A cutting device and a cutting method for exciting the expansion of inherent micro-crack groups of hard rock

Abstract

The application provides a kind of to stimulate hard rock inherent micro crack group extension and open up device and open up method, belong to roadway excavation technical field.Solve the current hard rock roadway drivage efficiency low problem.Its technical scheme is: including cracking mechanism, cutting arm mechanism, cutting mechanism, driving mechanism and support frame, support frame is installed in the front end of the rotary support of the heading machine, cutting arm mechanism is connected with support frame, cutting mechanism is arranged at the end of cutting arm mechanism away from support frame, cracking mechanism is rotationally arranged on cutting arm mechanism for cracking hard rock, driving mechanism is connected with cracking mechanism, cutting arm mechanism, cutting mechanism and support frame respectively, driving mechanism is used to drive cutting arm mechanism to pitch and swing and drive cracking mechanism to swing around cutting arm mechanism to change position.The beneficial effects of the application are: the application first cracks the inherent micro crack group of the hard rock roadway by the cracking mechanism, and then cuts the hard rock by the cutting mechanism, improving the cutting efficiency of the hard rock roadway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel excavation technology, and in particular to an excavation device and method for stimulating the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, various tunneling machines are commonly used equipment in tunnel excavation for railways, highways, and mines. When the rock hardness is lower than Protodyakonov's hardness of 10, the wear of the cutting teeth is low, whether it is a horizontal or vertical shaft tunneling machine, and the cost of the cutting teeth wear is still tolerable. However, when the Protodyakonov's hardness is greater than 10, the wear of the cutting teeth is too large, and the corresponding cost per unit tunnel depth is too high.

[0003] In related technologies, the stripping force applied to hard rock by the cutting teeth of current tunneling machines is mainly static. Static force has little effect on the expansion of microcracks inside hard rock. The cutting teeth apply pressure and relative motion to the hard rock, which generates friction. Friction causes shear failure of hard rock, accompanied by grinding and breakage. During operation, the cutting teeth will wear. The higher the hardness of the rock, the more severe the wear on the cutting teeth. This will seriously affect the tunneling efficiency and significantly increase the excavation cost.

[0004] When excavating hard rock tunnels, how to improve excavation efficiency and reduce excavation costs is the problem that this invention aims to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tunneling device and method for stimulating the expansion of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock. It utilizes the characteristic that inherent microcrack clusters objectively exist inside the rock. The method involves first using a fracturing mechanism to strike the hard rock in the tunnel to stimulate the expansion of the inherent microcrack clusters, thereby weakening the hard rock. Then, a cutting mechanism is used to cut the hard rock, making it easier to cut off the rock and ensuring that the blocks are of suitable size for transport by the tunneling machine, thus improving the cutting efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: a drilling device for stimulating the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock, comprising a fracturing mechanism, a cutting arm mechanism, a cutting mechanism, a drive mechanism, and a support frame. The support frame is connected to the front of the slewing support structure of a tunneling machine. The cutting arm mechanism is connected to the support frame. The cutting mechanism is disposed at the end of the cutting arm mechanism away from the support frame. The fracturing mechanism is rotatably mounted on the cutting arm mechanism. The fracturing mechanism is used to fracture hard rock. The drive mechanism is connected to the fracturing mechanism, the cutting arm mechanism, the cutting mechanism, and the support frame. The drive mechanism is used to drive the pitching and swinging motion of the cutting arm mechanism, the telescopic movement of the cutting mechanism, and the rotation of the cutting head, the striking motion of the fracturing mechanism, and the swinging motion of the fracturing mechanism around the cutting arm mechanism.

[0007] In practical use, the invention works as follows: the driving mechanism rotates the fracturing mechanism to the left side of the cutting arm mechanism, whereby the fracturing mechanism fractures the hard rock on the left side of the tunnel. Then, the driving mechanism rotates the fracturing mechanism to the right side of the cutting arm mechanism, whereby the cutting mechanism cuts the fractured hard rock. The tunneling machine then moves the cutting arm mechanism to the right. During this movement, the fracturing mechanism intermittently fractures the hard rock from left to right, while the cutting mechanism simultaneously cuts the impacted hard rock to the right. After the fracturing mechanism fractures the hard rock at the rightmost position of the tunnel, the driving mechanism swings the fracturing mechanism to the lower side of the cutting arm mechanism, whereby the cutting mechanism cuts the hard rock at the rightmost position. In this way, the cutting of the upper layer of hard rock in the tunnel is completed. Then, the same method is used to fracture and cut the hard rock at different heights layer by layer. This invention uses a fracturing mechanism to strike hard rock in the tunnel, stimulating the expansion of inherent microcrack clusters in the hard rock, thus weakening its strength. A cutting mechanism then cuts the hard rock, making it easier to remove and improving cutting efficiency. It also reduces wear on the cutting teeth.

[0008] Furthermore, the fracturing mechanism includes a pair of impact hammer assemblies. Each impact hammer assembly includes a main cylinder, an impact drill rod, a drill rod sleeve, a limiting pin, a support cylinder, a silencer sleeve, an impact plunger, a buffer cylinder, and an impact hydraulic system. The main cylinder is rotatably mounted on the cutting arm mechanism. The buffer cylinder is located at one end of the main cylinder near the support frame. One end of the impact plunger is located within the buffer cylinder, and the impact plunger is slidably mounted within the main cylinder. A forward oil outlet chamber and a rear forward oil outlet chamber are formed between the main cylinder and the impact plunger. The forward and rear forward oil outlet chambers are connected to the inlet and outlet oil passages of the impact hydraulic system. The impact hydraulic system is used to drive the impact plunger to reciprocate within the main cylinder. The support cylinder is coaxially fixed at one end of the main cylinder away from the support frame. The drill rod sleeve is engaged within the support cylinder. The impact drill rod is slidably disposed within the drill rod sleeve. The impact plunger and the impact drill rod are coaxially disposed. The impact plunger is used to impact the impact drill rod. The limiting pin is engaged within the inner wall of the drill rod sleeve. A limiting groove is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the impact drill rod. The limiting pin is located within the limiting groove. The silencing sleeve is disposed within the main cylinder. Both ends of the silencing sleeve abut against the inner walls of the drill rod sleeve and the main cylinder, respectively.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, during the operation of the impact hammer, the hydraulic system alternately supplies pressurized oil to the forward and rear oil chambers, driving the impact plunger to strike the impact rod, thereby causing the impact rod to fracture the hard rock. The silencing sleeve plays a role in noise reduction and vibration damping. During the impact on hard rock, the reaction force on the impact rod is transmitted to the impact plunger, causing the impact plunger to rebound. The buffer cylinder can buffer the impact plunger, improving the stability of the impact hammer assembly. Because the limiting pin is located in the limiting groove, it limits the range of motion of the impact rod, reducing the possibility of the impact rod disengaging from the main cylinder.

[0010] Furthermore, the impact hydraulic system includes two sets of accumulators, a T-junction, an impact directional valve, and a relief valve, wherein...

[0011] The T-type connector has three ports: one port is the input end connected to the oil source, the second port is connected to the energy storage device, and the third port is connected to the input end of the impact reversing valve.

[0012] The output end of the strike-type reversing valve is connected to the first inlet / outlet oil chamber and the second inlet / outlet oil chamber, respectively.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, when the impact hydraulic system is working, the hydraulic oil is delivered to the T-type passage joint by the oil pump. When the valve core of the impact directional valve is in the neutral position, the hydraulic oil enters the accumulator. When there is overpressure, the relief valve overflows. When the two impact directional valves switch to the left, the pressure oil from the pump and the pressure oil in the accumulator flow into the first inlet / outlet chamber, and the oil in the second inlet / outlet chamber flows back to the oil tank. When the two impact directional valves switch to the right, the pressure oil from the pump and the pressure oil in the accumulator flow into the second inlet / outlet chamber, and the oil in the first inlet / outlet chamber flows back to the oil tank, alternating in a cycle. Using two sets of independent impact directional valves and two accumulators, the impact and return of a pair of impact plungers operate independently. This not only weakens the strong correlation in the dynamics of the hydraulic system, but also allows one of the impact hammers to be controlled independently for necessary fracturing operations. The differential equation of the impact plunger dynamics of this hydraulic system is that the displacement variables appear in polynomial form in the denominator.

[0014] Furthermore, the two impact hammer assemblies strike each other in an alternating motion.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when one impact hammer assembly moves forward to crack hard rock, the other impact hammer assembly moves back. This method can significantly offset the impact of axial hydraulic pressure on the cutting arm mechanism and improve the stability of the impact mechanism in cracking hard rock.

[0016] Furthermore, the cutting arm mechanism includes a main support cylinder, a rear support sleeve for the impact hammer, a rear support beam for the impact hammer, a slewing assembly, a front support beam for the impact hammer, a front retaining ring for the impact hammer, and a rear support assembly, wherein...

[0017] The rear support assembly is connected to the drive mechanism, and the rear support assembly is rotatably connected to the support frame;

[0018] The main support tube and the rear support assembly are fixedly connected at the ends away from the support frame, and the cutting mechanism is disposed inside the main support tube;

[0019] The rear support beam of the impact hammer is rotatably sleeved on the main support cylinder, and the cracking mechanism is fixed on the rear support beam of the impact hammer.

[0020] The front support beam of the impact hammer is rotatably sleeved on the main support long cylinder, the front support beam of the impact hammer and the rear support beam of the impact hammer are fixedly connected, and the cracking mechanism is fixed on the front support beam of the impact hammer.

[0021] The rear support sleeve of the impact hammer is sleeved and fixed on the main support long cylinder, and the rear support sleeve of the impact hammer abuts against the end of the rear support beam of the impact hammer away from the front support beam of the impact hammer.

[0022] The front retaining ring of the impact hammer is sleeved and fixed on the main support long cylinder, and the front retaining ring of the impact hammer abuts against the end of the front support beam of the impact hammer away from the rear support beam of the impact hammer.

[0023] The slewing assembly is connected to the rear support beam of the impact hammer and the main support cylinder, respectively. The drive mechanism controls the slewing of the slewing assembly, thereby driving the rear support beam of the impact hammer to swing.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the cutting mechanism is supported by the front and rear support beams of the impact hammer. When the position of the splitting mechanism needs to be adjusted, the drive mechanism controls the rotation component to move, thereby causing the front and rear support beams of the impact hammer to swing on the main support cylinder. This, in turn, causes the splitting mechanism to swing around the main support cylinder, thus achieving the adjustment of the splitting mechanism's angle. The rear support sleeve and the front retaining ring of the impact hammer limit the movement of the front and rear support beams, preventing them from axially shifting on the main support cylinder.

[0025] Furthermore, the rotary assembly includes a fixed arc-shaped block and a follower arc-shaped block. A closed rotary oil cavity is formed between the rear support beam of the impact hammer and the inner ring of the oil cavity. Both the fixed arc-shaped block and the follower arc-shaped block are located within the rotary oil cavity. The fixed arc-shaped block and the inner ring of the oil cavity are both fixed on the main support cylinder. The fixed arc-shaped block separates the rotary oil cavity. The follower arc-shaped block is fixed on the rear support beam of the impact hammer and separates the rotary oil cavity. The cutting arm mechanism also includes multiple oil nozzles. The multiple oil nozzles are fixed on the main support cylinder. The oil nozzles are connected to the rotary oil cavity. The drive mechanism includes a rotary hydraulic system that supplies oil into the rotary oil cavity. The rotary hydraulic system is connected to the oil nozzles.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, when it is necessary to adjust the position of the fracturing mechanism, the rotary hydraulic system delivers hydraulic oil to the rotary oil chamber through the oil nozzle, so that a pressure difference is formed between the sealed oil chambers on both sides of the follower arc block, causing the follower arc block to rotate, thereby driving the fracturing mechanism to swing around the main support cylinder. The swing angle of the follower arc block can be controlled by the rotary hydraulic system.

[0027] Furthermore, the drive mechanism includes a pitch cylinder, the two ends of which are hinged to the support frame and the rear support assembly, respectively.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, when the piston rod of the pitch cylinder extends and retracts, it drives the cutting arm mechanism to pitch and swing around the support frame, thereby completing the top-down fracturing and cutting of the roadway layers. The left and right swinging of the cutting arm mechanism is realized by the slewing support mechanism in the tunneling machine, thereby completing the left and right reciprocating fracturing and cutting in the width direction of the roadway.

[0029] Furthermore, the cutting mechanism includes a cutting head, a drive shaft, a telescopic cylinder assembly, a drive motor, a reducer, a spline sleeve, and a pair of telescopic hydraulic cylinders, wherein...

[0030] The telescopic cylinder assembly is inserted inside the main support cylinder;

[0031] The drive shaft is rotatably mounted inside the main support cylinder;

[0032] The cutting head is connected to the end of the drive shaft away from the support frame;

[0033] The drive motor is installed inside the main support cylinder;

[0034] The reducer is installed inside the main support cylinder, and the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the input shaft of the reducer;

[0035] The spline sleeve is fitted onto the spline shaft of the drive shaft, and the spline sleeve is fixedly connected to the spline output shaft of the reducer;

[0036] The axes of the pair of telescopic cylinders are arranged parallel to the axis of the telescopic cylinder assembly, and the two ends of the telescopic cylinders are respectively connected to the main support cylinder and the telescopic cylinder assembly.

[0037] By adopting the above technical solution, when the cutting mechanism is working, the drive motor rotates, the speed is reduced and the torque is increased through the reducer, and the transmission shaft is driven to rotate through the spline sleeve, thereby driving the cutting head to rotate and cut. The distance between the cutting head and the hard rock can be adjusted by the telescopic cylinder, which makes it easy to adjust the cutting depth.

[0038] Furthermore, the telescopic cylinder assembly includes a telescopic outer cylinder, a telescopic inner cylinder, a first connecting support plate, a second connecting support plate, a supporting inner cylinder, and a cylinder front support, wherein,

[0039] The telescopic outer cylinder is inserted inside the main support long cylinder;

[0040] The telescopic inner cylinder and the telescopic outer cylinder are coaxially arranged. The two sides of the first connecting support plate are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the telescopic outer cylinder and the outer wall of the telescopic inner cylinder, respectively. The two sides of the second connecting support plate are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the telescopic outer cylinder and the outer wall of the telescopic inner cylinder, respectively. The first connecting support plate and the second connecting support plate are respectively arranged near the two ends of the telescopic outer cylinder.

[0041] The front support of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the inner wall of the telescopic outer cylinder, and the end of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is connected to the front support of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0042] The supporting inner cylinder is detachably connected inside the telescopic inner cylinder, and the drive shaft is coaxially rotatably disposed inside the supporting inner cylinder.

[0043] By adopting the above technical solution, the telescopic cylinder assembly has more hollowed-out parts, which not only has sufficient structural strength, but also makes the overall structure lighter, easier to manufacture, and saves on materials.

[0044] To better achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention also provides a method for excavation, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1. The drive mechanism drives the fracturing mechanism to rotate to the left side of the cutting arm mechanism. The fracturing mechanism strikes three positions on the left side of the roadway, stimulating the expansion of the inherent microcrack clusters in the hard rock.

[0046] S2, The drive mechanism drives the splitting mechanism to swing 180° around the cutting arm mechanism (2);

[0047] S3. The cutting mechanism drills to a cutting depth from the left side of the roadway, and the cutting mechanism cuts the hard rock in the roadway;

[0048] S4. The fracturing mechanism intermittently impacts the hard rock to the right, while the cutting mechanism simultaneously cuts the hard rock to the right until the fracturing mechanism moves to the far right of the roadway.

[0049] S5. The drive mechanism drives the splitting mechanism to rotate 90° clockwise around the cutting arm mechanism;

[0050] S6. The cutting mechanism continues to cut hard rock to the right until the cutting of hard rock at the same height in the tunnel is completed.

[0051] S7. The cutting mechanism strikes the hard rock on the right side below the cutting arm mechanism;

[0052] S8. The cutting arm mechanism moves to the next row, and the drive mechanism drives the fracturing mechanism to rotate 90° clockwise around the cutting arm mechanism. The fracturing mechanism strikes intermittently to the left, while the cutting mechanism simultaneously cuts hard rock to the left until the fracturing mechanism moves to the far left of the roadway.

[0053] S9. The fracturing mechanism rotates 90° counterclockwise and moves to the lower side of the cutting arm mechanism. The fracturing mechanism strikes the hard rock below, and the cutting mechanism continues to cut the hard rock to the left until the cutting of the hard rock at that height is completed.

[0054] S10. The splitting mechanism rotates 90° counterclockwise and moves to the right side of the cutting arm mechanism;

[0055] S11. Repeat S4-S10 to fracture and cut the hard rock layer by layer.

[0056] By adopting the above technical solution, the fracturing mechanism and the cutting mechanism work synchronously. The cutting mechanism cuts the hard rock that has been fractured by the fracturing mechanism, significantly improving the efficiency of hard rock cutting. Furthermore, the fracturing mechanism can swing around the cutting arm mechanism, ensuring that the cutting mechanism can easily cut corners in the tunnel. This excavation method allows for continuous movement of the cutting arm mechanism, the cutting mechanism, and the fracturing mechanism, resulting in high hard rock cutting efficiency.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0058] 1. This invention creates a fracturing mechanism. During the rock breaking process, the fracturing mechanism is first used to strike the hard rock in the tunnel to stimulate the expansion of the inherent microcracks in the hard rock, which makes the strength of the hard rock worse. Then, the cutting mechanism is used to cut the hard rock, making the hard rock easier to cut off and helping to improve the cutting efficiency.

[0059] 2. The two impact hammer assemblies of the present invention strike each other in an alternating motion. When one impact hammer assembly strikes hard rock forward, the other impact hammer assembly performs a reverse reset motion. This method can significantly offset the impact of axial hydraulic pressure on the cutting arm mechanism, reduce the size of related parts in the cutting arm mechanism, and improve the stability of the whole machine.

[0060] 3. The fracturing mechanism of the present invention can swing and reposition around the cutting arm mechanism via a drive mechanism, facilitating the adjustment of the fracturing mechanism's striking position. After the fracturing mechanism strikes the hard rock at the edge of the tunnel, it swings around the cutting arm mechanism, avoiding the cutting mechanism, allowing the cutting mechanism to cut the hard rock at the tunnel edge. During operation, there is no interference between the cutting mechanism and the fracturing mechanism, which helps to improve the cutting efficiency of hard rock.

[0061] 4. The present invention sets PTFE sound-absorbing sleeves between the drill rod and the front cylinder and between the drill rod and the middle cylinder, so that the noise of the plunger impacting the drill rod is reduced when it propagates outward. Its effect is equivalent to the reflective sound barriers installed on both sides of the road, which reduces the impact noise. Attached Figure Description

[0062] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0063] Figure 1 This is a front view of a tunneling device according to an embodiment of the present invention, which first stimulates the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock and then excavates and cuts the tunnel components.

[0064] Figure 2This is a side view of a component of a tunneling device for inducing the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device moves down one layer to first induce the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock before excavating and cutting the tunnel.

[0065] Figure 3 This is a top view of the cutting arm mechanism and the splitting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 4 This is a front view of the cutting arm mechanism and the splitting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the front cutting arm, the rear cutting arm, and a pair of pitch cylinder assemblies according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 6 This is a left view of the connection assembly between the rear cutting arm and the tunneling machine chassis according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the fixed arc-shaped block, the rear support beam of the impact hammer, and the main support long cylinder assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the left-side nozzle assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the follower arc-shaped block, the rear support beam of the impact hammer, and the main support long cylinder assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the right-side nozzle assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of a single hammer assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] Figure 12 This is a structural diagram of two impact hammer assemblies and the front and rear support beams of the impact hammers, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0075] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic system for impact and rotational displacement of the cracking mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0076] Figure 14 This is a structural diagram of the cutting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0077] Figure 15 This is a diagram of the main support cylinder of the cutting head, the planetary reducer, and the telescopic hydraulic cylinder assembly, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0078] Figure 16 This is a structural diagram of the drive motor installed inside the main support cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0079] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating the action plan for stimulating the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in the left side of the first layer of hard rock in a roadway, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0080] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating the action plan for continuing to stimulate the propagation and truncation of the inherent microcrack clusters in the first layer of hard rock in the tunnel to the right, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0081] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating the action plan for inducing microcrack cluster propagation and truncation during the transposition from the first layer to the second layer, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0082] Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating the action plan for the propagation and truncation of the inherent microcrack cluster in the second layer of hard rock in the left-hand induced tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0083] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Fracturing mechanism; 11. Impact hammer assembly; 111. Main cylinder; 112. Impact drill rod; 113. Drill rod sleeve; 114. Limiting pin; 115. Support cylinder; 116. Silencing sleeve; 117. Impact plunger; 118. Buffer cylinder; 119. Impact hydraulic system; 1191. Energy accumulator; 1192. T-type passage connector; 1193. Impact directional valve; 1194. Relief valve; 2. Cutting arm mechanism; 21. Main support cylinder; 22. Impact hammer rear support sleeve; 23. Impact hammer rear support beam; 24. Rotation assembly; 241. Fixed arc block; 242. Follower arc block; 25. Impact hammer front support beam; 26. Impact hammer front retaining ring; 27. Rear support assembly; 271. Front support ring; 272. Rear connecting cylinder; 273. Rear support of the rear section. 274. Support plate; 275. Rear section front support ear; 28. Rear section rear support ear; 29. ​​Inner ring of oil chamber; 20. Oil nozzle; 291. Oil supply passage to the left oil nozzle; 292. Oil supply passage to the upper oil nozzle; 293. Rotation reversing valve; 3. Cutting mechanism; 31. Cutting head; 32. Drive shaft; 33. Telescopic cylinder assembly; 331. Telescopic outer cylinder; 332. Telescopic inner cylinder; 333. First connecting support plate; 334. Second connecting support plate; 335. Support inner cylinder; 336. Front support of oil cylinder; 34. Drive motor; 35. Reducer; 36. Spline sleeve; 37. Telescopic oil cylinder; 4. Drive mechanism; 41. Pitch oil cylinder; 42. Rotation hydraulic system; 5. Support frame; 6. Rotation oil chamber; 7. First inlet / outlet oil chamber; 8. Second inlet / outlet oil chamber; 9. Limiting groove; 10. Rear support of telescopic oil cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0084] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0085] Example:

[0086] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides a technical solution as follows: a drilling device for stimulating the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock, comprising a fracturing mechanism 1, a cutting arm mechanism 2, a cutting mechanism 3, a drive mechanism 4, and a support frame 5. The support frame 5 is mounted on the rotary support structure of the tunneling machine. The cutting arm mechanism 2 and the support frame 5 are rotatably connected. The cutting mechanism 3 is located at the outer end of the cutting arm mechanism 2 away from the support frame 5. The fracturing mechanism 1 is rotatably mounted on the cutting arm mechanism 2 and is used to fracture hard rock. The drive mechanism 4 is connected to the fracturing mechanism 1, the cutting arm mechanism 2, the cutting mechanism 3, and the support frame 5 respectively. The drive mechanism 4 is used to drive the cutting arm mechanism 2 to pitch and swing, to drive the cutting mechanism 3 to extend and retract, and to drive the fracturing mechanism 1 to swing around the cutting arm mechanism 2. The left and right swing of the cutting arm mechanism 2 is achieved by the rotary support mechanism in the tunneling machine.

[0087] When excavating a tunnel, the machine first starts from the upper left corner and advances to the right to a certain depth. This releases the pressure from the top of the rock, allowing it to drop a short distance before continuing from right to left. This cycle repeats to complete one cutting depth. During this cutting depth, the tunnel boring machine's chassis remains stationary to save time spent on chassis repositioning. When moving to the next cutting depth, the chassis moves forward by one cutting depth.

[0088] Specifically, in actual operation, the drive mechanism 4 drives the fracturing mechanism 1 to rotate to the left side of the cutting arm mechanism 2. The fracturing mechanism 1 fractures the hard rock on the left side of the roadway. Then, the drive mechanism 4 drives the fracturing mechanism 1 to swing counterclockwise to the right side of the cutting arm mechanism 2. Then, the cutting mechanism 3 cuts the fractured hard rock. After that, the slewing support mechanism in the tunneling machine drives the cutting arm mechanism 2 to swing to the right. During the swing, the fracturing mechanism 1 intermittently fractures the hard rock from left to right, and the cutting mechanism 3 simultaneously cuts the fractured hard rock to the right to a set depth. When the fracturing mechanism 1 fractures the hard rock near the rightmost position of the roadway, the drive mechanism 4 drives the fracturing mechanism 1 to swing clockwise to the lower side of the cutting arm mechanism 2. Then, the cutting mechanism 3 cuts the hard rock at the rightmost position. In this way, the fracturing and cutting of the upper layer of hard rock in the roadway is completed. Then, the same method is used to fracture and cut the hard rock layer by layer downwards. This invention uses a fracturing mechanism 1 to strike the surface of hard rock in the tunnel, thereby stimulating the expansion of inherent microcracks in the hard rock and weakening its strength. Then, a cutting mechanism 3 cuts the hard rock, making it easier to remove and improving cutting efficiency. This also reduces wear on the cutting teeth of the cutting mechanism 3.

[0089] It should be added that the slewing support mechanism and the corresponding hydraulic cylinder in the tunneling machine drive the excavation device described in this invention to swing left and right. Therefore, the cutting head 31 moves spherically relative to the body of the tunneling machine, and the cutting surface of the tunnel is theoretically a concave spherical surface.

[0090] Reference Figures 2 to 5 The cutting arm mechanism 2 includes a main support cylinder 21, a rear support sleeve for the impact hammer 22, a rear support beam for the impact hammer 23, a slewing assembly 24, a front support beam for the impact hammer 25, a front retaining ring for the impact hammer 26, a rear support assembly 27, an inner ring for the oil chamber 28, and two oil nozzles 29.

[0091] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The rear support assembly 27 includes a rear front support ring 271, a rear connecting cylinder 272, a rear rear support plate 273, two rear front support ears 274, and two rear rear support ears 275. The rear connecting cylinder 272 has a square cylindrical structure. The rear front support ring 271 and the rear rear support plate 273 are respectively welded to both ends of the rear connecting cylinder 272. The two rear rear support ears 275 are welded to the side of the rear rear support plate 273 away from the rear connecting cylinder 272. The two rear rear support ears 275 and the support frame 5 are rotatably connected by pins. The two rear front support ears 274 are welded to the side of the rear front support ring 271 near the rear connecting cylinder 272, and the two rear front support ears 274 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the rear connecting cylinder 272. The drive mechanism 4 includes two pitch cylinders 41. The piston rods of the two pitch cylinders 41 are rotatably mounted on the two rear section front support lugs 274 via pins. The cylinder bodies of the two pitch cylinders 41 are hinged to the support frame 5 via pins. The pitching and swinging of the rear section support assembly 27 about the support frame 5 is achieved by the action of the pitch cylinders 41.

[0092] The main support cylinder 21 of the cylindrical structure is detachably mounted on the end of the rear section front support ring 271 away from the rear section connecting cylinder 272 by bolts. The rear support beam 23 of the impact hammer is rotatably sleeved on the main support cylinder 21, and the fracturing mechanism 1 is detachably mounted on the rear support beam 23 of the impact hammer. The front support beam 25 of the impact hammer is rotatably sleeved on the main support cylinder 21. The front support beam 25 of the impact hammer and the rear support beam 23 of the impact hammer are fixedly connected, and the fracturing mechanism 1 is detachably mounted on the front support beam 25 of the impact hammer.

[0093] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3The rear support sleeve 22 of the impact hammer is fixed to the main support cylinder 21 by a pin, and abuts against the end of the rear support beam 23 of the impact hammer away from the front support beam 25. The front retaining ring 26 of the impact hammer is fixed to the main support cylinder 21 by a pin, and abuts against the end of the front support beam 25 of the impact hammer away from the rear support beam 23. The rear support sleeve 22 and the front retaining ring 26 limit the movement of the front support beam 25 and the rear support beam 23 of the impact hammer, preventing them from axially moving on the main support cylinder 21.

[0094] Reference Figure 4 The lower middle part of the main support cylinder 21 is fitted with an inner ring 28 for the oil chamber. The inner ring 28 is sealed by a sealing ring and the rear support beam 23 of the impact hammer. A closed rotary oil chamber 6 is formed between the rear support beam 23 of the impact hammer and the inner ring 28. Two oil nozzles 29 on the left and upper sides are fixedly installed on the main support cylinder 21, and the oil nozzles 29 are connected to the rotary oil chamber 6.

[0095] Reference Figures 7 to 10 , Figure 13 The rotary assembly 24 includes a fixed arc-shaped block 241 and a follower arc-shaped block 242, both located within the rotary oil chamber 6. The fixed arc-shaped block 241 is fixedly connected to the main support cylinder 21 via a pin, and the follower arc-shaped block 242 is fixed to the rear support beam 23 of the impact hammer via a pin. The fixed arc-shaped block 241 and the follower arc-shaped block 242 have the same structure. The inner and outer arc-shaped surfaces of the fixed arc-shaped block 241 abut against the outer cylindrical surface of the inner ring 28 of the oil chamber and the inner cylindrical surface of the rear support beam 23 of the impact hammer, respectively. The inner and outer arc-shaped surfaces of the follower arc-shaped block 242 abut against the outer cylindrical surface of the inner ring 28 of the oil chamber and the inner cylindrical surface of the rear support beam 23 of the impact hammer, respectively. Two oil nozzles 29 are located in the chambers on both sides of the fixed arc block 241. The drive mechanism 4 includes a rotary hydraulic system 42 that supplies oil to the rotary oil chamber 6. The oil supply passage 291 of the rotary hydraulic system 42 to the left is connected to the oil nozzle 29 to the left. The oil supply passage 292 of the rotary hydraulic system 42 to the upper oil nozzle is connected to the upper oil nozzle 29. The rotary directional valve 292 is a three-position four-way solenoid directional valve.

[0096] When the position of the fracturing mechanism 1 needs to be adjusted, the rotary hydraulic system 42 delivers hydraulic oil through the nozzle 29 into the rotary oil chamber 6, creating a pressure difference between the sealed cavities on both sides of the follower arc block 242. This causes the follower arc block 242 to rotate within the oil chamber, thereby driving the impact hammer rear support beam 23 and the fracturing mechanism 1 to rotate around the axis of the main support cylinder 21. The rotation angle of the follower arc block 242 can be controlled by the rotary hydraulic system 42. Since how the rotary hydraulic system 42 controls the oil pressure is well known to those skilled in the art, the specific structure of the rotary hydraulic system 42 will not be described in detail here.

[0097] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The fracturing mechanism 1 includes two sets of impact hammer assemblies 11 arranged side by side. The two sets of impact hammer assemblies 11 are detachably mounted on the front support beam 25 and the rear support beam 23 of the impact hammer.

[0098] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 The impact hammer assembly 11 includes a main cylinder 111, an impact drill rod 112, a drill rod sleeve 113, a limit pin 114, a support cylinder 115, a muffler sleeve 116, an impact plunger 117, a buffer cylinder 118, and an impact hydraulic system 119. The main cylinder 111 is detachably mounted on the front support beam 25 and the rear support beam 23 of the impact hammer by means of a pin or bolt. The axes of the main cylinder 111 and the main support cylinder 21 are arranged parallel to each other.

[0099] The buffer cylinder 118 is detachably mounted on one end of the main cylinder body 111 near the support frame 5 via a pin. One end of the impact plunger 117 is located inside the buffer cylinder 118, and the impact plunger 117 is slidably disposed within the main cylinder body 111. A first inlet / outlet oil chamber 7 and a second inlet / outlet oil chamber 8 are formed between the main cylinder body 111 and the impact plunger 117. There are two sets of impact hydraulic systems 119. The first inlet / outlet oil chamber 7 is connected to the first set of impact hydraulic systems 119, and the second inlet / outlet oil chamber 8 is connected to the second set of impact hydraulic systems 119. The system is configured such that when the first inlet / outlet oil chamber 7 receives high-pressure oil, the second inlet / outlet oil chamber 8 is connected to the return oil circuit, and one impact plunger 117 impacts outward while the other impact plunger 117 returns backward. When the second inlet / outlet oil chamber 8 receives high-pressure oil, the first inlet / outlet oil chamber 7 is connected to the return oil circuit, and one impact plunger 117 impacts outward while the other impact plunger 117 returns backward. The two impact plungers 117 in the two sets of impact hammer assemblies 11 alternately impact each other to cancel out most of the impact force.

[0100] A support cylinder 115 is sleeved and fixed to the front end of the main cylinder 111, and the support cylinder 115 and the main cylinder 111 are coaxially arranged. A chisel sleeve 113 is fixed inside the support cylinder 115 by a pin. An impact chisel 112 is slidably disposed inside the chisel sleeve 113. An impact plunger 117 is coaxially arranged with the impact chisel 112. The impact plunger 117 impacts the impact chisel 112, causing the impact chisel 112 to accelerate outward upon impact, thus cracking the hard rock. The outer end of the impact chisel 112 is a spherical cap, which improves the cracking effect on hard rock. A buffer cylinder 118 buffers the return of the impact plunger 117. The buffer cylinder 118 also increases the speed and thus the impact force of the impact plunger 117 as it moves outward.

[0101] The limiting pin 114 is engaged with the inner wall of the drill rod sleeve 113. A limiting groove 9 is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the impact drill rod 112. The limiting groove 9 is an oblong groove, and the limiting pin 114 is located in the limiting groove 9. Since the limiting pin 114 is located in the limiting groove 9, it limits the range of motion of the impact drill rod 112 and prevents the impact drill rod 112 from falling out.

[0102] The muffler sleeve 116 is installed inside the main cylinder 111. The two ends of the muffler sleeve 116 abut against the inner wall of the chisel sleeve 113 and the main cylinder 111, respectively. The muffler sleeve 116 can absorb the noise and vibration generated during the impact on hard rock and improve the stability of the impact hammer assembly 11.

[0103] Reference Figure 13 The impact hydraulic system 119 has two sets of oil circuits. One set supplies oil to one impact plunger 117 to achieve impact and return actions, while the other set supplies oil to another impact plunger 117 to achieve return and impact actions. The impact hydraulic system 119 includes an accumulator 1191, a T-type passage joint 1192, an impact directional valve 1193, and a relief valve 1194. The impact directional valve 1193 is a three-position four-way solenoid directional valve. Pressure oil from the hydraulic pump is supplied to the two T-type passage joints 1192 through pipelines. When the two impact plungers 1193... When the directional valve 1193 is not open, pressurized oil flows into the accumulator 1191. When the oil pressure is higher than the set pressure, the relief valve 1194 overflows. When the two impact directional valves 1193 switch to the left, the pressurized oil from the pump and the pressurized oil in the accumulator 1191 flow into the first inlet / outlet chamber 7, and the oil in the second inlet / outlet chamber 8 flows back to the oil tank. When the two impact directional valves 1193 switch to the right, the pressurized oil from the pump and the pressurized oil in the accumulator 1191 flow into the second inlet / outlet chamber 8, and the oil in the first inlet / outlet chamber 1 flows back to the oil tank, alternating in a cycle. By using two sets of independent impact directional valves 1193 and two accumulators 1191, the impact and return of a pair of impact plungers 117 operate independently, which not only weakens the strong correlation of the hydraulic system in terms of dynamics, but also allows one of the impact hammers to be controlled independently to perform fracturing operations when necessary.

[0104] Reference Figures 14 to 16 The cutting mechanism 3 includes a cutting head 31, a drive shaft 32, a telescopic cylinder assembly 33, a drive motor 34, a reducer 35, a spline sleeve 36, and two telescopic cylinders 37. The telescopic cylinder assembly 33 includes a telescopic outer cylinder 331, a telescopic inner cylinder 332, a first connecting support plate 333, a second connecting support plate 334, a supporting inner cylinder 335, and a cylinder front support 336. The telescopic outer cylinder 331 passes through the main supporting long cylinder 21, and its outer wall abuts against the inner wall of the main supporting long cylinder 21. The two ends of the first connecting support plate 333 and the second connecting support plate 334 are respectively welded to the inner wall of the telescopic outer cylinder 331 and the outer wall of the telescopic inner cylinder 332. The first connecting support plate 333 and the second connecting support plate 334 are respectively positioned close to the two ends of the telescopic outer cylinder 331. The telescopic inner cylinder 332 and the telescopic outer cylinder 331 are coaxially arranged. The front support 336 of the hydraulic cylinder is welded and fixed to the inner wall of the telescopic outer cylinder 331. The rear support 10 of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is welded to the inner wall of the main support cylinder 21. The two ends of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 37 are fixed to the front support 336 and the rear support 10 of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder respectively by pins. The axis of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 37 is parallel to the axis of the main support cylinder 21, and the two telescopic hydraulic cylinders 37 are symmetrically arranged about the axis of the main support cylinder 21. The telescopic cylinder assembly 33 is driven to slide within the main support cylinder 21 by the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 37.

[0105] The inner support cylinder 335 is coaxially fixed inside the telescopic inner cylinder 332 via a pin. The drive shaft 32 is coaxially rotatably mounted inside the inner support cylinder 335 via bearings. The cutting head 31 and the end of the drive shaft 32 away from the support frame 5 are fixedly connected. The rear section of the drive shaft 32 is milled with splines, and a spline sleeve 36 is fitted onto the splines of the drive shaft 32. The spline sleeve 36 and the drive shaft 32 can rotate coaxially. The drive motor 34 is bolted to the end of the main support cylinder 21 away from the cutting head 31. The output shaft of the drive motor 34 is coaxial with the axis of the main support cylinder 21. The reducer 35 is bolted to the main support cylinder 21. The output shaft of the drive motor 34 and the input shaft of the reducer 35 are coaxially fixedly connected. The output shaft of the reducer 35 is a splined shaft, and the splined output shaft of the reducer 35 is coaxially fixedly connected with the spline sleeve 36. The splined output shaft of the reducer 35 and the spline sleeve 36 rotate synchronously. In this embodiment, the reducer 35 is a two-stage planetary reducer.

[0106] When the cutting mechanism 3 is working, the output shaft of the drive motor 34 rotates, which reduces the speed and increases the torque through the reducer 35. This speed reduction, combined with the speed increase, drives the transmission shaft 32 to rotate through the spline sleeve 36, thereby driving the cutting head 31 to rotate. The rotating cutting head 31 then cuts the hard rock. Furthermore, the distance between the cutting head 31 and the hard rock can be adjusted by the telescopic cylinder 37, facilitating the adjustment of the cutting depth. During the movement of the transmission shaft 32 driven by the telescopic cylinder 37, the transmission shaft 32 remains within the spline sleeve 36, ensuring that the transmission shaft 32 and the spline sleeve 36 maintain a synchronous rotation relationship.

[0107] Understandably, the telescopic cylinder assembly 33 uses steel pipes with different inner and outer diameters, which not only have sufficient structural strength, but also have the advantages of being lightweight and easy to manufacture, thus saving materials.

[0108] The implementation principle of a drilling device for stimulating the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: In actual operation, the driving mechanism 4 drives the fracturing mechanism 1 to rotate to the upper left of the cutting arm mechanism 2. The fracturing mechanism 1 fractures the hard rock on the left side of the tunnel. Then, the driving mechanism 4 drives the fracturing mechanism 1 to rotate to the right side of the cutting arm mechanism 2. Then, the cutting mechanism 3 cuts the fractured hard rock. Afterward, the slewing support mechanism in the tunneling machine drives the cutting arm mechanism 2 to move to the right. During the movement, the fracturing mechanism 1 intermittently fractures the hard rock from left to right, and the cutting mechanism 3 simultaneously cuts the fractured hard rock to the right. When the fracturing mechanism 1 fractures the hard rock at the rightmost position of the tunnel, the driving mechanism 4 drives the fracturing mechanism 1 to swing to the lower side of the cutting arm mechanism 2. Then, the cutting mechanism 3 cuts the hard rock at the rightmost position. In this way, the cutting of the upper layer of hard rock in the tunnel is completed. Then, in the same way, the hard rock at different heights is fractured and cut layer by layer. This invention uses a fracturing mechanism 1 to strike the hard rock in the tunnel, thereby stimulating the expansion of the inherent microcrack clusters in the hard rock and weakening its strength. Then, a cutting mechanism 3 cuts the hard rock, making it easier to remove and improving cutting efficiency. This also reduces wear on the cutting teeth in the cutting mechanism 3.

[0109] Reference Figures 17 to 20 The present invention also provides a tunneling method, which uses the tunneling device described above to induce the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock to excavate a tunnel, comprising the following steps:

[0110] S1. The drive mechanism 4 drives the fracturing mechanism 1 to rotate to the left side of the cutting arm mechanism 2. The fracturing mechanism 1 continuously impacts three positions on the upper left of the roadway, stimulating the expansion of the inherent microcrack clusters in the hard rock. During the impact, the two sets of impact hammer assemblies 11 move in opposite directions at the same time. When one set of impact hammer assemblies 11 impacts forward, the other set of impact hammer assemblies 11 returns backward.

[0111] S2, the drive mechanism 4 drives the splitting mechanism 1 to rotate 180° counterclockwise around the cutting arm mechanism 2, so that the splitting mechanism 1 swings to the right side of the cutting arm mechanism 2.

[0112] S3. The slewing support mechanism in the tunneling machine drives the cutting mechanism 3 to move to the upper left of the tunnel. The cutting mechanism 3 drills into the tunnel to a cutting depth from the left side of the tunnel. The cutting mechanism 3 swings to the right to start cutting the hard rock in the tunnel.

[0113] S4. The fracturing mechanism 1 intermittently strikes the hard rock to the right, while the cutting mechanism 3 simultaneously cuts the hard rock to the right until the fracturing mechanism 1 swings to the far right of the tunnel.

[0114] S5. The drive mechanism 4 drives the splitting mechanism 1 to rotate 90° clockwise around the cutting arm mechanism 2, so that the splitting mechanism 1 swings to the bottom of the cutting arm mechanism 2.

[0115] S6. Cutting mechanism 3 continues to cut hard rock to the right until the cutting of hard rock at the same height in the tunnel is completed.

[0116] S7. The fracturing mechanism 1 strikes the hard rock on the right side of the tunnel below the cutting arm mechanism 2.

[0117] S8. The cutting arm mechanism 2 swings to the next row, and the drive mechanism 4 drives the fracturing mechanism 1 to rotate 90° clockwise around the cutting arm mechanism 2, so that the fracturing mechanism 1 swings to the left side of the cutting arm mechanism 2. The fracturing mechanism 1 strikes intermittently to the left, while the cutting mechanism 3 simultaneously cuts the hard rock to the left until the fracturing mechanism 1 swings to the leftmost side of the tunnel.

[0118] S9. The splitting mechanism 1 swings counterclockwise 90° to the lower side of the cutting arm mechanism 2. The splitting mechanism 1 strikes the hard rock at the lower position. The cutting mechanism 3 continues to cut the hard rock to the left until the cutting of the hard rock at that height is completed.

[0119] S10, the splitting mechanism 1 rotates 90° counterclockwise and swings to the right side of the cutting arm mechanism 2.

[0120] S11. Repeat S4-S10 to strike and cut the hard rock layer by layer.

[0121] The above steps achieve the impact and cutting operation at one cutting depth in the tunnel, and the same method is used to continue excavating the tunnel to the next cutting depth. In this way, the fracturing mechanism 1 and the cutting mechanism 3 work synchronously. The cutting mechanism 3 cuts the hard rock impacted by the fracturing mechanism 1, resulting in higher efficiency in hard rock cutting. Furthermore, the fracturing mechanism 1 can rotate around the cutting arm mechanism 2, allowing it to avoid the cutting mechanism 3 and ensuring that the cutting mechanism 3 can cut at the corners of the tunnel. This excavation method, with continuous displacement of the cutting arm mechanism 2, the cutting mechanism 3, and the fracturing mechanism 1, achieves high efficiency in hard rock excavation.

[0122] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A chiseling device for inducing the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock, characterized in that, The system includes a splitting mechanism (1), a cutting arm mechanism (2), a cutting mechanism (3), a drive mechanism (4), and a support frame (5). The support frame (5) is connected to the front of the tunneling machine's slewing support structure. The cutting arm mechanism (2) and the support frame (5) are rotatably connected. The front ends of a pair of pitch cylinders in the drive mechanism (4) are rotatably connected to the rear end of the cutting arm mechanism (2), and the rear ends of a pair of pitch cylinders in the drive mechanism (4) are rotatably connected to the support frame (5). The cutting mechanism (3) is located on the cutting arm. The front section of the mechanism (2) has the fracturing mechanism (1) rotatably mounted on one side of the cutting arm mechanism (2). The fracturing mechanism (1) is used to fracture hard rock. The driving mechanism (4) is fixed inside the cutting arm mechanism (2). The driving mechanism (4) drives the cutting head in the cutting mechanism (3) to rotate. The rotary cylinder in the cutting arm mechanism (2) drives the fracturing mechanism (1) to swing and change position. A pair of telescopic cylinders in the cutting arm mechanism (2) drive the cutting head in the cutting mechanism (3) to extend and retract back and forth. The cutting arm mechanism (2) includes a main support cylinder (21), a rear support sleeve for the impact hammer (22), a rear support beam for the impact hammer (23), a slewing assembly (24), a front support beam for the impact hammer (25), a front retaining ring for the impact hammer (26), and a rear support assembly (27), wherein, The rear support assembly (27) is connected to the drive mechanism (4), and the rear support assembly (27) is rotatably connected to the support frame (5); The main support cylinder (21) and the rear support assembly (27) are fixedly connected at the end away from the support frame (5), and the cutting mechanism (3) is disposed inside the main support cylinder (21); The rear support beam (23) of the impact hammer is rotatably sleeved on the main support cylinder (21), and the cracking mechanism (1) is fixed on the rear support beam (23) of the impact hammer; The front support beam (25) of the impact hammer is rotatably sleeved on the main support cylinder (21), the front support beam (25) of the impact hammer and the rear support beam (23) of the impact hammer are fixedly connected, and the cracking mechanism (1) is also fixed on the front support beam (25) of the impact hammer. The rear support sleeve (22) of the impact hammer is sleeved and fixed on the main support long cylinder (21), and the rear support sleeve (22) of the impact hammer abuts against the end of the rear support beam (23) of the impact hammer away from the front support beam (25) of the impact hammer; The front retaining ring (26) of the impact hammer is sleeved and fixed on the main support cylinder (21), and the front retaining ring (26) of the impact hammer abuts against the end of the front support beam (25) of the impact hammer away from the rear support beam (23) of the impact hammer; The rotary assembly (24) is connected to the rear support beam (23) of the impact hammer and the inner ring (28) of the oil chamber respectively. The inner ring (28) of the oil chamber is connected to the main support cylinder (21). The drive mechanism (4) controls the rotary assembly (24) to swing, thereby driving the rear support beam (23) of the impact hammer to swing and change position relative to the cutting arm mechanism (2).

2. The excavation device for stimulating the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The splitting mechanism (1) includes a pair of impact hammer assemblies (11), each impact hammer assembly (11) comprising a main cylinder (111), an impact drill rod (112), a drill rod sleeve (113), a limiting pin (114), a support cylinder (115), a silencer sleeve (116), an impact plunger (117), a buffer cylinder (118), and an impact hydraulic system (119). The main cylinder (111) is rotatably disposed on one side of the cutting arm mechanism (2), and the buffer cylinder (118) The impact plunger (117) is located at the rear end of the main cylinder (111), and its rear end is located within the buffer cylinder (118). The impact plunger (117) is slidably disposed within the main cylinder (111). A first inlet / outlet oil chamber (7) and a second inlet / outlet oil chamber (8) are formed between the main cylinder (111) and the impact plunger (117). The first inlet / outlet oil chamber (7) and the second inlet / outlet oil chamber (8) are connected to the oil supply end of the impact hydraulic system (119). The impact hydraulic system (119) is used to drive the impact plunger (117) to reciprocate within the main cylinder (111). The support cylinder (115) is coaxially fixed to the front end of the main cylinder (111). The drill rod sleeve (113) is engaged within the support cylinder (115). The impact drill rod (112) is slidably disposed within the drill rod sleeve (113). The impact plunger (117) and the impact drill rod (112) are coaxially disposed. The plug (117) is used to impact the impact drill rod (112). The limiting pin (114) is engaged with the inner wall of the drill rod sleeve (113). A limiting groove (9) is opened on the outer peripheral wall of the impact drill rod (112). The limiting pin (114) is located in the limiting groove (9). The muffler sleeve (116) is disposed in the main cylinder body (111). The two ends of the muffler sleeve (116) abut against the inner walls of the drill rod sleeve (113) and the main cylinder body (111), respectively.

3. The excavation device for stimulating the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock according to claim 2, characterized in that, The impact hydraulic system (119) is equipped with two independent circuits, including a pair of accumulators (1191), a pair of T-type access joints (1192), a pair of impact directional valves (1193), and a pair of relief valves (1194). The input end of the pair of T-type passage connectors (1192) is connected to the oil source, and one of the two output ports is connected to the energy storage device (1191), and the other is connected to the input end of the impact reversing valve (1193). The input port of the overflow valve (1194) is connected to the oil source pipeline. When the oil pressure is higher than the set pressure, the overflow valve (1194) overflows. When the two impact reversing valves (1193) switch to the left, the pump pressure oil and the pressure oil in the accumulator (1191) flow into the first inlet / outlet oil chamber (7), and the oil in the second inlet / outlet oil chamber (8) flows back to the oil tank. When the two impact reversing valves (1193) switch to the right, the pump pressure oil and the pressure oil in the accumulator (1191) flow into the second inlet / outlet oil chamber (8), and the oil in the first inlet / outlet oil chamber (7) flows back to the oil tank. This alternating cycle causes the pressure oil to drive the impact plunger (117) to reciprocate and impact the impact drill rod (112). The impact drill rod (112) then cracks and expands the inherent microcrack clusters in the hard rock.

4. The excavation device for stimulating the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock according to claim 2, characterized in that, Two impact hammer assemblies (11) move in a synchronous, reverse direction to crack hard rock in order to counteract most of the hydraulic impact force.

5. The excavation device for stimulating the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotary assembly (24) includes a fixed arc-shaped block (241) and a follower arc-shaped block (242). A closed rotary oil cavity (6) is formed between the rear support beam (23) of the impact hammer and the inner ring (28) of the oil cavity. The fixed arc-shaped block (241) and the follower arc-shaped block (242) are both located in the rotary oil cavity (6). The fixed arc-shaped block (241) is fixed to the main support cylinder (21). The fixed arc-shaped block (241) transforms the rotary oil cavity (6) into an arc-shaped oil cavity. The follower arc-shaped block (242) 242) Fixed on the rear support beam (23) of the impact hammer, the follower arc block (242) divides an arc oil chamber into two arc oil chambers. The cutting arm mechanism (2) also includes multiple oil nozzles (29). Two oil nozzles (29) are fixed on the main support cylinder (21). The oil nozzles (29) are connected to the rotary oil chamber (6). The drive mechanism (4) includes a rotary hydraulic system (42) that supplies oil to the rotary oil chamber (6). The rotary hydraulic system (42) is connected to the oil nozzles (29).

6. The excavation device for stimulating the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock according to claim 5, characterized in that, The drive mechanism (4) includes a pair of pitch cylinders (41), the two ends of which are hinged to the support frame (5) and the rear support assembly (27), respectively.

7. A chiseling device for stimulating the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cutting mechanism (3) includes a cutting head (31), a drive shaft (32), a telescopic cylinder assembly (33), a drive motor (34), a reducer (35), a spline sleeve (36), and two telescopic hydraulic cylinders (37), wherein, The telescopic cylinder assembly (33) is inserted inside the main support cylinder (21); The drive shaft (32) is rotatably disposed inside the main support cylinder (21); The cutting head (31) and the drive shaft (32) are connected at the end away from the support frame (5); The drive motor (34) is disposed inside the main support cylinder (21); The reducer (35) is disposed inside the main support cylinder (21), and the output shaft of the drive motor (34) is connected to the input shaft of the reducer (35); The spline sleeve (36) is sleeved on the spline shaft of the transmission shaft (32), and the spline sleeve (36) and the spline output shaft of the reducer (35) are fixedly connected. The axes of the two telescopic cylinders (37) are arranged parallel to the axis of the telescopic cylinder assembly (33), and the two ends of the telescopic cylinders (37) are respectively connected to the main support cylinder (21) and the telescopic cylinder assembly (33).

8. A chiseling device for stimulating the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock according to claim 7, characterized in that, The telescopic cylinder assembly (33) includes a telescopic outer cylinder (331), a telescopic inner cylinder (332), a first connecting support plate (333), a second connecting support plate (334), a supporting inner cylinder (335), and a cylinder front support (336), wherein, The telescopic outer cylinder (331) is inserted inside the main support cylinder (21); The telescopic inner cylinder (332) and the telescopic outer cylinder (331) are coaxially arranged. The two sides of the first connecting support plate (333) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the telescopic outer cylinder (331) and the outer wall of the telescopic inner cylinder (332), respectively. The two sides of the second connecting support plate (334) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the telescopic outer cylinder (331) and the outer wall of the telescopic inner cylinder (332), respectively. The first connecting support plate (333) and the second connecting support plate (334) are respectively arranged close to both ends of the telescopic outer cylinder (331). The front support (336) of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the inner wall of the telescopic outer cylinder (331), and the end of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder (37) is connected to the front support (336); The supporting inner cylinder (335) is detachably connected to the telescopic inner cylinder (332), and the transmission shaft (32) is coaxially rotatably disposed inside the supporting inner cylinder (335).

9. A method for excavating, applicable to the excavation apparatus for stimulating the propagation of inherent microcrack clusters in hard rock as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The steps include the following: S1. The driving mechanism (4) drives the fracturing mechanism (1) to rotate to the left side of the cutting arm mechanism (2). The fracturing mechanism (1) impacts three positions on the left side of the roadway, stimulating the expansion of the inherent microcracks in the hard rock. S2, the drive mechanism (4) drives the splitting mechanism (1) to rotate 180° around the cutting arm mechanism (2); S3, the cutting mechanism (3) drills into the left side of the tunnel to a cutting depth, and the cutting mechanism (3) cuts the hard rock of the tunnel; S4. The fracturing mechanism (1) intermittently impacts the hard rock to the right, and the cutting mechanism (3) simultaneously cuts the hard rock to the right until the fracturing mechanism (1) moves to the far right of the roadway. S5. The drive mechanism (4) drives the splitting mechanism (1) to rotate 90° clockwise around the cutting arm mechanism (2); S6. The cutting mechanism (3) continues to cut hard rock to the right until the cutting of hard rock at the same height in the tunnel is completed. S7. The cutting mechanism (3) impacts the hard rock on the right side below the cutting arm mechanism (2); S8. The cutting arm mechanism (2) moves to the next row, and the driving mechanism (4) drives the fracturing mechanism (1) to rotate 90° clockwise around the cutting arm mechanism (2). The fracturing mechanism (1) intermittently impacts to the left, while the cutting mechanism (3) simultaneously cuts hard rock to the left until the fracturing mechanism (1) moves to the leftmost side of the roadway. S9. The splitting mechanism (1) rotates 90° counterclockwise and moves to the lower side of the cutting arm mechanism (2). The splitting mechanism (1) strikes the hard rock below. The cutting mechanism (3) continues to cut the hard rock to the left until the cutting of the hard rock at that height is completed. S10, the splitting mechanism (1) rotates 90° counterclockwise and moves to the right side of the cutting arm mechanism (2); S11, repeat S4-S10, layer by layer, to break and cut the hard rock, or to excavate.

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