Lightning protection system, wind power blade, wind power generation device and lightning receptor at blade tip

Abstract

The application discloses a lightning protection system of a wind power blade, the wind power blade, a wind power generation device and a lightning receptor at a blade tip, which can improve the current carrying efficiency of a conductor and reduce the amount of conductor material. The lightning protection system is used for a blade and comprises a lightning receptor at a blade tip, a first conductor part and a second conductor part distributed along a first direction, the second conductor part being connected with the first conductor part, the lightning receptor being connectable with a blade tip of the blade and the first conductor part being at least partially arranged to protrude from the blade tip, and a first lead wire, one end of the first lead wire being electrically connected with the second conductor part and the other end extending towards a side where a blade root of the blade is located. At least one of the first conductor part and the first lead wire is hollow inside, which improves the current carrying efficiency of the conductor material in the second conductor part and / or the first lead wire in the lightning protection system and reduces the amount of conductor material in the lightning protection system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of lightning protection systems for wind turbine blades, and in particular to a lightning protection system, a wind turbine blade, a wind power generation device, and a blade tip lightning arrester. Background Technology

[0002] Existing blade lightning protection systems mainly include blade tip lightning rods, blade body lightning rods, and down conductor systems. The blade tip lightning rods and one or more blade body lightning rods are connected to the grounding point at the blade root through the down conductor system.

[0003] Because lightning current is a time-varying current with an extremely high rate of change, existing lightning protection systems have design flaws. When a lightning protection system conducts lightning current during operation, it exhibits a severe skin effect, resulting in extremely low current density in the conductor's internal region, small current conduction, and high impedance, which poses a risk of high-temperature fire and low reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a lightning protection system for wind turbine blades, a wind turbine blade, a wind power generation device, and a blade tip lightning arrester. The lightning protection system can ensure the guidance of lightning current and effectively reduce the risk of fire when the skin effect occurs, with high reliability.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application propose a lightning protection system for blades. The lightning protection system includes: a blade tip lightning arrester, comprising a first conductor portion and a second conductor portion distributed along a first direction, the second conductor portion being connected to the first conductor portion, the blade tip lightning arrester being capable of connecting to the blade tip, and the first conductor portion being at least partially protruding from the blade tip; a first lead, one end of the first lead being electrically connected to the second conductor portion and the other end extending toward the blade root side; wherein at least one of the first conductor portion and the first lead is internally hollow.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the first conductor portion includes: a first component and a second component, the second component being connected between the first component and the second conductor portion, the first component being able to protrude from the blade tip, the first component having a first cavity, and the second component having a second cavity communicating with the first cavity.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, at least a portion of the second conductor is inserted into and electrically connected to the first lead; or, a third cavity is provided in the second conductor, the third cavity is in communication with the second cavity, and at least one end of the first lead extends into the third cavity and is electrically connected to the second conductor.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, at least one of the first cavity and the second cavity is provided with a first insulator; or, at least one of the first cavity and the second cavity is provided with a first support member, the first support member being connected to the first conductor portion.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the first component, the second component, and the second conductor portion are integrally formed, and / or the wall thickness of the first component, the second component, and the second conductor portion is 1-3 mm.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, a first through hole is provided in the first lead wire, which extends through the lead wire in its own extension direction, and a first support body is provided in the mating area between the first lead wire and the second conductor portion, and the first support body is inserted into the first through hole.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the lightning protection system further includes: a first lightning arrester base, the first lightning arrester base being provided with a first connecting portion in pairs, the first lightning arrester base being connected in series to a first lead through the paired first connecting portions, a first support being provided in the connection area between the first connecting portion and the first lead, the first support being inserted into a first through hole of the first lead, and the first lightning arrester base being configured to be connected to a first blade lightning arrester.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, a first lead wire is directed toward one side of the blade tip lightning arrester and is connected in series with a plurality of spaced-apart first lightning arrester bases along its own extension direction.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the lightning protection system further includes: a second lightning arrester base, the second lightning arrester base having a second connecting portion, the second lightning arrester base being configured to connect with a second blade lightning arrester; a second lead wire, the second lead wire having a second through hole extending through it along its own extension direction, the second connecting portion of the second lightning arrester base being electrically connected to a first lead wire through the second lead wire, a first support body being provided in the connection area between the second lead wire and the second connecting portion, the first support body being inserted into the second through hole.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, a plurality of second lightning rod bases are provided on the side of the first lead away from the blade tip lightning rod, and each second lightning rod base is electrically connected to the first lead through a second lead.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the wall thickness of the first lead and the second lead is 1-3 mm.

[0016] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a wind turbine blade, including a lightning protection system according to any embodiment of the first aspect of this application.

[0017] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a wind power generation device, including wind turbine blades from any embodiment of the fourth aspect of this application.

[0018] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a blade tip lightning arrester, including a first conductor portion and a second conductor portion. The first conductor portion includes a first component and a second component. The second component is connected between the first component and the second conductor portion. The first component is able to protrude from the blade tip and is positioned along a first direction and pointing from the second component to one side of the first component. The cross-sectional areas of the first component, the second component, and the second conductor portion decrease in a decreasing trend. At least one of the first component and the second component has a cavity inside.

[0019] According to embodiments of this application, a lightning protection system, a wind turbine blade, a wind power generation device, and a blade tip lightning arrester are disclosed. The lightning protection system is applied to the blade. The lightning protection system includes a blade tip lightning arrester and a first lead. The blade tip lightning arrester is connected to the tip of the blade. A first conductor portion of the blade tip lightning arrester is electrically connected to one end of the first lead through a second conductor portion. The other end of the first lead extends towards the blade root side, such that the lightning current received by the blade tip lightning arrester is conducted from the first conductor portion through the second conductor portion to the first lead, and then from the first lead to the grounding point on the blade root side. Because at least one of the first conductor and the first lead is hollow, the lightning current received by the blade tip lightning arrester is conducted from the second conductor to the first lead, with current only carried in the portion of the first conductor and / or the first lead other than the hollow part. This avoids the problem of low current-carrying efficiency of the blade tip lightning arrester and the first lead due to the skin effect during lightning current propagation, which prevents the lightning current from penetrating deep into the conductor. This improves the current-carrying efficiency of the conductor material in the second conductor and / or the first lead in the lightning protection system. Furthermore, the hollow design reduces impedance during lightning current conduction, preventing the conductor material from releasing excessive heat due to high impedance, which could damage the lightning protection system or cause a fire risk. This improves the reliability of the lightning protection system and reduces the amount of conductor material used in the second conductor and / or the first lead, thus lowering costs. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The features, advantages, and technical effects of exemplary embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a lightning protection system provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a lightning protection system provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0023] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0024] 100-Lightning Protection System;

[0025] 10-Blade tip lightning arrester; 11-First conductor section; 11a-First component; Q1-First cavity; 11b-Second component; Q2-Second cavity; 12-Second conductor section; Q3-Third cavity;

[0026] 20 - First lead wire; H1 - First through hole; Z1 - First support body;

[0027] 30 - First lightning arrester base; 31 - First connecting part;

[0028] 40 - Second lightning arrester base; 41 - Second connecting part;

[0029] 50 - Second lead;

[0030] X - First direction. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of this application will now be described in detail. Numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description to provide a comprehensive understanding of this application. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this application can be implemented without requiring some of these specific details. The following description of embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of this application by illustrating examples. In the accompanying drawings and the following description, at least some well-known structures and techniques are not shown to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the application; and, for clarity, the dimensions of some structures may be exaggerated. Furthermore, the features, structures, or characteristics described below can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0032] The directional terms used in the following description refer to the directions shown in the figures and are not intended to limit the specific structure of the molding die and molding method of this application. It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "multiple" means two or more, and the terms "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection. The terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] Existing blade lightning protection systems mainly include blade tip lightning rods, blade body lightning rods, and down conductor systems. The blade tip lightning rods and one or more blade body lightning rods are connected to the grounding point at the blade root through the down conductor system.

[0035] Because lightning current is a time-varying current with an extremely high rate of change, existing lightning protection systems have design flaws. When a lightning protection system conducts lightning current during operation, it exhibits a severe skin effect, resulting in extremely low current density in the conductor's internal region, small current conduction, and high impedance, which poses a risk of high-temperature fire and low reliability.

[0036] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a lightning protection system for wind turbine blades, a wind turbine blade, a wind power generation device, and a blade tip lightning arrester. The lightning protection system can ensure the guidance of lightning current and effectively reduce the risk of fire when the skin effect occurs, exhibiting high reliability.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a lightning protection system provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a lightning protection system provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0038] like Figure 1-2 As shown in the illustration, this application provides a lightning protection system 100 for a blade. The lightning protection system 100 includes a blade tip lightning arrester 10 and a first lead 20. The blade tip lightning arrester 10 includes a first conductor portion 11 and a second conductor portion 12 distributed along a first direction X. The second conductor portion 12 is connected to the first conductor portion 11. The blade tip lightning arrester 10 can be connected to the blade tip, and the first conductor portion 11 is at least partially protruding from the blade tip. One end of the first lead 20 is electrically connected to the second conductor portion 12, and the other end extends towards the blade root. At least one of the first conductor portion 11 and the first lead 20 is internally hollow.

[0039] According to the lightning protection system 100 proposed in the embodiments of this application, the lightning protection system 100 is applied to a blade. The lightning protection system 100 includes a blade tip lightning arrester 10 and a first lead 20. The blade tip lightning arrester 10 is connected to the blade tip. The first conductor portion 11 of the blade tip lightning arrester 10 is electrically connected to one end of the first lead 20 through a second conductor portion 12. The other end of the first lead 20 extends towards the blade root side, so that the lightning current received by the blade tip lightning arrester 10 is conducted from the first conductor portion 11 through the second conductor portion 12 to the first lead 20, and then conducted from the first lead 20 to the grounding point on the blade root side. Because at least one of the first conductor section 11 and the first lead 20 is hollow, during the transmission of lightning current received by the blade tip lightning arrester 10 from the second conductor section 12 to the first lead 20, the current is conducted only in the conductor portion of the first conductor section 11 and / or the first lead 20 excluding the hollow portion. This avoids the problem of low current-carrying efficiency of the blade tip lightning arrester 10 and the first lead 20 due to the skin effect during conductor propagation, which prevents the lightning current from penetrating deep into the conductor. This improves the current-carrying efficiency of the conductor material in the second conductor section 12 and / or the first lead 20 in the lightning protection system 100. Furthermore, the hollow design reduces impedance during lightning current transmission, preventing the conductor material from releasing a large amount of heat due to high impedance, which could damage the lightning protection system 100 or cause a fire risk, thus improving the reliability of the lightning protection system 100. At the same time, it reduces the amount of conductor material used in the second conductor section 12 and / or the first lead 20, reducing costs.

[0040] like Figure 1-2 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the first conductor portion 11 includes: a first component 11a and a second component 11b, the second component 11b being connected between the first component 11a and the second conductor portion 12, the first component 11a being able to protrude from the blade tip, the first component 11a having a first cavity Q1, and the second component 11b having a second cavity Q2 communicating with the first cavity Q1.

[0041] According to the lightning protection system 100 of this application embodiment, the first component 11a of the first conductor section 11 has a first cavity Q1, and the second conductor section 12 of the first conductor section 11 has a second cavity Q2. The first cavity Q1 and the second cavity Q2 are connected, so that when the first component 11a and the second component 11b of the first conductor section 11 conduct lightning current, the problem of low current carrying efficiency caused by the skin effect can be avoided. At the same time, the first component 11a and the second component 11b reduce the use of conductor materials, reduce costs, and reduce the self-weight of the blade tip lightning arrester 10, thereby reducing the load on the blade.

[0042] Optionally, either the first conductor portion 11 or the second conductor portion 12 may have a cavity, which can reduce the use of conductor material, increase the current carrying capacity, and reduce the load on the blade.

[0043] like Figure 1-2 As shown, in some optional embodiments, along the first direction X and from the side of the second component 11b pointing towards the first component 11a, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first component 11a, the second component 11b, and the second conductor portion 12 tends to decrease.

[0044] According to the lightning protection system 100 of this application embodiment, since the first component 11a protrudes from the blade tip, in order to enable the first component 11a to better fit and connect with the blade tip and to take into account the influence of factors such as wind force on the first component 11a, the horizontal interface of the first component 11a in the first direction X and the side from the second component 11b to the first component 11a tends to decrease, thereby improving the fit between the first component 11a and the blade, while reducing the wind resistance received by the second component 11b, and improving the installation stability and reliability of the second component 11b.

[0045] The second component 11b is disposed inside the blade tip. To accommodate the structural feature of the blade tip's cross-section decreasing in size along the direction away from the blade root, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first component 11a decreases along the first direction X, from the side where the second component 11b points towards the first component 11a. This allows the second component 11b to have a larger contact area with the blade tip, resulting in a more stable fit between the second component 11b and the blade tip. Since the first component 11a is connected to the second conductor portion 12 through the second component 11b, the improved stability of the fit between the second component 11b and the blade tip also improves the stability of the first component 11a installed at the blade tip, thereby enhancing the structural stability of the lightning protection system 100 and its installation on the blade.

[0046] like Figure 1-2 As shown, in some optional embodiments, at least a portion of the second conductor portion 12 is inserted into and electrically connected to the first lead 20; or, a third cavity Q3 is provided in the second conductor portion 12, the third cavity Q3 is connected to the second cavity Q2, and at least a portion of one end of the first lead 20 extends into the third cavity Q3 and is electrically connected to the second conductor portion 12.

[0047] According to the lightning protection system 100 of this application embodiment, the second conductor portion 12 can be solid or hollow. At least a portion of the second conductor portion 12 can be inserted into the interior of the first lead 20 and electrically connected to the first lead 20. Alternatively, the second conductor portion 12 is provided with a third cavity Q3, which is connected to the second cavity Q2 of the second component 11b in the first conductor portion 11. This allows the first cavity Q1 of the first component 11a, the second cavity Q2 of the second component 11b, and the third cavity Q3 of the second conductor portion 12 to be sequentially connected, further improving the current-carrying efficiency of the blade tip lightning arrester 10 in conducting lightning current and further reducing the amount of conductor material used in the blade tip lightning arrester 10. At the same time, at least a portion of the first lead 20 extends into the third cavity Q3 of the second conductor portion 12 for connection, making the connection between the first lead and the second conductor portion 12 simpler and more convenient, facilitating installation and disassembly.

[0048] like Figure 1-2 As shown, in some optional embodiments, at least one of the first cavity Q1 and the second cavity Q2 is provided with a first insulator; or, at least one of the first cavity Q1 and the second cavity Q2 is provided with a first support member, which is connected to the first conductor portion 11.

[0049] According to the lightning protection system 100 of the present application embodiment, in order to ensure the mechanical strength of the blade tip lightning arrester 10, a first insulator is provided in at least one of the first cavity Q1 of the first component 11a and the second cavity Q2 of the second component 11b, or a first support member is provided inside at least one of the first cavity Q1 of the first component 11a and the second cavity Q2 of the second component 11b, so as to support the hollow structure of the first conductor portion 11, enhance the strength of the first conductor portion 11, and make the deformation of the first cavity Q1 or the second cavity Q2 affect the conduction of lightning current, thereby avoiding a reduction in the current carrying efficiency of the first conductor portion 11.

[0050] It is understood that the first support member can be multiple metal reinforcing ribs, which are disposed in at least one of the first cavity Q1 and the second cavity Q2 to support the first cavity Q1 and / or the second cavity Q2, prevent the first cavity Q1 and / or the second cavity Q2 from collapsing, and thereby enhance the mechanical strength of the first conductor portion 11.

[0051] like Figure 1-2 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the first component 11a, the second component 11b, and the second conductor portion 12 are integrally formed, and / or the wall thickness of the first component 11a, the second component 11b, and the second conductor portion 12 is 1-3 mm.

[0052] According to the lightning protection system 100 of this application embodiment, the first component 11a, the second component 11b, and the second component 11b are integrally formed, which facilitates the control of the wall thickness of each part of the blade tip lightning arrester 10 and the manufacturing of the blade tip lightning arrester 10. At the same time, it reduces the assembly steps of the blade tip lightning arrester 10 and also makes the conduction efficiency of lightning current in the conductor of the blade tip lightning arrester 10 higher.

[0053] Due to the skin effect of lightning current during conduction in a conductor, the current-carrying efficiency of lightning current is higher when the surface thickness of the conductor material is 1-3 mm. Therefore, the wall thickness of the first component 11a, the second component 11b, and the second conductor part 12 is set to 1-3 mm to improve the current-carrying efficiency of the blade tip lightning arrester 10 during the reconduction of lightning current.

[0054] like Figure 1-2 As shown, in some optional embodiments, a first through hole H1 is provided in the first lead 20, which extends through the lead 20 along its own extension direction, and a first support Z1 is provided in the mating area between the first lead 20 and the second conductor portion 12, and the first support Z1 is inserted into the first through hole H1.

[0055] According to the lightning protection system 100 of this application embodiment, when the first conductor portion 11 of the blade tip lightning arrester 10 receives a lightning current and conducts it through the second conductor portion 12 to the first lead 20, it is then conducted through the first lead 20 to a grounding point located at the blade root. Since the lightning current also exhibits a skin effect when propagating through a solid lead, if the conductor thickness of the lead exceeds the skin depth, the current density in the center of the lead conductor will be low during lightning current conduction, resulting in a small current flow and consequently, a higher resistance than the lead when conducting a constant current. Therefore, the first lead 20 is provided with a first through hole H1 extending along its own extension direction. The conductor of the first lead 20 is spatially arranged around the first through hole H1, so that the lightning current is conducted through the conductor around the first through hole H1. This removes the conductor inside the first lead 20 that does not play its due role, reduces the waste of conductor material, improves the current carrying efficiency of the first lead 20, and avoids the release of a large amount of heat during the conduction of lightning current due to the high impedance of the first lead 20. This avoids damage to the function of the lightning protection system 100 and the possibility of fire.

[0056] A first support body Z1 is provided in the mating area between the first lead 20 and the second conductor. The first support body Z1 is inserted into the through hole of the first lead 20 and supports the first through hole H1 to prevent the first through hole H1 from being flattened due to external pressure.

[0057] like Figure 1-2As shown, in some optional embodiments, the lightning protection system 100 further includes: a first lightning arrester base 30, the first lightning arrester base 30 having a pair of first connecting portions 31, the first lightning arrester base 30 being connected in series to a first lead 20 through the pair of first connecting portions 31, a first support body Z1 being provided in the connection area between the first connecting portion 31 and the first lead 20, the first support body Z1 being inserted into the first through hole H1 of the first lead 20, and the first lightning arrester base 30 being configured to be connected to a first blade lightning arrester.

[0058] According to the lightning protection system 100 of the present application embodiment, the first lightning arrester base 30 of the lightning protection system 100 is connected in series to the first lead 20 through a pair of first connecting parts 31. The first blade lightning arrester connected to the first lightning arrester base increases the receiving point of the lightning current of the lightning protection system 100, thereby improving the working effectiveness and stability of the lightning protection system 100.

[0059] Because a first support Z1 is provided in the connection area between the first connecting part 31 and the first lead 20, and the first support Z1 is inserted into the first through hole H1 of the first lead 20, the first connecting part 31 and the first lead 20 will not collapse due to the first through hole H1 of the first lead 20 during connection. When the lightning current received by the blade tip lightning arrester 10 is conducted to the first lead 20 through the first conductor part 11 and the second conductor part 12, the first lead 20 then conducts the lightning current through the first blade lightning arrester base to the grounding point set at the blade root, thus conducting the lightning current to the ground. When the first blade lightning arrester connected to the first lightning arrester base 30 receives lightning current, the lightning current is conducted to the first lead 20 through the first lightning arrester base 30 connected in series with the first lead 20, and then conducted from the first lead 20 to the grounding point set at the blade root, thus conducting the lightning current to the ground.

[0060] In some alternative embodiments, there may be multiple first lightning arrester bases 10 arranged in series with each other. Each first lightning arrester base 10 is equipped with a first lightning arrester, which is configured to receive lightning current, thereby increasing the number of receiving points on the blades that can receive lightning current and improving the operational effectiveness of the lightning protection system 100.

[0061] like Figure 1-2 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the first lead 20 faces one side of the blade tip lightning arrester 10 and is connected in series with a plurality of spaced first lightning arrester bases 30 along its own extension direction.

[0062] According to the lightning protection system 100 of this application embodiment, since the probability of receiving lightning current at the blade tip is higher than that at the blade root, multiple spaced-apart first lightning rod bases 30 are connected in series along the first lead 20 on the side facing the blade tip lightning rod 10 and extending along its own extension direction. Each first lightning rod base 30 is connected to a first blade body lightning rod, thus increasing the number of lightning current receiving points at the blade tip. When the blade tip lightning rod 10 or any of the first blade body lightning rods receives lightning current, the lightning current can be conducted through the first lead 20 to the grounding point set at the blade root and guided to the ground, improving the working effectiveness and stability of the lightning protection system 100.

[0063] like Figure 1-2 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the lightning protection system 100 further includes: a second lightning arrester base 40, the second lightning arrester base 40 being provided with a second connecting portion 41, the second lightning arrester base 40 being configured to connect with a second blade lightning arrester; a second lead wire 50, the second lead wire 50 being provided with a second through hole extending along its own extension direction, the second connecting portion 41 of the second lightning arrester base 40 being electrically connected to the first lead wire 20 through the second lead wire 50, and a first support body Z1 being provided in the connection area between the second lead wire 50 and the second connecting portion 41, the first support body Z1 being inserted into the second through hole.

[0064] According to the lightning protection system 100 of this application embodiment, the second lightning arrester base 40 is electrically connected to the second lead 50 via the second connecting part 41, and then the second lead 50 is connected to the first lead 20. When the second blade lightning arrester connected to the second lightning arrester base 40 receives a lightning current, the second blade lightning arrester conducts the lightning current from the second connecting part 41 of the second lightning arrester base 40 to the second lead 50, then from the second lead 50 to the first lead 20, and then from the first lead 20 to the grounding point set at the blade root, finally conducting the lightning current to the ground. The second connecting line allows the second lightning arrester base 40 to be set away from the first lead 20, increasing the number of receiving points for lightning current in the area of ​​the blade away from the first lead 20, further improving the effectiveness and stability of the lightning protection system 100.

[0065] Because the second lead 50 has a second through hole extending along its own extension direction, the conductor inside the second lead 50 that does not play its due role is removed, reducing the waste of conductor material, improving the current carrying efficiency of the second lead 50, avoiding the low current carrying efficiency caused by the skin effect during the conduction of lightning current, and avoiding the release of a large amount of heat during the conduction of lightning current by the high impedance of the second lead 50, thereby avoiding damage to the function of the lightning protection system 100 and the possibility of fire.

[0066] like Figure 1-2As shown, in some optional embodiments, a plurality of second lightning rod bases 40 are provided on the side of the first lead 20 away from the blade tip lightning rod 10, and each second lightning rod base 40 is electrically connected to the first lead 20 through a second lead 50.

[0067] According to the lightning protection system 100 of this application embodiment, since the blades gradually widen along the direction from the blade tip to the blade root, a plurality of second lightning rod bases 40 are provided on the side of the first lead 20 away from the blade tip lightning rod 10. Each second lightning rod base is electrically connected to the first lead 20 through a second lead 50, and each second lightning rod base 40 is connected to a second blade lightning rod. This increases the number of lightning current receiving points near the blade root. When any second blade lightning rod receives a lightning current, it conducts the lightning current through the second lightning rod base 40 to the second lead 50, then from the second lead 50 to the first lead 20, and finally to the grounding point at the blade root and the earth.

[0068] It is understood that multiple second lightning arrester bases 40 can be set on one side of the first lead 20 along its own direction, or they can be set on both sides of the first lead 20 along its own direction; there is no restriction here.

[0069] like Figure 1-2 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the wall thickness of the first lead 20 and the second lead 50 is 1-3 mm.

[0070] According to the lightning protection system 100 of this application embodiment, since the resistivity and permeability of each conductor are different, the spectrum of the lightning signal is also different, resulting in different skin depths of the lightning current when conducted through different conductor materials, such as 1.0-1.5 mm for copper, 1.0-2.0 mm for aluminum alloy, and 2.0-3.0 mm for austenitic stainless steel. Therefore, setting the cross-sectional area of ​​the conductor material to be less than 70 square millimeters and the surface thickness to 1-3 mm can ensure higher current carrying efficiency. Therefore, the wall thickness of the first lead 20 and the second lead 50 is set to 1-3 mm to improve the current carrying efficiency and mechanical properties of the first lead 20 and the second lead 50 during the conduction of lightning current.

[0071] It should be noted that the wall thickness of the first lead 20 and the second lead 50 refers to the wall thickness of the conductor material of the first lead 20 and the second lead 50.

[0072] This application also provides a wind turbine blade, including a lightning protection system 100 according to any embodiment of the first aspect of this application.

[0073] The wind turbine blades provided in this application have all the beneficial effects of the lightning protection system 100 provided in the above embodiments of this application. For details, please refer to the specific descriptions of the lightning protection system 100 in the above embodiments. This embodiment will not repeat them here.

[0074] This application also provides a wind power generation device, including wind turbine blades according to any embodiment of the fourth aspect of this application.

[0075] The wind power generation device provided in this application has all the beneficial effects of the wind turbine blades provided in the above embodiments of this application. For details, please refer to the specific descriptions of the wind turbine blades in the above embodiments. This embodiment will not repeat them here.

[0076] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this application embodiment also provides a blade tip lightning arrester 10, including a first conductor portion 11 and a second conductor portion 12. The first conductor portion 11 includes a first component 11a and a second component 11b. The second component 11b is connected between the first component 11a and the second conductor portion 12. The first component 11a is able to protrude from the blade tip and is positioned along a first direction X, pointing from the second component 11b to one side of the first component 11a. The cross-sectional areas of the first component 11a, the second component 11b, and the second conductor portion 12 decrease in a decreasing trend. At least one of the first component 11a and the second component 11b has a cavity inside.

[0077] According to the blade tip lightning arrester 10 of this application embodiment, the first component 11a of the first conductor portion 11 protrudes from the blade tip, enabling the first conductor portion 11 to receive lightning current. After receiving the lightning current, the first component 11a conducts the lightning current through the second component 11b to the second conductor portion 12, and then the second conductor portion 12 conducts it through a lead to the grounding point, and finally conducts the lightning current to the ground. Since at least one of the second component 11b and the first component 11a has a cavity inside, the first conductor portion 11 can avoid the problem of low current carrying efficiency caused by the skin effect. In addition, the hollow design can reduce the impedance during the lightning current conduction process, avoiding damage to the blade tip lightning arrester 10 and the risk of fire caused by the conductor material releasing a large amount of heat due to high impedance. This improves the reliability of the blade tip lightning arrester 10, reduces the use of conductor material, reduces costs, and reduces the weight of the blade tip lightning arrester 10, thus reducing the load on the blade.

[0078] Since the first component 11a protrudes from the blade tip, in order to enable the first component 11a to better fit and connect with the blade tip and to take into account the influence of factors such as wind force on the first component 11a, the transverse interface of the first component 11a in the first direction X and from the side of the second component 11b pointing to the first component 11a tends to decrease. This improves the fit between the first component 11a and the blade, while reducing the wind resistance experienced by the second component 11b, thereby improving the installation stability and reliability of the second component 11b.

[0079] The second component 11b is disposed inside the blade tip. To accommodate the structural feature of the blade tip's cross-section decreasing in size along the direction away from the blade root, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first component 11a decreases along the first direction X, from the side where the second component 11b points towards the first component 11a. This allows the second component 11b to have a larger contact area with the blade tip, resulting in a more stable fit between the second component 11b and the blade tip. Since the first component 11a is connected to the second conductor portion 12 through the second component 11b, the improved stability of the fit between the second component 11b and the blade tip also improves the stability of the first component 11a installed at the blade tip, thereby enhancing the structural stability of the lightning protection system 100 and its installation on the blade.

[0080] Although this application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications can be made thereto and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of this application. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any manner, provided there is no structural conflict. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A lightning protection system for blades, characterized in that, The lightning protection system includes: A blade tip lightning arrester includes a first conductor portion and a second conductor portion distributed along a first direction, the second conductor portion being connected to the first conductor portion, the blade tip lightning arrester being able to connect to the blade tip, and the first conductor portion being at least partially protruding from the blade tip, the first conductor portion including: a first component and a second component, the second component being connected between the first component and the second conductor portion, the first component being able to protrude from the blade tip, the first component having a first cavity, and the second component having a second cavity communicating with the first cavity; The first lead wire has one end electrically connected to the second conductor portion and the other end extending toward the leaf root side of the blade. The first conductor portion and the first lead are both hollow inside, and a first insulator is provided inside at least one of the first cavity and the second cavity; or, a first support member is provided inside at least one of the first cavity and the second cavity, the first support member is connected to the first conductor portion, and a first support body is provided in the mating area between the first lead and the second conductor portion.

2. The lightning protection system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, At least a portion of the second conductor is inserted into the first lead and electrically connected to the first lead; Alternatively, a third cavity is provided inside the second conductor portion, the third cavity being in communication with the second cavity, and one end of the first lead wire at least partially extending into the third cavity and electrically connected to the second conductor portion.

3. The lightning protection system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first component, the second component, and the second conductor portion are integrally formed, and / or the wall thickness of the first component, the second component, and the second conductor portion is 1-3 mm.

4. The lightning protection system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first lead wire has a first through hole extending along its own extension direction, and the first support body is inserted into the first through hole.

5. The lightning protection system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lightning protection system also includes: A first lightning receiver base, wherein a first connecting portion is provided in pairs, and the first lightning receiver base is connected in series to the first lead through the paired first connecting portions. A first support body is provided in the connection area between the first connecting portion and the first lead. The first support body is inserted into the first through hole of the first lead. The first lightning receiver base is configured to be connected to a first blade lightning receiver.

6. The lightning protection system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The number of the first lightning arrester bases is multiple and they are connected in series.

7. The lightning protection system according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that, The lightning protection system also includes: The second lightning receiver base is provided with a second connecting part and is configured to connect with the second blade lightning receiver. The second lead has a second through hole extending along its own extension direction. The second connection part of the second lightning arrester base is electrically connected to the first lead through the second lead. The connection area between the second lead and the second connection part is provided with the first support body, which is inserted into the second through hole.

8. The lightning protection system according to claim 7, characterized in that, On the side of the first lead away from the blade tip lightning arrester, a plurality of second lightning arrester bases are provided, and each second lightning arrester base is electrically connected to the first lead through a second lead.

9. The lightning protection system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The wall thickness of the first lead and the second lead is 1-3 mm.

10. A wind turbine blade, characterized in that, Including the lightning protection system as described in any one of claims 1-9.

11. A wind power generation device, characterized in that, Including the wind turbine blade as described in claim 10.

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