lathes utilize hydraulic tailstocks. Three-axis linkage horizontal CNC lathes, conventional lathes, and even some slant-bed horizontal CNC lathes still rely on manual operation. Hydraulic systems require complex and bulky pump stations and oil pipelines to power them, and the travel distance of the tailstock slide requires a grating ruler for measurement and control. These high costs and control systems make hydraulic tailstocks unsuitable for use on other horizontal-bed lathe tailstocks. To address this issue, the present invention provides a CNC tailstock drilling device. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a CNC tailstock drilling device installed on the tailstock of an existing horizontal lathe to solve the problem that the existing lathe relies on manual operation or is expensive, saving the operator's physical strength while improving production efficiency.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a CNC tailstock drilling device, comprising: a stepping motor, a cycloid reducer, a counter and position damping shifting system, a data acquisition and feedback unit, a PLC human-computer interaction system, and a drive power distribution system; wherein,

[0005] The left end face of the stepper motor stator is connected to the transition flange by a through bolt. After the bolt penetrates the motor stator, it is connected to the motor rear end cover at the right end face of the motor stator. The motor input spindle of the stepper motor consists of No. 1 bearing, No. 2 bearing and motor rotor, which are set in the transition flange, rear end cover and motor stator. The motor input spindle includes an eccentric section with an eccentricity of 3mm and a spiral spline section in the cycloid wave wheel reducer, and a straight spline section and a smooth shaft section extending outside the rear end cover of the motor.

[0006] A hand-cranked wheel is mounted on the extension section of the motor input spindle near the rear end cover of the motor. The left section of the inner hole of the hand-cranked wheel is a straight internal spline, and the right section of the inner hole is sleeved with a tight-fitting copper sleeve. The inner hole of the copper sleeve is movably fitted on the outer circle of the optical axis section of the motor input spindle and can rotate freely and slide left and right. A reset spring is mounted on the outer circle of the straight spline section of the motor input spindle extending out of the rear end cover of the motor. Under the thrust of the reset spring, the hand-cranked wheel and the copper sleeve are usually in the position of the optical axis section and do not rotate with the motor input spindle. There is a threaded hole in the center of the right end face of the optical axis section. The spindle end baffle is mounted on the baffle screw and tightened in the threaded hole in the center of the right end face of the optical axis section to prevent the hand-cranked wheel from falling off. When the motor is in standby or off state, the hand-cranked wheel can be pushed to the left by manpower, and the inner spline on the left side of the hand-cranked wheel is sleeved on the straight spline section of the spindle, and the motor input spindle can be rotated by manpower.

[0007] The cycloid wave wheel reducer consists of an intermediate flange, a 19-tooth fixed wheel, a 20-tooth cycloid wheel, a transmission plate, a toggle steel needle sleeve, a toggle steel needle, a No. 3 bearing, a No. 4 bearing, a small magnetic ring, a No. 5 bearing and a main housing; the 19-tooth fixed wheel is fixed to the outer circle of the boss on the left end face of the intermediate flange by bolts, and the 20-tooth cycloid wheel is mounted on the eccentric section of the motor input spindle through the No. 3 bearing; the transmission plate is mounted in the main housing through the No. 5 bearing, and the inner hole of the transmission plate is mounted with the No. 4 bearing and a small magnetic ring, and the No. 4 bearing is mounted on The left side of the eccentric section of the motor input main shaft plays a supporting role for the eccentric section. The small magnetic ring is also set in the inner hole of the transmission plate and blocked by the No. 4 bearing. It plays an attractive role for the ratchet on the right end of the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve. The end face of the transmission plate is provided with a through hole, and a toggle steel needle is inserted into the through hole. The toggle steel needle has a 9mm extended extension section on the right end face of the transmission plate. A toggle steel needle sleeve is sleeved on the outer circle of the toggle steel needle of the extended section, and the toggle steel needle sleeve is then extended into the toggle hole opened on the end face of the 20-tooth cycloid wheel.

[0008] The counter position damping shift system includes a counter position damping shift sliding sleeve, a damping spiral guide sleeve combination, a grinding ring, a corrugated spring piece, a retaining ring for a hole and a spline sleeve combination; the right inner sleeve of the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve is provided with a damping spiral guide sleeve combination, the right outer circle of the damping spiral guide sleeve combination is provided with a grinding ring, a circular bottom groove is provided on the outer circle of the grinding ring, and the circular bottom groove corresponds to the anti-rotation fixed steel ball concave point in the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve, and a steel ball is provided in the anti-rotation fixed steel ball concave point to clamp the outer circle of the grinding ring The circular bottom groove on the circle prevents the wear ring from rotating in the counter and position damping shift sliding sleeve. The outer circle of the damping spiral guide sleeve assembly on the right end face of the wear ring is equipped with a corrugated spring piece and a hole retaining ring to press the wear ring and play a friction damping role on the damping spiral guide sleeve assembly. The inner spline on the left side of the counter and position damping shift sliding sleeve is mounted on the outer spline of the spline sleeve assembly and can slide a distance of 7mm for shifting. The right-handed inner spline of the damping spiral guide sleeve assembly is mounted outside the spiral spline section of the motor input main shaft.

[0009] The straight internal spline of the spline sleeve coupling is mounted on the outside of the output shaft spline at the right end of the output shaft of the output shaft screw structure; a groove is provided on the outer circle of the output shaft spline near the end, and a steel wire clamp is inserted into the groove to clamp the spline sleeve coupling on the output shaft spline position; a large magnetic ring is mounted on the outer circle of the left end of the spline sleeve coupling; the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve is connected to the transmission plate;

[0010] The data acquisition feedback unit includes a position-counting proximity switch and a counting proximity switch. The two proximity switches are respectively installed in the position-counting mounting hole and the counting mounting hole in the proximity switch mounting chamber through a thread after passing through the slotted hole. The position-counting proximity switch is used to determine the position of the counting position damping shift sliding sleeve, and the counting proximity switch is used to determine the number of rotations of the counting position damping shift sliding sleeve. The position-counting proximity switch and the counting proximity switch are electrically connected to the PLC human-machine interaction system. The feedback cables of the two proximity switches pass through the cover plate, the cable conduit connector, the cable conduit, and the cable conduit connector in sequence, and enter from the back of the control box to connect to the PLC human-machine interaction interface all-in-one machine.

[0011] The PLC human-machine interaction system consists of a control box, a control button unit, and a PLC human-machine interaction interface all-in-one. The control button unit and the PLC human-machine interaction interface all-in-one are equipped with working indicator lights. The control button unit is encapsulated in the control box, and the human-machine interaction interface all-in-one is set on one side of the control box. The main cable conduit is used to realize the electrical connection between the power supply distribution system of the driving power supply and the power supply and control of the PLC human-machine interaction system. The feedback cable conduit is used to realize the electrical connection between the data acquisition feedback unit and the data acquisition, feedback and control of the PLC human-machine interaction system. The control box is fixedly connected below the stepper motor.

[0012] The drive power distribution system includes a distribution box, a three-wire power input plug, a power switch, a leakage protector, a 24V DC switching power supply, a stepper motor driver and a main cable conduit. The distribution box is connected to the PLC human-machine interaction system and the stepper motor through cables.

[0013] Preferably, when the counter-position damping shift system moves 3mm to the left, the ratchet at the right end of the counter-position damping shift sleeve disengages from the ratchet at the left end of the transmission plate; then it continues to move 4mm to the left, the left end coupling of the damping spiral guide sleeve coupling and the right end coupling of the spline sleeve coupling engage with each other, the left end face of the counter-position damping shift sleeve and the right end face of the large magnetic ring are attracted, and the rotational power of the motor input main shaft reaches the output shaft spline from the spiral spline section. At this time, the transmission ratio is 1:1, and the output is directly transmitted.

[0014] Preferably, when the counter position damping shift sleeve moves to the left and the transmission ratio is 1:1, and the position proximity switch senses the convex point 8-2 on the right side of the counter position damping shift sleeve, the position proximity switch loses power and feeds back a power-off signal to the PLC human-computer interaction system; at this time, the data sensed by the counting proximity switch on the 20 counting grooves on the left outer circle of the counter position damping shift sleeve is judged as the no-load travel distance data of the lathe tailstock slide in fast retract or fast forward, and the data is fed back to the PLC human-computer interaction system;

[0015] When the counting and position-counting damping shift sleeve moves to the right and the transmission ratio is 1:20, and the position-counting proximity switch senses the middle concave point 8-3 of the counting and position-counting damping shift sleeve, the position-counting proximity switch is energized and feeds back a power-on signal to the PLC human-computer interaction system; at this time, the data sensed by the counting proximity switch on the 20 counting grooves on the left outer circle of the counting and position-counting damping shift sleeve is judged as the depth distance data of the drill bit after it contacts the workpiece and decelerates the feed at 1:20, and the data is fed back to the PLC control system.

[0016] Preferably, when the motor input spindle is rotating forward, because the drill bit has not yet touched the workpiece at the initial stage of each forward start, the initial stage of forward start and reverse fast rewind are both running in a no-load state, and the PLC program determines that it is the no-load movement stroke count of the lathe tailstock slide, and the fast forward and fast rewind no-load movement stroke count includes the repeated drilling depth reciprocating incremental superposition data; because the left end face of the counter position damping shift slide sleeve is attracted to the right end face of the large magnetic ring, the right-handed helical spline of the spindle helical spline section cannot temporarily pull the entire set of counter position damping shift slide sleeve system back to the right, so the transmission ratio is still 1:1; when the output shaft screw drives the slide nut in the lathe tailstock with a 1:1 transmission, the slide and the drill bit are extended to the left together, so that the drill bit is subjected to resistance when it contacts the workpiece, and the spindle nut is turned to the left. The spline section rotates the inner spiral spline of the damping spiral guide sleeve assembly clockwise and pulls the internal spiral spline of the damping spiral guide sleeve assembly to the right, so that the left end face of the counter and position damping shift sleeve is separated from the right end face of the large magnetic ring, and the counter and position damping shift system moves 7mm to the right; when it moves to the right to a distance of 4mm, the damping spiral guide sleeve assembly is separated from the spline sleeve assembly. At this time, the main shaft spiral spline drives the damping spiral guide sleeve assembly to a sliding and rotating state in the counter and position damping shift sleeve; when it continues to move to the right for a distance of 3mm, the ratchet at the right end of the counter and position damping shift sleeve engages with the ratchet at the left end of the transmission disk. At this time, the transmission ratio is 1:20, and the transmission output is reduced. The PLC program determines that the drill bit has contacted the workpiece and counts the depth of the hole being drilled, which includes multiple incremental drilling depth superposition data.

[0017] Preferably, there are 6 through holes, which are evenly spaced on the transmission plate, and the diameter of the through holes is 6 mm; the outer diameter of the toggle steel needle sleeve is 10 mm, and the diameter of the toggle hole opened on the end face of the 20-tooth cycloid wheel is 13 mm.

[0018] Preferably, the cycloid reducer is driven by the rotation of the eccentric section of the motor input main shaft to drive the 20-tooth cycloid wheel to swing around the 19-tooth fixed wheel to perform a cross-tooth deceleration motion. The eccentric section rotates one circle, and the 20-tooth cycloid wheel swings around the 19-tooth fixed wheel once and crosses one tooth; when the eccentric section rotates twenty circles, the 20-tooth cycloid wheel swings around the 19-tooth fixed wheel twenty times and also crosses twenty teeth, the 20-tooth cycloid wheel rotates one circle to achieve a reduction ratio of 1:20, and the six dial holes of the 20-tooth cycloid wheel transmit power to the six dial steel needle sleeves and the dial steel needles of the transmission disk and complete the work of the cycloid reducer mechanism.

[0019] Preferably, the main housing is the outer shell of the cycloid wave reducer, and the main housing is mounted on the outside of the cycloid wave reducer; the main housing is provided with a position meter mounting hole, a counting mounting hole, a slotted hole, a proximity switch mounting chamber, a slotted assembly counterbore, an oil filling port and an oil level observation window. The slotted hole is opened to facilitate the installation of the position meter proximity switch and the counting proximity switch. After the position meter proximity switch and the counting proximity switch are installed, the slotted hole is blocked with a plug. The oil filling port is used to inject lubricating oil into the inside of the cycloid wave reducer, and the oil level observation window is used to observe the amount of lubricating oil inside the cycloid wave reducer.

[0020] Preferably, the output shaft screw structure includes an output shaft, a No. 6 bearing, a copper washer and a locking nut; the end of the output shaft outer circle which is sleeved with the No. 6 bearing is inserted into the step hole on the left end face of the main housing, the output shaft extending to the right side of the step hole is a threaded section and a spline section, the threaded section close to the right side of the step hole is sleeved with a copper washer, the right end face of the copper washer is provided with a locking nut which is tightened on the positioning step of the output shaft, but does not press the copper washer and the step hole and No. 6 bearing of the main housing, the output shaft, No. 6 bearing, copper washer and locking nut can rotate in the step hole of the main housing but will not move left and right.

[0021] The device of the present invention has two modes: manual control and automatic control. If the manual control mode is selected, the speed of the stepper motor needs to be set to the same as the speed of the workpiece, and then the start button is pressed to start drilling; if the automatic control mode is selected, the speed of the stepper motor and the drilling depth need to be set, and a suitable sub-mode is selected according to the drill bit diameter corresponding to the drilling depth. The sub-modes include graded completion for drill bit diameters of 10-25mm, graded completion for drill bit diameters of 26-40mm, and one-time completion for drill bit diameters ≥41mm, for a total of three types; among them, graded completion for drill bit diameters of 10-25 and graded completion for drill bit diameters of 26-40 are unequal-step back-cutting modes, and one-time completion for drill bit diameters ≥41 is a one-time completion mode without midway back-cutting.

[0022] The cycloid wave wheel reducer combines the needle housing and the gear needle into an internal gear ring with internal wave teeth based on the cycloid pinwheel reducer to achieve the purpose of not losing torque but reducing the volume; the counter and position damping shifting system is an automatic shifting mechanism designed according to the working principle of this equipment under the drive of a stepping motor. The working principle is explained as follows: when the gear transmission ratio is 1:1, the input shaft and the output shaft are at the same speed, the output shaft lead screw pitch is 5mm per revolution, and each revolution of the output shaft is equal to the distance the lathe tailstock slide moves 5mm. When the gear transmission ratio is 1:20, the input shaft rotates 1 circle, the output shaft rotates 0.05 circles, and the tailstock slide moves a distance = 0.25mm, that is: 1 / 20*5=0.25mm, thereby achieving the purpose of decelerating drilling.

[0023] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The present invention has the characteristics of novel design, compact structure, reliability and durability, easy and flexible operation, two axes in the same line and direction, etc. It can be applied to the tailstock of 3-axis linkage horizontal CNC lathes and ordinary horizontal lathes;

[0025] 2. The present invention adopts an unequal-step back-cutting mode, which greatly improves the efficiency of deep hole drilling compared with other conventional CNC drilling equal-step back-cutting modes, that is, the drilling depth decreases step by step each time, and the chip removal frequency increases step by step. This gives the lathe tailstock an intelligent and flexible automatic drilling capability, greatly saving working time. One person can operate multiple machines, saving labor, and greatly improving production efficiency for the machine tool processing industry;

[0026] 3. After drilling a workpiece during operation, there is no need to position and clamp the next workpiece when replacing it. The position of the moved tailstock can be reset and locked each time within the required drilling stroke, including the limit position range at both ends of the tailstock slide. There is no need to constrain the precise distance between the workpiece and the drill bit. The device can start and count the drilling at any point within the limit position range at both ends of the tailstock slide.

[0027] 4. The present invention removes the needle housing and gear needle of the traditional cycloid pinwheel reducer and uses inner wavy teeth as the swing wheel to swing and rotate around the outer wavy fixed wheel to achieve the purpose of the input shaft and the output shaft being in the same direction. At the same time, the volume is much smaller than that of the traditional cycloid pinwheel reducer and the structure is also much simpler. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the stepper motor, cycloid reducer, and counter-position damping shift system (the motor input spindle 1, eccentric section 1A, helical spline section 1B, straight spline section 1C, straight shaft section 1D, output shaft 13, output shaft spline 13A, motor rotor 28, and hand-crank return spring 34 are the core components and are not cross-sectionally depicted for ease of viewing).

[0029] Figure 2 Exploded diagram of the cycloid reducer (excluding the motor spindle);

[0030] Figure 3 The exploded structure diagram of the counter and position damping shift system;

[0031] Figure 4 The exploded diagram of the stepper motor, cycloid reducer and counter position damping shifting system;

[0032] Figure 5 The installation position of the data acquisition feedback unit of the main housing and the sensing area of ​​the two proximity switches;

[0033] Figure 6 Exploded view of the main housing data acquisition and feedback unit installation chamber connected to the rear of the aluminum alloy control box e through the proximity switch cable conduit;

[0034] Figure 7 This diagram shows the state of the damping spiral guide sleeve coupling and the spline sleeve coupling in separation and separation. In the figure: A shows the two couplings in the separated state, B shows the ratchet meshing state with a transmission ratio of 1:20, C shows the energization of the sensing point of the position-counting proximity switch, D shows the drilling depth of the counting proximity switch, and E shows the 7mm area where the large magnetic ring slides to engage and disengage the counter-position damping shift system.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a diagram of the state of the damping spiral guide sleeve coupling and the spline sleeve coupling. In the figure: F is the state of the two couplings being engaged, G is the state of the ratchet teeth being separated with a transmission ratio of 1:1, H is the state of the sensing bump of the position counting proximity switch losing power, and I is the state of the counting proximity switch measuring the fast retracting distance or fast forward distance;

[0036] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the present invention, in which: a-groove-shaped assembly countersunk hole, b-oil filling port, c-oil level observation window, d-stepping motor, e-aluminum alloy control box, f-control button, g-display screen, h-screen operation indicator light;

[0037] Figure 10 This is an assembly diagram of the present invention and the lathe tailstock;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the stepping motor, PLC human-machine interaction system, and driving power distribution system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Where specific techniques, connections, or conditions are not specified in the examples, the techniques, connections, and conditions described in the literature in the art or in accordance with the product specifications were used. Materials, instruments, or equipment used, where the manufacturer is not specified, are all commercially available conventional products.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "disposed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; and direct or indirect connections through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0041] See also Figures 1-11 As shown, the present invention provides a CNC tailstock drilling device, comprising: a stepping motor, a cycloid reducer, a counter and position damping shifting system, a data acquisition and feedback unit, a PLC human-computer interaction system, and a drive power distribution system;

[0042] The drilling power of the device of the present invention is provided by a stepper motor. The left end face of the stepper motor stator 27 is connected to the transition flange 30 by four through-bolts. The bolts penetrate the motor stator 27 and are connected to the motor rear end cover 31 at the right end face of the motor stator. The motor input spindle 1 of the stepper motor is mounted on the transition flange 30, the rear end cover, and the motor stator 27, with bearings No. 1 and No. 2, 22, and the motor rotor 28. The motor input spindle 1 includes an eccentric section 1A with an eccentricity of 3 mm and a helical spline section 1B within the cycloid reducer. A hand-cranked wheel mounting section extends from the rear end cover of the motor, including a straight spline section 1C and a straight shaft section 1D.

[0043] A hand-cranked wheel 35 is provided on the extension section of the input main shaft 1 near the rear end cover of the motor. The left section of the inner hole of the hand-cranked wheel is a straight internal spline, and the right section of the inner hole is sleeved with a tight-fitting copper sleeve 36. The inner hole of the copper sleeve is movably fitted on the outer circle of the optical axis section 1A of the motor main shaft, and can rotate freely and slide left and right. The outer circle of the straight spline section 1C of the motor main shaft extending out of the rear end cover 31 of the motor is sleeved with a return spring 34. Under the thrust of the return spring, the hand-cranked wheel 35 and the copper sleeve 36 are in the position of the optical axis section 1D and do not rotate with the input main shaft 1 of the motor. There is a threaded hole in the center of the right end face of the optical axis section 1D. The main shaft end stopper 37 is sleeved on the stopper screw 38 and tightened in the threaded hole in the center of the right end face of the optical axis section 1D to prevent the hand-cranked wheel 35 from falling off. When the motor is not running, the hand-cranked wheel can be pushed to the left by manpower, and the inner spline on the left side of the hand-cranked wheel is sleeved on the straight spline section 1C of the main shaft, and the input main shaft 1 of the motor can be rotated by manpower.

[0044] The cycloid reducer consists of a transition flange 30, a 19-tooth fixed wheel 3, a 20-tooth cycloid wheel 2, a transmission plate 4, a toggle steel needle sleeve 5, a toggle steel needle 6, a No. 3 bearing 23, a No. 4 bearing 24 and a No. 5 bearing 25; the 19-tooth fixed wheel 3 is fixed to the outer circle of the boss on the left end face of the transition flange 30 by four 5mm bolts, and the 20-tooth cycloid wheel 2 is mounted on the eccentric segment 1A of the motor input spindle with an eccentric distance of 3mm through the No. 3 bearing 23; when the stepper motor input spindle rotates one circle, the eccentric segment drives the cycloid wheel to swing once, and the 20-tooth inner teeth of the cycloid wheel will rotate on the fixed wheel The cycloid wheel rotates 1 / 20 of a circle around the fixed wheel, that is, the input spindle of the stepping motor rotates 20 circles and the cycloid wheel rotates one circle, so as to achieve a reduction ratio of 1:20; the end face of the transmission disc 4 is provided with a through hole, and a toggle steel needle is inserted into each of the through holes. The toggle steel needle has a 9mm extended section on the right end face of the transmission disc 4, and a toggle steel needle sleeve 5 is sleeved on the outer circle of the toggle steel needle of the extended section, and the toggle steel needle sleeve is then inserted into the toggle hole provided on the end face of the 20-tooth cycloid wheel 2; the cycloid wave wheel reducer is installed between the main housing 29 and the motor stator 27;

[0045] The counter position damping shift system includes a counter position damping shift sliding sleeve 8, a damping spiral guide sleeve combination 7, a bearing ring 11, a corrugated spring piece 9, a hole retaining ring 10 and a spline sleeve combination 12; the right side of the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve 8 is internally sleeved with the damping spiral guide sleeve combination 7, and the right side of the damping spiral guide sleeve combination 7 is externally sleeved with a bearing ring 11, and a round bottom groove 11-1 with a width of 2.2mm and a depth of 1mm is opened on the outer circle of the bearing ring 11, and the round bottom groove 11-1 corresponds to the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve 8. The anti-rotation fixed steel ball concave point 8-1 in the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve 8 is equipped with a steel ball with a diameter of 2mm, so that the bearing ring 11 and the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve 8 rotate together but do not restrict the axial movement of the bearing ring 11; the damping spiral guide sleeve joint 7 on the right end face of the bearing ring 11 is provided with a corrugated spring piece 9 and a hole retaining ring 10 to press the bearing ring, so that it generates a friction damping cooperation relationship with the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve 8; the rotation The effect of friction damping force is designed relative to the internal spiral spline of the damping spiral guide sleeve joint 7 and the external spiral spline section 1B of the motor input main shaft. Its effect is that when the left end joint of the damping spiral guide sleeve joint 7 is separated from the spline sleeve joint 12, and the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve 8 and the ratchet teeth of the transmission plate are not engaged, the damping spiral guide sleeve joint 7 is in a sliding rotation state in the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve 8, and the external spiral spline section 1B of the motor input main shaft cannot only The damping spiral guide sleeve coupler 7 and the counter position damping shift sleeve 8 are pulled back to the right by its forward rotation. However, the corrugated spring piece 9 exerts a certain pressure on the bearing ring 11 and the damping spiral guide sleeve coupler 7, generating a force of friction damping on the inner table of the counter position damping shift sleeve 8. Only then can the spiral spline section 1B of the motor input main shaft pull the entire set of counter position damping shift sleeve back 3mm to the right so that the ratchet at the right end of the counter position damping shift sleeve 8 meshes with the ratchet at the left end of the transmission plate 4.

[0046] There are two types of damping forces of the counter and position damping shift sleeve 8; the first is the above-mentioned rotational friction damping force, and the second is the adsorption damping force of the large magnetic ring 15 on the left end face of the counter and position damping shift sleeve 8, which makes the helical spline section 1B of the motor input shaft temporarily unable to pull the entire set of counter and position damping shift sleeves back to the right when it is no-load forward rotating. The rotational friction damping force is slightly greater than the adsorption force of the large magnetic ring. When the drill bit contacts the workpiece, the two couplings and the left end face of the counter and position damping shift sleeve 8 are separated from the large magnetic ring before the counter and position damping shift sleeve 8 and the damping spiral guide sleeve coupling 7 slip, that is; the no-load forward rotation of the helical spline section 1B of the motor input shaft is blocked, pulling the entire set of counter and position damping shift sleeves back 7mm to the right, and the helical spline section 1B of the motor input shaft is reversed, easily pushing the entire set of counter and position damping shift sleeves 7mm to the left.

[0047] The left internal spline of the counter and position damping shift sleeve 8 is mounted on the external spline of the spline sleeve coupling 12 and can slide left and right a distance of 7mm for shifting and transmitting power to the output shaft 13. The inner hole of the damping spiral guide sleeve coupling 7 is a right-handed spiral internal spline, which is mounted on the outside of the spiral spline section 1B of the motor input main shaft 1.

[0048] The inner hole of the spline sleeve coupling 12 is a straight internal spline, which is fitted over the output shaft spline 13A at the right end of the output shaft 13. A groove is provided on the outer circumference of the output shaft spline 13A near the end, into which a wire clamp 14 is inserted, locking the spline sleeve coupling 12 in the position of the output shaft spline 13A and preventing it from moving. A large magnetic ring 15 is fitted over the outer circumference of the left end of the spline sleeve coupling 12. When the motor input spindle 1 is reversed, the helical spline section 1B pushes the counter position damping shift system to the left by 7 mm due to the friction damping force generated between the damping spiral guide sleeve coupling 7 and the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve 8. The counter position damping shift sliding sleeve 8 is cooperatively connected to the transmission plate 4.

[0049] The data acquisition and feedback unit includes a position-counting proximity switch 17 and a counting proximity switch 18. The two proximity switches are in the shape of cylindrical external threads and are respectively installed in the position-counting mounting hole 29-1 and the counting mounting hole 29-2 in the proximity switch mounting chamber 29-4 through the slotted hole 29-3. The position-counting proximity switch 17 is used to determine the position of the counter-position-counting damping shift sleeve 8, and the counting proximity switch 18 is used to determine the number of rotations of the counter-position-counting damping shift sleeve 8. The position-counting proximity switch 17 and the counting proximity switch 18 are electrically connected to the PLC human-computer interaction system; the feedback cables of the two proximity switches pass through the cover plate 40, the No. 1 cable conduit connector 39A, the main cable conduit, and the No. 2 cable conduit connector 39B in sequence, and enter from the back of the control box e to connect to the PLC human-computer interaction interface integrated machine g;

[0050] The PLC human-machine interaction system consists of a control box, a PLC human-machine interaction interface (HMI) all-in-one unit, and a control button unit. The HMI and HMI are encapsulated within the control box, with the HMI located on one side of the control box. The PLC HMI system integrates an existing PLC programmable logic controller (PLC) and a programmable liquid crystal resistive touch screen display. The PLC programmable logic controller is loaded with a pre-programmed, fixed 1885-step control program for automatic and manual control, and the HMI interface includes user-operated option buttons. The control box has mounting slots for the start, stop, and rewind control buttons, as well as mounting holes for the main cable conduit and feedback cable conduit. The main cable conduit electrically connects the drive power distribution system and the PLC HMI system for power and control. The feedback cable conduit and No. 3 cable conduit connector 39C electrically connect the data acquisition and feedback unit to the PLC HMI system for data acquisition, feedback, and control. The stepper motor is bolted to the control box.

[0051] The drive power distribution system includes a distribution box, which is connected to the PLC human-machine interface system and stepper motor via cables. The distribution box houses a 220V power supply line, a power switch, a leakage protection switch, a 24V DC switching power converter, and a 220V stepper motor pulse power driver. These electrical devices are conventional. The leakage protection switch automatically trips when the current reaches 30 mA in the event of a leakage current in the grounded metal casing, protecting the operator. The 220V stepper motor pulse power driver breaks down the 220V continuous current into the 3200 pulse segments required for each stepper motor revolution, supplying the stepper motor with power. The driving power distribution system is connected to the PLC human-machine interaction system and the stepper motor by a 12-core cable; the 24V DC switching power converter is the power supply unit of the PLC human-machine interaction system, the PLC human-machine interaction system is the control unit of the 220V stepper motor pulse power generation driver, and the 220V stepper motor pulse power generation driver is the power supply unit of the stepper motor.

[0052] When the counter-position damping shift system moves 3mm to the left, the ratchet at the right end of the counter-position damping shift sleeve 8 disengages from the ratchet at the left end of the transmission plate 4; it continues to move 4mm to the left, the left end coupling of the damping spiral guide sleeve 7 and the right end coupling of the spline sleeve 12 engage with each other, and the left end face of the counter-position damping shift sleeve 8 engages with the right end face of the large magnetic ring 15. The rotational power of the motor input main shaft 1 passes through the spiral spline section 1B through the two couplings to reach the output shaft spline 13A. At this time, the transmission ratio is 1:1, and the output is directly transmitted.

[0053] When the counting and position-counting damping shift sleeve 8 moves to the left, the transmission ratio is 1:1, and the position-counting proximity switch 17 senses the convex point 8-2 on the right side of the counting and position-counting damping shift sleeve 8, the position-counting proximity switch 17 loses power and feeds back a power-off signal to the PLC human-computer interaction system; at this time, the data sensed by the counting proximity switch 18 on the 20 counting grooves on the left outer circle of the counting and position-counting damping shift sleeve 8 is judged as the no-load travel distance data of the lathe tailstock slide in fast retract or fast forward, and the data is fed back to the PLC human-computer interaction system;

[0054] When the counting and position-metering damping shift sleeve 8 moves to the right and the transmission ratio is 1:20, and the position-metering proximity switch senses the middle concave point 8-3 of the counting and position-metering damping shift sleeve 8, the position-metering proximity switch 17 is energized and feeds back a power-on signal to the PLC human-computer interaction system; at this time, the data sensed by the counting proximity switch 18 on the 20 counting grooves on the left outer circle of the counting and position-metering damping shift sleeve 8 is judged as the depth distance data of the drill bit after it contacts the workpiece and decelerates the feed at 1:20, and the data is fed back to the PLC control system.

[0055] When the motor input spindle 1 rotates forward (clockwise), the drill bit has not yet touched the workpiece at the initial stage of each forward start, so it runs in a no-load state at the initial stage of the forward start; because the left end face of the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve 8 is attracted to the right end face of the large magnetic ring 15, the right-handed spiral spline of the spindle helical spline section 1A cannot temporarily pull the entire set of counter position damping shift sliding sleeve back to the right, so the transmission ratio is still 1:1; when the screw rod of the output shaft 13 drives the slide nut in the tailstock of the lathe at 1:1, so that the slide and the drill bit extend to the left together, so that the drill bit encounters resistance when it touches the workpiece, the spindle helical spline section 1A pushes the damping nut Under the pulling force of the inner spiral spline of the guide sleeve coupler 7 rotating clockwise to the right, the left end face of the counter position damping shift sleeve 8 is separated from the right end face of the large magnetic ring 15, so that the counter position damping shift system moves 7mm to the right; when it moves to the right to a distance of 4mm, the damping spiral guide sleeve coupler 7 is separated from the spline sleeve coupler 12. At this time, the main shaft spiral spline 1A drives the damping spiral guide sleeve coupler 7 to a sliding and rotating state in the counter position damping shift sleeve 8; when it continues to move to the right by a distance of 3mm, the ratchet at the right end of the counter position damping shift sleeve 8 engages with the ratchet at the left end of the transmission plate 4. At this time, the transmission ratio is 1:20, and the transmission output is reduced.

[0056] There are 6 through-holes, which are evenly spaced on the transmission disc 4, and the diameter of the through-holes is 6mm; the outer diameter of the toggle steel needle sleeve is 10mm, and the diameter of the toggle hole opened on the end face of the 20-tooth cycloid wheel 2 is 13mm. The difference of 3mm is provided for the active area when the cycloid wheel swings. When the cycloid wheel swings and rotates, the power is transmitted to the transmission disc through the six toggle holes to realize the transmission of power to the next system damping shift system.

[0057] The cycloid reducer is driven by the eccentric section 1A of the motor input main shaft 1 to rotate and drive the 20-tooth cycloid wheel 2 to swing around the 19-tooth fixed wheel 3 to perform a cross-tooth deceleration motion. The eccentric section 1A rotates one circle, and the 20-tooth cycloid wheel 2 swings around the 19-tooth fixed wheel 3 once, crossing one tooth; when the eccentric section rotates twenty circles, the 20-tooth cycloid wheel 2 swings around the 19-tooth fixed wheel 3 twenty times and also crosses twenty teeth, the 20-tooth cycloid wheel 2 rotates one circle to achieve a reduction ratio of 1:20. The six toggle holes of the 20-tooth cycloid wheel 2 transmit power to the six toggle steel needle sleeves 5 and the toggle steel needle 6 of the transmission disk 4 and complete the work of the cycloid reducer mechanism; the left end of the motor input main shaft 1 has a convex head with a diameter of 10mm and a length of 12mm, which is inserted into the hole at the right end of the output shaft 13 to stabilize the output shaft 13 to a certain extent.

[0058] In the accessories of the present invention, the 20-tooth cycloid impeller 2, the 19-tooth fixed impeller 3, the damping spiral guide sleeve connector 7, the wear ring 11 and the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve 8 are made of GCr15 wear-resistant alloy bearing steel.

[0059] Further optimization plan, the device has two modes of manual control and automatic control. If manual control mode is selected, the speed of the stepper motor needs to be set to the same as the speed of the workpiece, and then the start button is pressed to start drilling; if automatic control mode is selected, the speed of the stepper motor, the drilling depth, and the appropriate sub-mode need to be set according to the drilling depth and the corresponding drill diameter. The sub-modes include graded completion of drill diameter 10-25mm, graded completion of drill diameter 26-40mm, and one-time completion of drill diameter ≥41mm, a total of three; among them, graded completion of drill diameter 10-25 and graded completion of drill diameter 26-40 are unequal-step back-cutting modes, and one-time completion of drill diameter ≥41 is a one-time completion mode without back-cutting in the middle.

[0060] In one embodiment, if manual control mode is selected, it is only necessary to set the speed of the stepper motor to the same as the speed of the workpiece, and then press the start button to start drilling; after starting, since the large magnetic ring 15 adsorbs the counter position damping shift sleeve 8 and cannot slide to the right, the tailstock slide and the drill bit are quickly extended to the point of contact with the workpiece with a transmission ratio of 1:1, and then the helical spline section 1B at the left end of the motor input spindle 1 rotates and pulls the bearing ring 11 and the damping spiral guide sleeve coupling 7 under the pressure of the corrugated spring piece 9, so that the left end face of the counter position damping shift sleeve 8 is disengaged from the right end face of the large magnetic ring 15, and the entire counter position damping shift system is moved to the right together to disengage the two couplings, and then the small magnetic ring 15 is engaged. Under the adsorption force of the ring 16, it fully meshes with the ratchet on the left end face of the transmission disk 4. At this time, the 1:1 direct drive is automatically shifted to a 1:20 reduction drive for drilling; when the drilling is completed, press the stop button, then press the rewind button. When the motor reverses, the wear ring 11 subjected to the pressure of the corrugated spring piece 9 causes the friction damping effect generated by the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve 8 and the damping spiral guide sleeve combination 7, and the spiral spline section 1B at the left end of the motor input spindle 1 is reversed and rotated counterclockwise to push the entire counter position damping shift system to the left, disengaging the adsorption of the small magnetic ring 16 and the two ratchets at the same time. Then, combined with the two combinations, it automatically shifts to a 1:1 direct drive output shaft 13, so that the drill bit can be quickly withdrawn and the rewind button is released to stop.

[0061] During the above working process, the left end of the counter position damping shift sleeve 8 is always mounted on the outer spline of the spline sleeve coupler 12 by the inner spline and does not disengage, and can move left and right. The power for its movement is provided by the right-handed spiral spline at the left end of the motor input main shaft 1 pushing and pulling the damping spiral guide sleeve coupler 7. When the damping spiral guide sleeve coupler 7 is combined with the spline sleeve coupler 12 to transmit 1:1 forward rotation so that the drill bit is blocked from contacting the workpiece, the right-handed spiral spline at the left end of the motor input main shaft 1 pulls the damping spiral guide sleeve coupler 7 to disengage the entire counter position damping shift system from the adsorption of the large magnetic ring 15 and move it to the right, while also disengaging the two couplers. Under the attraction of the small magnetic ring 16, the ratchet at the right end of the counter position damping shift sleeve is fully engaged with the ratchet of the transmission disc. After the damping spiral guide sleeve coupler 7 is disengaged from the spline sleeve coupler 12, it is at the same speed as the motor input main shaft 1 and idles rapidly without transmission in the counter position damping shift sleeve, but the wear ring The outer circle of 11 is clamped together with the inner circle of the counter and position damping shift sleeve 8 by a steel ball with a diameter of 2mm, and does not rotate rapidly with the damping spiral guide sleeve joint 7. Under the pressure generated by the corrugated spring piece 9 on the bearing ring 11 when the hole retaining ring 10 is used to clamp the corrugated spring piece 9, the steps of the damping spiral guide sleeve joint 7 and the steps of the counter and position damping shift sleeve 8 generate damping friction with each other, which is used to push the entire counter and position damping shift system when the spiral spline segment 1B is reversed. At this time, the transmission ratio is 1:20, and is transmitted to the output shaft 13 by the transmission disc 4 through the spline between the counter and position damping shift sleeve 8 and the spline sleeve joint 12. When the motor input spindle 1 reverses, since the damping spiral guide sleeve coupler 7 is in a non-transmission idling state relative to the counter position damping shift sleeve 8, and at the same time, there is the adsorption force of the small magnetic ring 16, the right-handed spiral spline of the spiral spline segment 1B cannot push the entire counter position damping shift system to the left. At this time, the corrugated spring piece 9 and the wear ring 11 pressed by the retaining ring set in the right end of the counter position damping shift sleeve 8 produce a certain damping between the counter position damping shift sleeve 8 and the damping spiral guide sleeve coupler 7. When the right-handed spiral spline of the spiral spline segment 1B reverses counterclockwise, the entire counter position damping shift system is pushed to the left under the action of damping and engages the two couplers. At this time, it is a 1:1 reverse fast rewind drill bit. In the 1:1 state, the damping spiral guide sleeve coupler 7 and the counter position damping shift sleeve 8 rotate at the same speed without damping friction.

[0062] In one embodiment, if the automatic control mode is selected, it is necessary to set the speed of the stepper motor, the drilling depth, and select a suitable sub-mode according to the drill bit diameter corresponding to the drilling depth. The sub-modes include graded completion of drill bit diameter 10-25mm, graded completion of drill bit diameter 26-40mm, and one-time completion of drill bit diameter ≥41mm, for a total of three types; among them, graded completion of drill bit diameter 10-25 and graded completion of drill bit diameter 26-40 are unequal-step back-cutting modes, and one-time completion of drill bit diameter ≥41 is a one-time completion mode without back-cutting in the middle.

[0063] If the selected sub-mode is the drill bit diameter 10-25 graded completion, the working order is: press the start button, the program records the starting point, the motor rotates forward, the drill bit fast forwards at 1:1, when the drill bit quickly contacts the workpiece and is blocked and shifted, the counter position damping shift sleeve 8 slides to the right, so that its ratchet engages with the ratchet of the transmission plate 4 with a transmission ratio of 1:20, and the middle section of the outer circle of the counter position damping shift sleeve 8 has a middle concave point 8-3 (position groove), and when the position proximity switch 17 aligns with its concave point, it sends an electrical signal to the PLC human-computer interaction system, the program records the near point, and starts drilling the workpiece; the left section of the outer circle of the counter position damping shift sleeve 8 has 20 counting grooves around it for counting the magnetic induction counts of the proximity switch 18. When the drilling depth reaches 50mm, the motor stops for 1 second, the buffer start reverses and automatically changes The gear is 1:1, the counter position damping shift sleeve 8 slides to the left, and aligns the right convex point with the position proximity switch 17. At this time, the position proximity switch 17 sends a power-off signal to the PLC human-machine interaction system. The drill bit is quickly retreated for chip removal for the first time. When the drill bit is quickly retreated to the near point (workpiece hole position), the motor stops and starts forward from 0 to the set speed value within 100 milliseconds in a buffered start manner. At this time, the counter position damping shift sleeve 8 is still fast forwarded to the bottom of the hole for the second time under the adsorption force of the large magnetic ring 15. It is blocked and shifted to 1:20 to drill 25mm deep. After the motor stops for 1 second, the buffer start reverses and automatically shifts to 1:1 for the second time to quickly retreat to the near point for chip removal; the third drilling is 15mm deep, and each subsequent drilling is at most 15mm deep until the last remainder is completed, and the machine is quickly retreated to the starting point and stopped. At this time, if it is inconvenient to replace the workpiece, the tailstock can be moved away. After replacing the workpiece, there is no need to accurately reset the tailstock when pulling it back. You only need to lock the tailstock in the approximate position to drill the next workpiece.

[0064] Note: Because the drilling depth set by the user is counted from the moment the drill bit contacts the workpiece, the distance from the starting point recorded when the start button is pressed to the nearest point recorded when the drill bit contacts the workpiece is not included in the drilling depth set by the user, that is, it can be long or short, but the depth distance after drilling is transferred and included in the repeated fast forward and retract distances, so the tailstock can be fixed and locked at will within the allowable range, but the distance from the pre-extended tailstock slide before starting plus the distance from the starting point recorded at start to the nearest point recorded when the drill bit contacts the workpiece, plus the drilling depth distance set by the user, all three must be included in the limit positions at both ends of the tailstock slide, that is, the total stroke range of the tailstock slide. This can be roughly judged by the user.

[0065] If the selected sub-mode is drill bit diameter 26-40 graded completion, the working principle is the same as above, but the unequal step intervals are changed to 80mm for the first time, 30mm for the second time, and a maximum of 20mm each time thereafter until the last remainder is completed and the machine quickly returns to the starting point and stops.

[0066] If the selected sub-mode is drill diameter ≥ 41, the drill will not be removed in the middle, and the machine will quickly return to the starting point and stop after drilling to the set depth.

[0067] In standby mode, the required drilling parameters can be changed through the touch screen.

[0068] Note: During the drilling process, the workpiece rotates; the rotational power is provided by the lathe, and the drill moves left and right; the power is provided by this CNC tailstock drill.

[0069] To further optimize the solution, for the safety of operators and protection of equipment, the speed range of the device of the present invention is limited to 40-300 revolutions per minute. After the tailstock slide is inserted into the drill bit, the maximum stroke distance of the tailstock slide is still 160mm, so the maximum setting drilling depth of the drill is 140mm to limit the safe stroke range; during the operation process, if the tailstock slide stroke reaches the limit position during the operation of the motor and the motor is blocked, the counting proximity switch 18 will automatically determine that it is a fault if it cannot obtain the count within three seconds and stop working immediately to ensure the safety of the equipment. The maximum torque of the stepper motor is 12 Nm, which will not cause damage to the cycloid wave wheel reducer.

[0070] Since the stepper motor driver will default to giving a locking current to the stepper motor in the standby state so that its motor shaft is locked and cannot rotate, in order to facilitate the user to use the hand wheel to adjust the tailstock slide position in the standby state, the present invention uses a PLC program to replace the locking signal with an enable offline signal and constantly gives it to the stepper motor, so that the stepper motor input spindle 1 and the hand wheel 35 can be freely rotated by hand to adjust the tailstock slide position, and the hand wheel can be rotated without an enable signal in the shutdown state.

[0071] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any minor modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A CNC tailstock drilling device, characterized in that: include: Stepper motor, cycloid reducer, counter and position damping shifting system, output shaft screw structure, data acquisition and feedback unit, PLC human-computer interaction system and drive power distribution system; Among them, The left end face of the motor stator (27) of the stepper motor is connected to the transition flange (30) by a through bolt, and the bolt passes through the motor stator (27) and is connected to the motor rear end cover (31) at the right end face of the motor stator; the motor input main shaft (1) of the stepper motor is composed of a No. 1 bearing (21), a No. 2 bearing (22) and a motor rotor (28) which are set in the transition flange (30), the rear end cover (31) and the motor stator (27); the motor input main shaft (1) includes an eccentric section (1A) with an eccentricity of 3 mm and a spiral spline section (1B) in the cycloid wave wheel reducer, and a straight spline section (1C) and a smooth axis section (1D) extending outside the rear end cover (31); A hand wheel (35) is mounted on the extension section of the motor input spindle (1) near the rear end cover of the motor. The left section of the inner hole of the hand wheel is a straight internal spline, and the right section of the inner hole is covered with a copper sleeve (36). The inner hole of the copper sleeve is movably fitted on the outer circle of the optical shaft section (1D) of the motor input spindle. The outer circle of the straight spline section (1C) of the motor input spindle extending from the rear end cover (31) of the motor is covered with a return spring (34). There is a threaded hole in the center of the right end face of the optical shaft section (1D). The spindle end baffle (37) is mounted on the baffle screw (38) and is tightened in the threaded hole in the center of the right end face of the optical shaft section (1D) to block the hand wheel (35). The cycloid wave wheel reducer is composed of an intermediate flange (30), a 19-tooth fixed wheel (3), a 20-tooth cycloid wheel (2), a transmission plate (4), a toggle steel needle sleeve (5), a toggle steel needle (6), a No. 3 bearing (23), a No. 4 bearing (24), a small magnetic ring (16), a No. 5 bearing (25) and a main housing (29); the 19-tooth fixed wheel (3) is fixed to the outer circle of the boss on the left end face of the intermediate flange (30) by bolts, and the 20-tooth cycloid wheel (2) is sleeved on the eccentric section (1A) of the motor input main shaft through the No. 3 bearing (23); the transmission plate ( 4) The No. 5 bearing (25) is set in the main housing (29), and the inner hole of the transmission disc (4) is set with the No. 4 bearing (24) and the small magnetic ring (16). The No. 4 bearing (24) is set on the left side of the eccentric section of the motor input main shaft. The end face of the transmission disc (4) is provided with a through hole, and a toggle steel needle (6) is inserted into each through hole. The toggle steel needle has a 9mm extended extension section on the right end face of the transmission disc. A toggle steel needle sleeve (5) is sleeved on the outer circle of the toggle steel needle of the extended extension section, and the toggle steel needle sleeve is then extended into the toggle hole opened on the end face of the 20-tooth cycloid wheel (2); The counter position damping shift system comprises a counter position damping shift sliding sleeve (8), a damping spiral guide sleeve combination (7), a grinding ring (11), a corrugated spring piece (9), a hole retaining ring (10) and a spline sleeve combination (12); the right side inner sleeve of the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve (8) is provided with a damping spiral guide sleeve combination (7), the right side outer sleeve of the damping spiral guide sleeve combination (7) is provided with a grinding ring (11), a circular bottom groove (11-1) is provided on the outer circle of the grinding ring (11), and the circular bottom groove (11-1) corresponds to the anti-rotation fixed steel ball concave point (8-1) in the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve (8), and the anti-rotation fixed steel ball concave point (8-1) is provided on the outer circle of the anti-rotation fixed steel ball. A steel ball is provided in the fixed steel ball concave point (8-1) to clamp the circular bottom groove (11-1) on the outer circle of the grinding ring (11) so that the grinding ring (11) cannot rotate in the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve (8). The outer circle of the damping spiral guide sleeve joint (7) on the right end face of the grinding ring (11) is provided with a corrugated spring piece (9) and a hole retaining ring (10); the left inner spline of the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve (8) is sleeved on the outer spline of the spline sleeve joint (12) and can slide a distance of 7 mm; the right-handed spiral inner spline of the damping spiral guide sleeve joint (7) is sleeved on the outside of the spiral spline section (1B) of the motor input main shaft (1); The spline sleeve coupling (12) is directly internally splined and sleeved on the outside of the output shaft spline (13A) at the right end of the output shaft (13) of the output shaft screw structure; a groove is provided on the outer circle of the output shaft spline (13A) near the end, and a steel wire clamping ring (14) is clamped therein to clamp the spline sleeve coupling (12) at the position of the output shaft spline (13A); a large magnetic ring (15) is sleeved on the outer circle of the left end of the spline sleeve coupling (12); the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve (8) and the transmission plate (4) are connected by ratchet teeth in a detachable and detachable manner; The data acquisition feedback unit includes a position counting proximity switch (17) and a counting proximity switch (18). The two proximity switches are respectively installed in the position counting mounting hole (29-1) and the counting mounting hole (29-2) in the proximity switch mounting chamber (29-4) through a thread after passing through a slotted hole (29-3). The position counting proximity switch (17) is used to determine the position of the counting position damping shift sliding sleeve (8). The counting proximity switch (18) is used to determine the number of rotations of the counting position damping shift sliding sleeve (8). The position counting proximity switch (17) and the counting proximity switch (18) are electrically connected to the PLC human-computer interaction system. The PLC human-machine interaction system is composed of a control box (e), a control button unit (f), and a PLC human-machine interaction interface all-in-one machine (g). The control button unit (f) and the PLC human-machine interaction interface all-in-one machine are provided with a working indicator light (h). The control button unit is encapsulated in the control box, and the human-machine interaction interface all-in-one machine is arranged on a side surface of the control box. The main cable conduit (32A) is used to realize the electrical connection relationship between the power supply distribution system of the driving power supply and the power supply and control of the PLC human-machine interaction system. The feedback cable conduit (32B) is used to realize the electrical connection relationship between the data acquisition feedback unit and the data acquisition feedback and control of the PLC human-machine interaction system. The control box is fixedly connected below the stepping motor. The drive power distribution system includes a distribution box, a three-wire power input plug, a power switch, a leakage protector, a 24V DC switching power supply, a stepper motor driver and a main cable conduit. The distribution box is connected to the PLC human-machine interaction system and the stepper motor through cables.

2. A CNC tailstock drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the counter-position damping shift system moves 3mm to the left, the right end ratchet of the counter-position damping shift sleeve (8) is disengaged from the left end ratchet of the transmission plate (4); and then it continues to move 4mm to the left, the left end coupling of the damping spiral guide sleeve coupling (7) and the right end coupling of the spline sleeve coupling (12) are coupled with each other, and the left end face of the counter-position damping shift sleeve (8) is attracted to the right end face of the large magnetic ring (15), and the rotational power of the motor input main shaft (1) reaches the output shaft spline (13A) from the spiral spline section (1B). At this time, the transmission ratio is 1:1, and the output is directly transmitted.

3. A CNC tailstock drilling device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When the counting position damping shifting sleeve (8) moves to the left, the transmission ratio is 1:1, and the position proximity switch (17) senses the right side convex point (8-2) of the counting position damping shifting sleeve (8), the position proximity switch (17) loses power and feeds back a power-off signal to the PLC human-machine interaction system; at this time, the data sensed by the counting proximity switch (18) on the 20 counting grooves on the left outer circle of the counting position damping shifting sleeve (8) is judged as the no-load travel distance data of the lathe tailstock slide fast retracting or fast forwarding, and the data is fed back to the PLC human-machine interaction system; When the counting position damping shifting sleeve (8) moves to the right and the transmission ratio is 1:20, the position proximity switch senses the middle concave point (8-3) of the counting position damping shifting sleeve (8), and the position proximity switch (17) is energized and feeds back a power signal to the PLC human-machine interaction system; at this time, the data sensed by the counting proximity switch (18) on the 20 counting grooves on the left outer circle of the counting position damping shifting sleeve (8) is judged as the depth distance data of the drill bit after contacting the workpiece and feeding the hole at a deceleration of 1:20, and the data is fed back to the PLC control system.

4. A CNC tailstock drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the motor input spindle (1) rotates forward, the drill bit does not touch the workpiece at the initial stage of each forward start, so the forward start is always in a no-load state; because the left end face of the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve (8) and the right end face of the large magnetic ring (15) are attracted together, the right-handed spiral spline of the spiral spline section (1B) cannot temporarily pull the entire set of counter position damping shift sliding sleeve back to the right, so the transmission ratio is still 1:1; when the screw rod of the output shaft (13) drives the slide barrel nut in the lathe tailstock with a 1:1 transmission, so that the slide barrel and the drill bit are extended to the left together, so that the drill bit is subjected to resistance when it contacts the workpiece, the spiral spline section (1B) rotates the internal spiral spline of the damping spiral guide sleeve coupling (7) clockwise to the right, so that the left end face of the counter position damping shift sliding sleeve (8) is separated from the right end face of the large magnetic ring (15), so that ...7) is separated from the workpiece. The counter-position damping shift system moves to the right by a distance of 7 mm; when it moves to the right by a distance of 4 mm, the damping spiral guide sleeve combination (7) is separated from the spline sleeve combination (12). At this time, the spiral spline segment (1B) drives the damping spiral guide sleeve combination (7) to be in a friction sliding state in the counter-position damping shift sliding sleeve (8). Due to the pressure of the corrugated spring piece (9) set in the counter-position damping shift sliding sleeve (8) on the bearing ring (11), the outer table of the damping spiral guide sleeve combination (7) and the inner table of the counter-position damping shift sliding sleeve (8) generate a friction sliding rotation damping force, so that the spiral spline segment (1B) can continue to pull the entire counter-position damping shift system to the right by a distance of 3 mm. At this time, the ratchet on the right end of the counter-position damping shift sliding sleeve (8) is engaged with the ratchet on the left end of the transmission plate (4). At this time, the transmission ratio is 1:20, and the transmission output is reduced.

5. The CNC tailstock drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are 6 through holes, which are arranged at equal intervals on the transmission plate (4), and the diameter of the through holes is 6 mm; the outer diameter of the toggle steel needle sleeve is 10 mm, and the diameter of the toggle hole opened on the end face of the 20-tooth cycloid wheel (2) is 13 mm.

6. A CNC tailstock drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cycloid reducer is driven by the eccentric section (1A) of the motor input main shaft (1) to rotate and drive the 20-tooth cycloid wheel (2) to swing around the 19-tooth fixed wheel (3) to perform a cross-tooth reduction motion. The eccentric section (1A) rotates one circle, and the 20-tooth cycloid wheel (2) swings once around the 19-tooth fixed wheel (3) and crosses one tooth. When the eccentric section rotates twenty circles, the 20-tooth cycloid wheel (2) swings twenty times around the 19-tooth fixed wheel (3) and also crosses twenty teeth, the 20-tooth cycloid wheel (2) rotates one circle to achieve a reduction ratio of 1:

20. The six toggle holes of the 20-tooth cycloid wheel (2) transmit power to the six toggle steel needle sleeves (5) and the toggle steel needles (6) of the transmission disk (4) and complete the work of the cycloid reducer mechanism.

7. The CNC tailstock drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device has two modes: manual control and automatic control. If the manual control mode is selected, the speed of the stepper motor needs to be set to the same as the speed of the workpiece, and then the start button is pressed to start drilling; if the automatic control mode is selected, the speed of the stepper motor and the drilling depth need to be set, and the appropriate sub-mode is selected according to the drill bit diameter corresponding to the drilling depth. The sub-modes include graded completion of drill bit diameters of 10-25mm, graded completion of drill bit diameters of 26-40mm, and one-time completion of drill bit diameters ≥41mm, for a total of three types; among them, graded completion of drill bit diameters of 10-25 and graded completion of drill bit diameters of 26-40 are unequal-step back-cutting modes, and one-time completion of drill bit diameters ≥41 is a one-time completion mode without back-cutting in the middle.

8. The CNC tailstock drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main housing (29) is a cycloid wave wheel reducer housing, and the main housing (29) is mounted outside the cycloid wave wheel reducer; the main housing (29) is provided with a position meter mounting hole (29-1), a counting mounting hole (29-2), a slotted hole (29-3), a proximity switch mounting chamber (29-4), a slotted assembly counterbore (a), an oil filling port (b) and an oil level observation window (c); after the position meter proximity switch (17) and the counting proximity switch (18) are installed, the slotted hole (29-3) is blocked with a plug (33).

9. The CNC tailstock drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output shaft screw structure includes an output shaft (13), a No. 6 bearing (26), a copper washer (20) and a locking nut (19); one end of the output shaft (13) is sleeved with the No. 6 bearing (26) and inserted into the step hole on the left end face of the main housing (29); the output shaft extends to the right side of the step hole as a threaded section and a spline section, and the threaded section close to the right side of the step hole is sleeved with a copper washer (20), and the right end face of the copper washer has a locking nut (19) that is screwed onto the positioning step of the output shaft (13).

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