Windshield, manufacturing method thereof, and vehicle

Abstract

The present application discloses a windshield, a manufacturing method thereof, and a vehicle. The windshield is mounted on a vehicle including an instrument panel, and includes an outer glass panel, an intermediate layer, and an inner glass panel. The windshield has a first weakened zone, and the first weakened zone is tested using an adult head-shaped impactor. The adult head-shaped impactor impacts the first weakened zone, causing the first weakened zone to fracture. After the first weakened zone fractures, the adult head-shaped impactor impacts the instrument panel. The adult head-shaped impactor exhibits a first head injury index (HIC1) within 0 to 5 milliseconds after impacting the first weakened zone, where 100 ≤ HIC1 ≤ 650. The adult head-shaped impactor exhibits a second head injury index (HIC2) within 5 to 15 milliseconds after impacting the first weakened zone, where HIC2 < 1000. This application can provide both pedestrian collision protection and vehicle occupant safety protection, and thus offers improved overall safety performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vehicle window glass, and specifically provides a windshield, a manufacturing method thereof, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Traditional automobile safety design mainly focuses on protecting the driver and passengers in the car, but with the advancement of automobile safety concepts and the development of automobile safety technology, countries such as China, the United States and Europe have proposed the concept of automobile pedestrian protection and formulated corresponding pedestrian protection standards and laws and regulations.

[0003] In the event of a head-on collision between a pedestrian and a car, the pedestrian is likely to hit the car's hood, with their head hitting the car's windshield. In this case, the pedestrian's lower limbs (calf, thigh) are the first to be injured, and then the head falls after the impact on the legs. The damage to the head may cause serious or even fatal injuries to the pedestrian. In particular, if the head penetrates the windshield and hits other objects such as the dashboard, the pedestrian's head may suffer more serious secondary injuries, as the dashboard is often equipped with airbags, heads-up display projectors, etc., and may contain a large amount of hard plastic and metal materials. The windshields in the prior art can only provide good protection for the driver and passengers in the car, but are difficult to protect pedestrians in collision with cars. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the defects of the existing technology, the present application provides a windshield, a manufacturing method thereof, and a vehicle. The windshield can reduce the primary damage caused by the windshield to the pedestrian's head when the pedestrian collides with the vehicle, and reduce the secondary damage caused by the dashboard to the pedestrian's head, and its overall safety performance is better.

[0005] The specific technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is: a windshield, installed on a vehicle including an instrument panel, the windshield comprising an outer glass panel, an intermediate layer, and an inner glass panel; the outer glass panel having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, the inner glass panel having a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to each other, the intermediate layer being connected between the second surface and the third surface; the windshield having a first weakened area, the first weakened area being tested using an adult headform impactor, the adult headform impactor impacting the first weakened area to cause the first weakened area to rupture, and the adult headform impactor impacting the instrument panel after the first weakened area ruptures; the adult headform impactor having a first head injury index HIC1 within 0 to 5 ms after impacting the first weakened area, where 100≤HIC1≤650;

[0006] The adult head impactor has a second head injury index HIC2 within 5 to 15 ms after impacting the first weakened area, and HIC2 is less than 1000.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the adult head form impactor has a first maximum synthetic acceleration a5 within 0 to 5 ms after impacting the first weakened area, and the adult head form impactor has a second maximum synthetic acceleration a15 within 5 to 15 ms after impacting the first weakened area, and a5 is greater than a15.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, a5 is less than or equal to 180 g, and a15 is less than or equal to 100 g.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the synthetic acceleration a of the adult headform impactor within the first 0 to 15 ms after impacting the first weakened area is continuously greater than 50 g for less than or equal to 3 ms.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, HIC2≤650, and HIC2 is smaller than HIC1.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, 200≤HIC1≤500, HIC2≤500.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the windshield further has a second weakened area, and the second weakened area is tested using an adult head-shaped impactor. The adult head-shaped impactor has a third head injury index HIC3 within 0 to 15 ms after impacting the second weakened area, and HIC3 is less than 1000.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, 100≤HIC3≤900.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, HIC3 is greater than HIC1, and 200≤HIC3≤800.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the windshield includes a transparent area and a shielding area surrounded by the transparent area, the visible light transmittance of the transparent area is greater than or equal to 70%, the visible light transmittance of the shielding area is less than or equal to 10%, and the first weakened area and the second weakened area are both located within the transparent area.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the shielding area includes a top shielding area, a left shielding area, a bottom shielding area and a right shielding area;

[0017] The distance between the lower boundary of the first weakened zone and the bottom shielding zone is x, the distance between the left boundary of the first weakened zone and the left shielding zone is m, the distance between the right boundary of the first weakened zone and the right shielding zone is n, and the distance between the upper boundary and the lower boundary of the first weakened zone is h, where x is less than or equal to 15 mm, m is less than or equal to 50 mm, n is less than or equal to 50 mm, and h is equal to 100 mm to 300 mm;

[0018] The distance between the upper boundary of the second weakened zone and the top shielding zone is y, the distance between the left boundary of the second weakened zone and the left shielding zone is equal to m, the distance between the right boundary of the second weakened zone and the right shielding zone is equal to n, and y is less than or equal to 100 mm.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, a transition weakened zone is set between the lower boundary of the second weakened zone and the upper boundary of the first weakened zone, and the area of ​​the transition weakened zone is smaller than the area of ​​the first weakened zone. The transition weakened zone is tested using an adult head-shaped impactor. The adult head-shaped impactor has a fourth head injury index HIC4 within 0 to 15 ms after impacting the transition weakened zone, and HIC4 is greater than HIC1, and HIC4 is less than HIC3.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the area of ​​the first weakened zone to the area of ​​the transparent zone is less than or equal to 1 / 3, the ratio of the area of ​​the second weakened zone to the area of ​​the transparent zone is less than or equal to 2 / 3, and the area of ​​the first weakened zone is smaller than the area of ​​the second weakened zone.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the time it takes for the adult headform impactor to impact the first weakened area and cause the first weakened area to rupture is less than or equal to 3 ms.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the bending strength of the third surface is greater than the bending strength of the second surface, and / or the bending strength of the fourth surface is greater than the bending strength of the second surface.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the intermediate layer located in the first weakened area is 0.38 mm to 0.6 mm.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the moisture content of the intermediate layer is 0.3%-0.4% or 0.6%-0.7%.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of tin oxide on the second surface is greater than the concentration of tin oxide on the first surface, and the concentration of tin oxide on the third surface is greater than the concentration of tin oxide on the fourth surface;

[0026] Alternatively, the concentration of tin oxide on the second surface is lower than that on the first surface, and the concentration of tin oxide on the third surface is lower than that on the fourth surface.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the thickness of the outer glass plate to the thickness of the inner glass plate is greater than or equal to 0.75 and less than 1.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, a weakening coating is further provided on at least one of the second surface, the third surface and the fourth surface, and the weakening coating at least covers the first weakened area.

[0029] The present application also provides a vehicle, comprising an instrument panel and any of the windshields described above, wherein the instrument panel is arranged at a lower position close to the windshield.

[0030] The present application further provides a method for manufacturing the windshield, comprising the following steps:

[0031] Step 1: providing a curved outer glass sheet and an inner glass sheet, wherein the outer glass sheet has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, and the inner glass sheet has a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to each other;

[0032] Step 2: Providing an intermediate layer, and stacking the outer glass sheet, the intermediate layer, and the inner glass sheet in sequence to form a laminated glass structure;

[0033] Step 3: heating, evacuating, and / or applying pressure to the laminated glass structure to obtain the windshield, wherein the windshield has the first weakened area.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the windshield has at least one weakening structure, which is located at least in the first weakening area, and is formed by at least one of the following weakening methods:

[0035] (1) introducing an internal defect between the first surface and the second surface using a laser weakening method;

[0036] (2) introducing an internal defect between the third surface and the fourth surface using a laser weakening method;

[0037] (3) forming microcracks on the second surface by a physical friction weakening method;

[0038] (4) A chemical etching weakening method is used to form fracture lines on the second surface.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the curved outer glass sheet and inner glass sheet are obtained by subjecting flat glass to a heating and softening step, a bending and forming step, and an annealing step, wherein the heating and softening step, the bending and forming step, and the annealing step meet at least one of the following conditions:

[0040] (1) The heating temperature of the heating and softening step is 660° C. to 750° C.;

[0041] (2) The heating and softening step uses a convection heating method to soften the flat glass;

[0042] (3) The heating and softening step uses a convection heating method and a radiation heating method to soften the flat glass;

[0043] (4) in the heating and softening step, the surface of the flat glass having a lower tin oxide concentration faces the heating element;

[0044] (5) In the heating and softening step, the heating and softening time of the outer glass plate is greater than the heating and softening time of the inner glass plate;

[0045] (6) In the bending step, the temperature of the bending mold for bending the flat glass is greater than or equal to 500° C.;

[0046] (7) During the annealing step, the blowing pressure of the outer glass sheet is lower than the blowing pressure of the inner glass sheet;

[0047] (8) In the annealing step, the annealing time of the outer glass sheet is greater than the annealing time of the inner glass sheet.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, before forming the laminated glass structure, the intermediate layer undergoes a humidity control treatment or a stretching treatment, and the moisture content of the intermediate layer after the humidity control treatment is 0.3%-0.4% or 0.6%-0.7%, and the thickness of the intermediate layer in the first weakened zone after the stretching treatment is 0.38 mm to 0.6 mm.

[0049] The technical solution of this application has the following significant beneficial effects:

[0050] The windshield provided by the present application can reduce the primary damage to the pedestrian's head caused by the windshield and the secondary damage to the pedestrian's head caused by the dashboard when the pedestrian collides with the vehicle by setting a first weakened area in the transparent area, thereby greatly reducing the total damage value to the pedestrian's head, making it possible to take into account both the collision protection of pedestrians and the safety protection of people in the vehicle, thereby improving the comprehensive safety performance of the windshield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. In addition, the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components in the drawings are merely illustrative and are used to help understand the present disclosure, and are not intended to specifically limit the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art, under the guidance of the present disclosure, can select various possible shapes and proportional dimensions to implement the present disclosure according to specific circumstances.

[0052] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided for this application;

[0053] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of a windshield provided in this application;

[0054] Figure 3 The impact curves of impact time and synthetic acceleration obtained by testing a conventional windshield according to standard GB24550;

[0055] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the front structure of a windshield provided in this application;

[0056] Figure 5 Impact curves of impact time and resultant acceleration obtained by testing the windshield provided in this application according to standard GB24550;

[0057] Figure 6 A schematic front view of the structure of a windshield provided with a transitional weakened zone provided in this application;

[0058] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a windshield provided with a weakened coating provided in this application.

[0059] Description of reference numerals:

[0060] 100, instrument panel; 200, windshield; 201, transparent area; 202, shielded area; 205, top shielded area; 206, left shielded area; 207, right shielded area; 208, bottom shielded area;

[0061] 1. Outer glass pane; 11. First surface; 12. Second surface; 2. Intermediate layer; 3. Inner glass pane; 31. Third surface; 32. Fourth surface; 4. Dark printed layer; 203. First weakened area; 204. Second weakened area; 300. Head-up display projector; 400. Passenger airbag; 5. Weakened coating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present application and are not used to limit the scope of the present application. After reading the present application, various equivalent modifications of the present application by those skilled in the art will fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to the present application.

[0063] like Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides a vehicle, which includes an instrument panel 100 and a windshield 200, and the instrument panel 100 is arranged at a lower position close to the windshield 200. The vehicle provided in the present application may be, but is not limited to, a sedan, a truck, a pickup truck, a commercial vehicle, a bus, and an off-road vehicle, and the present application does not impose any restrictions on this. The windshield 200 is arranged at an angle to the instrument panel 100, and the angle is substantially equal to the loading angle of the windshield 200. The loading angle of the windshield 200 is the angle between the windshield 200 and the horizontal plane when the windshield 200 is in the loaded state, indicating the degree of inclination of the windshield 200, and the loading angle is generally 18° to 45°, for example, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, etc.

[0064] In some embodiments, a head-up display projector 300 is installed in the instrument panel 100. The head-up display projector 300 can project the required information onto the windshield 200. The light projected by the head-up display projector 300 is reflected or diffracted by the windshield 200 and enters the driver's eyes, allowing the driver to view the required driving information, road conditions, and even entertainment information without lowering their head. In other embodiments, a passenger airbag 400 is installed in the instrument panel 100. The passenger airbag 400 can be deployed from the instrument panel 100 in the event of a vehicle collision, thereby protecting the safety of the vehicle occupants.

[0065] The windshield 200 includes a transparent area 201 and a shielded area 202 surrounding the transparent area. The transparent area 201 is located in the central region of the windshield 200 and has a high visible light transmittance that meets safety standards, with the visible light transmittance of the transparent area 201 being greater than or equal to 70%. The shielded area 202 is disposed around the periphery of the windshield 200 and has a lower visible light transmittance of less than or equal to 10%. The shielded area 202 is used to shield and protect vehicle components, preventing them from aging and damage caused by direct sunlight, thereby extending the service life of the vehicle components. The shielded area 202 also shields the vehicle components to ensure an overall aesthetic appearance when viewed from the outside. Preferably, the visible light transmittance of the shielding area 202 is less than or equal to 5%, more preferably the visible light transmittance of the shielding area 202 is less than or equal to 1%, further preferably the visible light transmittance of the shielding area 202 is less than or equal to 0.5%, or even the visible light transmittance of the shielding area 202 is basically equal to 0, that is, it is not transparent.

[0066] The shielding area 202 can be formed by at least one of a dark printed layer, a dark polymer film, and a dimming element. The dark printed layer can be made of ceramic ink or UV ink, which is formed by screen printing, inkjet printing, or other processes. The dark printed layer is preferably black, brown, or tan. The dark polymer film can be a body-colored polymer film made of a thermoplastic resin, such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), polyolefin elastomer (POE), polyurethane (PU), or ionomer film (SGP), preferably PET or PVB. For example, a coloring component can be added during the manufacturing process of the polymer film to achieve body coloring, thereby obtaining a black or brown polymer film. The dark polymer film can also be a polymer film with surface-printed pigment, such as a black or brown pigment or paint printed on the surface of the polymer film. The dimming element can be a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film (PDLC), a suspended particle film (SPD), an electrochromic film (EC), a dye liquid crystal film (LC), etc. The minimum visible light transmittance of the dimming element is less than or equal to 5%, such as 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0%. The maximum visible light transmittance of the dimming element is set as needed, such as 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 70%, or 80%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the dimming element can be adjusted between 0% and 20%, or between 0.5% and 50%, or between 0% and 70%, etc., so as to meet the visible light transmittance requirements in multiple scenarios.

[0067] like Figure 2 As shown, the windshield 200 provided in this application utilizes a laminated glass structure, specifically comprising an outer glass panel 1, an intermediate layer 2, and an inner glass panel 3. The outer glass panel 1 has an opposing first surface 11 and a second surface 12, the inner glass panel 3 has an opposing third surface 31 and a fourth surface 32, and the intermediate layer 2 is connected between the second surface 12 and the third surface 31. The outer glass panel 1, the intermediate layer 2, and the inner glass panel 3 are processed through automotive glass production processes to form the laminated glass windshield 200. The windshield 200 meets the requirements of Chinese standard GB9656 as well as automotive glass standards in Europe, the United States, and other countries.

[0068] When the windshield 200 is installed on a vehicle, the outer glass panel 1 is located on the vehicle's exterior, with the first surface 11 being the exterior surface of the windshield 200 exposed to the vehicle. The inner glass panel 3 is located on the vehicle's interior, with the fourth surface 32 being the interior surface of the windshield 200 exposed to the vehicle's interior. When a pedestrian collides with the windshield 200, the pedestrian's head initially contacts the first surface 11 of the outer glass panel 1. If the windshield 200 does not break, the pedestrian's head will be subjected to a significant impact from the windshield 200. If the windshield 200 breaks, the pedestrian's head will partially or completely pass through the fourth surface 32 of the inner glass panel 3.

[0069] The outer glass plate 1 is made of transparent glass or tinted glass, has a thickness of 0.7 mm to 4 mm, and has a visible light transmittance greater than 70%. The inner glass plate 3 is made of transparent glass or tinted glass, has a thickness of 0.7 mm to 4 mm, and has a visible light transmittance greater than 70%. The total iron content (calculated as Fe2O3) of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.1%, even less than or equal to 0.05%, and further less than or equal to 0.01%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is 80% to 95%; the total iron content (calculated as Fe2O3) of the tinted glass is 0.1% to 0.8%, even 0.1% to 0.5%, and the visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is 75% to 90%. For example, the outer glass plate 1 can be a transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 89%, and the inner glass plate 3 can be a green glass with a thickness of 1.6 mm and a visible light transmittance of 83%, or a green glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 80%.

[0070] Wherein, the intermediate layer 2 is a transparent thermoplastic polymer film or a colored thermoplastic polymer film, and the thickness of the intermediate layer 2 is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm. For example, the thickness of the intermediate layer 2 can be, but is not limited to, 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm, 1.52 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.28 mm, or other values ​​between 0.38 mm and 2.28 mm. The material of the thermoplastic polymer film can be selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ionomer (SGP). When the intermediate layer 2 is a transparent thermoplastic polymer, the visible light transmittance of the transparent thermoplastic polymer is greater than or equal to 80%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the intermediate layer 2 can be, but is not limited to, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, etc. When the intermediate layer 2 is a colored thermoplastic polymer film, the visible light transmittance of the colored thermoplastic polymer film is greater than 70%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the intermediate layer 2 may be, but is not limited to, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%. The colored thermoplastic polymer film may be a gray thermoplastic polymer film, a green thermoplastic polymer film, or a blue thermoplastic polymer film.

[0071] exist Figure 2 In the embodiment, the shielding area 202 can be formed by a dark printed layer 4. Ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink is printed on the second surface 12 by screen printing, inkjet printing, or other processes, and then cured or sintered at high temperature to form the dark printed layer 4. The dark printed layer 4 is disposed around the peripheral edge of the second surface 12. It is understood that the dark printed layer 4 can also be located only on the third surface 31, or only on the fourth surface 32, or on both the second surface 12 and the fourth surface 32, or on both the second surface 12 and the third surface 31, or on both the third surface 31 and the fourth surface 32, or on all three surfaces.

[0072] The safety requirements for the windshield 200 must meet the traditional basic requirements for protecting the safety of people inside the vehicle. It must not only prevent people inside the vehicle from passing through the vehicle during a collision, but also be difficult to break when colliding with flying objects such as flying rocks from outside the vehicle, and have impact resistance to flying rocks and other flying objects from outside the vehicle. These safety requirements must be met by traditional windshields. However, more and more countries require that the windshield 200 also protect pedestrians who collide with the vehicle and minimize the damage to the pedestrian's head caused by the windshield in the event of a collision. According to the provisions of the Chinese standard GB24550, the head injury criterion (HIC) is used to evaluate the degree of damage to the pedestrian's head caused by the windshield in the event of a collision. The head injury criterion (HIC) is calculated according to the following formula:

[0073]

[0074] Where a is the measured composite acceleration in g (1 g = 9.81 m / s 2 );

[0075] t1 and t2 are two moments in the impact process (in seconds), representing a certain time interval between the start and end of recording. During this time interval, HIC takes the maximum value (t2-t1≤15ms).

[0076] According to the applicant's research, after a pedestrian's head collides with the windshield 200, if the windshield 200 does not break, the HIC of the windshield 200 will inevitably be greater than 1000, or even greater than 1700. The pedestrian's head will be subjected to a huge impact from the windshield 200, causing serious primary injury to the pedestrian's head; if the windshield 200 breaks, the HIC of the windshield 200 may be greater than 1000 or less than 1000; in order to better protect the pedestrian's head, the windshield 200 provided in this application has an HIC of less than 1000, so as to minimize the primary injury to the pedestrian's head.

[0077] According to the applicant's further research, the applicant surprisingly discovered that if a windshield 200 with an HIC of less than 1000 is provided, after a pedestrian's head collides with the windshield 200, the windshield 200 will break, and the pedestrian's head will partially or completely pass through the fourth surface 32 of the inner glass plate 3. Due to the structural design of the vehicle and the angle of the pedestrian's collision with the vehicle, the pedestrian's head will usually directly impact the lower half of the windshield 200, or even the area near the bottom edge of the windshield 200. After passing through or protruding from the fourth surface 32, the pedestrian's head will further impact the instrument panel 100 below the windshield 200, causing secondary damage to the pedestrian's head from the instrument panel 100. In particular, when the instrument panel 100 is installed with a head-up display projector 300, a passenger airbag 400, or other hard and sharp decorative components, the secondary damage caused by the instrument panel 100 to the pedestrian's head may be more serious than the primary damage caused by the windshield 200.

[0078] like Figure 3 As shown, multiple pieces of traditional windshield 200 are provided and tested using an adult head impactor according to the Chinese standard GB24550 to simulate the process of a pedestrian's head hitting the windshield 200 after a collision between a pedestrian and a vehicle. An acceleration sensor and a data acquisition instrument are used to obtain an impact curve regarding the impact time and the synthetic acceleration. Figure 3 Five sets of impact curves are shown, with the horizontal axis representing the impact time t (time) in milliseconds (ms) and the vertical axis representing the resultant acceleration a (acceleration) in g. In this application, an adult head-shaped impactor sequentially strikes the windshield 200 and the instrument panel 100, experiencing resistance and deceleration. For ease of drawing and explanation, the resultant acceleration a is taken as an absolute value.

[0079] exist Figure 3 In the figure, the dashed box 2000 represents the impact time and the impact curve of the resultant acceleration from the time when the adult head impactor contacts the first surface 11 of the windshield 200 to the time when the windshield 200 breaks, and the impact is usually completed within 5ms; the dashed box 3000 represents the impact time and the impact curve of the resultant acceleration within 15ms after the windshield 200 breaks to the time when it hits the instrument panel 100. Based on the curves in the dashed boxes 2000 and 3000, and the head injury index (HIC) calculation formula, two HICs can be calculated respectively. Figure 3In the five groups of impact curves of the traditional windshield 200 shown, the synthetic acceleration in the dotted box 3000 is significantly greater than the synthetic acceleration in the dotted box 2000, and the HIC calculated based on the curve in the dotted box 3000 is also significantly greater than the HIC calculated based on the curve in the dotted box 2000. The HIC calculated based on the curve in the dotted box 3000 is even greater than 1000, which means that the dashboard 100 causes more serious secondary damage to the pedestrian's head and even fails to meet the standard requirement of HIC less than 1000.

[0080] Based on this, the present application further optimizes the windshield 200 with HIC less than 1000, such as Figure 4 As shown, a first weakened area 203 is provided on the windshield 200 in an area corresponding to the instrument panel 100. The first weakened area 203 is tested using an adult headform impactor. The adult headform impactor impacts the first weakened area 203 to rupture the first weakened area 203. After the first weakened area 203 ruptures, the adult headform impactor impacts the instrument panel 100. The adult headform impactor has a first head injury index HIC1 within 0 to 5 ms after impacting the first weakened area 203. The adult headform impactor has a second head injury index HIC2 within 5 to 15 ms after impacting the first weakened area. HIC1 and HIC2 satisfy 100≤HIC1≤650, and HIC2<1000. By providing the first weakened area 203 on the windshield 200, the present application not only meets the basic requirement of protecting the safety of vehicle occupants, but also reduces both primary head damage caused by the windshield 200 and secondary head damage caused by the instrument panel 100, meeting the standard requirements of both HIC1 and HIC2 being less than 1000, significantly reducing the total head damage to pedestrians. It is understood that testing the first weakened area 203 using an adult head impactor can be conducted in accordance with Chinese standard GB24550, or using EU regulations ECE UN R127, the European New Car Assessment Program (E-NCAP), the China New Car Assessment Program (C-NCAP), or the China Insurance Automobile Safety Index (C-IASI). In the present application, testing is preferably conducted in accordance with Chinese standard GB24550, and the adult head impactor is selected from the adult head impactor specified in Chinese standard GB24550.

[0081] like Figure 5As shown, multiple windshields 200 further optimized according to the present application were provided and tested using an adult headform impactor according to Chinese standard GB24550, simulating the process of a pedestrian's head impacting the windshield 200 after a collision with a vehicle. An acceleration sensor and a data acquisition device were used to obtain impact curves of impact time and resultant acceleration. The dashed box 2001 represents the impact curve of the impact time and resultant acceleration from the time the adult headform impactor contacts the first surface of the windshield 200 until the windshield 200 breaks. The dashed box 3001 represents the impact curve of the impact time and resultant acceleration within 15 milliseconds from the time the windshield 200 breaks until it impacts the instrument panel 100. The adult head-shaped impactor has a first maximum resultant acceleration a5 within 0 to 5 ms after impacting the first weakened area 203. The adult head-shaped impactor has a second maximum resultant acceleration a15 within 5 to 15 ms after impacting the first weakened area 203. a5 is greater than a15, which is more conducive to reducing the secondary damage caused by the instrument panel 100 to the pedestrian's head, meeting the standard requirements that both HIC1 and HIC2 are less than 1000, and significantly reducing the total damage value to the pedestrian's head. The windshield 200 can take into account both the collision protection of pedestrians and the safety protection of people in the vehicle, and its comprehensive safety performance is better.

[0082] In some embodiments, after an adult head-shaped impactor strikes the windshield 200, the time it takes for the windshield 200 to break is shortened to less than 3 ms. That is, the time it takes for the adult head-shaped impactor to strike the first weakened area 203 and cause the first weakened area 203 to break is less than or equal to 3 ms, thereby further reducing the primary damage caused by the windshield 200 to the pedestrian's head. During the breaking process of the windshield 200, the outer glass plate 1 has an external maximum combined acceleration a for the adult head-shaped impactor. O The inner glass plate 3 has a maximum synthetic acceleration a for the adult head impactor. i , that is, the adult head impactor has two peaks within the time of 0 to 5 ms after impacting the first weakened area 203, specifically corresponding to the two peaks in the dotted box 2001. Usually, the inner glass plate 3 breaks earlier than the outer glass plate 1. The maximum synthetic acceleration a O Greater than the maximum resultant acceleration a i In other embodiments, the maximum combined acceleration a O Less than the maximum resultant acceleration a i In some further embodiments, the adult headform impactor has only one wave peak within the first 0 to 5 ms after impacting the first weakened area 203 .

[0083] In some embodiments, the first maximum resultant acceleration a5 is less than or equal to 180g, and the second maximum resultant acceleration a15 is less than or equal to 100g, thereby further reducing primary injury to the pedestrian's head caused by the windshield 200 and secondary injury to the pedestrian's head caused by the instrument panel 100. Preferably, the first maximum resultant acceleration a5 is less than or equal to 150g, and the second maximum resultant acceleration a15 is less than or equal to 80g.

[0084] In some embodiments, the synthetic acceleration a of the adult head impactor is continuously greater than 50g for less than or equal to 3ms within the first 0-15ms after impacting the first weakened zone 203, thereby being more conducive to reducing the primary damage caused by the windshield 200 to the pedestrian's head.

[0085] In some embodiments, the second head injury index HIC2 is ≤ 650, and HIC2 is smaller than HIC1, which is more conducive to reducing the secondary damage caused to the pedestrian's head by the instrument panel 100. According to the applicant's research, if HIC1 is too small, it will cause the adult head impactor to directly penetrate the windshield 200. Although the windshield 200 causes less primary damage to the pedestrian's head, the secondary damage caused to the pedestrian's head by the instrument panel 100 is very large, making HIC2 significantly greater than 1000, and it is difficult to meet the impact resistance requirements for flying objects such as flying stones outside the vehicle. Therefore, after the adult head impactor impacts the first weakened area 203, the first weakened area 203 is preferably broken but not completely penetrated. The first head injury index HIC1 can be, for example The first head injury index HIC1 can be 100, 150, 180, 200, 220, 250, 280, 300, 320, 350, 370, 400, 430, 450, 480, 500, 550, 600, 650. Preferably, 200≤HIC1≤500, HIC2≤500.

[0086] exist Figure 4In the embodiment, the first weakened area 203 is located within the transparent area 201. After the adult head impactor ruptures the first weakened area 203, it will continue to impact the instrument panel 100. Therefore, the first weakened area 203 is also referred to as the instrument panel weakened area or IP weakened area. The shielding area 202 includes a top shielding area 205, a left shielding area 206, a right shielding area 207, and a bottom shielding area 208. The top shielding area 205 is located at the top area of ​​the windshield 200, the left shielding area 206 is located at the left area of ​​the windshield 200, the right shielding area 207 is located at the right area of ​​the windshield 200, and the bottom shielding area 208 is located at the bottom area of ​​the windshield 200. Specifically, the distance between the lower boundary of the first weakened zone 203 and the bottom shielding zone 208 is x, the distance between the left boundary of the first weakened zone 203 and the left shielding zone 206 is m, the distance between the right boundary of the first weakened zone 206 and the right shielding zone 207 is n, and the distance between the upper boundary and the lower boundary of the first weakened zone 203 is h, x is less than or equal to 15 mm, m is less than or equal to 50 mm, n is less than or equal to 50 mm, and h is equal to 100 mm to 300 mm. Specifically, x can be 15mm, 10mm, 5mm, 1mm, etc., m can be 50mm, 45mm, 40mm, 35mm, 30mm, 25mm, 20mm, 15mm, 10mm, 5mm, etc., n can be 50mm, 45mm, 40mm, 35mm, 30mm, 25mm, 20mm, 15mm, 10mm, 5mm, etc., and h can be 100mm, 120mm, 150mm, 180mm, 200mm, 230mm, 250mm, 280mm, 300mm, etc.

[0087] To further reduce the risk of primary head injury from the windshield 200, the windshield 200 further comprises a second weakened area 204, also located within the transparent area 201. The second weakened area 204 is tested using an adult headform impactor according to standard GB24550. The adult headform impactor exhibits a third head injury index (HIC3) within 0 to 15 milliseconds after impacting the second weakened area 204, where HIC3 is less than 1000. Preferably, 100 ≤ HIC3 ≤ 900, and specific examples include 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, and 900. In the present application, the first weakened zone 203 is mainly used to protect the pedestrian's head, and can reduce the primary damage to the pedestrian's head caused by the windshield 200 and reduce the secondary damage to the pedestrian's head caused by the instrument panel 100; the second weakened zone 204 is mainly used to protect the occupants of the vehicle, while taking into account the protection of the pedestrian's head, and can reduce the primary damage to the pedestrian's head caused by the windshield 200; HIC1 and HIC3 preferably satisfy HIC3 greater than HIC1, 200≤HIC3≤800.

[0088] like Figure 4 As shown, the second weakened zone 204 is located between the first weakened zone 203 and the top shielding zone 205, the distance between the upper boundary of the second weakened zone 204 and the top shielding zone 205 is y, the distance between the left boundary of the second weakened zone 204 and the left shielding zone 206 is equal to m, the distance between the right boundary of the second weakened zone 204 and the right shielding zone 207 is equal to n, y is less than or equal to 100 mm, and y can be exemplified by 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm, 80 mm, 90 mm, 100 mm, etc.

[0089] In some embodiments, the ratio of the area of ​​the first weakened zone 203 to the area of ​​the transparent zone 201 is less than or equal to 1 / 3, the ratio of the area of ​​the second weakened zone 204 to the area of ​​the transparent zone 201 is less than or equal to 2 / 3, and the area of ​​the first weakened zone 203 is smaller than the area of ​​the second weakened zone 204.

[0090] exist Figure 4 In the embodiment, the first weakened area 203 is adjacent to the second weakened area 204. Figure 6As shown, in other embodiments, a transition weakened zone 209 can be set between the lower boundary of the second weakened zone 204 and the upper boundary of the first weakened zone 203, and the area of ​​the transition weakened zone 209 is smaller than the area of ​​the first weakened zone 203. The transition weakened zone 209 is tested using an adult head-shaped impactor. The adult head-shaped impactor has a fourth head injury index HIC4 within 0 to 15 ms after impacting the transition weakened zone 209, and HIC4 is greater than HIC1, and HIC4 is less than HIC3.

[0091] To achieve the first weakened zone 203 and the second weakened zone 204 in the windshield 200, the present application implements zoned weakening of the windshield to achieve different HIC zone control. For the first weakened zone 203, the peak value of the second maximum resultant acceleration a15 is further advanced and reduced, making a15 less than a5, significantly optimizing the overall impact curve.

[0092] When weakening the windshield 200, other safety requirements must also be met. For example, the passenger airbag 400 will directly impact the inner glass plate 3 after detonation. In order to protect the occupants of the vehicle, the strength of the inner glass plate 3 is preferably greater than the strength of the outer glass plate 1. Specifically, the bending strength of the third surface 31 can be greater than the bending strength of the second surface 12, and / or the bending strength of the fourth surface 32 can be greater than the bending strength of the second surface 12.

[0093] The thickness of the interlayer 2 of a conventional windshield 200 ranges from 0.76 mm to 1.52 mm. To achieve the first weakened zone 203, the thickness of the interlayer 2 in the first weakened zone 203 described in this application is 0.38 mm to 0.6 mm, with specific examples being 0.38 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.6 mm. To ensure the overall strength of the second weakened zone 204, the thickness of the interlayer 2 in the second weakened zone 204 is preferably at least 0.76 mm.

[0094] According to the applicant's research, the moisture content of the interlayer 2 affects the bond strength between the interlayer 2 and the outer glass pane 1 and inner glass pane 3. The moisture content of the interlayer 2 of conventional windshield 200 is 0.45% to 0.55%, which can provide better bond strength and a higher HIC for windshield 200. To achieve the first weakened zone 203 and the second weakened zone 204, the moisture content of the interlayer 2 described in this application is 0.3%-0.4%, with specific examples being 0.3%, 0.32%, 0.35%, 0.38%, 0.4%, etc.; or 0.6%-0.7%, with specific examples being 0.6%, 0.61%, 0.63%, 0.65%, 0.68%, 0.7%, etc.

[0095] In the present application, both the outer glass pane 1 and the inner glass pane 3 are float glass. During the production process, float glass has an air side and a tin side. The tin side has a higher concentration of tin oxide than the air side. Of the second surface 12 and third surface 31 of the conventional windshield 200, one is an air side and the other is a tin side, to improve the bonding strength between them and the interlayer 2.

[0096] To achieve the first weakened zone 203 and the second weakened zone 204, the second surface 12 and the third surface 31 of the present application are both tin surfaces or both air surfaces. When the second surface 12 and the third surface 31 are both tin surfaces, that is, the concentration of tin oxide on the second surface 12 is greater than the concentration of tin oxide on the first surface 11, and the concentration of tin oxide on the third surface 31 is greater than the concentration of tin oxide on the fourth surface 32. When the second surface 12 and the third surface 31 are both air surfaces, that is, the concentration of tin oxide on the second surface 12 is less than the concentration of tin oxide on the first surface 11, and the concentration of tin oxide on the third surface 31 is less than the concentration of tin oxide on the fourth surface 32.

[0097] The conventional windshield 200 has an outer glass sheet 1 with a thickness of 2.1 mm and an inner glass sheet 3 with a thickness of 2.1 mm, or an outer glass sheet 1 with a thickness of 3.0 mm and an inner glass sheet 3 with a thickness of 1.1 mm. This results in a break time of approximately 5 ms, or even approximately 6.5 ms, after an impact on the conventional windshield 200. In the present application, the ratio of the thickness of the outer glass sheet 1 to the thickness of the inner glass sheet 3 is preferably greater than or equal to 0.75 and less than 1, such as 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, etc. This allows the inner glass sheet 3 and the outer glass sheet 1 to break simultaneously or nearly simultaneously, thereby reducing the break time of the windshield 200 after an impact to less than 3 ms. Specifically, for example, the thickness of the outer glass plate 1 is 1.6 mm and the thickness of the inner glass plate 3 is 2.1 mm, or the thickness of the outer glass plate 1 is 1.8 mm and the thickness of the inner glass plate 3 is 2 mm.

[0098] like Figure 7As shown, the present application further provides a weakening coating 5 on at least one of the second surface 12, the third surface 31, and the fourth surface 32. The weakening coating 5 covers at least the first weakened area 203, preferably at least the first weakened area 203 and the second weakened area 204. Further, the weakening coating 5 covers at least the transparent area 201. During the manufacturing process of the windshield 200, the weakening coating 5 undergoes a heating and softening step, a bending and forming step, and an annealing step together with the outer glass plate 1 or the inner glass plate 3. Since the weakening coating 5 and the outer glass plate 1 or the inner glass plate 3 have different heating and annealing rates, the glass surface where the weakening coating 5 is located generates mechanical stress on the interior of the glass, causing the tensile stress inside the glass to increase, while the compressive stress on the glass surface where the weakening coating 5 is located increases, thereby reducing the stress on the glass surface where the weakening coating 5 is not provided, achieving the effect of making 100≤HIC1≤650 and HIC2<1000. The weakening coating 5 can be deposited on at least one of the second surface 12, the third surface 31, and the fourth surface 32 via physical vapor deposition (PVD) or a sol-gel method. The physical vapor deposition (PVD) method is preferably a magnetron sputtering process. It is understood that the weakening coating 5 not only weakens the windshield 200 but also provides the windshield 200 with its own functions, such as heat insulation, UV protection, electric heating for defrosting and defogging, increased P-polarized light reflectivity for HUD implementation, reduced visible light reflectivity, fog prevention, water repellency, and anti-glare.

[0099] In some embodiments, the weakened coating 5 may cover at least 30% of the area of ​​the windshield 200, or at least 40% of the area, or at least 50% of the area, or at least 60% of the area, or at least 70% of the area, or at least 80% of the area, or at least 90% of the area, or even 100% of the area.

[0100] In some embodiments, the weakened coating 5 includes at least one infrared reflective functional layer, which can be a metal layer, a metal alloy layer, or a transparent conductive oxide layer (TCO layer). The number of infrared reflective functional layers in the weakened coating 5 can be one, two, three, four, or even five. Taking into account the complexity of design, production difficulty, and manufacturing cost, the number of infrared reflective functional layers is preferably 2-4. It is understood that the weakened coating 5 also includes at least two dielectric layers, each infrared reflective functional layer being located between two adjacent dielectric layers. The dielectric layers, on the one hand, have the function of protecting the infrared reflective functional layer from oxidation or corrosion, and on the other hand, can also adjust the optical properties, mechanical properties, and reflection color of the weakened coating 5.

[0101] The metal layer can be made of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), or aluminum (Al). The metal alloy layer can be made of a silver alloy with a silver content greater than or equal to 90%, such as a silver-copper alloy, a silver-indium alloy, or a silver-aluminum alloy. The thickness of the metal layer or metal alloy layer is 5 nm to 20 nm. When the infrared reflective functional layer is a metal layer or a metal alloy layer, the weakening coating 5 is disposed on the second surface 12 or the third surface 31.

[0102] The infrared reflective functional layer may also be a transparent conductive oxide layer. The material of the transparent conductive oxide layer may be selected from at least one of ITO (indium tin oxide), NiCrOx, FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), ZnSnOx, and doped zinc oxide. The doping element in the doped zinc oxide may be at least one of aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium. Examples include AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide) and HAZO (AZO doped with hafnium and aluminum). In some embodiments, the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide layer is 50 nm to 300 nm. When the infrared reflective functional layer is a transparent conductive oxide layer, the weakening coating 5 is disposed on the second surface 12, the third surface 31, or the fourth surface 32.

[0103] In other embodiments, the weakened coating 5 comprises at least one laminated structure of a "high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer", the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is not less than 1.8, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is not higher than 1.7; the weakened coating 5 is used to reduce the visible light reflectivity of the windshield 200, or to increase the P-polarized light reflectivity of the windshield 200. Specifically, the weakened coating 5 may include 1-4 of the stacked structures, for example, the weakened coating 5 includes a stacked structure of a high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer, the high refractive index layer is directly arranged on the second surface 12, the third surface 31 or the fourth surface 32, and the low refractive index layer is arranged on the high refractive index layer; the weakened coating 5 includes a stacked structure of two high refractive index layers / low refractive index layers, that is, deposited outwardly in sequence as a first high refractive index layer, a first low refractive index layer, a second high refractive index layer and a second low refractive index layer, the first high refractive index layer is directly arranged on the second surface 12, the third surface 31 or the fourth surface 32; the weakened coating 5 includes a stacked structure of three high refractive index layers / low refractive index layers, that is, deposited outwardly in sequence as a first high refractive index layer, a first low refractive index layer, a second high refractive index layer, a second low refractive index layer, a third high refractive index layer and a third low refractive index layer, the first high refractive index layer is directly arranged on the second surface 12, the third surface 31 or the fourth surface 32.

[0104] The present application also provides a method for manufacturing the windshield 200, comprising the following steps:

[0105] Step 1: providing a curved outer glass plate 1 and an inner glass plate 3, wherein the outer glass plate 1 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 opposite to each other, and the inner glass plate 3 has a third surface 31 and a fourth surface 32 opposite to each other;

[0106] Step 2: providing an intermediate layer 2, and sequentially laminating the outer glass plate 1, the intermediate layer 2, and the inner glass plate 3 to form a laminated glass structure;

[0107] Step 3: heating, evacuating, and / or applying pressure to the laminated glass structure to obtain the windshield 200 , wherein the windshield 200 has the first weakened area 203 .

[0108] In some embodiments, the windshield 200 further has the second weakened area 204 .

[0109] The first weakened zone 203 and the second weakened zone 204 can be respectively realized by providing at least one weakening structure. Preferably, the weakening structure is provided in the outer glass plate 1 and / or the inner glass plate 3, and the weakening structure is formed by at least one of the following weakening methods:

[0110] (1) introducing an internal defect between the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 by using a laser weakening method;

[0111] (2) introducing an internal defect between the third surface 31 and the fourth surface 32 using a laser weakening method;

[0112] (3) forming microcracks on the second surface 12 by a physical friction weakening method;

[0113] (4) A chemical etching weakening method is used to form fracture lines on the second surface 12.

[0114] In the present application, the weakening structure may be located only in the first weakening zone 203, or multiple weakening structures may be located in the first weakening zone 203 and the second weakening zone 204 respectively. The weakening structure in the first weakening zone 203 may be the same as or different from the weakening structure in the second weakening zone 204.

[0115] In some embodiments, the curved outer glass plate 1 and inner glass plate 3 are obtained by subjecting flat glass to a heating and softening step, a bending and forming step, and an annealing step. The heating and softening step, the bending and forming step, and the annealing step are set under different process conditions, and the stress of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 3 can be further adjusted, thereby further adjusting the HIC of the windshield 200. The heating and softening step is to increase the temperature of the flat glass to a softening temperature using a heating element; the bending and forming step is to bend the flat glass using a bending mold, which may include at least one of a solid male mold, a solid female mold, an annular male mold, and an annular female mold; and the annealing step is to reduce the temperature of the curved outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 3 to room temperature using a blowing device. In the present application, it is preferred that the heating and softening step, the bending and forming step, and the annealing step meet at least one of the following conditions:

[0116] (1) The heating temperature of the heating and softening step is 660° C. to 750° C.;

[0117] (2) The heating and softening step uses a convection heating method to soften the flat glass;

[0118] (3) The heating and softening step uses a convection heating method and a radiation heating method to soften the flat glass;

[0119] (4) in the heating and softening step, the surface of the flat glass having a lower tin oxide concentration faces the heating element;

[0120] (5) In the heating and softening step, the heating and softening time of the outer glass plate 1 is greater than the heating and softening time of the inner glass plate 3;

[0121] (6) In the bending step, the temperature of the bending mold for bending the flat glass is greater than or equal to 500° C.;

[0122] (7) During the annealing step, the blowing pressure of the outer glass plate 1 is lower than the blowing pressure of the inner glass plate 3;

[0123] (8) In the annealing step, the annealing time of the outer glass plate 1 is greater than the annealing time of the inner glass plate 3.

[0124] In some embodiments, before forming the laminated glass structure, the intermediate layer 2 undergoes a humidity adjustment treatment or a stretching treatment. The moisture content of the intermediate layer 2 after the humidity adjustment treatment is 0.3%-0.4% or 0.6%-0.7%. The thickness of the intermediate layer 2 in the first weakened zone 203 after the stretching treatment is 0.38 mm to 0.6 mm.

[0125] Examples 1-20 and Comparative Examples 1-10

[0126] Multiple sheets of 2.1 mm thick float glass were prepared and subjected to a heating and softening step, a bending step, and an annealing step to obtain a curved outer glass sheet 1 and an inner glass sheet 3. A 0.76 mm thick PVB was used as an interlayer 2. The interlayer 2 was laminated with the curved outer glass sheet 1 and the inner glass sheet 3 according to the manufacturing method described herein to form a laminated glass structure. The laminated glass structure was then heated, vacuumed, and / or pressurized to obtain the windshields 200 of Examples 1-20 and Comparative Examples 1-10. The windshields of Comparative Examples 1-5 were not subjected to weakening optimization and did not have a first weakened zone 203. The windshields of Comparative Examples 6-10 were subjected to weakening optimization and had a first weakened zone 203, but did not satisfy the conditions of 100 ≤ HIC1 ≤ 650 and HIC2 < 1000. The windshield of Example 1-20 was subjected to weakening optimization and had a first weakened zone 203, satisfying the conditions of 100 ≤ HIC1 ≤ 650 and HIC2 < 1000.

[0127] The windshields 200 of Examples 1-20 and Comparative Examples 1-10 were tested using an adult headform impactor according to Chinese standard GB24550. The adult headform impactor was used to impact the first weakened area 203, causing the first weakened area 203 to rupture. After the first weakened area 203 ruptured, the adult headform impactor was then used to impact the instrument panel 100. An acceleration sensor and a data acquisition device were used to obtain an impact curve of impact time and resultant acceleration. The cracking phenomenon of the windshield 200 was observed or calculated, and the test results are recorded in Table 1.

[0128] Atypical rupture: with at least one of the phenomena (1)-(3);

[0129] (1) When an adult head impactor impacts the first weakened area, the integrity of the windshield remains unchanged for more than 1ms;

[0130] (2) The first maximum resultant acceleration a5 is greater than 180g during the period from 0 to 5ms in the shock curve;

[0131] (3) The average value of the maximum composite acceleration a during the period from 0 to 15 ms in the impact curve is greater than 50 g for 3 consecutive ms;

[0132] Typical rupture: 100≤HIC1≤650 and HIC2<1000, and there is no atypical rupture.

[0133] Table 1: Test results of windshields 200 of Examples 1-20 and Comparative Examples 1-10

[0134]

[0135] Table 1 shows that the HIC1 of Comparative Example 1 was greater than 2000, and the windshield 200 did not crack during the test, nor did it produce HIC2. However, it caused a very serious primary injury to the pedestrian's head. The HIC1 of Comparative Examples 2-6 was all greater than 900, and the first maximum combined acceleration a5 was greater than 180g during the 0-5ms period of the impact curve. Furthermore, the combined acceleration a during the 0-15ms period of the impact curve had a continuous 3ms average value of greater than 100g. The windshield 200 developed minor cracks during the test. Although the HIC2 was relatively small, it still caused a relatively serious primary injury to the pedestrian's head. The HIC1 of Comparative Examples 7-9 was all greater than 650, and the combined acceleration a during the 0-15ms period of the impact curve had a continuous 3ms average value of greater than 70g. The windshield 200 developed minor cracks during the test. The HIC2 was still relatively small, but it still caused a serious primary injury to the pedestrian's head. In comparative example 10, HIC1 is less than 100, and the windshield 200 is completely penetrated during the test. HIC2 is greater than 1000. Although the windshield 200 causes little primary damage to the pedestrian's head, the dashboard causes very serious secondary damage to the pedestrian's head.

[0136] The HIC1 of Example 1-20 satisfies 150≤HIC1≤650 and HIC2<650, and has a first maximum composite acceleration a5 less than 180g within the time period of 0 to 5ms in the impact curve, and the composite acceleration a within the time period of 0 to 15ms in the impact curve has an average value of the maximum composite acceleration for 3ms that is less than 50g. This can cause the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 of the windshield to rupture simultaneously or nearly simultaneously after being impacted, and the specific rupture time is shortened to within 3ms, which is more conducive to reducing the primary damage caused to the pedestrian's head by the windshield 200. On the basis of meeting the basic requirement of protecting the safety of occupants in the vehicle, it can also reduce both the primary damage caused to the pedestrian's head by the windshield 200 and the secondary damage caused to the pedestrian's head by the instrument panel 100, thus meeting the standard requirement of HIC less than 1000.

[0137] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used solely for descriptive purposes and to distinguish similar objects. There is no order of precedence between the two, nor should they be understood to indicate or imply relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0138] The above-mentioned various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0139] The above are only a few embodiments of the present application. Although the embodiments disclosed in this application are as above, the contents are only embodiments adopted to facilitate understanding of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art of the present application may make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed in this application. However, the scope of patent protection of this application shall still be based on the scope defined by the attached claims.

Claims

1. A windshield mounted on a vehicle including an instrument panel, characterized in that: The windshield comprises an outer glass pane, an intermediate layer, and an inner glass pane; the outer glass pane has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, the inner glass pane has a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to each other, the intermediate layer being connected between the second surface and the third surface; The windshield has a first weakened area, and the first weakened area is tested using an adult head-shaped impactor, wherein the adult head-shaped impactor impacts the first weakened area to break the first weakened area, and the adult head-shaped impactor impacts the instrument panel after the first weakened area breaks; The adult head impactor has a first head injury index HIC1 within 0 to 5 ms after impacting the first weakened area, 100≤HIC1≤650; The adult head impactor has a second head injury index HIC2 within 5 to 15 ms after impacting the first weakened area, where HIC2 is less than 650 and HIC2 is less than HIC1.

2. The windshield according to claim 1, wherein: The adult headform impactor has a first maximum synthetic acceleration a5 within 0 to 5 ms after impacting the first weakened area, and has a second maximum synthetic acceleration a15 within 5 to 15 ms after impacting the first weakened area, where a5 is greater than a15.

3. The windshield according to claim 2, wherein: a5 is less than or equal to 180g, and a15 is less than or equal to 100g.

4. The windshield according to claim 2, wherein: The synthetic acceleration a of the adult headform impactor within the first 0 to 15 ms after impacting the first weakened area is continuously greater than 50 g for less than or equal to 3 ms.

5. The windshield according to claim 1, wherein: 200≤HIC1≤500, HIC2≤500.

6. The windshield according to claim 1, wherein: The windshield also has a second weakened area. The second weakened area is tested using an adult head impactor. The adult head impactor has a third head injury index HIC3 within 0 to 15 ms after impacting the second weakened area, and HIC3 is less than 1000.

7. The windshield according to claim 6, wherein: 100≤HIC3≤900.

8. The windshield according to claim 6, wherein: HIC3 is greater than HIC1, 200≤HIC3≤800.

9. The windshield according to claim 6, wherein: The windshield includes a transparent area and a shielding area surrounded by the transparent area. The visible light transmittance of the transparent area is greater than or equal to 70%, and the visible light transmittance of the shielding area is less than or equal to 10%. The first weakened area and the second weakened area are both located within the transparent area.

10. The windshield according to claim 9, wherein The shielding area includes a top shielding area, a left shielding area, a bottom shielding area and a right shielding area; The distance between the lower boundary of the first weakened zone and the bottom shielding zone is x, the distance between the left boundary of the first weakened zone and the left shielding zone is m, the distance between the right boundary of the first weakened zone and the right shielding zone is n, and the distance between the upper boundary and the lower boundary of the first weakened zone is h, where x is less than or equal to 15 mm, m is less than or equal to 50 mm, n is less than or equal to 50 mm, and h is equal to 100 mm to 300 mm; The distance between the upper boundary of the second weakened zone and the top shielding zone is y, the distance between the left boundary of the second weakened zone and the left shielding zone is equal to m, the distance between the right boundary of the second weakened zone and the right shielding zone is equal to n, and y is less than or equal to 100 mm.

11. The windshield according to claim 10, wherein: A transition weakened zone is set between the lower boundary of the second weakened zone and the upper boundary of the first weakened zone. The area of ​​the transition weakened zone is smaller than the area of ​​the first weakened zone. The transition weakened zone is tested using an adult head-shaped impactor. The adult head-shaped impactor has a fourth head injury index HIC4 within 0 to 15 ms after impacting the transition weakened zone. HIC4 is greater than HIC1 and HIC4 is less than HIC3.

12. The windshield according to claim 9, wherein The ratio of the area of ​​the first weakened zone to the area of ​​the transparent zone is less than or equal to 1 / 3, the ratio of the area of ​​the second weakened zone to the area of ​​the transparent zone is less than or equal to 2 / 3, and the area of ​​the first weakened zone is smaller than the area of ​​the second weakened zone.

13. The windshield according to claim 1, wherein The time it takes for the adult headform impactor to impact the first weakened area and cause the first weakened area to rupture is less than or equal to 3 ms.

14. The windshield according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein: The bending strength of the third surface is greater than the bending strength of the second surface, and / or the bending strength of the fourth surface is greater than the bending strength of the second surface.

15. The windshield according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: The thickness of the intermediate layer located in the first weakened area is 0.38 mm to 0.6 mm.

16. The windshield according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: The moisture content of the middle layer is 0.3%-0.4% or 0.6%-0.7%.

17. The windshield according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein: The concentration of tin oxide on the second surface is greater than the concentration of tin oxide on the first surface, and the concentration of tin oxide on the third surface is greater than the concentration of tin oxide on the fourth surface; Alternatively, the concentration of tin oxide on the second surface is lower than that on the first surface, and the concentration of tin oxide on the third surface is lower than that on the fourth surface.

18. The windshield according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein: A ratio of the thickness of the outer glass plate to the thickness of the inner glass plate is greater than or equal to 0.75 and less than 1.

19. The windshield according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein: A weakened coating is further provided on at least one of the second surface, the third surface and the fourth surface, and the weakened coating at least covers the first weakened area.

20. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle includes an instrument panel and the windshield according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the instrument panel is provided at a lower side close to the windshield.

21. A method for manufacturing a windshield according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: providing a curved outer glass sheet and an inner glass sheet, wherein the outer glass sheet has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, and the inner glass sheet has a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to each other; Step 2: Providing an intermediate layer, and stacking the outer glass sheet, the intermediate layer, and the inner glass sheet in sequence to form a laminated glass structure; Step 3: heating, evacuating, and / or applying pressure to the laminated glass structure to obtain the windshield, wherein the windshield has the first weakened area.

22. The method for manufacturing a windshield according to claim 21, wherein: The windshield has at least one weakening structure, the weakening structure is located at least in the first weakened area, and the weakening structure is formed by at least one of the following weakening methods: (1) introducing an internal defect between the first surface and the second surface using a laser weakening method; (2) introducing an internal defect between the third surface and the fourth surface using a laser weakening method; (3) forming microcracks on the second surface by a physical friction weakening method; (4) A chemical etching weakening method is used to form fracture lines on the second surface.

23. The method for manufacturing a windshield according to claim 21, wherein: The curved outer glass sheet and inner glass sheet are obtained by subjecting flat glass to a heating and softening step, a bending and forming step, and an annealing step, wherein the heating and softening step, the bending and forming step, and the annealing step satisfy at least one of the following conditions: (1) The heating temperature of the heating and softening step is 660° C. to 750° C.; (2) The heating and softening step uses a convection heating method to soften the flat glass; (3) The heating and softening step uses a convection heating method and a radiation heating method to soften the flat glass; (4) in the heating and softening step, the surface of the flat glass having a lower tin oxide concentration faces the heating element; (5) In the heating and softening step, the heating and softening time of the outer glass plate is greater than the heating and softening time of the inner glass plate; (6) In the bending step, the temperature of the bending mold for bending the flat glass is greater than or equal to 500° C.; (7) During the annealing step, the blowing pressure of the outer glass sheet is lower than the blowing pressure of the inner glass sheet; (8) In the annealing step, the annealing time of the outer glass sheet is greater than the annealing time of the inner glass sheet.

24. The method for manufacturing a windshield according to claim 21, wherein: Before forming the laminated glass structure, the intermediate layer undergoes humidity control treatment or stretching treatment. The moisture content of the intermediate layer after humidity control treatment is 0.3%-0.4% or 0.6%-0.7%. The thickness of the intermediate layer in the first weakened zone after stretching treatment is 0.38mm-0.6mm.

Images