Disc or sleeve workpiece self-centering fixture

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of fixing tool, and discloses a self-centering fixing device for disc or sleeve workpieces, which comprises a mounting part, a sliding part connected to the mounting part in a sliding manner, and a pressing part connected to the sliding part in a sliding manner, wherein the sliding direction of the pressing part is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding part relative to the mounting part; a driving part is connected to the pressing part for driving the pressing part to slide, and a positioning part for positioning the inner wall of the workpiece is connected to the pressing part, and the number of the positioning part is at least three; and a control member is arranged on the mounting part for controlling the positioning part to be positioned in contact with the workpiece before the pressing part. The present application solves the problem that the workpieces with similar structures such as disc parts and sleeve parts cannot be stably and accurately fixed in the prior art.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of Chinese Patent Application No. 2022101674148, "A self-centering fixing device", filed on February 23, 2022. Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of tooling technology, specifically to a self-centering fixing device for disc-shaped or sleeve-shaped workpieces. Background Technology

[0003] For example Figure 1 In the machining of disc-shaped parts, sleeve-shaped parts, and similar workpieces, the overall cylindrical or disc-shaped shape makes it difficult to find suitable fixing points, hindering quick and precise workpiece fixation and affecting machining efficiency and accuracy. This is especially true when using the inner wall of the workpiece as a positioning reference. Currently, existing structures similar to three-jaw chucks are used to support the workpiece against its inner wall, then the workpiece is fixed by radially pressing it outwards. This method has the following drawbacks: 1. The workpiece is subjected to radial force, which can easily cause radial deformation, affecting workpiece quality; 2. The inner wall of such workpieces generally has high precision requirements, and existing fixing methods can easily damage the inner wall. Furthermore, the workpiece is prone to loosening during machining, further affecting machining accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary to design a dedicated fixing device to quickly and accurately fix disc-shaped parts, sleeve-shaped parts, and similar workpieces, improving machining quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a self-centering and fixing device for disc-shaped or sleeve-shaped workpieces, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that it is impossible to stably and accurately fix workpieces with similar structures such as disc-shaped parts and sleeve-shaped parts.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a self-centering and fixing device for disc-shaped or sleeve-shaped workpieces, including a mounting part, a sliding part slidably connected to the mounting part, a pressing part slidably connected to the sliding part, and the sliding direction of the pressing part being perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding part relative to the mounting part; a driving part for driving the pressing part to slide is connected to the pressing part, and a positioning part for positioning the inner wall of the workpiece is connected to the pressing part, the number of positioning parts being at least three, and a control component for controlling the positioning part to contact and position with the workpiece before the pressing part.

[0006] The principle of this solution is as follows: When the pressing part is initially driven to slide relative to the sliding part by the driving unit, under the control of the control component, the positioning part on the pressing part will first contact the workpiece. Since there are at least three positioning parts, the centering is automatically achieved when at least three positioning parts contact and press against the inner wall of the workpiece, ensuring the correct radial position of the workpiece. Then, the pressing part is driven to slide along the mounting part by the driving unit. Since the positioning part has already contacted the workpiece and completed the positioning, the pressing part can no longer slide along the mounting part. Under the force of the driving unit and the control of the control component, the pressing part, together with the sliding part, slides relative to the mounting part, so that the pressing part approaches the mounting part and fixes the product between the pressing part and the mounting part, thereby achieving axial pressing and fixing of the workpiece.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this plan are as follows:

[0008] 1. Automatic centering and fixing of the workpiece: Compared to existing technologies where workpieces are fixed only radially, which can damage the inner wall of the workpiece and potentially cause radial deformation and damage, this application first uses a positioning part to automatically center the workpiece radially, and then uses a pressing part to fix the workpiece axially, enabling automatic and highly accurate fixing.

[0009] 2. No damage to the inner wall of the workpiece: In this application, since the positioning part only positions the workpiece radially, the positioning part will not apply a large force along the radial direction of the workpiece. Instead, the pressing part applies a fixed force in the axial direction of the workpiece, thereby avoiding damage to the inner wall of the workpiece by the positioning part. At the same time, it will not cause the workpiece to deform radially, ensuring the machining accuracy and surface quality of the workpiece.

[0010] Preferably, as an improvement, the control element includes a support spring disposed between the mounting portion and the sliding portion.

[0011] In this design, the control component is a support spring. When the pressing part is driven to slide relative to the sliding part by the driving unit, the sliding part will not slide relative to the mounting part under the elastic force of the support spring. At this time, under the driving force of the driving unit, the pressing part causes the positioning part to slide relative to the sliding part, thereby enabling the positioning part to quickly center the radial position of the workpiece. Then, when the driving unit continues to drive the pressing part to slide relative to the sliding part, since the positioning part has already contacted the inner wall of the workpiece, the force of the driving unit acts on the sliding part through the pressing part, causing the sliding part to slide relative to the mounting part and compress the support spring, so that the pressing part moves towards the mounting part to complete the pressing and fixing of the workpiece.

[0012] Preferably, as an improvement, the sliding part includes a slide block and a fixing plate fixedly connected to the slide block, the slide block being slidably engaged with the mounting part, and the pressing part being slidably connected to the fixing plate.

[0013] In this design, the pressing part is slidably connected to the fixed plate in a flat state, ensuring that the pressing part can slide stably and quickly as it approaches the mounting part, thereby enabling the pressing part to quickly press and fix the workpiece.

[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, the pressing part includes a pressing seat slidably connected to the fixed plate, and a pressing block is fixedly connected to the pressing seat facing the outside of the fixed plate, and a fixed gap for fixing the workpiece is formed between the pressing block and the mounting part.

[0015] In this design, when the pressing seat slides relative to the outside of the fixed plate, the pressing block can protrude beyond the outer edge of the fixed plate, allowing the pressing block to press and fix the workpiece located between the pressing block and the mounting part. After the workpiece is processed, the pressing block is pushed to move away from the mounting part, allowing the pressing block to slide back into the outer edge of the fixed plate, so that the workpiece can be easily removed from the mounting part, avoiding the pressing block from obstructing the workpiece.

[0016] Preferably, as an improvement, the positioning part includes a positioning protrusion fixedly connected to the pressing seat, the positioning protrusion being located between the pressing block and the mounting part.

[0017] In this solution, by utilizing the contact between the positioning protrusions and the inner wall of the workpiece, and with the limiting effect of at least three positioning protrusions, the workpiece can be accurately and quickly centered.

[0018] Preferably, as an improvement, the driving unit includes a driving member and a pull rod fixedly connected to the driving member, wherein the pull rod is coaxially arranged with the slide and the pull rod and the pressing seat are wedge-shapedly engaged.

[0019] In this design, the pull rod and the pressing seat are wedge-shaped. When the pull rod is pulled relative to the pressing seat by the driving component, in the initial state, under the force of the supporting spring, the pressing seat slides radially along the pull rod by relying on the wedge-shaped fit between the pull rod and the pressing seat, thereby pushing the pressing seat to slide relative to the fixed plate. When the positioning protrusion contacts the inner wall of the workpiece, the pull rod continues to apply force to the pressing seat, which can pull the pressing seat and slide it towards the mounting part to complete the pressing and fixing of the workpiece. The structure is simple.

[0020] Preferably, as an improvement, the number of support springs is multiple and the multiple support springs are evenly distributed along the circumference of the pull rod.

[0021] In this design, multiple support springs evenly distributed along the circumference of the pull rod are installed to make the force on the slide more uniform, thus enabling the slide to slide more smoothly.

[0022] Preferably, as an improvement, the mounting part includes a mounting plate and a cover plate fixedly connected to the mounting plate, wherein the end of the cover plate away from the mounting plate forms the fixed gap with the pressing block.

[0023] In this solution, a fixed gap is formed between the end face of the cover plate and the pressing block, which allows the cover plate to provide support for the workpiece over a larger area, thereby ensuring that the workpiece is stably fixed.

[0024] Preferably, as an improvement, a support plate is fixedly connected to the end of the cover plate away from the mounting plate, and a stepped step is provided on the outer wall of the slide block. The small diameter end of the stepped step slides in cooperation with the support plate, and the large diameter end of the stepped step is located between the support plate and the mounting plate.

[0025] In this solution, the support plate not only provides a stable support plane for the workpiece, but also limits the large diameter end of the slide, so that the large diameter end of the slide can only slide between the support plate and the mounting plate, ensuring that the slide slides within a certain space, making the entire fixing device operate more accurately.

[0026] Preferably, as an improvement, the driving component is a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder.

[0027] In this solution, a cylinder or hydraulic cylinder is used to pull the lever to move, which is convenient to install and simple to control. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view along AA.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the pressing seat and the pressing block in Embodiment 1 of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0032] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: mounting plate 1, cover plate 2, slide 3, fixing plate 4, support plate 5, pressing seat 6, pressing block 7, pull rod 8, hydraulic cylinder 9, positioning protrusion 10, support spring 11, and workpiece 12.

[0033] Example

[0034] This embodiment is basically as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1As shown: A self-centering and fixing device for disc-shaped or sleeve-shaped workpieces, including a mounting part, which consists of a horizontally arranged mounting plate 1 and a cover plate 2 fixedly connected to the top of the mounting plate 1 by screws. Figure 2 The cover plate 2 has a vertical sliding hole in the middle, and a sliding part is vertically slidably connected in the sliding hole. In this embodiment, the sliding part includes a slide seat 3 and a fixing plate 4 fixedly connected to the top of the slide seat 3 by screws. The slide seat 3 slides with the sliding hole on the cover plate 2. In order to prevent the slide seat 3 from sliding upward out of the sliding hole, a support plate 5 is integrally formed on the top of the cover plate 2, and a stepped step is provided on the outer wall of the slide seat 3. The small diameter end of the stepped step slides vertically with the support plate 5, and the large diameter end of the stepped step is located between the support plate 5 and the mounting plate 1, so that the large diameter end of the stepped step can only slide in the space between the support plate 5 and the mounting plate 1.

[0035] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 A pressing part is laterally slidably connected to the fixed plate 4, and a driving part for driving the pressing part to slide laterally is connected to the pressing part. In this embodiment, the pressing part includes a pressing seat 6 laterally slidably connected to the fixed plate 4. A pressing block 7 is integrally formed on the side wall of the pressing seat 6 facing the outside of the fixed plate 4. A fixing gap for fixing the workpiece 12 is formed between the pressing block 7 and the top surface of the support plate 5. The driving part includes a driving component and a pull rod 8 fixedly connected to the driving component. The driving component is a hydraulic cylinder 9 fixedly connected to the mounting plate 1 by screws. The pull rod 8 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder 9 by screws and is vertically arranged. A through hole is opened on the mounting plate 1. The top end of the pull rod 8 extends upward through the through hole and into the slide 3. Alternatively, a clearance groove is opened on the side wall of the pressing seat 6. The bottom of the pressing seat 6 is located in the clearance groove. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The wedge-shaped fit between the top of the pressing seat 6 and the top of the pull rod 8 allows the positioning seat to slide towards the outer edge of the fixing plate 4 when the pull rod 8 is pulled down by the hydraulic cylinder 9.

[0036] The pressing seat 6 is connected to a positioning part for positioning the inner wall of the workpiece 12. The number of positioning parts is at least three. In this embodiment, both the positioning seats and positioning parts are three in number and are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. The three positioning seats are evenly arranged along the circumference of the slide 3. The positioning part includes a positioning protrusion 10 integrally formed on the side wall of the positioning seat. The positioning protrusion 10 has a spherical structure. Figure 2 As shown, the mounting plate 1 is provided with a control component for controlling the positioning protrusion 10 to contact and position with the workpiece 12 before the pressing block 7. The control component includes multiple support springs 11 disposed between the mounting plate 1 and the slide block 3. The multiple support springs 11 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the pull rod 8. In order to facilitate the installation of the support springs 11, an installation groove is opened on the top surface of the support plate 5, and the bottom end of the support spring 11 is inserted into the installation groove.

[0037] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0038] When it is necessary to install and fix the workpiece 12, firstly, the pull rod 8 is in the upper limit position, and the pressing block 7 and the positioning protrusion 10 are both located within the circumference of the outer edge of the fixing plate 4. At this time, the workpiece 12 can be placed on the top surface of the support plate 5 from top to bottom, so that the pressing block 7 and the positioning protrusion 10 are both located in the inner hole of the workpiece 12; then, the hydraulic cylinder 9 drives the pull rod 8 to move towards the upper limit position. Figure 2 As the slide moves downward, the support spring 11 provides vertical support to the slide block 3, preventing it from sliding downward. Under the wedge-shaped action between the top of the pull rod 8 and the pressing seat 6, the pull rod 8 pushes the pressing seat 6 to slide outward toward the fixed plate 4. During the sliding of the pressing seat 6, the positioning protrusion 10 first contacts and abuts against the inner wall of the workpiece 12. Since there are three positioning protrusions 10, when all the positioning protrusions 10 contact the inner wall of the workpiece 12, the workpiece 12 can be automatically centered, thus positioning the workpiece 12 radially.

[0039] After the positioning protrusion 10 contacts and abuts against the inner wall of the workpiece 12, the hydraulic cylinder 9 continues to pull the pull rod 8 downward. At this time, due to the obstruction of the positioning protrusion 10 by the workpiece 12, the pressing seat 6 cannot continue to slide out of the fixed plate 4. Therefore, the force of the pull rod 8 on the pressing seat 6 is transmitted to the fixed plate 4 and the slide 3, causing the slide 3 to slide downward and compress the support spring 11. At this time, the pressing block 7 also slides downward, so that the pressing block 7 presses and fixes the workpiece 12 in the fixed gap between the pressing block 7 and the support plate 5, completing the axial pressing and fixing of the workpiece 12. Thus, the workpiece 12 is fixed in both the radial and axial directions, so that the workpiece 12 is precisely fixed. At this time, the workpiece 12 can be processed.

[0040] After the workpiece 12 is processed, the hydraulic cylinder 9 pushes the pull rod 8 to move upward. First, the pressing seat 6, pressing block 7 and slide 3 all move upward synchronously, and the support spring 11 gradually returns to its original position. When the slide 3 returns to its original position, it can no longer move upward. The pressing and fixing force of the pressing block 7 on the workpiece 12 in the axial direction disappears. Then, the pull rod 8 continues to move upward. Under the wedge surface cooperation between the pull rod 8 and the pressing seat 6, the pressing seat 6 slides into the fixed plate 4, so that the pressing block 7 and the positioning protrusion 10 slide into the outer edge of the fixed plate 4. At this time, the pressing block 7 and the positioning protrusion 10 will not obstruct the workpiece 12 in the vertical direction, so that the workpiece 12 can be easily taken out upward, thereby completing the processing of the workpiece 12.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] The difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, the driving component is a cylinder fixedly connected to the mounting plate 1 by screws, which drives the pull rod 8 to move up and down. The output force of the cylinder is smaller than that of the hydraulic cylinder 9, therefore it is suitable for fixing disc-shaped parts in this application, but when it is necessary to... Figure 2 When processing sleeve-type workpieces 12, a hydraulic cylinder 9 is needed to provide a large pressing and fixing force so that the workpiece 12 can be processed stably. However, for disc-type workpieces 12, the required fixing force is relatively small. Therefore, a cylinder with a simpler structure can be used to easily complete the automatic centering and fixing of the workpiece 12.

[0043] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A self-centering and fixing device for disc-shaped or sleeve-shaped workpieces, characterized in that: The device includes a mounting section, a sliding section slidably connected to the mounting section, and a pressing section slidably connected to the sliding section, with the sliding direction of the pressing section perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding section relative to the mounting section. The pressing section is connected to a driving section for sliding, and also to a positioning section for positioning the inner wall of the workpiece. Multiple positioning sections are evenly distributed along the circumference of a pull rod. The mounting section is equipped with a control component for controlling the positioning sections to contact and position with the workpiece before the pressing section. The workpiece is a disc or a sleeve. The driving section includes a driving component and a pull rod fixedly connected to the driving component. The driving component is either a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. When the workpiece is a disc, the driving component is a pneumatic cylinder; when the workpiece is a sleeve, the driving component is a hydraulic cylinder. The sliding part includes a slide base and a fixed plate fixedly connected to the slide base. The slide base is slidably engaged with the mounting part, and the pressing part is slidably connected to the fixed plate. The pressing part includes a pressing seat slidably connected to the fixed plate. A pressing block is fixedly connected to the pressing seat facing outward from the fixed plate. A fixed gap for fixing the workpiece is formed between the pressing block and the mounting part. The positioning part includes a positioning protrusion fixedly connected to the pressing seat. The positioning protrusion is located between the pressing block and the mounting part. The control component includes a support spring disposed between the mounting portion and the sliding portion; The pull rod and the slide are coaxially arranged, and the pull rod and the pressing seat are wedge-shaped.

2. The self-centering and fixing device for disc-shaped or sleeve-shaped workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of support springs is multiple, and the multiple support springs are evenly arranged along the circumference of the pull rod.

3. The self-centering and fixing device for disc-shaped or sleeve-shaped workpieces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mounting part includes a mounting plate and a cover plate fixedly connected to the mounting plate, with the end of the cover plate away from the mounting plate forming the fixed gap with the pressing block.

4. The self-centering and fixing device for disc-shaped or sleeve-shaped workpieces according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cover plate is fixedly connected to a support plate at the end away from the mounting plate. The outer wall of the slide is provided with a stepped step. The small diameter end of the stepped step is slidably engaged with the support plate, and the large diameter end of the stepped step is located between the support plate and the mounting plate.

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