High-strength, high-conductivity, and wear-resistant copper alloys and their preparation methods

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-strength, high-conductivity, and wear-resistant copper alloy, comprising, by mass fraction: 2.8%-5.5% nano-grade W powder, 0.3%-1.3% MoS2 powder, 0.3%-1.2% Ti powder, with the balance being CuCrZr alloy powder and unavoidable impurities. The copper alloy prepared by this invention exhibits excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, good electrical and thermal conductivity, and good wear resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of non-ferrous metals technology, specifically to a high-strength, high-conductivity, and wear-resistant copper alloy and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Copper and copper alloys, due to their excellent strength and electrical and thermal conductivity, are widely used in industries such as power and machinery, including railway contact wires, lead frame materials, and conductors for high-strength magnetic fields. However, with technological advancements, increasingly higher performance requirements are being placed on copper and copper alloys, leading researchers to explore high-strength, high-conductivity copper alloys. Among these, CuCrZr-based high-strength, high-conductivity copper alloys are widely used due to their good strength and electrical and thermal conductivity at low temperatures. However, the low high-temperature mechanical properties and wear resistance of CuCrZr-based copper alloys significantly limit their service environments. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a high-strength, high-conductivity, and wear-resistant copper alloy and its preparation method. The prepared copper alloy has excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, good electrical and thermal conductivity, and good wear resistance.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a high-strength, high-conductivity, and wear-resistant copper alloy, comprising, by mass fraction: 2.8%-5.5% nano-grade W powder, 0.3%-1.3% MoS2 powder, 0.3%-1.2% Ti powder, with the balance being CuCrZr alloy powder and unavoidable impurities.

[0005] Furthermore, the particle size of the nano-sized W powder is 10nm-80nm.

[0006] Furthermore, the mass fraction of each element in the CuCrZr alloy powder is 0.5%-1.5% Cr, 0.05%-0.2% Zr, and the balance is Cu.

[0007] Furthermore, the mass fraction includes: 3.3%-4.8% W powder with a particle size of 30nm-60nm, 0.6%-1% MoS2 powder, 0.6%-0.9% Ti powder, and the balance being CuCrZr alloy powder and unavoidable impurities.

[0008] This invention also provides a method for preparing a high-strength, high-conductivity, and wear-resistant copper alloy, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Preparation of composite powder: Weigh W powder, MoS2 powder, Ti powder and CuCrZr alloy powder according to the ratio, and perform high-energy ball milling under argon atmosphere to obtain a uniformly mixed composite powder.

[0010] (2) Sintering: The prepared composite powder is loaded into the SPS furnace and sintered by SPS.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (1), the high-energy ball milling speed is 180 r / min-240 r / min, and the ball milling time is 3 h-5 h.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (2), the sintering temperature is 800℃-900℃, the heating rate is 80℃ / min-100℃ / min, and the holding time is 5min-13min; the initial pressure is less than 9MPa, and the holding pressure is greater than 50MPa.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0014] This invention, through rationally optimized composition design, prepares a copper alloy with excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, good electrical and thermal conductivity, and good wear resistance, showing broad application prospects. Compared to traditional CuCrZr high-strength, high-conductivity copper alloys, the copper alloy prepared in this application exhibits approximately 14% higher high-temperature tensile strength, about 18.6% higher thermal conductivity, and also improved electrical conductivity, along with significantly enhanced wear resistance, making it suitable for a wider range of service environments. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Example 1

[0017] This embodiment provides a high-strength, high-conductivity, and wear-resistant copper alloy, comprising, by mass fraction: 2.8% nano-sized W powder, 0.3% MoS2 powder, 0.3% Ti powder, with the balance being CuCrZr alloy powder and unavoidable impurities; the nano-sized W powder has a particle size of 10nm-80nm. The CuCrZr alloy powder contains 0.5%-1.5% Cr, 0.05%-0.2% Zr, and the balance being Cu.

[0018] Example 2

[0019] This embodiment provides a high-strength, high-conductivity, and wear-resistant copper alloy. Compared with Embodiment 1, only the mass fractions of nano-sized W powder, MoS2 powder, and Ti powder are changed. The specific formula is: 3.3% nano-sized W powder, 0.6% MoS2 powder, 0.6% Ti powder, with the balance being CuCrZr alloy powder and unavoidable impurities.

[0020] Example 3

[0021] This embodiment provides a high-strength, high-conductivity, and wear-resistant copper alloy. Compared with Embodiment 1, only the mass fractions of nano-sized W powder, MoS2 powder, and Ti powder are changed. The specific formula is: 4.8% nano-sized W powder, 1% MoS2 powder, 0.9% Ti powder, with the balance being CuCrZr alloy powder and unavoidable impurities.

[0022] Example 4

[0023] This embodiment provides a high-strength, high-conductivity, and wear-resistant copper alloy. Compared with Embodiment 1, only the mass fractions of nano-sized W powder, MoS2 powder, and Ti powder are changed. The specific formula is: 5.5% nano-sized W powder, 1.3% MoS2 powder, 1.2% Ti powder, with the balance being CuCrZr alloy powder and unavoidable impurities.

[0024] Example 5

[0025] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a high-strength, high-conductivity, and wear-resistant copper alloy, comprising the following steps:

[0026] (1) Preparation of composite powder: Weigh the W powder, MoS2 powder, Ti powder and CuCrZr alloy powder in Example 1 according to the ratio, and perform high-energy ball milling under argon atmosphere to obtain a uniformly mixed composite powder; the high-energy ball milling speed is 240 r / min and the ball milling time is 3 h.

[0027] (2) Sintering: The prepared composite powder was loaded into the SPS furnace and sintered by SPS. The sintering temperature was 900℃, the heating rate was 100℃ / min, the holding time was 5min; the initial pressure was 8MPa, and the holding pressure was 55MPa.

[0028] Example 6

[0029] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a high-strength, high-conductivity, and wear-resistant copper alloy, comprising the following steps:

[0030] (1) Preparation of composite powder: Weigh the W powder, MoS2 powder, Ti powder and CuCrZr alloy powder in Example 2 according to the ratio, and perform high-energy ball milling under argon atmosphere to obtain a uniformly mixed composite powder; the high-energy ball milling speed is 180 r / min and the ball milling time is 5 h.

[0031] (2) Sintering: The prepared composite powder was loaded into the SPS furnace and sintered by SPS. The sintering temperature was 800℃, the heating rate was 80℃ / min, the holding time was 8min; the initial pressure was 8MPa, and the holding pressure was 55MPa.

[0032] Example 7

[0033] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a high-strength, high-conductivity, and wear-resistant copper alloy, comprising the following steps:

[0034] (1) Preparation of composite powder: Weigh the W powder, MoS2 powder, Ti powder and CuCrZr alloy powder in Example 3 according to the ratio, and perform high-energy ball milling under argon atmosphere to obtain a uniformly mixed composite powder; the high-energy ball milling speed is 200 r / min and the ball milling time is 4 h.

[0035] (2) Sintering: The prepared composite powder was loaded into the SPS furnace and sintered by SPS. The sintering temperature was 850℃, the heating rate was 90℃ / min, the holding time was 10min; the initial pressure was 8MPa, and the holding pressure was 55MPa.

[0036] Example 8

[0037] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a high-strength, high-conductivity, and wear-resistant copper alloy, comprising the following steps:

[0038] (1) Preparation of composite powder: Weigh the W powder, MoS2 powder, Ti powder and CuCrZr alloy powder in Example 4 according to the ratio, and perform high-energy ball milling under argon atmosphere to obtain a uniformly mixed composite powder; the high-energy ball milling speed is 220 r / min and the ball milling time is 4 h.

[0039] (2) Sintering: The prepared composite powder was loaded into the SPS furnace and sintered by SPS. The sintering temperature was 850℃, the heating rate was 90℃ / min, the holding time was 13min; the initial pressure was 8MPa, and the holding pressure was 55MPa.

[0040] Comparative Example 1

[0041] Copper alloy bulk material was prepared by using CuCrZr alloy powder instead of composite powder and employing the same SPS process as in Example 7.

[0042] The copper alloy blocks prepared in Examples 5-8 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to tensile tests at room temperature and 600°C. The tensile strength and elongation of each sample were measured, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0043] Table 1. Statistics on Tensile Strength

[0044] Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Comparative Example 1 room temperature 706MPa 712MPa 716MPa 710MPa 620MPa 600℃ 413MPa 416MPa 418MPa 415MPa 364MPa

[0045] Table 2. Elongation Rate Statistics

[0046] Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Comparative Example 1 room temperature 16％ 17％ 18％ 17％ 20％ 600℃ 23％ 22％ 24％ 23％ 25％

[0047] The thermal conductivity of each sample at different temperatures was measured using a laser thermal conductivity meter. The measurement results are shown in Table 3.

[0048] Table 3 Thermal conductivity statistics

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] The conductivity of each sample at different temperatures was measured using a conductivity meter. The measurement results are shown in Table 4.

[0052] Table 4 Conductivity Statistics

[0053] Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Comparative Example 1 room temperature 86.4% IACS 86.6% IACS 86.7% IACS 86.5% IACS 82% IACS 600℃ 86.9% IACS 87.1% IACS 87.3% IACS 87% IACS 82.6% IACS

[0054] The friction coefficients of various samples at different temperatures were measured using a friction and wear testing machine. The measurement results are shown in Table 5.

[0055] Table 5. Statistical Table of Friction Coefficient

[0056] Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Comparative Example 1 room temperature 0.21 0.19 0.2 0.23 0.45 600℃ 0.27 0.25 0.29 0.3 0.53

[0057] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A high-strength, high-conductivity, wear-resistant copper alloy characterized by: The mass fraction ratio comprises: 2.8%-5.5% of nano W powder, 0.3%-1.3% of MoS2 powder, 0.3%-1.2% of Ti powder, and the balance of CuCrZr alloy powder and inevitable impurities; the mass fraction of each element in the CuCrZr alloy powder is 0.5%-1.5% of Cr, 0.05%-0.2% of Zr, and the balance of Cu; The preparation method of the high-strength high-conductivity wear-resistant copper alloy comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a composite powder: according to the ratio, W powder, MoS2 powder, Ti powder and CuCrZr alloy powder are weighed and high-energy ball milled in an argon atmosphere to obtain a uniformly mixed composite powder; (2) sintering: the prepared composite powder is loaded into an SPS furnace chamber for SPS sintering.

2. The high-strength, high-conductivity, wear-resistant copper alloy of claim 1, wherein: The particle size of the nano W powder is 10-80 nm.

3. The high-strength, high-conductivity, wear-resistant copper alloy of claim 2, wherein: The mass fraction ratio comprises: 3.3%-4.8% of W powder with a particle size of 30-60 nm, 0.6%-1% of MoS2 powder, 0.6%-0.9% of Ti powder, and the balance of CuCrZr alloy powder and inevitable impurities.

4. A preparation method of a high-strength high-conductivity wear-resistant copper alloy, characterized in that: (1) preparing a composite powder: according to the ratio of the high-strength high-conductivity wear-resistant copper alloy in any one of claims 1-3, W powder, MoS2 powder, Ti powder and CuCrZr alloy powder are weighed and high-energy ball milled in an argon atmosphere to obtain a uniformly mixed composite powder; the rotation speed of high-energy ball milling is 180-240 r / min, and the ball milling time is 3-5 h; (2) sintering: the prepared composite powder is loaded into an SPS furnace chamber for SPS sintering.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the high-strength, high-conductivity, wear-resistant copper alloy is prepared by the steps of: In the step (2) sintering, the sintering temperature is 800-900℃, the heating rate is 80-100℃ / min, the holding time is 5-13 min; the initial pressure is less than 9 MPa, and the holding pressure is greater than 50 MPa. ​

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