An environment-friendly aluminum electrolysis cell and a method for replacing anode carbon blocks

Abstract

The present invention relates to an environment-friendly aluminum electrolysis cell and a method for replacing an anode carbon block. The aluminum electrolysis cell comprises a cell body and an anode. An inner sealing cover and an outer sealing cover are arranged above the cell body. An inner-sealing-cover carbon-block passing hole for the anode carbon block to pass through is arranged on the inner sealing cover. An outer-sealing-cover carbon-block passing hole for the anode carbon block to pass through in the up-and-down direction is formed in the upper sealing cover. A left valve and a right valve are arranged at the outer-sealing-cover carbon-block passing hole. A guide-bar perforation adapted to the anode guide bar and spanning the left valve and the right valve in the left-and-right direction is formed in the left valve and the right valve. A lower valve for opening or closing the inner-sealing-cover carbon-block passing hole by moving left and right is arranged above the inner sealing cover. The present invention provides an aluminum electrolysis cell and a method for replacing an anode carbon block, which can reduce the smoke leakage amount of a high-temperature smoke chamber and a low-temperature smoke chamber during the replacement of the anode carbon block.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to aluminum electrolysis equipment in the aluminum electrolysis industry, and particularly to an environment-friendly aluminum electrolytic cell and a method for replacing anode carbon blocks. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum electrolysis is to obtain aluminum through electrolysis. Modern aluminum electrolysis industrial production adopts the cryolite-aluminum oxide molten salt electrolysis method. Molten cryolite is the solvent, aluminum oxide is the solute, a carbon body (also called anode carbon block) is used as the anode, and aluminum liquid is used as the cathode. After passing through a strong direct current, electrochemical reactions occur at the two electrodes of the electrolytic cell at 950°C to 970°C.

[0003] Existing aluminum electrolytic cells, such as the "Double-layer Sealed Aluminum Electrolytic Cell and Its Upper Thermal Insulation Cover" disclosed in Chinese Patent CN112831803B, include a cell body and a first thermal insulation cover covering the upper side of the cell body. An anode installation hole is provided on the first thermal insulation cover. The anode of the electrolytic cell is installed in the anode installation hole and inserted into the electrolyte of the cell body. The anode of the electrolytic cell includes an anode guide rod and an anode carbon block connected to the lower end of the anode guide rod through a steel claw. The lower end of the anode carbon block passes through the anode installation hole and is inserted into the electrolyte of the cell body.

[0004] The aluminum electrolytic cell further includes a second thermal insulation cover covering the periphery of the first thermal insulation cover. A sealed high-temperature flue gas chamber is formed between the first thermal insulation cover, the cell body, the anode, and the electrolyte. A sealed low-temperature flue gas chamber is formed between the first thermal insulation cover, the anode, and the second thermal insulation cover. The high-temperature flue gas outlet of the high-temperature flue gas chamber is connected to an external high-temperature flue gas purification system, and the low-temperature flue gas chamber is connected to an external low-temperature flue gas treatment system through a low-temperature flue gas pipeline.

[0005] Through the double-layer sealed thermal insulation structure, it aims to reduce the heat loss above the electrolytic cell, reduce the energy consumption of the electrolytic cell, improve the thermal balance stability in the hearth molten pool of the aluminum electrolytic cell, and improve the current efficiency of the aluminum electrolytic cell. Specifically, by using the first thermal insulation cover and the second thermal insulation cover to divide the upper space of the electrolytic cell into two independent flue gas areas, separating the flue gases and limiting the heat transfer within a smaller range, it can effectively insulate and effectively treat the flue gases. The inner side of the first thermal insulation cover is mostly filled with toxic high-temperature gases, while the inner side of the second thermal insulation cover is mostly filled with non-toxic low-temperature gases.

[0006] The problems existing in the existing aluminum electrolytic cell are as follows: due to long-term use and chemical reactions, the anode carbon block will gradually wear and tear. Therefore, it is necessary to lift the anode carbon block through the anode rod to replace the anode carbon block. In the prior art, it is necessary to open the second thermal insulation cover and lift the anode carbon block out of the anode installation hole of the first thermal insulation cover to complete the replacement of the anode carbon block. The process of opening the second thermal insulation cover is time-consuming and laborious. Moreover, after the second thermal insulation cover is opened, the gas in the low-temperature gas chamber will leak, resulting in heat loss and air pollution; after the anode carbon block is lifted out of the anode installation hole, the gas in the high-temperature gas chamber will also leak through the anode installation hole, resulting in corresponding heat loss and air pollution. Of course, since the anode carbon block needs to move vertically relative to the anode installation hole, it is not easy to ensure the seal between the anode carbon block and the anode installation hole. If the sealing contact force between the anode carbon block and the anode installation hole is relatively large, although the sealing effect is ensured, it is not convenient for the anode carbon block to be inserted into or removed from the anode installation hole in the vertical direction. If the anode carbon block and the anode installation hole do not contact each other, then the sealing relationship between the two cannot be ensured. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly aluminum electrolytic cell capable of reducing the smoke leakage amount in the high-temperature gas chamber and the low-temperature gas chamber during the replacement of the anode carbon block; the object of the present invention is also to provide a method for replacing the anode carbon block in the aluminum electrolytic cell.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the environmentally friendly aluminum electrolytic cell in the present invention is as follows:

[0009] An environmentally friendly aluminum electrolytic cell includes a cell body and an anode. The anode includes an anode rod and an anode carbon block connected to the lower end of the anode rod through a steel claw. The upper end of the cell body is covered with an inner sealing cover, and the upper end of the cell body is further covered with an outer sealing cover outside the inner sealing cover. A high-temperature gas chamber is formed between the inner sealing cover and the cell body, and a low-temperature gas chamber is formed between the outer sealing cover and the inner sealing cover. The inner sealing cover is provided with an inner sealing cover carbon block through hole for the anode carbon block to pass through. The upper sealing cover is provided with an outer sealing cover carbon block through hole for the anode carbon block to pass through in the vertical direction. At the outer sealing cover carbon block through hole, a left valve and a right valve for opening or closing the outer sealing cover carbon block through hole by left-right split are provided. The left valve and the right valve are provided with a guide rod through hole adapted to the anode rod and spanning the left valve and the right valve in the left-right direction. The outer sealing cover is provided with an upper valve driving mechanism for driving the left valve and the right valve to act; a lower valve for opening or closing the inner sealing cover carbon block through hole by left-right movement is provided on the upper side of the inner sealing cover, and the lower valve is driven by a lower valve driving mechanism.

[0010] Further, a vertically arranged left support rod is fixed to the left end of the outer seal cover, and a vertically arranged right support rod is fixed to the right end of the outer seal cover. A first reversing pulley is provided at the top of the left support rod, and a second reversing pulley is provided at the top of the right support rod. The upper valve driving mechanism includes a first reel disposed at the left end of the outer seal cover, and a first pulling rope wound around the first reel and connected to the left valve after being reversed by the first reversing pulley; the upper valve driving mechanism further includes a second reel disposed at the right end of the outer seal cover, and a second pulling rope wound around the second reel and connected to the right valve after being reversed by the second reversing pulley.

[0011] Further, the anode includes a left anode and a right anode arranged at intervals left and right. Two first pulling ropes are wound around the first reel, and the two first pulling ropes are respectively connected to the left valves corresponding to the two anodes; two second pulling ropes are wound around the second reel, and the two second pulling ropes are respectively connected to the right valves corresponding to the two anodes.

[0012] Further, the inner seal cover includes a cover plate located above the trough body. A sealing connection edge is fixed to the lower end of the cover plate. A connection edge slot is vertically provided on the trough body and is in guiding movement cooperation with the sealing connection edge in the up and down directions. The inner seal cover carbon block is provided through a hole in the cover plate. The lower valve is disposed above the cover plate. The upper end of the cover plate is connected with a vertically arranged lifting rod for lifting the height of the inner seal cover. The upper end of the lifting rod passes out from above the outer seal cover, and the left and right movement of the lower valve is realized by changing the height of the inner seal cover through the lifting rod.

[0013] Further, the lower valve includes an upper horizontal valve plate and a lower horizontal valve plate arranged up and down. The lower horizontal valve plate has a left sealing notch for sealing cooperation with the left end of the anode carbon block. On the lower horizontal valve plate, a left sealing section is provided on the left side of the left sealing notch for blocking the left side of the perforation of the corresponding inner seal cover carbon block; the upper horizontal valve plate has a right sealing notch for sealing cooperation with the right end of the anode carbon block. On the upper horizontal valve plate, a right sealing section is provided on the right side of the right sealing notch for blocking the right side of the perforation of the corresponding inner seal cover carbon block. The lower valve has a blocking position where the lower horizontal valve plate moves to the right and the upper horizontal valve plate moves to the left so that the left sealing section and the right sealing section cooperate to block the perforation of the corresponding inner seal cover carbon block. The lower valve also has an open position where the lower horizontal valve plate moves to the left and the upper horizontal valve plate moves to the right so that a passage for the anode carbon block to pass through in the up and down direction is formed between the left sealing notch and the right sealing notch.

[0014] Further, a first vertical rack is provided on the left side of the sealing connection edge at the left end of the cover plate, a second vertical rack is provided on the right side of the sealing connection edge at the right end of the cover plate, a third reversing pulley is provided at the left end of the lower sealing cover, a fourth reversing pulley is provided at the right end of the lower sealing cover, and the lower valve driving mechanism includes a first driving mechanism in transmission cooperation with the upper horizontal valve plate and a second driving mechanism in transmission cooperation with the lower horizontal valve plate.

[0015] Further, the first driving mechanism includes a right-side gear of the first driving mechanism provided at the right end of the tank body and in meshing transmission with the second vertical rack. A first rope winding drum is coaxially connected to the right-side gear of the first driving mechanism. A right-end pulling rope of the upper horizontal valve plate, which is wound around the first rope winding drum and is connected to the right end of the upper horizontal valve plate after being reversed by the fourth reversing pulley, is provided. The first driving mechanism further includes a left-side gear of the first driving mechanism provided at the left end of the tank body and in meshing transmission with the first vertical rack, and a first reversing gear in meshing transmission with the left-side gear of the first driving mechanism. A first rope unwinding drum is coaxially connected to the first reversing gear. A left-end pulling rope of the upper horizontal valve plate, which is wound around the first rope unwinding drum and is connected to the left end of the upper horizontal valve plate after being reversed by the third reversing pulley, is provided.

[0016] Further, the second driving mechanism includes a left-side gear of the second driving mechanism provided at the left end of the tank body and in meshing transmission with the first vertical rack. A second rope winding drum is coaxially connected to the left-side gear of the second driving mechanism. A left-end pulling rope of the lower horizontal valve plate, which is wound around the second rope winding drum and is connected to the left end of the lower horizontal valve plate after being reversed by the third reversing pulley, is provided. The second driving mechanism further includes a right-side gear of the second driving mechanism provided at the right end of the tank body and in meshing transmission with the second vertical rack, and a second reversing gear in meshing transmission with the right-side gear of the second driving mechanism. A second rope unwinding drum is coaxially connected to the second reversing gear. A right-end pulling rope of the lower horizontal valve plate, which is wound around the second rope unwinding drum and is connected to the right end of the lower horizontal valve plate after being reversed by the fourth reversing pulley, is provided.

[0017] The technical solution of the method for replacing the anode carbon block of the environmentally friendly aluminum electrolysis cell in this valve is as follows:

[0018] The method comprises the following steps: First step, drive the lower valve to open the carbon block through-hole of the inner seal cover by means of the lower valve driving mechanism, and lift the old anode carbon block to the low-temperature flue gas chamber between the outer seal cover and the inner seal cover through the anode guiding rod; Second step, drive the lower valve to close the carbon block through-hole of the inner seal cover by means of the lower valve driving mechanism; Third step, drive the left valve and the right valve to flip away from each other to open the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover by means of the upper valve driving mechanism, and lift the old anode carbon block out through the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover by means of the anode guiding rod; Fourth step, send the new anode carbon block into the low-temperature flue gas chamber between the outer seal cover and the inner seal cover through the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover, and drive the left valve and the right valve to flip relative to each other to close the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover by means of the upper valve driving mechanism; Fifth step, open the carbon block through-hole of the inner seal cover by the lower valve, send the new anode carbon block into the electrolyte of the cell through the carbon block through-hole of the lower seal cover, and close the carbon block through-hole of the inner seal cover by the lower valve.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In the present invention, a lower valve for opening and closing the carbon block through-hole of the inner seal cover is provided, a carbon block through-hole of the upper seal cover is provided on the upper seal cover, and a left valve and a right valve for opening and closing the carbon block through-hole of the upper seal cover are provided. The low-temperature flue gas chamber is used as a transfer gas chamber for replacing the anode carbon block. When the anode carbon block needs to be replaced, first lift the anode carbon block into the low-temperature flue gas chamber, and then close the carbon block through-hole of the lower seal cover. The opening time of the carbon block through-hole of the lower seal cover will not be too long, so the temperature loss amount and the leakage amount of toxic gases in the high-temperature flue gas chamber can be reduced; Then open the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover, after moving the anode carbon block out through the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover, close the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover by the left valve and the right valve. At this time, although there is still the guiding rod through-hole open, the cross-sectional area of the guiding rod through-hole is much smaller than the cross-sectional area of the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover, so the heat loss of the low-temperature flue gas chamber can be reduced, and at the same time, there is very little toxic gas in the low-temperature flue gas chamber, and basically no air pollution will be caused. Description of the Drawings

[0020] By reading the following detailed description with reference to the drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will become readily understood. In the drawings, several embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in an exemplary rather than restrictive manner, and the same or corresponding reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts, wherein:

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the environment-friendly aluminum electrolysis cell in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the lower valve and the anode carbon block in the top view direction in

[0023] Figure 3 is Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the upper horizontal valve plate

[0024] Figure 4 is Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the lower horizontal valve plate

[0025] Figure 5 is Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cooperation between the anode carbon block and the lower valve

[0026] Figure 6 is Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the state after the anode carbon block moves out of the hole through the inner seal cover carbon block from bottom to top

[0027] Figure 7 is Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A in

[0028] Figure 8 is Figure 1 Enlarged view of part B in

[0029] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the cooperation between the left valve, the right valve and the anode rod in the top view direction

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the drawings: 1. Tank body; 2. Electrolyte; 3. Anode; 4. Anode rod; 5. Steel claw; 6. Anode carbon block; 7. Outer seal cover; 8. Inner seal cover; 8-1. Cover plate; 8-2. Sealing connection edge; 9. First vertical rack; 10. Second vertical rack; 11. High-temperature flue gas chamber; 12. Low-temperature flue gas chamber; 13. First reversing pulley; 14. Left support rod; 15. First winding drum; 16. First pulling rope; 17. Second pulling rope; 18. Second reversing pulley; 19. Right support rod; 20. Second winding drum; 21. Lifting rod; 22. Hole for the outer seal cover carbon block to pass through; 23. Left valve; 24. Right valve; 25. Upper horizontal valve plate; 26. Lower horizontal valve plate; 27. Hole for the inner seal cover carbon block to pass through; 28. Hole for the rod to pass through; 29. Right sealing notch; 30. Square hole in the upper valve plate; 31. Left sealing section; 32. First tension spring; 33. Left end pulling rope of the upper horizontal valve plate; 34. Right end pulling rope of the upper horizontal valve plate; 35. Square hole in the lower valve plate; 36. Left sealing notch; 37. Right sealing section; 38. Left end pulling rope of the lower horizontal valve plate; 39. Right end pulling rope of the lower horizontal valve plate; 40. Second tension spring; 41. Third reversing pulley; 42. Second rope winding drum; 43. Left gear of the second driving mechanism; 44. First rope unwinding drum; 45. First reversing gear; 46. Left gear of the first driving mechanism; 47. Fourth reversing pulley Detailed implementation mode

[0031] For ease of understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in this specification. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0032] It should be noted that unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0033] An embodiment of an environmentally friendly aluminum electrolysis cell in the present invention is as Figures 1-8 shown: It includes a cell body 1 and a plurality of anode groups arranged at intervals in the front-rear direction. Each anode group includes two anodes 3, and the two anodes 3 are a left anode and a right anode arranged at intervals left and right. Each anode includes an anode rod 4 and an anode carbon block 6 connected to the lower end of the anode rod 4 through a steel claw 5. The anode rod 4 is a vertical square column structure.

[0034] An inner seal cover 8 is provided at the upper end of the cell body. An outer seal cover 7 is further provided around the inner seal cover 8 at the upper end of the cell body. In this embodiment, the outer seal cover 7 is fixed to the upper end of the cell body 1, and the inner seal cover can move up and down. A high-temperature flue gas chamber 11 is formed between the inner seal cover and the cell body, and a low-temperature flue gas chamber 12 is formed between the outer seal cover and the inner seal cover. In this embodiment, the high temperature in the high-temperature flue gas chamber 11 and the low temperature in the low-temperature flue gas chamber 12 are relative. The high-temperature flue gas chamber is closer to the electrolyte 2 in the cell body, and the gas temperature in the high-temperature flue gas chamber is higher than the gas temperature in the low-temperature flue gas chamber. Therefore, the flue gas chamber closer to the electrolyte is called the high-temperature flue gas chamber, and the flue gas chamber farther from the electrolyte is called the high-temperature flue gas chamber. An inner seal cover exhaust port (not shown in the figure) is connected to the inner seal cover, and an outer seal cover exhaust port (not shown in the figure) is connected to the outer seal cover. The inner seal cover exhaust port is connected to an external high-temperature flue gas purification system, and the outer seal cover exhaust port is connected to an external low-temperature flue gas treatment system.

[0035] An inner seal cover is provided with an inner seal cover carbon block through hole 27 for the anode carbon block to pass through in the up and down direction. The hole wall of the inner seal cover carbon block through hole 27 is in clearance fit with the outer periphery of the anode carbon block 6. The upper seal cover is provided with an outer seal cover carbon block through hole 22 for the anode carbon block to pass through in the up and down direction. At the outer seal cover carbon block through hole 22, a left valve 23 and a right valve 24 for opening or closing the outer seal cover carbon block through hole in a left-right split manner are provided. In this embodiment, the left end of the left valve is hinged to the outer seal cover, and the right end of the right valve is hinged to the outer seal cover. The left valve and the right valve are provided with a guide rod through hole 28 that spans the left valve and the right valve in the left-right direction and is adapted to the anode rod. The guide rod through hole 28 is a square hole adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the anode rod. The cross-sectional area of the guide rod through hole is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the outer seal cover carbon block through hole, and the cross-sectional area of the guide rod through hole is smaller than the surface area of the left valve and the right valve.

[0036] The outer seal cover 7 is provided with an upper valve driving mechanism for driving the left valve 23 and the right valve 24 to act. In this embodiment, a vertically arranged left support rod 14 is fixed to the left end of the outer seal cover, and a vertically arranged right support rod 19 is fixed to the right end of the outer seal cover. A first reversing pulley 13 is provided at the top of the left support rod 14, and a second reversing pulley 18 is provided at the top of the right support rod 19. The upper valve driving mechanism includes a first winding drum 15 provided at the left end of the outer seal cover. A first pulling rope 16 wound around the first winding drum 15 and connected to the left valve after being reversed by the first reversing pulley is provided. The upper valve driving mechanism further includes a second winding drum 20 provided at the right end of the outer seal cover. A second pulling rope 17 wound around the second winding drum 20 and connected to the right valve after being reversed by the second reversing pulley is provided. The first winding drum 15 and the second winding drum 20 are respectively driven by their corresponding drum motors.

[0037] Two first pulling ropes are wound around the first winding drum, and the two first pulling ropes are respectively connected to the left valves corresponding to the left anode and the right anode; two second pulling ropes are wound around the second winding drum, and the two second pulling ropes are respectively connected to the right valves corresponding to the left anode and the right anode.

[0038] The inner seal cover 8 includes a cover plate 8-1 located on the upper side of the trough body. The lower end of the cover plate is fixed with a sealing connection edge 8-2. The trough body is provided with a vertically arranged connection edge slot that is in guiding movement fit with the sealing connection edge in the up and down direction. The inner seal cover carbon block through hole is provided on the cover plate. The lower valve is provided on the upper side of the cover plate. The upper end of the cover plate is connected with a vertically arranged lifting rod 21 for lifting the height of the inner seal cover. The upper end of the lifting rod 21 passes through the upper side of the outer seal cover, and the height of the inner seal cover is changed through the lifting rod to drive the lower valve to move left and right.

[0039] The gap between the cover plates of the outer seal cover 7 and the inner seal cover 8 is higher than the height of the anode carbon block 6, so the anode carbon block can be accommodated in the low-temperature flue gas chamber, and the low-temperature flue gas chamber can be used as a transfer chamber for the anode carbon block.

[0040] The lower valve includes an upper horizontal valve plate 25 and a lower horizontal valve plate 26 arranged vertically. The upper horizontal valve plate 25 is provided with two upper valve plate square holes 30 arranged at intervals left and right and extending in the left-right direction. The lower horizontal valve plate 26 is provided with lower valve plate square holes 35 arranged at intervals left and right and extending in the left-right direction. The width of the upper valve plate square hole 30 in the front-back direction is adapted to the width of the anode carbon block, and the length of the upper valve plate square hole 30 in the left-right direction is greater than the length of the anode carbon block; the width of the lower valve plate square hole 35 in the front-back direction is adapted to the width of the anode carbon block, and the length of the lower valve plate square hole 35 in the left-right direction is greater than the length of the anode carbon block.

[0041] The left end of the lower valve plate square hole forms a left-side seal notch 36 for sealingly cooperating with the left end of the corresponding anode carbon block. On the lower horizontal valve plate, on the right side of the corresponding lower valve plate square hole, there is a right-side seal section 37 for blocking the right side of the corresponding inner seal cover carbon block perforation. The right end of the upper valve plate square hole forms a right-side seal notch 29 for sealingly cooperating with the right end of the corresponding anode carbon block. On the upper horizontal valve plate, on the left side of the corresponding upper valve plate square hole, there is a left-side seal section 31 for blocking the left side of the corresponding inner seal cover carbon block perforation. The lower valve has a blocking position where the lower horizontal valve plate moves to the left and the upper horizontal valve plate moves to the right so that the left-side seal section and the right-side seal section cooperate to block the corresponding inner seal cover carbon block perforation. The lower valve also has an open position where the lower horizontal valve plate moves to the right and the upper horizontal valve plate moves to the left so that a passage for the anode carbon block to pass in the up-down direction is formed between the left-side seal notch and the right-side seal notch.

[0042] A first vertical rack 9 is arranged on the left side of the seal connection edge at the left end of the cover plate, and a second vertical rack 10 is arranged on the right side of the seal connection edge at the right end of the cover plate. A third reversing pulley 41 is arranged at the left end of the lower seal cover, and a fourth reversing pulley 47 is arranged at the right end of the lower seal cover. The lower valve drive mechanism includes a first drive mechanism in transmission cooperation with the upper horizontal valve plate and a second drive mechanism in transmission cooperation with the lower horizontal valve plate.

[0043] The first driving mechanism includes a right-side gear 48 of the first driving mechanism disposed at the right end of the trough and meshing with the second vertical rack 10. A first rope winding drum 49 is coaxially connected to the right-side gear 48 of the first driving mechanism. A pull rope at the right end of the upper horizontal valve plate, which is wound around the first rope winding drum and is connected to the right end of the upper horizontal valve plate after being redirected by the fourth redirecting pulley 47, is provided. The first driving mechanism further includes a left-side gear 46 of the first driving mechanism disposed at the left end of the trough and meshing with the first vertical rack, and a first reversing gear 45 meshing with the left-side gear 46 of the first driving mechanism. A first rope unwinding drum 44 is coaxially connected to the first reversing gear 45. A pull rope at the left end of the upper horizontal valve plate, which is wound around the first rope unwinding drum and is connected to the left end of the upper horizontal valve plate after being redirected by the third redirecting pulley 41, is provided. A first tension spring is strung on the pull rope at the left end of the upper horizontal valve plate. Thus, when the inner seal cover moves upward, the second vertical rack drives the right-side gear of the first driving mechanism to rotate, the first rope winding drum winds the rope, the second vertical rack drives the first reversing gear to rotate through the left-side gear of the first driving mechanism, the first rope unwinding drum unwinds the rope, and the upper horizontal valve plate can move to the right.

[0044] The second driving mechanism includes a left-side gear 43 of the second driving mechanism disposed at the left end of the trough and meshing with the first vertical rack. A second rope winding drum 42 is coaxially connected to the left-side gear 43 of the second driving mechanism. A pull rope at the left end of the lower horizontal valve plate, which is wound around the second rope winding drum and is connected to the left end of the lower horizontal valve plate after being redirected by the third redirecting pulley, is provided. The second driving mechanism further includes a right-side gear 52 of the second driving mechanism disposed at the right end of the trough and meshing with the second vertical rack, and a second reversing gear 51 meshing with the right-side gear of the second driving mechanism. A second rope unwinding drum 50 is coaxially connected to the second reversing gear 51. A pull rope at the right end of the lower horizontal valve plate, which is wound around the second rope unwinding drum and is connected to the right end of the lower horizontal valve plate after being redirected by the fourth redirecting pulley 47, is provided. A second tension spring is strung on the pull rope at the right end of the lower horizontal valve plate. Thus, when the inner seal cover moves upward, the first vertical rack drives the left-side gear of the second driving mechanism to rotate, the second rope winding drum winds the rope, the second vertical rack drives the second reversing gear to rotate through the right-side gear of the second driving mechanism, the second rope unwinding drum unwinds the rope, and the lower horizontal valve plate can move to the left. By adopting the method of the upper horizontal valve plate and the lower horizontal valve plate moving back and forth in the left-right direction to open and close the hole for the inner seal cover carbon block to pass through, the vertical opening space of the lower valve can be reduced, and the influence of the air flow of the toxic gas in the high-temperature flue gas chamber on the valve action can be reduced; meanwhile, it is also helpful to ensure the sealing relationship with the anode carbon block and avoid setting the drive on the upper end surface of the cover plate 8-1, because the temperature of the cover plate 8-1 itself is relatively high. If the drive is set near it, it is easy to reduce the service life of the power source.

[0045] The usage process of the lower valve is as follows: Such as Figure 5As shown, when the lower end of the anode carbon block extends into the electrolyte through the through-hole of the inner seal cover carbon block, lower the inner seal cover. The second rope-releasing reel takes in the rope, the second rope-taking-in reel releases the rope, and the lower horizontal valve plate moves to the right. The left sealing notch on the lower horizontal valve plate abuts against the left end of the corresponding anode carbon block. The first rope-releasing reel takes in the rope, the first rope-taking-in reel releases the rope, the upper horizontal valve plate moves to the left, and the right sealing notch on the upper horizontal valve plate abuts against the right end of the corresponding anode carbon block. In this way, the gap between the anode carbon block and the through-hole of the inner seal cover carbon block is blocked by the left sealing notch, the right sealing notch, and the anode carbon block, and the toxic high-temperature gas in the high-temperature flue gas chamber is rarely able to reach the low-temperature flue gas chamber.

[0046] When the anode carbon block needs to be replaced, lift the inner seal cover. The second rope-releasing reel releases the rope, the second rope-taking-in reel takes in the rope, the lower horizontal valve plate moves to the left, and the left sealing notch disengages from the left end of the corresponding anode carbon block. The first rope-releasing reel releases the rope, the first rope-taking-in reel takes in the rope, the upper horizontal valve plate moves to the right, and the right sealing notch disengages from the right end of the corresponding anode carbon block. At this time, the contact force between the upper horizontal valve plate, the lower horizontal valve plate, and the anode carbon block becomes smaller, and the anode carbon block can be lifted into the low-temperature flue gas chamber through the anode guide rod.

[0047] Subsequently, continue to lift the inner seal cover. The lower horizontal valve plate continues to move to the left, and the upper horizontal valve plate continues to move to the right until the right sealing section on the lower horizontal valve plate moves to the upper right side of the right end of the through-hole of the corresponding inner seal cover carbon block, and the left sealing section on the upper horizontal valve plate moves to the upper left side of the left end of the through-hole of the corresponding inner seal cover carbon block, and the adjacent ends of the left sealing section and the right sealing section have an overlapping area, as Figure 6 shown. At this time, the left sealing section and the right sealing section cooperate to complete the sealing of the through-hole of the inner seal cover carbon block. When a new anode carbon block needs to be lowered again, first lower the inner seal cover, so that the lower horizontal valve plate moves to the right and the upper horizontal valve plate moves to the left, allowing the left sealing section and the right sealing section to move away from the upper side of the through-hole of the inner seal cover carbon block. When the anode carbon block can pass through the upper valve plate square hole and the lower valve plate square hole, stop lowering the inner seal cover, and then lower the lower end of the anode carbon block through the upper valve plate square hole, the lower valve plate square hole, and the through-hole of the inner seal cover carbon block into the electrolyte. Subsequently, continue to lower the inner seal cover until the left sealing notch abuts against the left end of the anode carbon block and the right sealing notch abuts against the right end of the anode carbon block. The height position of the inner seal cover can be determined by the lifting rod. In use, the upper end of the lifting rod is connected to the crane, and the height of the lifting rod is changed and positioned by the crane.

[0048] The implementation example of the anode carbon block replacement method in the present invention is as Figures 1-9As shown: The method includes the following steps: First step, drive the lower valve to open the carbon block through-hole of the inner seal cover by the lower valve driving mechanism, and lift the old anode carbon block to the low-temperature flue gas chamber between the outer seal cover and the inner seal cover through the anode guide rod; Second step; Drive the lower valve to close the carbon block through-hole of the inner seal cover by the lower valve driving mechanism; Third step, drive the left valve and the right valve to flip away from each other to open the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover by the upper valve driving mechanism, and lift out the old anode carbon block from the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover through the anode guide rod; Fourth step, send the new anode carbon block into the low-temperature flue gas chamber between the outer seal cover and the inner seal cover through the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover, and drive the left valve and the right valve to flip towards each other to close the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover by the upper valve driving mechanism; Fifth step, open the carbon block through-hole of the inner seal cover by the lower valve, send the new anode carbon block into the electrolyte of the cell body of the electrolytic cell through the carbon block through-hole of the lower seal cover, and close the carbon block through-hole of the inner seal cover by the lower valve. The specific structure of the electrolytic cell is the same as that of the aluminum electrolytic cell described in each of the above aluminum electrolytic cells, and will not be elaborated here.

[0049] In the above description of this specification, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, terms such as "fixed", "installed", "connected" or "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, with respect to the term "connected", it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components. Therefore, unless clearly defined otherwise in this specification, those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to specific circumstances.

[0050] According to the above description of this specification, those skilled in the art can also understand the following terms used, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "length", "width", "thickness", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "clockwise" or "counterclockwise", etc., which indicate the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings of this specification. It is only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the solution of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than explicitly or implicitly indicating that the device or component involved must have the specific orientation, be constructed and operated in the specific orientation. Therefore, the above orientation or position relationship terms cannot be understood or interpreted as a limitation to the solution of the present invention.

[0051] In addition, the terms "first" or "second" and other terms used to refer to numbers or ordinals in this specification are for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as explicitly or implicitly indicating relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of this specification, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three or more, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An environment-friendly aluminum electrolysis cell, comprising a cell body and an anode. The anode includes an anode guide rod and anode carbon blocks connected to the lower end of the anode guide rod through steel claws. An inner sealing cover is provided on the upper end of the cell body, and an outer sealing cover is further provided on the upper end of the cell body around the inner sealing cover. A high-temperature flue gas chamber is formed between the inner sealing cover and the cell body, and a low-temperature flue gas chamber is formed between the outer sealing cover and the inner sealing cover. An inner-sealing-cover carbon-block passing hole for the anode carbon blocks to pass through is provided on the inner sealing cover. It is characterized in that: An outer sealing cover is provided with a carbon block through hole for the anode carbon block to pass through in the up and down direction. At the carbon block through hole of the outer sealing cover, a left valve and a right valve for opening or closing the carbon block through hole of the outer sealing cover by a left and right split opening method are provided. The left valve and the right valve are provided with a guide rod through hole adapted to the anode guide rod that spans the left valve and the right valve in the left and right direction. An upper valve driving mechanism for driving the left valve and the right valve to act is provided on the outer sealing cover; on the upper side of the inner sealing cover, a lower valve for opening or closing the carbon block through hole of the inner sealing cover by moving left and right is provided. The lower valve is driven by a lower valve driving mechanism. The inner sealing cover includes a cover plate located on the upper side of the tank body. A sealing connection edge is fixed at the lower end of the cover plate. A connection edge slot that is vertically arranged and is in guiding movement cooperation with the sealing connection edge in the up and down direction is provided on the tank body. The carbon block through hole of the inner sealing cover is arranged on the cover plate. The lower valve is arranged on the upper side of the cover plate. The upper end of the cover plate is connected with a lifting rod that is vertically arranged and is used to lift the height of the inner sealing cover. The upper end of the lifting rod passes through the upper side of the outer sealing cover. By changing the height of the inner sealing cover through the lifting rod, the left and right movement of the lower valve is realized. The lower valve includes an upper horizontal valve plate and a lower horizontal valve plate that are arranged up and down. The lower horizontal valve plate has a left sealing notch that is in sealing cooperation with the left end of the anode carbon block. On the right side of the left sealing notch on the lower horizontal valve plate, there is a right sealing section for blocking the right side of the corresponding carbon block through hole of the inner sealing cover; the upper horizontal valve plate has a right sealing notch that is in sealing cooperation with the right end of the anode carbon block. On the left side of the right sealing notch on the upper horizontal valve plate, there is a right sealing section for blocking the left side of the corresponding carbon block through hole of the inner sealing cover. The lower valve has a blocking position where the lower horizontal valve plate moves to the left and the upper horizontal valve plate moves to the right so that the left sealing section and the right sealing section cooperate to block the corresponding carbon block through hole of the inner sealing cover. The lower valve also has an opening position where the lower horizontal valve plate moves to the right and the upper horizontal valve plate moves to the left so that a passage for the anode carbon block to pass through in the up and down direction is formed between the left sealing notch and the right sealing notch; On the left side of the sealing connection edge at the left end of the cover plate, a first vertical rack is provided. On the right side of the sealing connection edge at the right end of the cover plate, a second vertical rack is provided. At the left end of the lower sealing cover, a third reversing pulley is provided. At the right end of the lower sealing cover, a fourth reversing pulley is provided. The lower valve driving mechanism includes the lifting rod, a first driving mechanism that is in transmission cooperation with the upper horizontal valve plate, and a second driving mechanism that is in transmission cooperation with the lower horizontal valve plate; The first driving mechanism includes a right-side gear of the first driving mechanism disposed at the right end of the trough and meshing with the second vertical rack. A first rope winding drum is coaxially connected to the right-side gear of the first driving mechanism. A right-end pulling rope of the upper horizontal valve plate, which is wound around the first rope winding drum and connected to the right end of the upper horizontal valve plate after being redirected by the fourth redirecting pulley, is provided. The first driving mechanism further includes a left-side gear of the first driving mechanism disposed at the left end of the trough and meshing with the first vertical rack, and a first reversing gear meshing with the left-side gear of the first driving mechanism. A first rope unwinding drum is coaxially connected to the first reversing gear. A left-end pulling rope of the upper horizontal valve plate, which is wound around the first rope unwinding drum and connected to the left end of the upper horizontal valve plate after being redirected by the third redirecting pulley, is provided. The second driving mechanism includes a left-side gear of the second driving mechanism disposed at the left end of the trough and meshing with the first vertical rack. A second rope winding drum is coaxially connected to the left-side gear of the second driving mechanism. A right-end pulling rope of the lower horizontal valve plate, which is wound around the second rope winding drum and connected to the left end of the lower horizontal valve plate after being redirected by the third redirecting pulley, is provided. The second driving mechanism further includes a right-side gear of the second driving mechanism disposed at the right end of the trough and meshing with the second vertical rack, and a second reversing gear meshing with the right-side gear of the second driving mechanism. A second rope unwinding drum is coaxially connected to the second reversing gear. A right-end pulling rope of the lower horizontal valve plate, which is wound around the second rope unwinding drum and connected to the right end of the lower horizontal valve plate after being redirected by the fourth redirecting pulley, is provided.

2. The environmentally friendly aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vertically arranged left-side support rod is fixed to the left end of the outer sealing cover, and a vertically arranged right-side support rod is fixed to the right end of the outer sealing cover. A first redirecting pulley is provided at the top of the left-side support rod, and a second redirecting pulley is provided at the top of the right-side support rod. The upper valve driving mechanism includes a first drum disposed at the left end of the outer sealing cover. A first pulling rope, which is wound around the first drum and connected to the left valve after being redirected by the first redirecting pulley, is provided. The upper valve driving mechanism further includes a second drum disposed at the right end of the outer sealing cover. A second pulling rope, which is wound around the second drum and connected to the right valve after being redirected by the second redirecting pulley, is provided.

3. The environmentally friendly aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 2, wherein: The anode includes a left anode and a right anode arranged at intervals left and right. Two first pulling ropes are wound around the first drum, and the two first pulling ropes are respectively connected to the left valves corresponding to the two anodes. Two second pulling ropes are wound around the second drum, and the two second pulling ropes are respectively connected to the right valves corresponding to the two anodes.

4. A method for replacing the anode carbon block of an environmentally friendly aluminum electrolytic cell as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: First step, drive the lower valve to open the carbon block through-hole of the inner seal cover by the lower valve driving mechanism, and lift the old anode carbon block to the low-temperature flue gas chamber between the outer seal cover and the inner seal cover through the anode guide rod; Second step, drive the lower valve to close the carbon block through-hole of the inner seal cover by the lower valve driving mechanism; Third step, drive the left valve and the right valve to flip away from each other to open the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover by the upper valve driving mechanism, and lift the old anode carbon block out through the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover by the anode guide rod; Fourth step, send the new anode carbon block into the low-temperature flue gas chamber between the outer seal cover and the inner seal cover through the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover, and drive the left valve and the right valve to flip towards each other to close the carbon block through-hole of the outer seal cover by the upper valve driving mechanism; Fifth step, open the carbon block through-hole of the inner seal cover by the lower valve, send the new anode carbon block into the electrolyte of the cell through the carbon block through-hole of the lower seal cover, and close the carbon block through-hole of the inner seal cover by the lower valve.

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