A heat treatment device and method for recycling photovoltaic modules

Abstract

The application discloses a heat treatment device and method for photovoltaic module recycling, and belongs to the field of photovoltaic module recycling, and comprises a heat treatment room, a vibrating platform, a lifting mechanism, a clamping mechanism and a fixing seat. The photovoltaic module can be placed on the fixing seat, the heat treatment room can heat the area where the fixing seat is located, and the heating temperature of the heat treatment room can make the EVA adhesive film become a solid jelly-like film. The adsorption mechanism can adsorb the glass layer or the back plate of the photovoltaic module and drive the glass layer or the back plate to move upwards. The EVA adhesive film in the photovoltaic module is adjusted to a solid jelly-like film by low temperature, the vibrating platform causes intense relative movement between the back plate and the battery plate and between the battery plate and the glass layer, thereby breaking the EVA adhesive film in the middle, and the glass layer, the battery plate and the back plate are disassembled. After disassembly, the high-pressure blowing mechanism is used to remove the EVA adhesive film remaining on the glass layer, the battery plate and the back plate. In the whole process, the EVA adhesive film is not dissolved and harmful gas is not generated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic module recycling, and in particular to a heat treatment apparatus and method for recycling photovoltaic modules. Background Technology

[0002] Internationally, the recycling of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules generally involves the following processing steps: 1) Disassembly and transportation: The waste crystalline silicon PV modules are disassembled and transported to recycling facilities. 2) Dismantling: The aluminum frames and junction boxes of the crystalline silicon PV modules are removed. 3) Separation: The disassembled crystalline silicon PV modules consist of a laminate composed of front glass, solar cells, a backsheet (or back glass), and EVA. Separating this laminate and sorting out valuable materials is the most crucial step in module recycling technology, affecting the recycling effect and profitability. 4) Reuse: The sorted materials are sent to relevant industries for reuse. For example, recycled glass is sent to the glass manufacturing industry, aluminum frames are sent to aluminum refineries, waste plastics can be used as fuel in cement plants, silicon can be sent to precious metal manufacturing plants, and the remaining junction boxes, cables, and connectors are crushed to extract copper and sent to copper product factories for recycling. Currently, based on the different methods of separating the laminates, the recycling methods for waste crystalline silicon PV modules can be divided into three types: thermal treatment, chemical dissolution, and physical separation. Heat treatment methods are divided into low-temperature heat treatment and high-temperature heat treatment. Low-temperature heat treatment utilizes the characteristic that EVA gradually softens upon heating. By heating the laminate, the EVA within it is softened, achieving separation of the front glass, solar cells, and backsheet (or back glass) within the laminate. Currently, this method typically uses fluidized bed reactors, although radio frequency current heating plates or infrared heaters are also used. While low-temperature heat treatment is relatively simple and practical, it suffers from incomplete EVA removal, often leaving small amounts of residue on the surfaces of the glass and solar cells. High-temperature heat treatment utilizes the characteristic that EVA gradually decomposes at high temperatures to remove it. Currently, high-temperature heat treatment is mainly divided into oxygen-free high-temperature heat treatment and oxygen-containing high-temperature heat treatment. Both methods achieve EVA removal rates exceeding 99%. However, high-temperature heat treatment consumes more energy and generates some harmful gases.

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, patent application CN115634911A discloses a heat treatment device for recycling photovoltaic modules. This device includes a movable dividing plate with an exhaust port at its lower end. Hot air is discharged through the exhaust port, and the hot air temperature is controlled at 220-240℃. EVA expands and slowly melts upon heating. As the dividing plate moves downwards, the EVA melts and flows down. High-speed hot air sequentially sweeps across the glass and silicon substrates, effectively removing EVA and preventing residue. However, while this patent application does not employ high-temperature heating equipment, the hot air temperature far exceeds the melting point of EVA. Under the influence of the high-temperature hot air, EVA still produces harmful gases, failing to fundamentally solve the problem. Furthermore, the thickness of the EVA film after lamination is only about 1mm (referring to the EVA film between the glass layer and the solar panel or between the solar panel and the backsheet). Even with thermal expansion, the thickness does not exceed 2mm. Inserting a dividing plate capable of venting hot air under such thickness conditions is clearly impractical.

[0004] In view of this, how to provide a heat treatment device for the recycling and processing of photovoltaic modules that can efficiently remove EVA at low temperatures and avoid generating harmful gases is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those in the field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a heat treatment device for recycling photovoltaic modules, which solves the problems existing in the prior art, and can achieve low-temperature and efficient removal of EVA film, avoiding the generation of harmful gases.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a heat treatment apparatus for recycling photovoltaic modules, comprising:

[0007] Heat treatment room;

[0008] The vibration platform is located inside the heat treatment chamber.

[0009] It is capable of vibrating in the X-axis and / or Y-axis directions;

[0010] A lifting mechanism is provided on the vibration platform;

[0011] A clamping mechanism is provided on the lifting mechanism;

[0012] The mounting base allows the photovoltaic module to be placed on it. The outer edge of the mounting base is smaller than the outer edge of the photovoltaic module. The clamping mechanism can clamp the backsheet and the solar panel of the photovoltaic module; or the clamping mechanism can clamp the solar panel of the photovoltaic module. The heat treatment chamber can heat the area where the mounting base is located, and the heating temperature of the heat treatment chamber can turn the EVA film into a solid jelly-like substance.

[0013] An adsorption mechanism is fixedly installed above the fixed base and fixedly connected to the heat treatment chamber. The adsorption mechanism can adsorb the glass layer or back sheet of the photovoltaic module and drive the glass layer or back sheet to move upward.

[0014] A high-pressure blower mechanism has a universal air outlet that can be directed toward the fixed base and the area between the fixed base and the adsorption mechanism.

[0015] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism includes:

[0016] The first telescopic motor is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the vibration platform, and the telescopic rod of the first telescopic motor is set vertically upward;

[0017] The lifting plate is fixedly mounted on the telescopic rod of the first telescopic motor.

[0018] Furthermore, the clamping mechanism includes:

[0019] The second telescopic motor is fixedly mounted on the lifting plate, with the telescopic rod of the second telescopic motor facing the fixed base;

[0020] A clamping plate is fixedly connected to the telescopic rod of the second telescopic motor; there are two sets of the first telescopic motor, the lifting plate, the second telescopic motor and the clamping plate, which are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the fixed base.

[0021] Furthermore, the heat treatment chamber includes:

[0022] Room body;

[0023] A heating column is installed inside the chamber and adjacent to the vibration platform. The heating column has multiple air outlets extending through its inner and outer surfaces. The heating column is connected to a heating fan or has a heating fan installed inside it.

[0024] Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism includes:

[0025] A top plate, which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the heating column;

[0026] The third telescopic motor is fixedly connected to the top plate. The telescopic rod of the third telescopic motor extends downward and is fixedly connected to the suction cup. The suction cup corresponds to the fixed base and can adsorb the glass layer or the back plate.

[0027] Furthermore, the high-pressure blower mechanism includes:

[0028] A high-pressure air pump, the outlet of which is connected to a hose, and a spray gun is provided at the end of the hose;

[0029] The spray gun is fixedly mounted on the omnidirectional robotic arm, and the omnidirectional robotic arm can orient the spray gun toward the fixed base and the area between the fixed base and the adsorption mechanism.

[0030] The present invention also provides a heat treatment method for recycling photovoltaic modules, comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1: Place the photovoltaic module with the frame and junction box removed flat on the fixed base, and adjust the lifting mechanism so that the clamping mechanism corresponds to the back panel and solar panel of the photovoltaic module;

[0032] S2: Use a clamping mechanism to fix the photovoltaic modules;

[0033] S3: Adsorb the glass layer of the photovoltaic module using an adsorption mechanism;

[0034] S4: The heat treatment chamber heats the area where the fixing seat is located and turns the EVA film into a solid jelly-like substance.

[0035] S5: Start the vibration platform. The vibration platform drives the clamping mechanism, the lifting mechanism, the fixed base and the photovoltaic module to move synchronously in the X-axis and / or Y-axis directions. At the same time, the adsorption mechanism pulls the glass layer upward until the EVA film between the battery panel and the glass layer breaks.

[0036] S6: Continue to pull the glass layer upwards and use a high-pressure blower to blow off the EVA film adhering to the lower surface of the glass layer and the battery panel.

[0037] S7: Flip the remaining part of the photovoltaic module so that the back panel faces upward, adjust the lifting mechanism so that the clamping mechanism corresponds to the solar panel, and use the clamping mechanism to fix the remaining part of the photovoltaic module.

[0038] S8: Adsorbs the backplate using an adsorption mechanism;

[0039] S9: Start the vibration platform. The vibration platform drives the clamping mechanism, the lifting mechanism, the fixed base and the remaining part of the photovoltaic module to move synchronously in the X-axis and / or Y-axis directions. At the same time, the adsorption mechanism pulls the back plate upward until the EVA film between the battery panel and the back plate breaks.

[0040] S10: Continue to pull the back panel upwards, and use a high-pressure blower to blow off the EVA film adhering to the lower surface of the back panel and the battery panel, and recover the glass layer, the battery panel and the back panel respectively.

[0041] Furthermore, in steps S5 and S9, the vibration platform moves at uniform intervals in the X-axis and Y-axis directions or moves irregularly in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.

[0042] Furthermore, the heat treatment chamber heats the area where the fixing seat is located to 73-78 degrees Celsius.

[0043] Furthermore, the air pressure of the high-pressure blower mechanism is 8.5-8.9 MPa.

[0044] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0045] 1. The EVA film in the photovoltaic module is adjusted to a solid, jelly-like state at low temperatures. In this state, the EVA film is close to melting and has low viscosity. A vibration platform is used to create intense relative motion between the solar panel and the backsheet, and between the solar panel and the glass layer, thereby breaking the EVA film and disassembling the glass layer, solar panel, and backsheet. After disassembly, a high-pressure blower removes any remaining EVA film from the glass layer, solar panel, and backsheet. Throughout the process, the EVA film does not dissolve, no harmful gases are produced, the vibration platform offers high disassembly efficiency, and the high-pressure blower is highly efficient at removing the solid, jelly-like EVA film.

[0046] 2. When the EVA film becomes a solid jelly-like substance, it has good vibration isolation properties, which can prevent resonance from occurring between the glass layer or back plate connected to the adsorption mechanism, ensure that there is intense relative movement between the glass layer or back plate and the battery panel, accelerate the breakage of the EVA film in the middle, and improve the overall EVA film removal efficiency.

[0047] 3. The entire EVA film removal process is carried out in a heat treatment chamber with a stable temperature, which ensures that the EVA film remains in a solid jelly-like state throughout the process, thereby improving the EVA film removal rate to over 99.5%.

[0048] 4. The vibration platform adopts a vibration mode in which it moves at uniform intervals in the X-axis and Y-axis directions or moves irregularly in the X-axis and Y-axis directions. In this mode, the part of the EVA film close to the battery panel and the part close to the back panel or the part close to the battery panel and the part close to the glass layer will generate strong relative motion in multiple directions, which makes the EVA film very easy to tear and speeds up the disassembly of the glass layer, battery panel and back panel. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection structure between the robotic arm and the spray gun;

[0052] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of photovoltaic module installation;

[0053] The components include: 1. Vibration platform; 2. Fixing base; 3. Glass layer; 4. Battery panel; 5. EVA film; 6. Back plate; 7. First telescopic motor; 8. Lifting plate; 9. Second telescopic motor; 10. Clamping plate; 11. Heating column; 12. Top plate; 13. Third telescopic motor; 14. Suction cup; 15. High-pressure air pump; 16. Hose; 17. Spray gun; and 18. Universal robotic arm. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] Reference Figures 1-3This invention provides a heat treatment device for recycling photovoltaic modules, comprising: a heat treatment chamber; a vibration platform 1, which is disposed inside the heat treatment chamber and is capable of vibrating in the X-axis and / or Y-axis directions; a lifting mechanism disposed on the vibration platform 1; a clamping mechanism disposed on the lifting mechanism; a fixed base 2 on which the photovoltaic module can be placed, wherein the outer edge of the fixed base 2 is smaller than the outer edge of the photovoltaic module, and the clamping mechanism can clamp the backplate 6 and the solar panel 4 of the photovoltaic module; or the clamping mechanism can clamp the solar panel 4 of the photovoltaic module; the heat treatment chamber can heat the area where the fixed base 2 is located, and the heating temperature of the heat treatment chamber can turn the EVA film 5 into a solid jelly-like substance; an adsorption mechanism, which is fixedly disposed above the fixed base 2 and fixedly connected to the heat treatment chamber, and can adsorb the glass layer 3 or the backplate 6 of the photovoltaic module and drive the glass layer 3 or the backplate 6 to move upward; and a high-pressure blower mechanism, which has a universal air outlet end that can be directed toward the fixed base 2 and the area between the fixed base 2 and the adsorption mechanism.

[0058] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the lifting mechanism includes: a first telescopic motor 7, which is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the vibration platform 1, with its telescopic rod pointing vertically upwards; and a lifting plate 8, which is fixedly mounted on the telescopic rod of the first telescopic motor 7. The clamping mechanism includes: a second telescopic motor 9, which is fixedly mounted on the lifting plate 8, with its telescopic rod facing the fixed base 2; and a clamping plate 10, which is fixedly connected to the telescopic rod of the second telescopic motor 9. There are two sets of the first telescopic motor 7, the lifting plate 8, the second telescopic motor 9, and the clamping plate 10, which are respectively located on the left and right sides of the fixed base 2. The heat treatment chamber includes: a chamber body; and a heating column 11, which is located inside the chamber body and adjacent to the vibration platform 1. The heating column 11 has multiple air outlets extending through its inner and outer surfaces, and a heating fan is installed inside the heating column 11. The adsorption mechanism includes: a top plate 12, which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the heating column 11; a third telescopic motor 13, which is fixedly connected to the top plate 12, and the telescopic rod of the third telescopic motor 13 extends downward and is fixedly connected to the suction cup 14, which corresponds to the fixed seat 2 and can adsorb the glass layer 3 or the back plate 6. The high-pressure blower mechanism includes: a high-pressure air pump 15, the air outlet of which is connected to a hose 16, and a spray gun 17 is provided at the end of the hose 16; and a universal manipulator 18, on which the spray gun 17 is fixedly mounted, and which can direct the spray gun 17 toward the fixed seat 2 and the area between the fixed seat 2 and the adsorption mechanism.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] In this embodiment, in order to improve the adsorption effect between the suction cup 14 and the glass layer 3 or the back plate 6, multiple sets of the third telescopic motor 13 and the suction cup 14 can be provided. Multiple sets of the third telescopic motor 13 are controlled by the same PLC controller to act synchronously on the glass layer 3 or the back plate 6 to improve the adsorption effect.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] In this embodiment, the overall structure is inverted and the adsorption mechanism is replaced with an elastic support mechanism. In this way, when the vibration platform 1 vibrates, the glass layer 3 or back sheet 6 located at the bottom of the photovoltaic module can tear the EVA film 5 by its own gravity. After being completely torn, the elastic support mechanism carries the disassembled back sheet 6 or glass plate, and the high-pressure blower mechanism can blow away the EVA film 5.

[0063] The following describes in detail, with reference to Example 1, a heat treatment method for recycling photovoltaic modules, which includes the following steps:

[0064] S1: Place the photovoltaic module (with frame and junction box removed) flat on the mounting base 2 as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the lifting mechanism is adjusted so that the clamping mechanism corresponds to the backplate 6 and the battery panel 4 of the photovoltaic module;

[0065] S2: Start the second telescopic motor 9. The second telescopic motor 9 located on both sides of the fixed base 2 drives the clamping plate 10 to move towards the photovoltaic module at the same time until the photovoltaic module is fixed. After fixing, the clamping mechanism covers the back plate 6, the battery panel 4 and the EVA film 5 between them.

[0066] S3: Start the third telescopic motor 13. The third telescopic motor 13 drives the suction cup 14 to move downward until the suction cup 14 comes into contact with the glass layer 3 and completes adsorption with the glass layer 3.

[0067] S4: Start the heating fan in the heating column 11 in the heat treatment chamber. Hot air flows from the air outlet of the heating column 11 to the area where the fixed seat 2 is located. In this embodiment, the temperature of the heating fan is set to 75 degrees Celsius. A temperature sensor is set near the fixed seat 2. The actual temperature reaches 73 degrees Celsius. After continuous heating for 10 minutes, the EVA film 5 becomes a solid jelly-like substance.

[0068] S5: Start the vibration platform 1. The vibration platform 1 drives the clamping mechanism, lifting mechanism, fixed base 2, and photovoltaic module to move synchronously in the X and Y axes. In this embodiment, the movement trajectory of the vibration platform 1 is similar to the outer contour of the gear. At the same time, the third telescopic motor 13 slightly retracts the telescopic rod, pulling the glass layer 3 upward. After two minutes, the film between the battery panel 4 and the glass layer 3 becomes noticeably thicker, increasing from about 1.2mm to about 3mm (the original thickness of the EVA film 5 is about 1mm, and it becomes about 1.2mm when heated to a solid jelly-like state, affected by the third...). The stretching effect of the three telescopic motors 13 and the suction cup 14, as well as the partial breakage of the EVA film 5 caused by the vibration platform 1, expand to about 3mm. At this time, the third telescopic motor 13 retracts the telescopic rod again. During this retraction of the telescopic rod, the EVA film 5 is directly and synchronously expanded to about 5mm due to the tension of the third telescopic rod and the suction cup 14, as well as the partial breakage of the EVA film 5 caused by the vibration platform 1. The third telescopic motor 13 continues to retract. After about 30 seconds, the EVA film 5 between the glass layer 3 and the battery panel 4 is completely broken.

[0069] S6: The third telescopic motor 13 continues to pull the glass layer 3 upward, so that there is sufficient working space between the glass layer 3 and the battery panel 4 below. The universal manipulator 18 is used to adjust the spray gun 17 to a suitable position in the working space, and the air pressure is adjusted to 8.5MPa to blow off the EVA film 5 that is stuck to the lower surface of the glass layer 3 and the battery panel 4.

[0070] S7: Flip the remaining part of the photovoltaic module, start the second telescopic motor 9. The second telescopic motor 9 located on both sides of the fixed base 2 drives the clamping plate 10 to move towards the photovoltaic module at the same time until the photovoltaic module is fixed. After fixing, the clamping mechanism covers the battery panel 4.

[0071] S8: Start the third telescopic motor 13. The third telescopic motor 13 drives the suction cup 14 to move downward until the suction cup 14 comes into contact with the back plate 6 and completes the adsorption with the back plate 6.

[0072] S9: Start the vibration platform 1. The vibration platform 1 drives the clamping mechanism, lifting mechanism, fixed base 2, and photovoltaic module to move synchronously in the X and Y axes. In this embodiment, the movement trajectory of the vibration platform 1 is similar to the outer contour of the gear. At the same time, the third telescopic motor 13 slightly retracts the telescopic rod, pulling the glass layer 3 upward. After 1 minute, the film between the solar panel 4 and the glass layer 3 becomes noticeably thicker, increasing from approximately 1.4 mm to about 3.5 mm (the original thickness of the EVA film 5 is approximately 1 mm; due to the longer heating time of this part of the EVA film 5, it can be heated to approximately...). The initial thickness was 1.4mm. Due to the stretching effect of the third telescopic motor 13 and the suction cup 14, as well as the partial breakage of the EVA film 5 caused by the vibration platform 1, it expanded to about 3.5mm. At this time, the third telescopic motor 13 retracted the telescopic rod again. During this retraction of the telescopic rod, the EVA film 5 was directly and synchronously expanded to about 5mm due to the tension of the third telescopic rod and the suction cup 14, as well as the partial breakage of the EVA film 5 caused by the vibration platform 1. After about 30 seconds of continuous retraction of the third telescopic motor 13, the EVA film 5 between the back panel 6 and the battery panel 4 completely broke.

[0073] S10: The third telescopic motor 13 continues to pull the back plate 6 upward, so that there is sufficient working space between the back plate 6 and the battery panel 4 below. The universal manipulator 18 is used to adjust the spray gun 17 to a suitable position in the working space, and the air pressure is adjusted to 8.5MPa. The EVA film 5 adhering to the lower surface of the back plate 6 and the battery panel 4 can be blown off, and the glass layer 3, the battery panel 4 and the back plate 6 can be recycled respectively.

[0074] Except for the initial 10 minutes spent heating the EVA film 5 to a solid, jelly-like state, the total time for disassembling and removing the EVA film 5 from the entire photovoltaic module does not exceed 15 minutes. The disassembly speed is fast, the EVA film 5 removal speed is quick, and the removal efficiency is high. The heat treatment chamber can be configured with a suitable volume to simultaneously heat, disassemble, and remove the EVA film 5 from multiple photovoltaic modules.

[0075] In other embodiments, the heat treatment chamber heats the area where the mounting base 2 is located to 73-78 degrees Celsius. The air pressure of the high-pressure blower mechanism is 8.5-8.9 MPa. A temperature of 73-78 degrees Celsius ensures that the EVA film 5 will not melt and produce harmful gases, while remaining in a solid, jelly-like state, which facilitates faster removal of the EVA film 5 and improves its removal rate. An air pressure of 8.5-8.9 MPa ensures that the solid, jelly-like EVA film 5 can be quickly and easily blown off by the air gun without damaging the battery panel 4 or the backplate 6.

[0076] The following tests were conducted using the equipment disclosed in Example 1 to remove the EVA film 5 under different temperatures and air pressures. The results are as follows (due to the high strength of the backing plate 6, only the glass layer 3 was tested for damage):

[0077] Actual temperature measured near the mounting base wind pressure EVA film removal rate Is the glass layer damaged? 73 degrees Celsius 8.5MPa 99.6% No damage 78 degrees Celsius 8.5MPa 99.8% No damage 73 degrees Celsius 8.9MPa 99.8% No damage 75 degrees Celsius 8.9MPa 99.9% No damage 80 degrees Celsius 8.5MPa The EVA film partially melted, and the EVA film removal rate was not recorded. No damage 73 degrees Celsius 9.0MPa EVA film removal rate not recorded There are multiple scratches

[0078] As shown in the table above, the EVA film 5 removal rate was lowest (99.6%) under the conditions of 73 degrees Celsius and 8.5 MPa air pressure in Example 1. Increasing the temperature or air pressure can effectively improve the removal rate of EVA film 5. Among them, the removal rate of EVA film 5 was the highest (99.9%) when the temperature was 75 degrees Celsius and the air pressure was 8.9 MPa, and almost all of them were removed except for extremely small and stubborn EVA film 5 particles.

[0079] When the temperature exceeds 78 degrees Celsius, the EVA film 5 begins to melt, producing harmful gases. Therefore, the removal rate of the EVA film 5 is not recorded, and this method should be discarded in practical applications. When the wind pressure exceeds 8.9 MPa, scratches appear on the surface of the glass layer 3, and this should also be discarded in actual use.

[0080] This invention discloses a heat treatment apparatus and method for recycling photovoltaic modules. The method utilizes low temperature to adjust the EVA film 5 in the photovoltaic module to a solid, jelly-like state. In this state, the EVA film 5 is close to melting and has low viscosity. A vibration platform 1 is used to generate intense relative motion between the solar panel 4 and the backsheet 6, and between the solar panel 4 and the glass layer 3, thereby breaking the intermediate EVA film 5 and disassembling the glass layer 3, solar panel 4, and backsheet 6. After disassembly, a high-pressure blower removes the remaining EVA film 5 from the glass layer 3, solar panel 4, and backsheet 6. Throughout the process, the EVA film 5 does not dissolve, no harmful gases are generated, the vibration platform 1 has high disassembly efficiency, and the high-pressure blower has high efficiency in removing the solid, jelly-like EVA film 5. When the EVA film 5 becomes a solid jelly-like substance, it has good vibration isolation properties, which can prevent resonance from occurring between the glass layer 3 or the back plate 6 connected to the adsorption mechanism. This ensures that there is intense relative motion between the glass layer 3 or the back plate 6 and the solar panel 4, accelerating the breakage of the EVA film 5 in the middle and improving the overall removal efficiency of the EVA film 5. The entire removal process of the EVA film 5 is carried out in a heat treatment chamber with a stable temperature, which ensures that the EVA film 5 remains in a solid jelly-like state throughout the process, improving the removal rate of the EVA film 5 to over 99.5%. The vibration platform 1 adopts a vibration mode with uniform intervals or irregular movements in the X and Y axes. In this mode, the parts of the EVA film 5 near the solar panel 4 and near the back plate 6, or near the solar panel 4 and near the glass layer 3, will generate strong relative motion in multiple directions, making the EVA film 5 very easy to tear and accelerating the disassembly speed of the glass layer 3, solar panel 4, and back plate 6.

[0081] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0082] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat treatment apparatus for recycling photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, include: Heat treatment room; Vibration platform (1), the vibration platform (1) is set in the heat treatment room, the vibration platform (1) is capable of vibrating in the X-axis and / or Y-axis directions; A lifting mechanism is provided on the vibration platform (1); A clamping mechanism is provided on the lifting mechanism; The fixed base (2) allows the photovoltaic module to be placed on the fixed base (2), the outer edge of the fixed base (2) is smaller than the outer edge of the photovoltaic module, and the clamping mechanism can clamp the back plate (6) and the battery panel (4) of the photovoltaic module; or the clamping mechanism can clamp the battery panel (4) of the photovoltaic module; the heat treatment chamber can heat the area where the fixed base (2) is located and the heating temperature of the heat treatment chamber can make the EVA film (5) become a solid jelly-like substance; The adsorption mechanism is fixedly installed above the fixed base (2) and fixedly connected to the heat treatment chamber. The adsorption mechanism can adsorb the glass layer (3) or back plate (6) of the photovoltaic module and drive the glass layer (3) or back plate (6) to move upward. A high-pressure blower mechanism, the high-pressure blower mechanism having a universal air outlet end, the universal air outlet end being able to face the fixed base (2) and the area between the fixed base (2) and the adsorption mechanism; The lifting mechanism includes: The first telescopic motor (7) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the vibration platform (1), and the telescopic rod of the first telescopic motor (7) is set vertically upward; The lifting plate (8) is fixedly mounted on the telescopic rod of the first telescopic motor (7); The clamping mechanism includes: The second telescopic motor (9) is fixedly mounted on the lifting plate (8), and the telescopic rod of the second telescopic motor (9) faces the fixed seat (2). Clamping plate (10), the clamping plate (10) is fixedly connected to the telescopic rod of the second telescopic motor (9); there are two sets of the first telescopic motor (7), the lifting plate (8), the second telescopic motor (9) and the clamping plate (10) respectively located on the left and right sides of the fixed base (2); The heat treatment chamber includes: Room body; Heating column (11) is installed in the chamber and adjacent to the vibration platform (1). The heating column (11) has multiple air outlets through its inner and outer surfaces. The heating column (11) is connected to a heating fan or a heating fan is installed inside the heating column (11).

2. The heat treatment apparatus for recycling photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption mechanism includes: Top plate (12), which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the heating column (11); The third telescopic motor (13) is fixedly connected to the top plate (12). The telescopic rod of the third telescopic motor (13) extends downward and is fixedly connected to the suction cup (14). The suction cup (14) corresponds to the fixed seat (2) and can adsorb the glass layer (3) or the back plate (6).

3. The heat treatment apparatus for recycling photovoltaic modules according to claim 2, characterized in that, The high-pressure blower mechanism includes: A high-pressure air pump (15) is connected to a hose (16) at its outlet, and a spray gun (17) is provided at the end of the hose (16). The universal manipulator (18) has a spray gun (17) fixedly mounted on it. The universal manipulator (18) can direct the spray gun (17) toward the fixed base (2) and the area between the fixed base (2) and the adsorption mechanism.

4. A heat treatment method for recycling photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, The heat treatment apparatus for recycling photovoltaic modules according to claim 3 includes the following steps: S1: Place the photovoltaic module with the frame and junction box removed flat on the fixed base (2), and adjust the lifting mechanism so that the clamping mechanism corresponds to the back plate (6) and the battery panel (4) of the photovoltaic module; S2: Use a clamping mechanism to fix the photovoltaic modules; S3: Adsorb the glass layer of the photovoltaic module using an adsorption mechanism (3); S4: The heat treatment chamber heats the area where the fixing seat (2) is located and makes the EVA film (5) become a solid jelly-like substance; S5: Start the vibration platform (1). The vibration platform (1) drives the clamping mechanism, the lifting mechanism, the fixed seat (2) and the photovoltaic module to move synchronously in the X-axis and / or Y-axis directions. At the same time, the adsorption mechanism pulls the glass layer (3) upward until the EVA film (5) between the battery panel (4) and the glass layer (3) breaks. S6: Continue to pull the glass layer (3) upwards and use a high-pressure blower to blow off the EVA film (5) that is attached to the lower surface of the glass layer (3) and the battery panel (4); S7: Flip the remaining part of the photovoltaic module so that the back plate (6) faces upward, adjust the lifting mechanism so that the clamping mechanism corresponds to the battery panel (4), and use the clamping mechanism to fix the remaining part of the photovoltaic module; S8: Adsorb the back plate (6) using the adsorption mechanism; S9: Start the vibration platform (1). The vibration platform (1) drives the clamping mechanism, the lifting mechanism, the fixed seat (2) and the remaining part of the photovoltaic module to move synchronously in the X-axis and / or Y-axis directions. At the same time, the adsorption mechanism pulls the back plate (6) upward until the EVA film (5) between the battery panel (4) and the back plate (6) breaks. S10: Continue to pull the back panel (6) upwards, and use a high-pressure blower to blow off the EVA film (5) that is attached to the lower surface of the back panel (6) and the battery panel (4), and recover the glass layer (3), the battery panel (4) and the back panel (6) respectively.

5. The heat treatment method for recycling photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that, In steps S5 and S9, the vibration platform (1) moves at uniform intervals in the X-axis and Y-axis directions or moves irregularly in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.

6. The heat treatment method for recycling photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat treatment chamber heats the area where the fixed base (2) is located to 73-78 degrees Celsius.

7. The heat treatment method for recycling photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that, The air pressure of the high-pressure blower mechanism is 8.5-8.9 MPa.

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