Standardized propagation method of chrysanthemum indicum

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of plant breeding, and discloses a wild chrysanthemum standardization propagation method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a wild chrysanthemum single plant, establishing a seed orchard, carrying out 'water-soluble gel incubation' sowing, ecological cultivation and harvesting. The present application significantly improves the medicinal material production efficiency in the natural distribution area of wild chrysanthemum, improves the germination rate, seedling emergence rate and seedling emergence uniformity of wild chrysanthemum, greatly meets the product consistency required by large-scale production, and improves the product excellent rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of plant breeding, and particularly relates to a standardized propagation method for wild chrysanthemum. Background Art

[0002] Wild chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum L.) is a variety included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 Edition). In the "Collected Annotations on Herbal Medicine" written by Tao Hongjing in the Liang Dynasty of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was named "bitter coix seed". It is picked when the flowers first bloom in autumn and winter. The dried product is spherical, with a diameter of 0.3 - 1 cm and is brownish-yellow. The involucre consists of 4 - 5 layers of bracts. The ligulate flowers are in 1 row, yellow to brownish-yellow; there are many tubular flowers, which are dark yellow. This medicinal material is light in weight, fragrant in smell, and bitter in taste. It has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, purging fire and calming the liver, and is used for symptoms such as furuncles and carbuncles, red and swollen eyes, headache and dizziness.

[0003] The marker for evaluating the quality of wild chrysanthemum is luteolin-7-O-β-D-rutinoside, which is an active flavonoid glycoside compound. It exists in wild chrysanthemum, buddleja officinalis, mint, and buddleja lindleyana, and is easily soluble in methanol. Luteolin-7-O-β-D-rutinoside is mainly derived from wild chrysanthemum, and the content of luteolin-7-O-β-D-rutinoside in wild chrysanthemum in the Dabie Mountain area at the junction of Anhui, Henan, and Hubei provinces is relatively high. Luteolin-7-O-β-D-rutinoside can reduce the production of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the activities of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases, and at the same time can inhibit inflammasomes. Therefore, it exhibits strong anti-inflammatory activity.

[0004] 1.1 Morphological Characteristics

[0005] Wild chrysanthemum is a perennial herb, 0.25 - 1.00 m tall, with long or short underground stolons. The stem is erect or spreading, branched or only branched in a corymbiform manner at the top of the stem. The leaves are ovate, oblong-ovate or elliptic-ovate, 5 - 10 cm long and 2 - 7 cm wide, pinnatifid, shallowly lobed or with indistinct lobing and serrate margins. The capitulum is 1.2 - 2.3 cm in diameter, and most of them are arranged in a loose corymbose-paniculate inflorescence at the top of the stem branches or a few are arranged in a corymbiform inflorescence at the top of the stem.

[0006] 1.2 Growth Phenology

[0007] Overwintering as a perennial rhizome, the rhizomes continue to develop underground, often serving as winter food for wild boars. In March and April, when the temperature stabilizes above 10℃, the stem nodes distributed around the rhizomes begin to sprout, and with the proliferation of basal buds, numerous fibrous roots grow densely at the base. Initially, the basal buds grow slowly, but growth accelerates after the seedlings reach 10cm in height, and branching begins after the seedlings reach 50cm in height. When daylight hours are shorter than 13.5 hours, nighttime temperatures drop to 15℃, and the diurnal temperature range is greater than 10℃, the plant begins to transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, i.e., flower bud differentiation begins. At this time, the plant stops growing taller and branching. In late September, when daylight hours are shorter than 12.5 hours and nighttime temperatures drop to around 12℃, flower buds begin to form. At this time, the flower organs enter a period of vigorous growth, requiring phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. It enters its peak bloom from mid-to-late October to mid-November, with a flowering period of 28-43 days. The flower heads have a flowering period of 14-21 days, with the initial flowering period of 5-7 days. The flowers bloom sequentially from top to bottom; each flower branch also opens from the tip of the branch downwards.

[0008] 1.3 Ecological conditions of the core production area

[0009] The core production area is the Dabie Mountains, located at the junction of Anhui, Hubei, and Henan provinces in my country, between 30°10′ and 32°30′ north latitude and 112°40′ and 117°10′ east longitude, with an altitude of 300-1500 meters. It belongs to the warm and humid subtropical monsoon climate zone, with an average annual temperature of 14-17.5℃, average annual precipitation of 800-1600 mm, average relative humidity of 70-80%, and average annual sunshine hours of 1400-1600 hours. Wild chrysanthemums require 150-180 days to complete their growth cycle, during which they need 1200-1800 hours of sunlight, 4500-5000℃ of accumulated temperature, and over 800 mm of precipitation. Therefore, the Dabie Mountains are the most suitable cultivation area for wild chrysanthemums. This mainly includes Shucheng, Huoshan, and Jinzhai in Lu'an City, Anhui Province; Xixian, Huangchuan, Luoshan, Shangcheng, Xinxian, and Guangshan in Xinyang City, Henan Province; Hong'an, Macheng, Luotian, Yingshan, and Tuanfeng in Huanggang City, Hubei Province; Guangshui in Suizhou City; and Dawu and Anlu in Xiaogan City.

[0010] 1.4 Breeding Techniques

[0011] (1) Seed propagation: Wild chrysanthemum seeds are small achenes with 5 longitudinal stripes, narrow at the base, 1.5-1.8 mm long, and black or grayish-brown on the surface. The weight of 1000 seeds is about 0.12-0.3 g, with about 4 million seeds per kilogram. The moisture content should be less than 10%. The seeds should be stored at low temperature in winter. Before sowing, the seeds should be treated with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride to reduce the red color to more than 85%. Generally, the seeds are soaked in warm water at 20-28℃ for 12 hours, with the water changed once in between. After soaking in warm water, the seeds are mixed with auxiliary materials before sowing.

[0012] (2) Division propagation: In a plot of land with convenient transportation, select a patch of healthy wild chrysanthemum mother plants in the summer and autumn of the previous year, clear away the surrounding weeds, and after the temperature drops in October, harvest the flower buds and apply sufficient organic fertilizer to prepare for the growth of more and better basal shoots in the following year; in mid-April of the same year, dig out the entire clump of mother plants, cut them from the root neck with a blade, apply wood ash or soak them in aloe vera juice on the wounds, and plant them; if the labor capacity allows and the cultivation quality requirements are high, the container seedlings can be propagated by cuttings, which will take about 20 days to root and be transplanted before mid-May.

[0013] However, the above-mentioned methods of propagating wild chrysanthemum by division result in a very low germination rate when cultivated on a large scale. Summary of the Invention

[0014] This invention provides a standardized propagation method for wild chrysanthemums, which solves the problem of low germination rate in large-scale cultivation of wild chrysanthemums in the prior art.

[0015] A standardized propagation method for wild chrysanthemums includes the following steps:

[0016] Select individual wild chrysanthemum plants to establish a seed garden: Select 2-3 year old disease-free mother plants and transplant them to the seed garden. Harvest wild chrysanthemum seeds according to the color of the ray florets in the inflorescence.

[0017] "Hydrosol incubation" sowing: Harvested wild chrysanthemum seeds are mixed with decomposed sawdust, vermiculite, cork tree powder, and a water-retaining agent, with a volume ratio of wild chrysanthemum seeds: sawdust: vermiculite: cork tree powder: water-retaining agent = 0.55:57.26:38.13:3.00:0.96; sowing is carried out in March-April; wherein, the water-retaining agent is konjac glucomannan-acrylamide-acrylic acid grafted copolymer hydrogel;

[0018] Ecological cultivation: Pinching is carried out from mid-May to late June to ensure that each plant has more than 30 branches;

[0019] Harvesting: Wild chrysanthemums are harvested from late October to late November when the outer ray florets around the capitulum open and 50% of the tubular florets in the center of the flower open, and the color value is quantitatively determined.

[0020] Preferably, when selecting individual wild chrysanthemum plants, the mother plants are collected from different populations more than 6 km apart, requiring the collection of more than 3 populations, and the distance between different mother plants collected from the same population is more than 100 m.

[0021] Preferably, the mother plant is a dried capitulum with a content of ≥1.0% benzoin, ≥0.26% chlorogenic acid, ≥0.2% luteolin, ≥0.07% luteolin, and ≥0.02% apigenin, a capitulum diameter of 0.9-1.3cm, ≥1400 flowers per plant, a flower yield of ≥14g per plant, a plant height of 70-90cm at the end of the stem growing season, and a ground diameter of ≥0.4cm.

[0022] Preferably, before transplanting, the fibrous roots of the wild chrysanthemum mother plant are trimmed and dipped in a mixed solution, wherein the mixed solution is prepared in the following mass ratio: matrine: houttuynia cordata juice: konjac glucomannan = 40-46: 42-44: 8-13.

[0023] Preferably, when using "water-soluble incubation" for sowing, the specific preparation steps of the water-retaining agent are as follows:

[0024] Konjac glucomannan with a purity of over 95%, acrylic acid aqueous solution with a neutralization degree of 80%, and acrylamide aqueous solution with a concentration of 18-25% were prepared separately.

[0025] Preparation of potassium persulfate aqueous solution and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide aqueous solution;

[0026] Preparation of water-retaining agent:

[0027] a. Add konjac glucomannan with a purity of over 95% and water to a reaction vessel, and stir while purging with nitrogen to remove oxygen in a water bath at 40-42℃. The mixture will swell for 60-72 minutes to obtain gelatinized konjac glucomannan. The ratio of konjac glucomannan to water is 1g:200-350mL.

[0028] b. Add deionized water to the gelatinized konjac glucomannan, add potassium persulfate under nitrogen purging and stirring, and react for 6-8 minutes; wherein, konjac glucomannan: potassium persulfate: deionized water = 1g: 1 / 300-1 / 400g: 200mL;

[0029] c. Heat to 60-62℃, add an 80% neutralized acrylic acid aqueous solution, an 18-25% acrylamide aqueous solution, and a crosslinking agent, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, added at 0.058% of the sum of the mass of the acrylic acid and acrylamide aqueous solutions; react under nitrogen protection for 185-200 min; wherein, the mass ratio is konjac glucomannan:acrylic acid:acrylamide = 0.8-1.3:2.5-5:1;

[0030] d. After the reaction is complete, stop the nitrogen gas flow, and stop heating and stirring. Cool to room temperature. Add 5-7 times the volume of 95% ethanol solution to form a precipitate. Continue adding 95% ethanol solution until precipitation is complete. Wash the precipitate.

[0031] e. Filter the sample and vacuum dry the precipitate to constant weight at 50°C to obtain the water-retaining agent of the grafted polymer.

[0032] Preferably, the preparation method of konjac glucomannan with a purity of 95% or higher in 1) is as follows: Konjac flour is dissolved in deionized water, konjac flour:deionized water = 1g:100mL; 95% ethanol is added at a stirring speed of 1200rpm / min until the volume concentration of ethanol in the system reaches 45%, and stirring is continued for 1.5-2.5h. The supernatant is removed by centrifugation, the precipitate is collected, and konjac glucomannan with a purity of 95% or higher is obtained.

[0033] Preferably, the purification method is as follows: add deionized water to the collected precipitate, with a precipitate:deionized water ratio of 1g:100mL; stir at room temperature for 12 hours, then centrifuge to collect the supernatant; repeat the extraction once using the same method, and combine the supernatants from both extractions; concentrate the combined supernatant to 40% volume, cool to room temperature, and add 95% ethanol at a stirring speed of 1600 rpm / min until the ethanol concentration of the system reaches 80%, continue stirring for 1.5-2.5 hours, centrifuge to remove the supernatant, add deionized water to the precipitate until the precipitate dissolves, and stir at room temperature for 12 hours; vacuum concentrate to remove ethanol, dilute and rotary evaporate the concentrated liquid, repeating twice to obtain konjac glucomannan with a purity of over 95%.

[0034] Preferably, during ecological cultivation, an aqueous solution of imazalil·ethoxysulfuron is sprayed after each topping; wherein, the volume ratio of imazalil·ethoxysulfuron:water = 1:1200.

[0035] Preferably, during harvesting, the quantitative determination method is to use a 3nhYD5050 grating spectrophotometer with a 2mm aperture to measure the lightness and darkness chromaticity values ​​L*, red-green chromaticity values ​​a*, and yellow-blue chromaticity values ​​b*, and then convert them into total chromaticity values. In this invention, b* is 28-40. Harvest at 80-96 degrees Celsius.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0037] 1. This invention significantly improves the production efficiency of medicinal materials in the natural distribution area of ​​wild chrysanthemum, improves the germination rate, seedling emergence rate and seedling uniformity of wild chrysanthemum, greatly meets the product consistency required for large-scale production, and improves the product quality rate.

[0038] 2. The water-retaining agent used in this invention has a water absorption ratio of 589.3 g / g and contains boron and molybdenum elements required for the germination of wild chrysanthemum.

[0039] 3. Before transplanting the mother plant, dip the fibrous roots in the mixed solution. The mass ratio of the mixed solution is matrine: houttuynia cordata juice: konjac glucomannan = 40-46: 42-44: 8-13. This protects the root system of the mother plant, especially the wounded areas, from harmful organisms. In this formula, konjac glucomannan acts as a carrier for green control drugs, ensuring the long-term efficacy of the biological agent. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the rocking seeder used in the sowing process of this invention;

[0041] Figure 2 A diagram of the finished product of the water-retaining agent prepared according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the handheld comb-type harvester used in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] A standardized propagation method for wild chrysanthemums includes the following steps:

[0046] S1. Select a single wild chrysanthemum plant, including the following steps:

[0047] (1) In the core area of ​​the wild chrysanthemum production area, namely the Dabie Mountains, at 30°10′-32°30′ north latitude and 112°40′-117°10′ east longitude, at an altitude of 600-1200 meters, the average annual temperature is 14-17.5℃, the average annual precipitation is 850-1400mm, and the average relative humidity is 70-80%; there is no heavy metal or industrial pollution nearby; wild chrysanthemum germplasm resources are selected in the ecological environment of forest edge, sparse woodland, shrubland, etc.

[0048] (2) Plant morphology requirements: Select 2-3 year old plants and use ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) based on the one-test-multiple-evaluation method to detect the content of basaloside ≥1.0%, chlorogenic acid ≥0.26%, luteolin ≥0.2%, luteolin ≥0.07%, apigenin ≥0.02% of dried capitulum, capitulum diameter 0.9-1.3cm, single plant inflorescence ≥1400 flowers, single plant flower yield ≥14g, stem height at the end of the growing season 70-90cm, ground diameter ≥0.4cm, free from diseases and pests, free from harmful viruses, free from pesticide damage, fertilizer damage and obvious mechanical damage; except for the bottom leaves which are slightly yellow, the other leaves are dark green and thick.

[0049] (3) The flower shape is complete, the flower stem is 1.5-3cm, and the outer ligulate petals and involucral bracts are complete and neat.

[0050] (4) Collect mother plants from different populations that are more than 6 km apart. It is required to collect from more than 3 populations and the distance between different mother plants collected from the same population should be more than 100 m.

[0051] S2. Establish a seed orchard, which includes the following steps:

[0052] I. Site Selection: Hilly or sloping land at an altitude of 200m or above, with deep soil layers, a soil thickness of no less than 60cm, sandy loam soil, and a bulk density ≤1.2g / cm³. 3 pH value 6.0-7.2, organic matter ≥2%; slope 5-15°; previous crop is legume or grass, avoid Asteraceae.

[0053] II. In early December, cut off the above-ground part at 5cm from the rhizome, dig 40cm down from 20cm from the center of the rhizome, and dig out the mother plant with an intact root system. It should be free of blackish-brown diseased roots and rotten roots. Keep the protective soil, wrap it with burlap, and tie it with straw rope.

[0054] III. Apply 2m³ of well-rotted organic fertilizer as base fertilizer to the garden. 3 / mu, rotary tillage, collect clean branches, grass roots, stones, construction waste, etc. to fill the soil, make small raised beds with a height, width, and length of 20×150×2000cm, and rake the bed surface level; before transplanting, trim the fibrous roots of the wild chrysanthemum mother plants, dip them in a mixed solution, the mixed solution is in the mass ratio of matrine: houttuynia cordata juice: konjac glucomannan = 40:42:8, use the three-burying, two-tamping, one-lifting method, plant with a plant spacing of 30×50, and water immediately.

[0055] IV. Seed Harvesting and Storage. Harvesting Time: Wild chrysanthemum seeds are harvested in early November. The color of the ray florets of the inflorescence is detected using a YS3060 3nh grating spectrophotometer. The content of florets and the quality of the inflorescence are determined based on the correlation between shape and color. The optimal harvesting period is when the flower diameter is 1.18-1.55cm, the diameter of the tubular flower disc is 0.66-0.93cm, the average number of flowers per plant is more than 1400, and the weight of 100 dried flowers is more than 0.9g. The inflorescences are harvested, threshed, and impurities are removed to obtain the target seeds.

[0056] S3. "Water-soluble incubation" for sowing, specifically including the following steps:

[0057] i. Select deciduous broad-leaved forests with a canopy closure of 0.3-0.5, such as soapberry, sweetgum, or disease-free economic forests like camellia, chestnut, and cassia, to facilitate lateral shading. In early March, prepare the planting plots. Mix the target seeds obtained from S2 with twice the volume of methyl anthranilate powder and let stand for 12 hours. Then, mix them with well-rotted sawdust, vermiculite with a particle size of 2mm, cork tree powder, water-retaining agent, and bird repellent powder. The bird repellent powder is methyl anthranilate powder, which uses its special odor to repel birds that peck at the wild chrysanthemum seeds. The volume ratio is wild chrysanthemum seeds: sawdust: vermiculite: cork tree powder: methyl anthranilate powder: water-retaining agent = 0.55:57.26:38.13:3.00:1.10:0.96. Finally, use a hand-cranked seeder to broadcast the seeds in the prepared plots.

[0058] The specific preparation steps of the water-retaining agent are as follows:

[0059] 1) Preparation of konjac glucomannan with a purity of over 95%, abbreviated as KGM: Weigh konjac powder and dissolve it in deionized water, konjac powder:deionized water = 1g:100mL; temperature 60℃, pH = 5.3, stir continuously for 70min, and let it stand to swell for 78min. Add 95% ethanol at a stirring speed of 1200rpm / min until the ethanol volume concentration in the system reaches 45%, continue stirring for 1.5h, centrifuge to remove the supernatant, and collect the precipitate. Add deionized water to the collected precipitate, with a precipitate:deionized water ratio of 1 g:100 mL; stir at room temperature for 12 h, then centrifuge to collect the supernatant; repeat the extraction once in the same way, and combine the two supernatants; concentrate the combined supernatant to 40% volume, cool to room temperature, and add 95% ethanol at a stirring speed of 1600 rpm / min until the ethanol concentration of the system reaches 80%, continue stirring for 1.5-2.5 h, centrifuge to remove the supernatant, add deionized water to the precipitate until the precipitate dissolves, and stir at room temperature for 12 h; vacuum concentrate to remove ethanol, dilute and rotary evaporate the concentrated liquid, repeating twice to obtain konjac glucomannan with a purity of over 95%.

[0060] 2) Preparation of monomer aqueous solution: Acrylic acid was neutralized in an ice-water bath with 0.25 g / ml sodium hydroxide solution to prepare an acrylic acid aqueous solution with a neutralization degree of 80%; acrylamide was dissolved in deionized water to prepare an acrylamide solution with a concentration of 18%.

[0061] 3) Dissolve and prepare aqueous solutions of potassium persulfate (initiator) at a concentration of 10 mg / ml and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (crosslinking agent) at a concentration of 1 mg / ml in deionized water for later use.

[0062] 4) Preparation of water-retaining agent:

[0063] a. Add KGM with a purity of 95% or higher to the reactor, add deionized water, and purge with nitrogen in a 40°C water bath to remove oxygen while stirring. Allow it to swell for 60 minutes to obtain gelatinized KGM, wherein KGM:water = 1g:200mL.

[0064] b. Add deionized water to the gelatinized KGM, add potassium persulfate solution while stirring under nitrogen, add potassium persulfate initiator and pre-oxidize KGM for 6 min, wherein KGM:potassium persulfate:deionized water = 1g:1 / 300g:200mL.

[0065] c. Heat to 60℃, add an 80% neutralized acrylic acid aqueous solution, an 18% acrylamide aqueous solution, and a crosslinking agent, N,N,-methylenebisacrylamide, at a concentration of 0.058% of the sum of the mass of the acrylic acid aqueous solution and the acrylamide aqueous solution. React for 185 min under nitrogen protection. The mass ratio of konjac glucomannan:acrylic acid:acrylamide is 0.8:2.5:1.

[0066] d. After the reaction is complete, stop the nitrogen flow, heating, and stirring, and cool to room temperature. Add 7 times the volume of 95% ethanol solution to the product to form a precipitate. Continue adding 95% ethanol solution until precipitation is complete. Wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol.

[0067] e. Filter the sample and vacuum dry the precipitate to constant weight at 50°C to obtain the water-retaining agent of the grafted polymer.

[0068] ii. According to the weather forecast, use a hand-cranked seeder to sow seeds backwards before the rain, so as to evenly cover the sown plots. This sowing method is well-suited for remote plots without irrigation, as well as for steep slopes, sparse woodlands, shrublands, streamsides, and scattered abandoned land with poor site conditions that are difficult for large machinery to reach.

[0069] iii. After rain, a 1 cm thick hydrogel layer forms on the soil surface of the sowing plot, which is used as an incubation film for wild chrysanthemum seeds. The seeds germinate after 3-4 weeks and begin to unfold leaves after 5 weeks.

[0070] S4. Ecological cultivation, specifically including the following steps:

[0071] ① When the wild chrysanthemum seedlings reach a height of 10cm, thinning and transplanting should be carried out simultaneously, with a final plant spacing of 30×20cm. Weed once each in May and June. During the vigorous vegetative growth season in May, June, and July, apply nitrogen fertilizer three times, with soil fertilization in May and foliar fertilization in June and July. Each time, spray 1.5 tons of aqueous solution per mu, containing 3 kg of nitrogen fertilizer. Apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer twice in August and September, each time spraying 1.5 tons of aqueous solution per mu, containing 4 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

[0072] ② Pinching: Pinching should be done in mid-May and late June. Each application must be carried out on a sunny, rainless day. After each topping, spray with prochloraz·ethoxysulfuron, i.e., 35% emulsifiable concentrate, at a rate of 60 ml / mu, with a volume ratio of prochloraz:ethoxysulfuron = 1:1200.

[0073] ③ Check the crown shape of the wild chrysanthemum plants in the field. If the branches are too long and there are few branches, you can pinch off the tips to ensure that each plant has about 30 branches. Stop pinching off the tips after July.

[0074] S5. Harvesting, which includes the following steps:

[0075] From late October to late November, when 70% of the ray florets of the wild chrysanthemums have opened, harvesting begins on sunny days when the dew has dissipated. The first flush of flowers is harvested when the ray florets of the flower heads are fully open and 50% of the tubular florets in the center have opened. The quantitative determination method involves using a 3nh YD5050 grating spectrophotometer with a 2mm aperture to measure the light and dark chromaticity values ​​L*, red-green chromaticity values ​​a*, and yellow-blue chromaticity values ​​b*, and then converting these values ​​into a total chromaticity value. In this invention, b* is 28-40. The harvesting range is 80-96%. A handheld paddle-type harvester is used. A second crop is harvested one week later, also using a handheld paddle-type harvester. See [link to details]. Figure 3 Harvest the flowers one week later; then use a drag-along pry bar harvester to harvest all the flowers. The total width of the pry bar is 50cm, the height from the ground is adjustable from 30-90cm, and the angle of elevation is 16°. Requirements: flower removal rate higher than 96.0%, flower fall rate lower than 1.0%, and flower breakage rate lower than 0.5%.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] A standardized propagation method for wild chrysanthemums includes the following steps:

[0078] S1. Select a single wild chrysanthemum plant, including the following steps:

[0079] (1) In the core area of ​​the wild chrysanthemum production area, namely the Dabie Mountains, at 30°10′-32°30′ north latitude and 112°40′-117°10′ east longitude, at an altitude of 600-1200 meters, the average annual temperature is 14-17.5℃, the average annual precipitation is 850-1400mm, and the average relative humidity is 70-80%; there is no heavy metal or industrial pollution nearby; wild chrysanthemum germplasm resources are selected in ecological environments such as forest edges, sparse woodlands, and shrublands.

[0080] (2) Plant morphology requirements: Select 2-year-old plants and use ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) based on the one-test-multiple-evaluation method to detect the content of basaloside ≥1.0%, chlorogenic acid ≥0.26%, luteolin ≥0.2%, luteolin ≥0.07%, apigenin ≥0.02% of dried capitulum, capitulum diameter 0.9-1.3cm, single plant inflorescence ≥1400 flowers, single plant flower yield ≥14g, stem height at the end of the growing season 70-90cm, ground diameter ≥0.4cm, free from diseases and pests, free from harmful viruses, free from pesticide damage, fertilizer damage and obvious mechanical damage; except for the bottom leaves which are slightly yellow, the other leaves are dark green and thick.

[0081] (3) The flower shape is complete, the flower stem is 1.5-3cm, the outer tongue petals and involucral bracts are complete and neat, and the flower branches are sturdy.

[0082] (4) Collect mother plants from different populations that are more than 6 km apart. It is required to collect from more than 3 populations and the distance between different mother plants collected from the same population should be more than 100 m.

[0083] S2. Establish a seed orchard, which includes the following steps:

[0084] I. Site Selection: Hilly or sloping land at an altitude of 200m or above, with deep soil layers, a soil thickness of no less than 60cm, sandy loam soil, and a bulk density ≤1.2g / cm³. 3 pH value 6.0-7.2, organic matter ≥2%; slope 5-15°; previous crop is legume or grass, avoid Asteraceae.

[0085] II. In early January, cut off the above-ground part at 5cm from the rhizome. Dig 40cm down from 20cm from the center of the rhizome to dig out the mother plant with an intact root system. It should be free of blackish-brown diseased roots and rotten roots. Keep the protective soil around the core, wrap it with burlap, and tie it with straw rope.

[0086] III. Apply 2m³ of well-rotted organic fertilizer as base fertilizer to the garden. 3 / mu, rotary tillage, collect clean branches, grass roots, stones, construction waste, etc. to fill the soil, make small raised beds with a height, width, and length of 20×150×2000cm, and rake the bed surface level; before transplanting, trim the fibrous roots of the wild chrysanthemum mother plants, dip them in a mixed solution, the mixed solution is in the following mass ratio: matrine: houttuynia cordata juice: konjac glucomannan = 46%: 43%: 11%, use the three-burying, two-tamping, one-lifting method, plant with a plant spacing of 30×50, and water immediately.

[0087] IV. Seed Harvesting and Storage. Harvesting Time: Wild chrysanthemum seeds are harvested in late November each year. The color of the ray florets of the inflorescence is detected using a YS3060 3nh grating spectrophotometer. The content of florets and the quality of the inflorescence are determined based on the correlation between shape and color. The optimal harvesting period is when the flower diameter is 1.18-1.55cm, the diameter of the tubular flower disc is 0.66-0.93cm, the average number of flowers per plant is more than 1400, and the weight of 100 dried flowers is more than 0.9g. The inflorescences are accurately harvested, threshed, and impurities are removed to obtain the target seeds.

[0088] S3. "Water-soluble incubation" for sowing, specifically including the following steps:

[0089] i. Select deciduous broad-leaved forests with a canopy closure of 0.3-0.5, such as soapberry, sweetgum, or disease-free economic forests like camellia, chestnut, and cassia, to facilitate lateral shading. In early April, prepare the planting plots. Mix the target seeds obtained from S2 with twice the volume of methyl anthranilate powder and let stand for 12 hours. Then, mix them with well-rotted sawdust, vermiculite with a particle size of 2mm, cork tree powder, water-retaining agent, and bird repellent powder. The bird repellent powder is methyl anthranilate powder, which uses its special odor to repel birds that peck at the wild chrysanthemum seeds. The volume ratio is wild chrysanthemum seeds: sawdust: vermiculite: cork tree powder: methyl anthranilate powder: water-retaining agent = 0.55:57.26:38.13:3.00:1.10:0.96. Finally, use a hand-cranked seeder to broadcast the seeds in the prepared plots.

[0090] The specific preparation steps of the water-retaining agent are as follows:

[0091] 1) Preparation of konjac glucomannan with a purity of over 95%, abbreviated as KGM: Weigh konjac powder and dissolve it in deionized water, konjac powder:deionized water = 1g:100mL; temperature 60℃, pH = 5.3, stir continuously for 70min, and let it stand to swell for 78min. Add 95% ethanol at a stirring speed of 1200rpm / min until the ethanol volume concentration in the system reaches 45%, continue stirring for 2h, centrifuge to remove the supernatant, and collect the precipitate. Add deionized water to the collected precipitate, with a precipitate:deionized water ratio of 1 g:100 mL; stir at room temperature for 12 h, then centrifuge to collect the supernatant; repeat the extraction once in the same way, and combine the two supernatants; concentrate the combined supernatant to 40% volume, cool to room temperature, and add 95% ethanol at a stirring speed of 1600 rpm / min until the ethanol concentration of the system reaches 80%, continue stirring for 1.5-2.5 h, centrifuge to remove the supernatant, add deionized water to the precipitate until the precipitate dissolves, and stir at room temperature for 12 h; vacuum concentrate to remove ethanol, dilute and rotary evaporate the concentrated liquid, repeating twice to obtain konjac glucomannan with a purity of over 95%.

[0092] 2) Preparation of monomer aqueous solution: Acrylic acid was neutralized in an ice-water bath with 0.25 g / ml sodium hydroxide solution to prepare an acrylic acid aqueous solution with a neutralization degree of 80%; acrylamide was dissolved in deionized water to prepare an acrylamide solution with a concentration of 21%.

[0093] 3) Dissolve and prepare aqueous solutions of potassium persulfate (initiator) at a concentration of 10 mg / ml and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (crosslinking agent) at a concentration of 1 mg / ml in deionized water for later use.

[0094] 4) Preparation of water-retaining agent:

[0095] a. Add KGM with a purity of 95% or higher to the reactor, add deionized water, and purge with nitrogen in a 41°C water bath to remove oxygen while stirring. Allow it to swell for 66 minutes to obtain gelatinized KGM, wherein KGM:water = 1g:270mL.

[0096] b. Add deionized water to the gelatinized KGM, add potassium persulfate solution while stirring under nitrogen, add potassium persulfate initiator and pre-oxidize KGM for 6 minutes, wherein KGM:potassium persulfate:deionized water = 1g:1 / 350g:200mL.

[0097] c. Heat to 61°C, add an 80% neutralized sodium acrylic acid aqueous solution, a 21% acrylamide aqueous solution, and a crosslinking agent, N,N,-methylenebisacrylamide, in an amount of 0.058% of the sum of the masses of the sodium acrylic acid aqueous solution and the acrylamide aqueous solution. React for 185 min under nitrogen protection; wherein, the mass ratio of konjac glucomannan:acrylic acid:acrylamide is 1.1:3.5:1.

[0098] d. After the reaction is complete, stop the nitrogen flow, heating, and stirring, and cool to room temperature. Add 6 times the volume of 95% ethanol solution to the product to form a precipitate. Continue adding 95% ethanol solution until precipitation is complete. Wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol.

[0099] e. Filter the sample and vacuum dry the precipitate to constant weight at 50°C to obtain the water-retaining agent of the grafted polymer.

[0100] ii. According to the weather forecast, use a hand-cranked seeder to sow seeds backwards before the rain, so as to evenly cover the sown plots. This sowing method is well-suited for remote plots without irrigation, as well as for steep slopes, sparse woodlands, shrublands, streamsides, and scattered abandoned land with poor site conditions that are difficult for large machinery to reach.

[0101] iii. After rain, a 1 cm thick hydrogel layer forms on the soil surface of the sowing plot, which is used as an incubation film for wild chrysanthemum seeds. The seeds germinate after 4 weeks and begin to unfold leaves after 5 weeks.

[0102] S4. Ecological cultivation, specifically including the following steps:

[0103] ① When the wild chrysanthemum seedlings reach a height of 10cm, thinning and transplanting should be carried out simultaneously, with a final plant spacing of 30×20cm. Weed once each in May and June. During the vigorous vegetative growth season in May, June, and July, apply nitrogen fertilizer three times, with soil fertilization in May and foliar fertilization in June and July. Each time, spray 1.5 tons of aqueous solution per mu, containing 3 kg of nitrogen fertilizer. Apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer twice in August and September, each time spraying 1.5 tons of aqueous solution per mu, containing 4 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

[0104] ② Pinching: Pinching should be done in mid-May and late June. Each application must be carried out on a sunny, rainless day. After each topping, spray with prochloraz·ethoxysulfuron, i.e., 35% emulsifiable concentrate, at a rate of 60 ml / mu, with a volume ratio of prochloraz:ethoxysulfuron = 1:1200.

[0105] ③ Check the crown shape of the wild chrysanthemum plants in the field. If the branches are too long and there are few branches, you can pinch off the tips to ensure that each plant has about 30 branches. Stop pinching off the tips after July.

[0106] S5. Harvesting, which includes the following steps:

[0107] From late October to late November, when 70% of the ray florets of the wild chrysanthemums have opened, harvesting begins on sunny days when the dew has dissipated. The first flush of flowers is harvested when the ray florets of the flower heads are fully open and 50% of the tubular florets in the center have opened. The quantitative determination method involves using a 3nh YD5050 grating spectrophotometer with a 2mm aperture to measure the light and dark chromaticity values ​​L*, red-green chromaticity values ​​a*, and yellow-blue chromaticity values ​​b*, and then converting these values ​​into a total chromaticity value. In this invention, b* is 28-40. The harvesting range is 80-96%. Handheld paddle-type harvesters are used. One week later, a second crop of flowers is harvested, also using handheld paddle-type harvesters. Another week later, a drag-on paddle-type harvester is used to harvest all the flowers. The total width of the paddle is 50cm, the height from the ground is adjustable from 30-90cm, and the angle is 16°. Requirements: Flower removal rate higher than 96.0%, flower fall rate lower than 1.0%, and flower breakage rate lower than 0.5%.

[0108] Example 3

[0109] A standardized propagation method for wild chrysanthemums includes the following steps:

[0110] S1. Select a single wild chrysanthemum plant, including the following steps:

[0111] (1) In the core area of ​​the wild chrysanthemum production area, namely the Dabie Mountains, at 30°10′-32°30′ north latitude and 112°40′-117°10′ east longitude, at an altitude of 600-1200 meters, the average annual temperature is 14-17.5℃, the average annual precipitation is 850-1400mm, and the average relative humidity is 70-80%; there is no heavy metal or industrial pollution nearby; wild chrysanthemum germplasm resources are selected in ecological environments such as forest edges, sparse woodlands, and shrublands.

[0112] (2) Plant morphology requirements: Select 3-year-old plants and use ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) based on the one-test-multiple-evaluation method to detect the content of quinquefoliin in dried flower heads ≥1.0%, chlorogenic acid ≥0.26%, luteolin ≥0.2%, luteolin ≥0.07%, apigenin ≥0.02%, flower head diameter 0.9-1.3cm, single plant inflorescence ≥1400 flowers, single plant flower yield ≥14g, stem height at the end of the growing season 70-90cm, ground diameter ≥0.4cm. Free from diseases, pests, harmful viruses, pesticide damage, fertilizer damage and obvious mechanical damage; except for the bottom leaves which are slightly yellow, the other leaves are dark green and thick.

[0113] (3) The flower shape is complete, the flower stem is 1.5-3cm, and the outer ligulate petals and involucral bracts are complete and neat.

[0114] (4) Collect mother plants from different populations that are more than 6 km apart. It is required to collect from more than 3 populations and the distance between different mother plants collected from the same population should be more than 100 m.

[0115] S2. Establish a seed orchard, which includes the following steps:

[0116] I. Site Selection: Hilly or sloping land at an altitude of 200m or above, with deep soil layers, a soil thickness of no less than 60cm, sandy loam soil, and a bulk density ≤1.2g / cm³. 3 pH value 6.0-7.2, organic matter ≥2%; slope 5-15°; previous crop is legume or grass, avoid Asteraceae.

[0117] II. In late February of the following year, cut off the above-ground part at 5cm from the rhizome, dig 40cm down from 20cm from the center of the rhizome, and dig out the mother plant with an intact root system. It should be free of blackish-brown diseased roots and rotten roots. Keep the core soil intact, wrap it with burlap, and tie it with straw rope.

[0118] III. Apply 2m³ of well-rotted organic fertilizer as base fertilizer to the garden. 3 / mu, rotary tillage, collect clean branches, grass roots, stones, construction waste, etc. to fill the soil, make small raised beds with a height, width, and length of 20×150×2000cm, and rake the bed surface level; before transplanting, trim the fibrous roots of the wild chrysanthemum mother plants, dip them in a mixed solution, the mixed solution being matrine: houttuynia cordata juice: konjac glucomannan = 46:43:11 by mass, use the three-burying, two-tamping, one-lifting method, plant with a plant spacing of 30×50, and water immediately.

[0119] IV. Seed Harvesting and Storage. Harvesting Time: Wild chrysanthemum seeds are harvested in late December. The color of the ray florets of the inflorescence is detected using a YS3060 3nh grating spectrophotometer. The content of florets and the quality of the inflorescence are determined based on the correlation between shape and color. The optimal harvesting period is when the flower diameter is 1.18-1.55cm, the diameter of the tubular flower disc is 0.66-0.93cm, the average number of flowers per plant is over 1400, and the weight of 100 dried flowers is over 0.9g. The inflorescences are harvested precisely, threshed, and impurities are removed to obtain the target seeds.

[0120] S3. "Water-soluble incubation" for sowing, specifically including the following steps:

[0121] i. Select deciduous broad-leaved forests with a canopy closure of 0.3-0.5, such as soapberry, sweetgum, or disease-free economic forests like camellia, chestnut, and cassia, to facilitate lateral shading. In late April, prepare the planting plots. Mix the target seeds obtained from S2 with twice the volume of methyl anthranilate powder and let stand for 12 hours. Then, mix them with well-rotted sawdust, vermiculite with a particle size of 2mm, cork tree powder, water-retaining agent, and bird repellent powder. The bird repellent powder is methyl anthranilate powder, which uses its special odor to repel birds that peck at the wild chrysanthemum seeds. The volume ratio is wild chrysanthemum seeds: sawdust: vermiculite: cork tree powder: methyl anthranilate powder: water-retaining agent = 0.55:57.26:38.13:3.00:1.10:0.96. Finally, use a hand-cranked seeder to broadcast the seeds in the prepared plots.

[0122] The specific preparation steps of the water-retaining agent are as follows:

[0123] 1) Preparation of konjac glucomannan with a purity of over 95%, abbreviated as KGM: Weigh konjac powder and dissolve it in deionized water, konjac powder:deionized water = 1g:100mL; temperature 60℃, pH = 5.3, stir continuously for 70min, and let it stand to swell for 78min. Add 95% ethanol at a stirring speed of 1200rpm / min until the ethanol volume concentration in the system reaches 45%, continue stirring for 2.5h, centrifuge to remove the supernatant, and collect the precipitate. Add deionized water to the collected precipitate, with a precipitate:deionized water ratio of 1 g:100 mL; stir at room temperature for 12 h, then centrifuge to collect the supernatant; repeat the extraction once in the same way, and combine the two supernatants; concentrate the combined supernatant to 40% volume, cool to room temperature, and add 95% ethanol at a stirring speed of 1600 rpm / min until the ethanol concentration of the system reaches 80%, continue stirring for 1.5-2.5 h, centrifuge to remove the supernatant, add deionized water to the precipitate until the precipitate dissolves, and stir at room temperature for 12 h; vacuum concentrate to remove ethanol, dilute and rotary evaporate the concentrated liquid, repeating twice to obtain konjac glucomannan with a purity of over 95%.

[0124] 2) Preparation of monomer aqueous solution: Acrylic acid was neutralized in an ice-water bath with 0.25 g / ml sodium hydroxide solution to prepare an acrylic acid aqueous solution with a neutralization degree of 80%; acrylamide was dissolved in deionized water to prepare an acrylamide solution with a concentration of 21%.

[0125] 3) Dissolve and prepare aqueous solutions of potassium persulfate (initiator) at a concentration of 10 mg / ml and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (crosslinking agent) at a concentration of 1 mg / ml in deionized water for later use.

[0126] 4) Preparation of water-retaining agent:

[0127] a. Add KGM with a purity of 95% or higher to the reactor, add deionized water, and purge with nitrogen in a 42°C water bath to remove oxygen while stirring. Allow it to swell for 72 minutes to obtain gelatinized KGM, wherein KGM:water = 1g:350mL.

[0128] b. Add deionized water to the gelatinized KGM, add potassium persulfate solution while stirring under nitrogen, add potassium persulfate initiator and pre-oxidize KGM for 6 min, wherein KGM:potassium persulfate:deionized water = 1g:1 / 400g:200mL.

[0129] c. Heat to 62℃, add an 80% neutralized acrylic acid aqueous solution, a 25% acrylamide aqueous solution, and a crosslinking agent, N,N,-methylenebisacrylamide, at a concentration of 0.058% of the sum of the mass of the acrylic acid aqueous solution and the acrylamide aqueous solution. React for 185 min under nitrogen protection. The mass ratio of konjac glucomannan:acrylic acid:acrylamide is 1.3:5:1.

[0130] d. After the reaction is complete, stop the nitrogen flow, heating, and stirring, and cool to room temperature. Add 7 times the volume of 95% ethanol solution to the product to form a precipitate. Continue adding 95% ethanol solution until precipitation is complete. Wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol.

[0131] e. Filter the sample and vacuum dry the precipitate to constant weight at 50°C to obtain the water-retaining agent of the grafted polymer.

[0132] ii. According to the weather forecast, use a hand-cranked seeder to sow seeds backwards before the rain, so as to evenly cover the sown plots. This sowing method is well-suited for remote plots without irrigation, as well as for steep slopes, sparse woodlands, shrublands, streamsides, and scattered abandoned land with poor site conditions that are difficult for large machinery to reach.

[0133] iii. After rain, a 1 cm thick hydrogel layer forms on the soil surface of the sowing plot, which is used as an incubation film for wild chrysanthemum seeds. The seeds germinate after 3-4 weeks and begin to unfold leaves after 5 weeks.

[0134] S4. Ecological cultivation, specifically including the following steps:

[0135] ① When the wild chrysanthemum seedlings reach a height of 10cm, thinning and transplanting should be carried out simultaneously, with a final plant spacing of 30×20cm. Weed once each in May and June. During the vigorous vegetative growth season in May, June, and July, apply nitrogen fertilizer three times, with soil fertilization in May and foliar fertilization in June and July. Each time, spray 1.5 tons of aqueous solution per mu, containing 3 kg of nitrogen fertilizer. Apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer twice in August and September, each time spraying 1.5 tons of aqueous solution per mu, containing 4 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

[0136] ② Pinching: Pinching should be done in mid-May and late June. Each application must be carried out on a sunny, rainless day. After each topping, spray with prochloraz·ethoxysulfuron, i.e., 35% emulsifiable concentrate, at a rate of 60 ml / mu, with a volume ratio of prochloraz:ethoxysulfuron = 1:1200.

[0137] ③ Check the crown shape of the wild chrysanthemum plants in the field. If the branches are too long and there are few branches, you can pinch off the tips to ensure that each plant has about 30 branches. Stop pinching off the tips after July.

[0138] S5. Harvesting, which includes the following steps:

[0139] From late October to late November, when 70% of the ray florets of the wild chrysanthemums have opened, harvesting begins on sunny days when the dew has dissipated. The first flush of flowers is harvested when the ray florets of the flower heads are fully open and 50% of the tubular florets in the center have opened. The quantitative determination method involves using a 3nh YD5050 grating spectrophotometer with a 2mm aperture to measure the light and dark chromaticity values ​​L*, red-green chromaticity values ​​a*, and yellow-blue chromaticity values ​​b*, and then converting these values ​​into a total chromaticity value. In this invention, b* is 28-40. The harvesting range is 80-96%. Handheld paddle-type harvesters are used. One week later, a second crop of flowers is harvested, also using handheld paddle-type harvesters. Another week later, a drag-on paddle-type harvester is used to harvest all the flowers. The total width of the paddle is 50cm, the height from the ground is adjustable from 30-90cm, and the angle is 16°. Requirements: Flower removal rate higher than 96.0%, flower fall rate lower than 1.0%, and flower breakage rate lower than 0.5%.

[0140] Comparative Example 1

[0141] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0142] When incubating and sowing in S3, the seeds are mixed with wild chrysanthemum seeds and river sand. The target seeds obtained in S2 are mixed with river sand in a volume ratio of wild chrysanthemum seeds: river sand = 1:120. Then, the seeds are sown using a hand-cranked seeder.

[0143] Comparative Example 2

[0144] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0145] When incubating and sowing in S3, the seeds are mixed with vermiculite. The target seeds obtained in S2 are mixed with vermiculite in a volume ratio of 1:160 for wild chrysanthemum seeds to vermiculite. Then, the seeds are sown using a hand-cranked seeder.

[0146] Comparative Example 3

[0147] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0148] When incubating and sowing in S3, the seed dressing is made by mixing wild chrysanthemum seeds with sawdust. The target seeds obtained in S2 are mixed with sawdust in a volume ratio of wild chrysanthemum seeds: sawdust = 1:160. Then, the seeds are sown using a hand-cranked seeder.

[0149] Comparative Example 4

[0150] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0151] When incubating and sowing in S3, the seeds are treated with wild chrysanthemum seeds mixed with bird repellent and sawdust. The target seeds obtained in S2 are mixed with bird repellent and sawdust in a volume ratio of wild chrysanthemum seeds: bird repellent + sawdust = 1:162. Then, they are sown using a hand-cranked seeder. The ratio of wild chrysanthemum seeds: sawdust: vermiculite: cork tree powder: methyl anthranilate powder: hydrosol particles = 0.55: 56.26: 38.13: 3.00: 0.96: 1.10.

[0152] Table 1. Survey on the germination and emergence status of wild chrysanthemum seeds.

[0153]

[0154]

[0155] Seed germination rate = (Total number of normally germinated seeds / Number of seeds tested) × 100%;

[0156] Germination potential = Total number of normally germinated seeds when the daily average number of germinated seeds reaches its peak / Number of tested seeds × 100%;

[0157] Germination index = ∑(Gt / Dt). In the formula, Gt is the number of seeds that germinate on day t, and Dt is the number of days it takes for the corresponding seeds to germinate;

[0158] Germination rate = Number of germination plants / Number of seeds tested;

[0159] Plant height uniformity = the reciprocal of the coefficient of variation of plant height, H / S, on the 30th day after sowing.

[0160] As can be seen from Table 1, when the methods of Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention were used to propagate wild chrysanthemums, the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, seedling emergence rate and uniformity of plant height were significantly higher than those of Examples 1 to 4 in the comparative experiment.

[0161] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0162] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A standardized propagation method for wild chrysanthemum, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: Select individual wild chrysanthemum plants to establish a seed garden: Select 2-3 year old disease-free mother plants and transplant them to the seed garden. Harvest wild chrysanthemum seeds according to the color of the ray florets in the inflorescence. Before transplanting, trim the fibrous roots of the wild chrysanthemum mother plants and dip them in a mixed solution. The mixed solution is prepared in the following mass ratio: matrine: houttuynia cordata juice: konjac glucomannan = 40~46:42~44:8~13. "Hydrosol incubation" sowing: Mix the harvested wild chrysanthemum seeds with decomposed sawdust, vermiculite, cork tree powder, and water-retaining agent; sow in March-April; wherein, the water-retaining agent is konjac glucomannan-acrylamide-acrylic acid grafted copolymer hydrogel; Ecological cultivation: Pinching is carried out from mid-May to late June to ensure that each plant has more than 30 branches; Harvesting: Wild chrysanthemums are harvested from late October to late November when the outer ray florets around the capitula open and 50% of the tubular florets in the center of the flower open, and the color value is quantitatively determined. The standardized propagation method for wild chrysanthemum is used to improve the germination rate, emergence rate, germination index, germination vigor, and emergence uniformity of wild chrysanthemum. The specific preparation steps of the water-retaining agent are as follows: Konjac glucomannan with a purity of over 95%, acrylic acid aqueous solution with a neutralization degree of 80%, and acrylamide aqueous solution with a concentration of 18-25% were prepared respectively. Preparation of potassium persulfate aqueous solution and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide aqueous solution; Preparation of water-retaining agent: a. Add konjac glucomannan with a purity of 95% or higher and water to the reactor, and stir while purging with nitrogen to remove oxygen in a water bath at 40-42 ℃. The mixture will swell for 60-72 min to obtain gelatinized konjac glucomannan. The ratio of konjac glucomannan to water is 1 g: 200-350 mL. b. Add deionized water to the gelatinized konjac glucomannan, add potassium persulfate under nitrogen purging and stirring, and react for 6-8 minutes; wherein, konjac glucomannan: potassium persulfate: deionized water = 1 g: 1 / 300-1 / 400 g: 200 mL; c. Heat to 60-62 ℃, add an 80% neutralized acrylic acid aqueous solution, an 18-25% acrylamide aqueous solution, and a crosslinking agent, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, added at a rate of 0.058% of the sum of the mass of the acrylic acid aqueous solution and the acrylamide aqueous solution; react under nitrogen protection for 185-200 min; wherein, the mass ratio is konjac glucomannan:acrylic acid:acrylamide = 0.8-1.3:2.5-5:1; d. After the reaction is complete, stop the nitrogen gas flow, and stop heating and stirring. Cool to room temperature. Add 5-7 times the volume of 95% ethanol solution to form a precipitate. Continue to add 95% ethanol solution until precipitation is complete. Wash the precipitate. e. Filter the sample and vacuum dry the precipitate to constant weight at 50 °C to obtain the water-retaining agent of the grafted polymer.

2. The standardized propagation method for wild chrysanthemum according to claim 1, characterized in that, When selecting individual wild chrysanthemum plants, the mother plants should be collected from different populations more than 6 km apart, requiring collection from more than 3 populations, and the distance between different mother plants collected from the same population should be more than 100 m.

3. The standardized propagation method for wild chrysanthemum according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mother plant is a dried capitulum with a content of ≥1.0% luteolin, ≥0.26% chlorogenic acid, ≥0.2% luteolin, ≥0.07% luteolin, and ≥0.02% apigenin, a capitulum diameter of 0.9-1.3 cm, ≥1400 flowers per plant, a flower yield of ≥14 g per plant, a stem height of 70-90 cm at the end of the growing season, and a ground diameter of ≥0.4 cm.

4. The standardized propagation method for wild chrysanthemum according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of konjac glucomannan with a purity of over 95% is as follows: Konjac flour is dissolved in deionized water, with a ratio of konjac flour to deionized water of 1 g to 100 mL; 95% ethanol is added while stirring at 1200 rpm / min until the volume concentration of ethanol in the system reaches 45%, and stirring is continued for 1.5-2.5 h. The supernatant is removed by centrifugation, the precipitate is collected, and konjac glucomannan with a purity of over 95% is obtained.

5. The standardized propagation method for wild chrysanthemum according to claim 4, characterized in that, The purification method is as follows: Deionized water is added to the collected precipitate, with a precipitate:deionized water ratio of 1g:100mL; the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 12 h, and the supernatant is collected by centrifugation; the extraction is repeated once in the same manner, and the supernatants from the two extractions are combined; the combined supernatant is concentrated to 40% of its volume, cooled to room temperature, and 95% ethanol is added at a stirring speed of 1600 rpm / min until the ethanol concentration of the system reaches 80%, and the mixture is stirred continuously for 1.5-2.5 h. The supernatant is removed by centrifugation, and the collected precipitate is dissolved by adding deionized water, and stirred at room temperature for 12 h; the ethanol is removed by vacuum concentration, and the concentrated liquid is diluted and rotary evaporated, repeated twice to obtain konjac glucomannan with a purity of over 95%.

6. The standardized propagation method for wild chrysanthemum according to claim 1, characterized in that, During ecological cultivation, an aqueous solution of imazalil and ethoxysulfuron is sprayed after each topping; wherein, the volume ratio of imazalil and ethoxysulfuron to water is 1:1200.

7. The standardized propagation method for wild chrysanthemum according to claim 1, characterized in that, During harvesting, the quantitative determination method involves using a 3nh YD5050 grating spectrophotometer with a 2 mm aperture to measure the light and dark chromaticity values ​​L*, red-green chromaticity values ​​a*, and yellow-blue chromaticity values ​​b*, which are then converted into total chromaticity values. b* is 28-40. Harvest at 80-96 degrees Celsius.

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