A root and fruit crop digging and drying machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a root and fruit crop digging and turning machine, which comprises a frame, a digging mechanism, a conveying mechanism, a turning and spreading mechanism and a transmission system, wherein a seedling spreading wheel is installed on the left and right sides of the digging mechanism; the conveying mechanism comprises two groups of chain assemblies and a plurality of rods erected therebetween; the turning and spreading mechanism comprises left and right groups of symmetrically installed turning and spreading assemblies; the transmission system comprises an input box, which has a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, and also comprises two first shafts respectively connected to the two ends of the transverse axis; a second shaft parallel to the first shaft and having a transmission relationship is installed on the front side of each first shaft; the second shaft establishes a transmission relationship with the seedling spreading wheel on the corresponding side through a commutator; the end of each first shaft is connected to a first transmission assembly; the two groups of transmission assemblies corresponding to the two first shafts are respectively connected to the shaft ends of the driving sprocket shafts on the rear sides of the two groups of chain assemblies; the shaft ends of the driving sprocket shafts establish a transmission relationship with the turning rollers on the corresponding side through the second transmission assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a root and fruit crop digging and drying machine. Background Art

[0002] For root fruit crops such as peanuts, when harvesting, the roots of the crops need to be dug out, and then the roots and vines need to be turned over and thrown into the ground to dry. After the roots are dried, they are picked up and processed to complete the harvest. In this way, it can avoid the economic losses caused by mold caused by failure to handle the fruits in time after harvest. In the prior art, patent application number 201410141860.7 discloses a peanut harvester, which has a frame, and an excavating device, a conveying device and a laying device are installed on the frame, which can perform the operations of digging, conveying, removing soil and turning over the vines for peanuts. This patent solution has the following disadvantages:

[0003] (1) The two sets of star disks included in the laying device are driven by the middle transmission sprocket. In actual use, the low installation position of the transmission sprocket makes the transmission system design complicated, and the transmission sprocket and the meshing chain are easily entangled in debris during operation;

[0004] (2) The laying strips of the laying device guide the peanut crops to the center, and the extended parts of the laying strips are basically arranged in parallel. In actual operation, after the crops are turned over by the star disk, the laying strips play a relatively limited role in maintaining the posture of the crops. The main role of the laying strips is limited to gathering the crops to the center. Therefore, the turning effect is poor and the laying uniformity is difficult to ensure;

[0005] (3) After the crops are dug up with their roots and put on the conveying device, the posture of the crops is difficult to guarantee, making it difficult to guarantee the posture of the crops when they land after the subsequent seedling turning, and the turning effect is difficult to guarantee. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a root and fruit crop digging and drying machine with a rationally configured drive system.

[0007] Technical Solution: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the root and fruit crop digging and turning machine of the present invention comprises a frame on which a digging mechanism, a conveying mechanism, and a turning and laying mechanism are sequentially mounted from front to back, and further comprises a transmission system, wherein the transmission system comprises an input box having a longitudinal shaft connected to the output shaft of the tractor, and a transverse shaft;

[0008] The left and right sides of the digging mechanism are each equipped with a seedling wheel; the conveying mechanism includes two sets of chain assemblies arranged in parallel, with the front lower and the rear higher, and also includes a plurality of rods equidistantly and laterally erected between the two sets of chain assemblies;

[0009] The seedling turning and laying mechanism includes two groups of symmetrically installed seedling turning and laying components on the left and right, each group of the seedling turning and laying components includes a turning roller with a higher outer side and a lower inner side and a plurality of laying rods extending backward from the turning roller;

[0010] The transmission system includes two first shafts connected to both ends of the transverse shaft respectively; a second shaft is installed on the front side of each first shaft, which is parallel to the first shaft and has a transmission relationship with the second shaft; the second shaft establishes a transmission relationship with the seedling separating wheel on the corresponding side through a commutator;

[0011] The end of each first shaft is connected to a first transmission assembly; the two sets of transmission assemblies corresponding to the two first shafts are respectively connected to the ends of the driving sprocket shafts on the rear sides of the two sets of chain assemblies;

[0012] The shaft end of the driving sprocket shaft establishes a transmission relationship with the turning roller on the corresponding side through the second transmission component.

[0013] Furthermore, the first transmission assembly is a belt assembly.

[0014] Furthermore, the two groups of chain assemblies share the same driving sprocket shaft.

[0015] Furthermore, the second transmission assembly is a chain transmission assembly.

[0016] Furthermore, in the top-view direction, the projections of adjacent spreading rods in the rice seedling turning and laying assembly have an intersection; and all the intersections in the top-view direction corresponding to the rice seedling turning and laying assembly are staggered in the front-to-back direction and / or the left-to-right direction.

[0017] Furthermore, the turning roller includes a central axis and turning wheels arranged in a circular array axially of the central axis; and one of the spreading and drying rods extends between every two adjacent turning wheels.

[0018] Furthermore, each set of the rice seedling turning and spreading assemblies includes a U-shaped bracket fixed to the frame, the U-shaped bracket having a bottom rod and a first side portion and a second side portion placed at both ends of the bottom rod; the first side portion is fixed to the frame; the turning roller is rotatably installed between the first side portion and the second side portion, the bottom rod is located at the bottom of the turning roller, and the spreading rod is connected to the bottom rod.

[0019] Furthermore, the second transmission assembly is connected to the central shaft via a universal joint.

[0020] Furthermore, a roller body located in front of the excavating mechanism is also installed on the frame.

[0021] Furthermore, the excavating mechanism includes an excavating blade, and guide rods extending backward are installed on the rear side and side of the excavating blade.

[0022] Beneficial effects: The root and fruit crop digging and drying machine of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] (1) Its transmission system enables the power connected to the longitudinal shaft to drive the various components of the root and fruit crop digging and turning machine to operate. Through the two first shafts, the power is transmitted to the seedling wheel through the second shaft, and the power is transmitted to the active sprocket shaft through the first transmission components on both sides of the frame. The active sprocket shaft drives the chain component while transferring the power to the turning roller. The above power transmission line distribution is reasonable, which can effectively transmit sufficient power to each component and overcome the irrationality of the transmission system design in the prior art;

[0024] (2) By redesigning the layout of the spreading rods, the crops can move stably along the spreading rods after leaving the turning rollers and land at a specific position, ensuring the turning effect and laying uniformity;

[0025] (3) By setting the roller body and clarifying the position and operation mode of the roller body, the posture of the crop after the crop is dug out with the roots and reaches the conveying device can be guaranteed, the subsequent rice turning operation can be carried out smoothly, and the stability of the rice turning effect can be guaranteed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 Side view of a digging tedder for root and fruit crops;

[0027] Figure 2 A top view of a tedder being dug for root and fruit crops;

[0028] Figure 3 The rear structure diagram of the digging and turning machine for root and fruit crops;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a top view of the structure of the rice seedling turning and laying assembly;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a rear view of the structure of the rice seedling turning and laying assembly;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of crops moving along the drying poles;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the roller body and the supporting wheel part in the preferred embodiment;

[0033] Figure 8 This is the structural diagram of the speed-increasing reversing mechanism.

[0034] In the figure: 10 - frame; 1 - digging mechanism; 11 - digging blade; 12 - guide rod; 2 - conveying mechanism; 21 - chain assembly; 22 - rod; 23 - driving sprocket shaft; 3 - seedling turning and laying mechanism; 3A - seedling turning and laying assembly; 31 - turning roller; 31a - middle shaft; 31b - turning wheel; 32 - laying and drying rod; 33 - U-shaped bracket; 33a - bottom rod; 33b - first side portion; 331 - fixing portion; 332 - first branch; 333 - second branch ; 33c-second side; 34-universal joint; 4-transmission system; 41-input box; 41a-longitudinal axis; 41b-transverse axis; 42-first axis; 43-commutator; 44-first transmission assembly; 441-tensioning wheel; 45-second transmission assembly; 45a-second output shaft; 46-second axis; 47-transmission box; 5-separating wheel; 6-roller body; 7-support wheel; 8-speed increasing and reversing mechanism; 81-speed increasing gear set; 82-reversing gear set. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] like Figure 1-2 The root and fruit crop digging and turning machine shown includes a frame 10, on which a digging mechanism 1, a conveying mechanism 2 and a turning and laying mechanism 3 are installed in sequence from front to back. It also includes a transmission system 4, and the transmission system 4 includes an input box 41. The input box 41 has a longitudinal axis 41a connected to the tractor output shaft, and a transverse axis 41b.

[0037] A seedling wheel 5 is installed on each side of the digging mechanism 1; the conveying mechanism 2 includes two sets of chain assemblies 21 arranged in parallel and with the front lower and the back higher, and also includes a plurality of rods 22 equidistantly and laterally erected between the two sets of chain assemblies 21.

[0038] The seedling turning and laying mechanism 3 includes two groups of symmetrically installed seedling turning and laying components 3A on the left and right. Each group of the seedling turning and laying components 3A includes a turning roller 31 with a high outer side and a low inner side (i.e., the side close to the middle of the frame 10) and a plurality of laying rods 32 extending backward from the turning roller 31.

[0039] The transmission system 4 includes two first shafts 42 respectively connected to the two ends of the transverse shaft 41b; the front side of each first shaft 42 is installed with a second shaft 46 parallel to it and having a transmission relationship, and a transmission box 47 is provided between the first shaft 42 and the second shaft 46 in the figure; the second shaft 46 establishes a transmission relationship with the seedling dividing wheel 5 on the corresponding side through a commutator 43.

[0040] The end of each first shaft 42 is connected to a first transmission assembly 44, and the two sets of first transmission assemblies 44 corresponding to the two first shafts 42 are respectively located on both sides of the frame 10; the two sets of transmission assemblies 43 corresponding to the two first shafts 42 are respectively connected to the shaft ends of the driving sprocket shafts 23 on the rear sides of the two sets of chain assemblies 21; Figure 3 As shown, the shaft end of the driving sprocket shaft 23 establishes a transmission relationship with the turning roller 31 on the corresponding side through the second transmission assembly 45.

[0041] The aforementioned transmission system 4 enables the power supplied by the longitudinal shaft 41a to operate various components of the root and fruit crop digging and turning machine. Power is transmitted to the seedling wheel 5 via the two first shafts 42 via the second shaft 46. This power is then transferred to the driving sprocket shaft 23 via the first transmission assemblies 44 on either side of the frame 10. The driving sprocket shaft 23 simultaneously operates the chain assembly 21 and transfers the power to the turning roller 31. This rationally distributed power transmission circuit ensures sufficient power delivery to various components.

[0042] In this embodiment, the first transmission assembly 44 is a belt assembly. The two groups of chain assemblies 21 share the same driving sprocket shaft 23. The second transmission assembly 45 is a chain transmission assembly.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, in the top-view direction, the projections of adjacent spreading rods 32 in the seedling turning and laying assembly 3A intersect; and all top-view intersections corresponding to the seedling turning and laying assembly 3A are staggered in the front-to-back and / or left-to-right directions. All spreading rods 32 are higher in the front and lower in the back. This structure, by creating a top-view intersection between adjacent spreading rods 32, effectively controls the landing point of crops flipped and thrown from various positions on the turning roller 31. This effectively ensures that the crops, in a flipped position with their roots facing upward and their stalks facing downward, descend along the spreading rods 32 and land at the corresponding top-view intersections, achieving evenly distributed drying of the crops.

[0044] Specifically, to ensure that adjacent laying rods 32 all have intersections, the front and rear ordering of all corresponding laying rods 32 in the rice-turning and laying assembly 3A is completely reversed. That is, if the laying rods 32 are numbered a, b, c, d, e, f, and g, sorted by the front end, the order of all laying rods 32 is a, b, c, d, e, f, and g, but sorted by the rear end, the order of all laying rods 32 in the same direction is g, f, e, d, c, b, and a. Furthermore, the upper multiple laying rods 32 (the first four in this embodiment) gradually converge inward from front to back, while the lower multiple laying rods 32 (the last two in this embodiment) gradually expand outward from front to back. This ensures that all intersections are dispersed in the left-right direction when viewed from above. As shown in the figure, all the laying rods 32 in the rice-turning and laying assembly 3A form six dispersed intersections: p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, and p6.

[0045] In the above structure, since the turning roller 31 is arranged at an angle, all the corresponding laying rods 32 are staggered in the height direction, and the laying rod 32 with the front end located on the outside is higher, while the laying rod 32 with the front end located on the inside is lower. In this way, for two adjacent laying rods 32, since the laying rod 32 closer to the outside is higher and the laying rod 32 closer to the inside is lower, the two laying rods 32 are staggered in the left-right and up-down directions, forming a step structure between the two laying rods 32, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, after the crop is flipped over by the flipping roller 31 and thrown, the crop is in an upside-down state, and its roots are hung on the spreading rod 32 corresponding to the throwing position and move backward along the spreading rod 32. When the crop moves to the intersection position of the spreading rod 32 where it is located and the adjacent spreading rod 32 (higher than the spreading rod 32 where the crop is located), the crop is squeezed away from the spreading rod 32 where it is located by the adjacent spreading rod 32 and falls to the ground. When the crop is squeezed away from the spreading rod 32, the seedling part of the crop has been in contact with the ground, which can effectively ensure the quality of turning the seedlings and make the roots face upward.

[0046] Preferably, the turning roller 31 includes a central axis 31a and turning wheels 31b arranged in a circular array about the axis 31a. A spreading rod 32 extends between every two adjacent turning wheels 31b. This structure allows crops thrown from various parts of the turning roller 31 to move along the spreading rods 32 and fall from various intersections.

[0047] like Figure 5As shown, each set of the seedling turning and spreading assembly 3A includes a U-shaped bracket 33 fixed to the frame 10. The U-shaped bracket 33 has a bottom bar 33a and a first side portion 33b and a second side portion 33c located at either end of the bottom bar 33a. The first side portion 33b is fixed to the frame 10. The turning roller 31 is rotatably mounted between the first side portion 33b and the second side portion 33c, with the first side portion 33b positioned vertically and the second side portion 33c mounted perpendicular to the central axis 31a. The bottom bar 33a is located at the bottom of the turning roller 31, and the spreading rod 32 is connected to the bottom bar 33a. This allows a larger portion of the turning wheel 31b to participate in crop turning.

[0048] The second transmission assembly 45 is connected to the central shaft 31a via a universal joint 34. Figure 3 As shown, the first side portion 33b is "Y"-shaped, having a fixed portion 331 at the bottom, and a first branch 332 and a second branch 333 extending from the upper end of the fixed portion 331. The second output shaft 45a corresponding to the second transmission assembly 45 is rotatably mounted on the first branch 332. The second branch 333 is formed with a strip-shaped hole, and a tensioning pulley 441 capable of adjusting its position along the strip-shaped hole is mounted on the second branch 333. The fixed portion 331 is a sleeve structure that is fixedly mounted on the rear end of the frame 10, making it easy to disassemble. The structural design of the above-mentioned U-shaped bracket 33 is reasonable, meeting the installation requirements of the turning roller 31, the spreading rod 32, and the partial structure of the second transmission assembly 45 that drives the turning roller 31. It also facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the turning and spreading assembly 3A. The left and right turning and spreading assemblies 3A are independently assembled and driven, facilitating subsequent disassembly and maintenance.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the frame 10 is also equipped with a roller body 6 located in front of the digging mechanism 1; the roller body 6 can make the vine part of the crop in front of the digging mechanism 1 tilt forward, and when the root of the crop is dug out by the digging mechanism 1 and the front end of the conveying mechanism 2 acts on the root of the crop, the roller body 6 still maintains its effect on the vine part of the crop, so that after the crop completely reaches the conveying mechanism 2, the posture of the crop is that the root faces the rear and the vine part faces the front, which is convenient for subsequent turning operations. When the turning roller 31 turns the vine, the vine part of the crop will not be caught in the turning roller 31.

[0050] In one embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the roller body 6 plays the role of supporting the front end of the frame 10. In this way, the roller body 6 can also play the role of limiting the digging depth of the digging mechanism 1. However, in this solution, the roller body 6 may roll over the seedling part of the crop.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, Figure 7As shown, support wheels 7 are provided at both ends of the roller body 6. These support wheels 7 provide ground clearance for the roller body 6, and the roller body 6 actively rotates in the opposite direction of rotation of the support wheels, that is, the lower edge of the roller body 6 moves forward, which can generate a forward friction force on the crop, straightening and straightening the crop vines forward, further improving the uniformity of the posture of the dug-out crop after it reaches the conveyor mechanism 2. In a further embodiment, the roller body 6 has multiple groups of combing rods arranged in a circumferential array. These combing rods extend radially along the roller body 6 and are made of a flexible material such as rubber rods. In this way, as the roller body 6 rotates, the combing rods can comb the crop vines. The above structure can solve the problem of controlling the posture of fallen crops after digging, and can comb the vines of crops whose falling direction is inconsistent with the forward direction of the machine so that they extend in the forward direction of the machine.

[0052] Preferably, if Figure 7 As shown, the support wheel 7 drives the roller body 6 to rotate through the speed-increasing reversing mechanism 8, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown, the speed-increasing reversing mechanism 8 includes a speed-increasing gear set 81 and a reversing gear set 82. The speed-increasing gear set 81 includes two pairs of speed-increasing gears, and the reversing gear set 82 includes a coaxially mounted input bevel gear and an output bevel gear. Both the input bevel gear and the output bevel gear mesh with the intermediate bevel gear, so that the input and output bevel gears rotate in opposite directions. This speed-increasing reversing mechanism 8 can make the speed of the roller body 6 higher than that of the support wheel 7, and the direction of rotation of the roller body 6 is opposite to that of the support wheel 7, thus meeting the operating requirements of the roller body 6.

[0053] Preferably, the digging mechanism 1 includes a digging blade 11, and guide rods 12 extending backward are installed on the rear and side of the digging blade 11. The guide rods 12 can guide the roots of the crops dug out by the digging blade 11 to the conveying mechanism 2 after the roots are dug out. The guide rods 12 on the rear side of the digging blade 11 play a limiting role, preventing the crops from slipping out of the working range from both sides.

[0054] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A root and fruit crop digging and turning machine, comprising a frame (10), on which a digging mechanism (1), a conveying mechanism (2), and a turning and laying mechanism (3) are sequentially mounted from front to back, and further comprising a transmission system (4), wherein the transmission system (4) comprises an input box (41), wherein the input box (41) has a longitudinal shaft (41a) connected to a tractor output shaft, and a transverse shaft (41b); The digging mechanism (1) is provided with a seedling wheel (5) on each of its left and right sides; the conveying mechanism (2) comprises two sets of chain assemblies (21) arranged in parallel, with the front lower and the rear higher, and also comprises a plurality of rods (22) equidistantly and laterally arranged between the two sets of chain assemblies (21); The seedling turning and laying mechanism (3) comprises two groups of symmetrically installed seedling turning and laying assemblies (3A) on the left and right, each group of the seedling turning and laying assemblies (3A) comprising a turning roller (31) with a higher outer side and a lower inner side, and a plurality of laying rods (32) extending backward from the turning roller (31); The transmission system (4) comprises two first shafts (42) respectively connected to the two ends of the transverse shaft (41b); a second shaft (46) parallel to the first shaft (42) and having a transmission relationship is installed on the front side of each first shaft (42); the second shaft (46) establishes a transmission relationship with the seedling-separating wheel (5) on the corresponding side through a commutator (43); the end of each first shaft (42) is connected to a first transmission assembly (44); the two groups of the first transmission assemblies (44) corresponding to the two first shafts (42) are respectively connected to the shaft ends of the driving sprocket shafts (23) on the rear sides of the two groups of the chain assemblies (21); the shaft ends of the driving sprocket shafts (23) establish a transmission relationship with the turning roller (31) on the corresponding side through the second transmission assembly (45); Its characteristics are: The turning roller (31) comprises a central axis (31a) and turning wheels (31b) arranged in a circular array on the axial direction of the central axis (31a); a drying rod (32) extends between every two adjacent turning wheels (31b); The rice seedling turning and laying assembly (3A) has 7 laying rods (32), and the front end arrangement of all the laying rods (32) is completely opposite to the rear end arrangement; the laying rods (32) with the front end located on the outside are located higher than the laying rods (32) with the front end located on the inside; the 4 upper laying rods (32) gradually converge inwards from the front to the rear, while the 3 lower laying rods (32) gradually expand outwards from the front to the rear; in the top view, the rice seedling turning and laying assembly All the drying rods (32) included in (3A) form six intersections, namely p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, and p6; among them, the four intersections p1, p2, p3, and p4 are arranged in the order of p4, p3, p2, and p1 from front to back, and in the order of p1, p2, p3, and p4 from the middle to the side; for the two intersections p5 and p6, p6 is in front of p5, and p5 is closer to the side than p6; A step structure is formed between two adjacent drying rods (32). After the crops are flipped and thrown by the flip roller (31), the crops are in an upside-down state, with their roots hanging on the drying rods (32) corresponding to the throwing position and moving backward along the drying rods (32). When the crops move to the intersection position of the drying rod (32) where the crops are located and the adjacent drying rods (32) when viewed from above, the crops are squeezed away from the drying rod (32) where the crops are located by the adjacent drying rods (32) and fall to the ground.

2. The root and fruit crop digging and turning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first transmission assembly (44) is a belt assembly.

3. The root and fruit crop digging and turning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two groups of chain assemblies (21) share the same driving sprocket shaft (23).

4. The root and fruit crop digging and turning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second transmission assembly (45) is a chain transmission assembly.

5. The root and fruit crop digging and turning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each set of the rice seedling turning and spreading assembly (3A) comprises a U-shaped bracket (33) fixed on the frame (10), the U-shaped bracket (33) having a bottom rod (33a) and a first side portion (33b) and a second side portion (33c) disposed at both ends of the bottom rod (33a); the first side portion (33b) is fixed on the frame (10); the turning roller (31) is rotatably mounted between the first side portion (33b) and the second side portion (33c), the bottom rod (33a) is located at the bottom of the turning roller (31), and the spreading rod (32) is connected to the bottom rod (33a).

6. The root and fruit crop digging and turning machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second transmission assembly (45) is connected to the central shaft (31a) via a universal joint (34).

7. The root and fruit crop digging and turning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A roller body (6) located in front of the excavating mechanism (1) is also mounted on the frame (10).

8. The root and fruit crop digging and turning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The digging mechanism (1) comprises an excavating blade (11), and guide rods (12) extending backward are installed on the rear side and side of the excavating blade (11).

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